CN111663995B - Chemical energy driven nano engine, method for providing power and nano robot - Google Patents
Chemical energy driven nano engine, method for providing power and nano robot Download PDFInfo
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- CN111663995B CN111663995B CN201910164094.9A CN201910164094A CN111663995B CN 111663995 B CN111663995 B CN 111663995B CN 201910164094 A CN201910164094 A CN 201910164094A CN 111663995 B CN111663995 B CN 111663995B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B43/00—Engines characterised by operating on gaseous fuels; Plants including such engines
- F02B43/10—Engines or plants characterised by use of other specific gases, e.g. acetylene, oxyhydrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B43/00—Engines characterised by operating on gaseous fuels; Plants including such engines
- F02B43/10—Engines or plants characterised by use of other specific gases, e.g. acetylene, oxyhydrogen
- F02B43/12—Methods of operating
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B43/00—Engines characterised by operating on gaseous fuels; Plants including such engines
- F02B43/10—Engines or plants characterised by use of other specific gases, e.g. acetylene, oxyhydrogen
- F02B2043/106—Hydrogen obtained by electrolysis
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/30—Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of nanotechnology, and particularly relates to a chemical energy driven nano engine, a method for providing power by using the chemical energy driven nano engine and a nano robot. The present invention provides a nano-engine comprising: the upper part in the shell is an oil layer, and the lower part in the shell is a water layer; the upper part of the shell is provided with an opening which is covered with a semipermeable membrane allowing gas to pass through; and the metal sodium can be separated from the inner wall of the upper part of the shell, and the density of the metal sodium is greater than that of the oil layer. The nano engine provided by the invention can utilize a large amount of hydrogen released by the reaction of the metallic sodium and water as the driving force of the nano engine, and can well ensure the movement rate of the nano robot provided with the nano engine. Meanwhile, according to the chemical property of the sodium element, the nano engine provided by the invention adopts different liquids to construct a double-layer reaction space, and the reaction rate of sodium and water can be reasonably controlled by adjusting the proportion of an oil layer and a water layer, so that the safety coefficient of the nano engine in the running process is improved, and the braking duration of the nano engine is prolonged effectively.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of nanotechnology, and particularly relates to a chemical energy driven nano engine, a method for providing power by using the chemical energy driven nano engine and a nano robot.
Background
The nanometer robot is one of the hottest researches in the microscopic field of people marching, and the rise of the nanometer robot can provide great convenience for human beings and solve a great number of medical problems. In order to supply enough kinetic energy to the motion of the nano robot and ensure the safe and stable motion of the nano robot, people explore a key component, namely a nano engine, from multiple fields of physical chemistry and the like.
At present, the driving aspects of domestic and foreign micro nano-engines are mainly researched by chemical energy driving, external field driving, laser energy supply and the like. The laser energy supply is to heat the nanometer engine by laser, and provide kinetic energy for the nanometer robot by using the principle of storing and releasing energy in the process of gathering and decomposing metal ions wrapped in polymers, but the release of the energy cannot be reasonably controlled, and the motion rate of the nanometer robot cannot be guaranteed. Therefore, scientists thought that chemical reaction is used to generate gas to drive the movement of the nano robot, and there are various choices of chemical substances, catalysts and reaction environment in the process of converting chemical energy into kinetic energy. At present, most of the systems adopt oxidation-reduction reaction in electrolyte solution to generate nontoxic gas, and utilize the recoil principle of gas release to obtain advancing kinetic energy.
At present, the preparation of a nano engine adopts cathode electrochemical reaction 2H2O2＝2H2O+O2↓, decompose to water in the permanganate radical ion solution, release oxygen simultaneously, produce forward driving force through gaseous release in the micro-nano engine of pipeline type, but owing to adopt MnO2As a catalyst, the activity and the catalytic efficiency are limited, so that the decomposition rate of hydrogen peroxide is slow, the kinetic energy provided is relatively less, and the energy required by the nano robot in the motion process cannot be ensured.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, an object of the present invention is to provide a chemical energy driven nano-engine, a method for providing power thereof, and a nano-robot, wherein the nano-engine can provide sufficient and stable power.
The invention provides a chemical energy driven nano engine, which comprises:
the upper part in the shell is an oil layer, and the lower part in the shell is a water layer; the upper part of the shell is provided with an opening which is covered with a semi-permeable membrane allowing gas to pass through;
and metal sodium which can be separated from the inner wall of the upper part of the shell, wherein the density of the metal sodium is more than that of the oil layer.
