CN110259604B - Pintle injector - Google Patents
Pintle injector Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN110259604B CN110259604B CN201910520885.0A CN201910520885A CN110259604B CN 110259604 B CN110259604 B CN 110259604B CN 201910520885 A CN201910520885 A CN 201910520885A CN 110259604 B CN110259604 B CN 110259604B
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- pintle
- flow passage
- rod
- outer flow
- sleeve
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02K—JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02K9/00—Rocket-engine plants, i.e. plants carrying both fuel and oxidant therefor; Control thereof
- F02K9/42—Rocket-engine plants, i.e. plants carrying both fuel and oxidant therefor; Control thereof using liquid or gaseous propellants
- F02K9/44—Feeding propellants
- F02K9/52—Injectors
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Nozzles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a pintle injector, which comprises a pintle sleeve and a pintle rod, wherein the pintle sleeve and the pintle rod are of a rotary body structure; an inner flow passage capable of being communicated with the propellant supply pipeline is axially arranged in the pin rod, and an inner flow passage spray hole communicated with the inner flow passage is arranged at the position, close to the end part, of the pin rod; the pintle sleeve is coaxially sleeved on the pintle rod and forms an outer flow passage with an annular structure with the pintle rod, and the outer flow passage forms an outer flow passage spraying ring with an annular structure at one end close to the spraying hole of the inner flow passage; the side part of the pintle sleeve is provided with a communication hole for communicating the outer flow passage and the propellant supply pipeline, and the communication hole is tangent to the outer flow passage. The communicating hole and the outer flow channel are arranged in a tangent structure in a tangent mode, so that the propellant sprayed out of the outer flow channel has a certain radial speed after being sprayed out under the action of centrifugal acceleration, and the radial range of spraying is effectively expanded; a gas channel is provided upstream of the outer channel to assist in the atomisation of the liquid propellant. The invention is applied to the technical field of space propulsion.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of space propulsion, in particular to a pintle injector.
Background
The working process of the liquid rocket engine comprises main processes of injection, atomization, evaporation, chemical reaction and the like. Among other things, injectors determine the velocity, distribution and atomization of the propellant into the combustion chamber and therefore have a significant impact on the performance of the engine. The pintle injector engine only adopts one pintle nozzle, and compared with the traditional engine, the pintle injector engine usually needs dozens of hundreds of injection units, has the advantages of simple structure, depth adjustment capability, internal combustion stability and the like, and is expected to be widely applied to liquid rocket engines, particularly variable thrust liquid rocket engines. Pintle injectors generally comprise a pintle and an injector base, generally classified into two general categories, radial slot type and radial hole type. Among them, the latter is widely used due to better mixing characteristics. However, the disadvantages of the prior art pintle injectors are also apparent, as follows: (1) the inlet of the pintle sleeve is a straight hole, and the propellant flows downwards at a speed basically attached to the wall after flowing out through the circular seam, so that the spray distribution range cannot be effectively expanded; (2) the two propellants are both liquid, the crushing and atomization are realized only by the collision between the liquid, and the atomization effect is greatly influenced by the structural design of the injector and the size of the mixing ratio.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a pintle injector which has the characteristics of uniform injection, good atomization effect, wide spray range and the like.
The technical scheme is as follows:
a pintle injector comprises a pintle sleeve and a pintle rod, wherein the pintle sleeve and the pintle rod are of a rotary body structure;
an inner flow channel capable of being communicated with a propellant supply pipeline is axially arranged in the pin rod, and an inner flow channel spray hole communicated with the inner flow channel is formed in the pin rod and is close to the end part;
the pintle sleeve is coaxially sleeved on the pintle rod and forms an outer flow passage with an annular structure with the pintle rod, and the outer flow passage forms an outer flow passage spraying ring with an annular structure at one end close to the spraying hole of the inner flow passage;
the side part of the pintle sleeve is provided with a communication hole for communicating the outer flow channel with a propellant supply pipeline, and the communication hole is tangent to the outer flow channel.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the side part of the pintle sleeve is also provided with a gas orifice for introducing the atomization auxiliary gas into the outer flow passage, and the communication hole is positioned between the gas orifice and the outer flow passage spray ring.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the number of the inner runner spray holes is multiple and the inner runner spray holes are distributed on the side wall of the needle bolt rod in a multilayer annular structure.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the aperture of the spray hole of the inner runner is 0.3 mm-2.0 mm.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the thickness of the runner of the outer runner spray ring is 0.3-0.8 mm.