Preferably, one end of the housing in the horizontal direction is a hemisphere, and the opening is provided at the other end opposite thereto.
Preferably, the height ratio of the oil layer to the water layer is (7-20): 34.
preferably, a partial area of the surface of the metal sodium is covered with an aluminum foil.
Preferably, the metal sodium surface is coated with a water-soluble film.
Preferably, the sodium metal is adhered to the inner wall of the upper part of the shell by a heat-debondable adhesive.
Preferably, the oil layer is a coal oil layer.
The invention provides a method for providing power for a chemical energy driven nano engine, which comprises the following steps:
a) providing the nano engine in the technical scheme;
b) separating the metal sodium from the inner wall of the upper part of the shell of the nano engine;
c) and the separated sodium metal is in contact reaction with the water layer, and hydrogen generated by the reaction is released from the opening of the shell of the nano engine to provide a driving force.
Preferably, in step a), the metal sodium is adhered to the inner wall of the upper part of the shell through a heat debondable adhesive in a nano engine;
the step b) specifically comprises the following steps: and heating the shell of the nano engine to separate the metal sodium from the inner wall of the upper part of the shell of the nano engine.
The invention provides a nano robot, and an engine of the nano robot is the nano engine in the technical scheme.
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a chemical energy driven nano engine, a method for providing power and a nano robot. The present invention provides a nano-engine comprising: the upper part in the shell is an oil layer, and the lower part in the shell is a water layer; the upper part of the shell is provided with an opening which is covered with a semi-permeable membrane allowing gas to pass through; and metal sodium which can be separated from the inner wall of the upper part of the shell, wherein the density of the metal sodium is more than that of the oil layer. The method for providing power for the nano engine comprises the following steps: a) providing the nano engine in the technical scheme; b) separating the metal sodium from the inner wall of the upper part of the shell of the nano engine; c) and the separated sodium metal is in contact reaction with the water layer, and hydrogen generated by the reaction is released from the opening of the shell of the nano engine to provide a driving force. The nano engine provided by the invention can utilize a large amount of hydrogen released by the reaction of the metal sodium and the water as the driving force of the nano engine, and the kinetic energy converted in unit time is higher due to the high reaction rate of the sodium and the water, so that the motion rate of the nano robot provided with the nano engine can be well ensured. Meanwhile, according to the chemical property of the sodium element, the nano engine provided by the invention adopts different liquids to construct a double-layer reaction space, and the reaction rate of sodium and water can be reasonably controlled by adjusting the proportion of an oil layer and a water layer, so that the safety coefficient of the nano engine in the running process is improved, and the braking duration of the nano engine is prolonged effectively. In addition, the nano engine provided by the invention is of a closed structure, so that the interference from the external environment in the running process of the nano engine is avoided, and the reactants generated in the running process of the nano engine are prevented from polluting the external environment.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a nanoengine provided in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a rectangular parallelepiped sodium metal covered with an aluminum foil in a partial area according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a moving image of a nanoengine provided by an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of spherical sodium metal partially covered with aluminum foil according to example 4 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a chemical energy driven nano engine, which comprises:
the upper part in the shell is an oil layer, and the lower part in the shell is a water layer; the upper part of the shell is provided with an opening which is covered with a semi-permeable membrane allowing gas to pass through;
and metal sodium which can be separated from the inner wall of the upper part of the shell, wherein the density of the metal sodium is more than that of the oil layer.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a nano-engine according to an embodiment of the present invention, in fig. 1, 1 is a housing, 2 is an oil layer, 3 is a water layer, 4 is an opening, and 5 is sodium metal.
The chemical energy driven nano engine provided by the invention comprises a shell 1, wherein the material of the shell 1 is preferably titanium dioxide; the wall thickness of the shell 1 is preferably 50-200 nm, and specifically may be 50nm, 60nm, 70nm, 80nm, 90nm, 100nm, 110nm, 120nm, 130nm, 140nm, 150nm, 160nm, 170nm, 180nm, 190nm or 200 nm. In one embodiment of the present invention, one end of the housing 1 in the horizontal direction is a hemisphere. In the embodiment of the present invention in which one end of the housing 1 in the horizontal direction is formed in a hemispherical shape, the portion of the housing 1 adjacent to the hemispherical shape is formed in a cylindrical shape. In one embodiment of the present invention, the axial length of the cylindrical portion of the housing 1 is 500-1000 nm, and specifically may be 500nm, 520nm, 550nm, 570nm, 600nm, 620nm, 650nm, 670nm, 700nm, 720nm, 750nm, 770nm, 800nm, 820nm, 850nm, 870nm, 900nm, 920nm, 950nm, 970nm or 1000 nm.
In the present invention, an oil layer 2 is provided in the upper part of the casing 1, and a water layer 3 is provided in the lower part. Wherein, the oil layer 2 is preferably a coal oil layer, and the water layer 3 is preferably a distilled water layer; the height ratio of the oil layer 2 to the water layer 3 is preferably (7-20): 34, specifically 7:34, 8:34, 9:34, 10:34, 11:34, 12:34, 13:34, 14:34, 15:34, 16:34, 17:34, 18:34, 19:34 or 20: 34. In an embodiment provided by the present invention, the height of the oil layer 2 is preferably 70 to 200nm, and specifically may be 70nm, 80nm, 90nm, 100nm, 110nm, 120nm, 130nm, 140nm, 150nm, 160nm, 170nm, 180nm, 190nm, or 200 nm; the height of the water layer 3 is preferably 250-450 nm, and specifically may be 250nm, 270nm, 290nm, 300nm, 320nm, 340nm, 360nm, 380nm, 400nm, 420nm or 450 nm.
In the present invention, the upper portion of the housing 1 is provided with an opening 4. In the embodiment of the present invention in which one end of the housing 1 in the horizontal direction is formed in a hemispherical shape, the opening 4 is provided in the upper portion of the housing at the other end opposite to the hemispherical shape. In the present invention, the opening 4 is covered with a semipermeable membrane, preferably a cellulose semipermeable membrane, which allows gas to pass therethrough. In the invention, the cellulose semipermeable membrane only has a higher separation coefficient for hydrogen, can block water and oil and ensure the smooth release of hydrogen.
In the invention, the nano engine also comprises metal sodium 5, the metal sodium 5 can be detachably arranged on the inner wall of the upper part of the shell 1, and the density of the metal sodium 5 is more than that of the oil layer 2; the shape of the sodium metal 5 includes, but is not limited to, a rectangular parallelepiped or a spherical sphere. In one embodiment provided by the invention, the shape of the sodium metal 5 is preferably a cuboid, the length of the cuboid is preferably 250-500 nm, and specifically may be 250nm, 270nm, 300nm, 320nm, 340nm, 360nm, 380nm, 400nm, 420nm, 450nm, 480nm or 500 nm; the width of the cuboid is preferably 50-150 nm, and specifically can be 50nm, 60nm, 70nm, 80nm, 90nm, 100nm, 110nm, 120nm, 130nm, 140nm or 150 nm; the height of the cuboid is preferably 50-150 nm, and specifically can be 50nm, 60nm, 70nm, 80nm, 90nm, 100nm, 110nm, 120nm, 130nm, 140nm or 150 nm. In one embodiment provided by the present invention, a partial area of the surface of the sodium metal 5 is covered with an aluminum foil. In one embodiment provided by the invention, the surface of the sodium metal 5 is coated with a water-soluble film, preferably a water-soluble PVA film. In an embodiment of the present invention in which the surface of the sodium metal 5 is covered with both an aluminum foil and a water-soluble film, the aluminum foil is located between the sodium metal 5 and the water-soluble film. In one embodiment of the present invention, the sodium metal 5 is detachably disposed on the inner wall of the upper portion of the housing 1 in the following manner: the sodium metal 5 is adhered to the upper inner wall of the housing 1 by a heat-debondable adhesive.
The invention also provides a method for providing power for the nano engine in the technical scheme, which comprises the following steps:
a) providing the nano engine in the technical scheme;
b) separating the metal sodium from the inner wall of the upper part of the shell of the nano engine;
c) and the separated sodium metal is in contact reaction with the water layer, and hydrogen generated by the reaction is released from the opening of the shell of the nano engine to provide a driving force.
In the method provided by the invention, the nano engine is firstly provided, and then the metal sodium is separated from the inner wall of the upper part of the shell of the nano engine. For the nano engine that the metal sodium is adhered to the inner wall of the upper part of the shell through the adhesive capable of thermal debonding, the mode for realizing the debonding can be as follows: and heating the shell of the nano engine to separate the metal sodium from the inner wall of the upper part of the shell of the nano engine. Wherein, the heating mode can be laser heating.
After the sodium metal is separated from the inner wall of the upper part of the shell, the density of the sodium metal is between an oil layer and a water layer, so that the sodium metal is positioned between the oil layer and the water layer, about half of the surface area of the sodium metal is in contact reaction with the water layer, and the reaction chemical equation is as follows: 2Na +2H2O＝2NaOH+H2×) @. The hydrogen generated by the reaction is released from the opening of the shell of the nano engine to provide driving force for the nano engine.