As a further improvement of the above technical solution, a support member of an annular structure is arranged on the side wall of the pintle rod, the inner wall of the pintle sleeve is attached to the outer wall of the support member, the support member divides the outer flow passage into a mixing chamber and an air inlet chamber when supporting the pintle sleeve and the pintle rod, the mixing chamber is communicated with the communicating hole, the air inlet chamber is communicated with the air ejecting hole, and a plurality of communicating grooves capable of communicating the mixing chamber and the air inlet chamber are arranged on the support member at annular intervals.
The invention has the beneficial technical effects that:
the structure of the pintle injector is improved, and the outer flow channel and the communicating hole of the supply pipeline are arranged to be tangential, so that the propellant sprayed from the outer flow channel has certain radial speed after being sprayed under the action of centrifugal acceleration, and the radial range of spraying is effectively expanded.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a pintle injector of the present embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the communication hole tangent to the outer flow channel in the present embodiment;
FIG. 3 is an isometric view of the pintle shaft of the present embodiment;
FIG. 4 is an isometric view of the pintle sleeve of the present embodiment.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present disclosure more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that, in the drawings or the description, the undescribed contents and parts of english are abbreviated as those well known to those skilled in the art. Some specific parameters given in the present embodiment are merely exemplary, and the values may be changed to appropriate values accordingly in different embodiments.
The pintle injector shown in fig. 1-3 comprises a pintle sleeve 1 and a pintle rod 2, wherein the pintle sleeve 1 and the pintle rod 2 are both in a revolving body structure; an inner flow channel 21 capable of being communicated with a propellant supply pipeline is axially arranged in the pintle rod 2, and an inner flow channel spray hole 22 communicated with the inner flow channel 21 is arranged at the position, close to the end part, on the pintle rod 2; the pintle sleeve 1 is coaxially sleeved on the pintle rod 2 and forms an outer flow passage 3 with the pintle rod 2 in an annular structure, wherein the coaxiality means that the pintle sleeve 1 is superposed with a rotating shaft of the pintle rod 2; the outer runner 3 forms an outer runner spray ring 31 with an annular structure at one end facing the inner runner spray hole 22, namely an annular seam between the pintle sleeve 1 and the pintle rod 2; one end of the pintle sleeve 1 is fixedly connected with the pintle rod 2 through a thread 23, and the top of the outer flow passage 3 is sealed in a sealing gasket mode and the like; the outer flow passage spray ring 31 is located at one end of the pintle sleeve 1, i.e. the bottom end in fig. 1; the pintle sleeve 1 is provided with a communication hole 11 on its side for communicating the outer flow channel 3 with the propellant supply line, and referring to fig. 2, the communication hole 11 is tangential to the outer flow channel 3, i.e. the communication hole 11 is tangential to an inner ring of the outer flow channel 3 with a certain circular cross-section. Referring to fig. 4, the number of the communication holes 11 is plural and evenly distributed in the circumferential direction at the side of the pintle sleeve 1 so that the propellant can uniformly enter the outer flow passage 3 along the plural communication holes 11.
In the embodiment, the inner flow channel 21 is arranged in the pintle rod 2, the pintle sleeve 1 and the pintle rod 2 enclose the outer flow channel 3 to form a structure that the outer flow channel 3 surrounds the inner flow channel 21, and meanwhile, the communicating hole 11 and the outer flow channel 3 are tangentially arranged to form a tangential structure, so that propellant sprayed from the outer flow channel 3 has a certain radial speed after being sprayed under the action of centrifugal acceleration, and the radial distribution range of spraying is effectively expanded.
The end of the pintle sleeve 1 is provided with an annular skirt 12 extending radially inwards, the outer flow channel spraying ring 31 is positioned between the annular skirt 12 and the outer wall of the pintle rod 2, the thickness of the flow channel of the outer flow channel spraying ring 31 is 0.3 mm-0.8 mm in the embodiment, namely the distance between the annular skirt 12 and the outer wall of the pintle rod 2 is 0.3 mm-0.8 mm. The side part of the pintle sleeve 1 is also provided with an air injection hole 13 for introducing the atomization auxiliary gas into the outer flow passage 3, and a communication hole 11 is positioned between the air injection hole 13 and the outer flow passage injection ring 31. Through set up the gas inlet above propellant, let in gas through fumarole 13 in outer runner 3 at the spouting in-process of pintle sprayer, and then promote the liquid propellant atomizing in outer runner 3, combine pintle sprayer and bubble atomizing atomizer function, effectively improve part liquid film propellant can not with the broken drawback of efflux propellant direct collision. Liquid film propellant is the propellant ejected from the outer flow channel nozzle ring 31, and jet propellant is the propellant ejected from the inner flow channel nozzle hole 22. Referring to fig. 4, the plurality of gas injection holes 13 are uniformly distributed in the side of the pintle sleeve 1 in the circumferential direction, so that the atomization auxiliary gas can uniformly enter the outer flow passage 3 along the plurality of gas injection holes 13.
The number of the inner runner spray holes 22 is a plurality and is evenly distributed on the side wall of the pintle rod 2 along the circumferential direction. In this embodiment, the plurality of inner runner nozzles 22 are distributed on the side wall of the pintle shaft 2 near the end portion in two layers. In this embodiment, the aperture of the inner runner nozzle 22 is 0.3mm to 2.0mm, and the number of the inner runner nozzles 22 needs to be calculated and determined according to the aperture of the inner runner nozzle 22, the flow rate of the propellant, the flow velocity, and the empirical flow coefficient, which is not described in detail in this embodiment.
The side wall of the pintle rod 2 is provided with a support 24 with an annular structure, the support 24 and the pintle rod 2 are integrally formed, and the inner wall of the pintle sleeve 1 is attached to the outer wall of the support 24 to ensure the concentricity, namely the radial positioning, between the pintle sleeve 1 and the pintle rod 2. Support piece 24 cuts apart into mixing chamber and air inlet chamber with outer runner 3 when supporting pintle sleeve 1 and pintle pole 2, mixing chamber and intercommunicating pore 11 intercommunication, air inlet chamber and fumarole 13 intercommunication, and annular interval is equipped with a plurality of intercommunication grooves 25 that can communicate mixing chamber and air inlet chamber on support piece 24.
The pintle injector in the embodiment is mainly applied to a liquid propellant combination, and the working process of the pintle injector is as follows: the two propellants flow out of the supply lines respectively. Wherein the first propellant directly flows downwards along the inner flow channel 21 on the pintle rod 2 and then flows out from the two rows of inner flow channel spray holes 22 in a jet mode; the second propellant flows into the mixing chamber of the outer channel 3 through the tangential communication holes 11 and finally flows out of the outer channel spray ring 31 in the form of a liquid film. Meanwhile, the configuration combines the advantages of a pintle injector and a bubble atomization injector, atomization auxiliary gas is added at the upstream of the second propellant, the atomization auxiliary gas enters the air inlet cavity of the outer flow channel 3 from the air injection hole 13 and then flows downwards, flows downwards through the communicating groove 25 and is converged into the mixing cavity together with the second propellant, and the atomization auxiliary gas can effectively promote the atomization of the liquid propellant.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention has been included to describe the features of the invention in detail, and is not intended to limit the inventive concepts to the particular forms of the embodiments described, as other modifications and variations within the spirit of the inventive concepts will be protected by this patent. The subject matter of the present disclosure is defined by the claims, not by the detailed description of the embodiments.
Claims (4)
1. The pintle injector is characterized by comprising a pintle sleeve and a pintle rod, wherein the pintle sleeve and the pintle rod are of a rotary body structure;
an inner flow channel capable of being communicated with a propellant supply pipeline is axially arranged in the pin rod, and an inner flow channel spray hole communicated with the inner flow channel is formed in the pin rod and is close to the end part;
the pintle sleeve is coaxially sleeved on the pintle rod and forms an outer flow passage with an annular structure with the pintle rod, and the outer flow passage forms an outer flow passage spraying ring with an annular structure at one end close to the spraying hole of the inner flow passage;
the side part of the pintle sleeve is provided with a communication hole for communicating the outer flow channel with a propellant supply pipeline, and the communication hole is tangent to the outer flow channel;
the inner runner spray hole is positioned below the outer runner spray ring, so that the radial jet flow propellant sprayed from the inner runner spray hole and the axial rotating liquid film propellant sprayed from the outer runner spray ring can collide externally, the spray range is effectively expanded compared with the collision of a direct-current annular liquid film and jet flow, the collision position of the propellant is properly pulled away from the outer wall surface of the pintle rod, and the spray effect is further improved.
2. The pintle injector of claim 1, wherein an air injection hole is further formed in a side portion of the pintle sleeve for introducing the atomizing auxiliary gas into the outer flow passage, and the communication hole is located between the air injection hole and the outer flow passage injection ring.
3. The pintle injector of claim 1 or 2, wherein the number of the inner runner nozzles is plural and is distributed on the sidewall of the pintle shaft in a multilayer annular structure.
4. The pintle injector according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a support member of an annular structure is arranged on the side wall of the pintle shaft, the inner wall of the pintle sleeve is attached to the outer wall of the support member, the support member divides the outer flow passage into a mixing chamber and an air inlet chamber when supporting the pintle sleeve and the pintle shaft, the mixing chamber is communicated with the communication hole, the air inlet chamber is communicated with the air injection hole, and a plurality of communication grooves capable of communicating the mixing chamber and the air inlet chamber are arranged on the support member at annular intervals.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910520885.0A CN110259604B (en) | 2019-06-17 | 2019-06-17 | Pintle injector |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910520885.0A CN110259604B (en) | 2019-06-17 | 2019-06-17 | Pintle injector |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN110259604A CN110259604A (en) | 2019-09-20 |
| CN110259604B true CN110259604B (en) | 2020-09-01 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910520885.0A Active CN110259604B (en) | 2019-06-17 | 2019-06-17 | Pintle injector |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN110259604B (en) |
Families Citing this family (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110714856B (en) * | 2019-11-25 | 2020-08-14 | 北京航空航天大学 | Injector, rocket engine and rocket |
| CN111664025B (en) * | 2020-06-12 | 2021-03-30 | 中国人民解放军战略支援部队航天工程大学 | Pintle injector with adjustable flow and easy installation |
| CN111520255B (en) * | 2020-06-12 | 2021-11-09 | 中国人民解放军战略支援部队航天工程大学 | Pintle injector with sweating and cooling functions |
| CN111734556A (en) * | 2020-07-28 | 2020-10-02 | 西安空天引擎科技有限公司 | Torch ignition needle bolt type injector |
| CN112324589B (en) * | 2020-12-02 | 2021-09-24 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Pintle injector and liquid rocket engine with same |
| CN113006977B (en) * | 2021-03-12 | 2023-02-03 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Gas premixing device and flow control method thereof |
| CN113294265B (en) * | 2021-07-21 | 2021-10-15 | 北京星际荣耀空间科技股份有限公司 | Pintle injector for liquid rocket engine |
| CN113756989B (en) * | 2021-09-14 | 2022-07-05 | 中国科学院力学研究所 | Gas/liquid pintle injector with swirl-assisted atomization and adjustable swirl degree |
| CN113756988B (en) * | 2021-09-14 | 2022-07-05 | 中国科学院力学研究所 | Variable-flow liquid fuel pintle injector with adjustable spray pattern |
| CN114607531B (en) * | 2022-03-31 | 2024-04-19 | 西安航天动力研究所 | Small-flow pintle type injector with slotted outer ring of central cylinder |
| CN114427505A (en) * | 2022-04-07 | 2022-05-03 | 西安航天动力研究所 | Pintle injector and thrust chamber |
| CN115405440B (en) * | 2022-11-01 | 2023-02-03 | 北京宇航推进科技有限公司 | Gas generator of liquid rocket engine and head thereof |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB985739A (en) * | 1963-11-11 | 1965-03-10 | Rolls Royce | Fuel injector for a gas turbine engine |
| US4362274A (en) * | 1980-06-27 | 1982-12-07 | Coen Company, Inc. | Dual fuel atomizer |
| US5680766A (en) * | 1996-01-02 | 1997-10-28 | General Electric Company | Dual fuel mixer for gas turbine combustor |
| CN105042638B (en) * | 2015-06-25 | 2017-04-19 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | Two-oil-way three-air-way multi-rotational-flow air atomizing nozzle structure |
| CN108167828B (en) * | 2017-12-07 | 2019-06-18 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 | A kind of active cooling type industrial gas burner |
| CN109139298B (en) * | 2018-08-14 | 2020-04-10 | 北京控制工程研究所 | Space two-component rail-controlled engine based on double-path single-nozzle centrifugal injector |
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2019
- 2019-06-17 CN CN201910520885.0A patent/CN110259604B/en active Active
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN110259604A (en) | 2019-09-20 |
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