The nano engine provided by the invention at least has the following advantages:
1) the nano engine provided by the invention can utilize a large amount of hydrogen released by the reaction of the metal sodium and the water as the driving force of the nano engine, and the kinetic energy converted in unit time is higher due to the high reaction rate of the sodium and the water, so that the motion rate of the nano robot provided with the nano engine can be well ensured.
2) The nano engine provided by the invention adopts water and oil to construct a double-layer reaction space, and the contact area of metal sodium and water can be reduced, so that the reaction rate of sodium and water is reasonably controlled, the safety coefficient of the nano engine in the running process is improved, and the braking duration of the nano engine is prolonged effectively. The specific principle is as follows: the density of the metal sodium is between an oil layer and a water layer, so that the metal sodium can be positioned between the oil layer and the water layer in the running process of the nano engine, about half of the surface area of the metal sodium is in contact with reactant water, the metal sodium can continuously jump between the water layer and the oil layer under the influence of hydrogen generation, and the reaction is carried out to release gas only when the metal sodium is in contact with lower layer water.
3) The nano engine provided by the invention is of a closed structure, so that the interference from the external environment in the running process of the nano engine is avoided, and meanwhile, the reactants generated in the running process of the nano engine are prevented from polluting the external environment.
4) In the preferred technical scheme of the invention, the aluminum foil covers part of the surface area of the sodium metal, so that the contact area of the sodium metal and water can be further reduced, the reaction rate of the sodium and the water can be better regulated and controlled, the safety factor of the running process of the nano engine is improved, and the braking duration of the nano engine is prolonged effectively.
5) In the preferred technical scheme of the invention, the surface of the metal sodium is coated with the water-soluble film, so that the metal sodium can be effectively prevented from contacting the external environment, and the metal sodium is prevented from reacting with other substances in the environment before contacting with the water layer.
The invention also provides a nano robot, and the engine of the nano robot is the nano engine in the technical scheme. The nano-engine is assembled on the nano-robot provided by the invention, so that sufficient and stable power can be provided for the operation of the nano-robot, and the nano-robot can be ensured to smoothly complete tasks.
For the sake of clarity, the following examples are given in detail.
Example 1
1) The structure of the nano engine is as follows:
a nano-engine of the structure shown in fig. 1, comprising: the shell body 1 is made of titanium dioxide, and the thickness of the shell body 1 is 120 nm; one end of the shell 1 along the horizontal direction is hemispherical, andthe spherical shell part is cylindrical, the inner diameters of the hemispherical part and the cylindrical part of the shell 1 are 480nm, and the axial length of the cylindrical part is 820 nm; the lower part in the shell 1 is a water layer 3, the height of the water layer 3 is 340nm, and distilled water is filled in the water layer 3; the upper part in the shell 1 is provided with an oil layer 2, the height of the oil layer 2 is 140nm, and rho is filled to be 0.8g/cm3The kerosene of (1); the upper half part (with the interface of oil layer 2 and water layer 3 as the border) of the other end of the shell 1 opposite to the hemisphere is the opening 4 of the shell 1, and the opening 4 is covered with a cellulose semipermeable membrane, and the cellulose semipermeable membrane only has a high separation coefficient for hydrogen and can block water and oil.
In the present embodiment, sodium metal 5(ρ) is bonded to the upper inner wall of the case 1Metallic sodium 5＝0.9788g/cm3) The shape of the sodium metal 5 is a cuboid (360nm multiplied by 80 nm); a strip-shaped aluminum foil covers part of the surface of the sodium metal 5, the covering position is shown in fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a cuboid sodium metal provided by an embodiment of the invention, wherein a part of the cuboid sodium metal is covered with the aluminum foil, a represents sodium metal, and a part of the cuboid sodium metal is covered with an aluminum foil strip; in the embodiment, the width of the aluminum foil strip is 1/3 of the width of the sodium metal, and the aluminum foil strip is positioned in the middle of each surface of the rectangular sodium metal; in this embodiment, the surface of the sodium metal 5 covered with the aluminum foil strip is further covered with a water-soluble PVA film.
In this embodiment, the sodium metal 5 wrapped with the water-soluble PVA film is bonded to the inner wall by a heat-debondable adhesive.
2) Preparing a nano engine:
preparation of hollow TiO by template synthesis2A housing, obtaining a housing 1;
dissolving cellulose by using N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMM0) as a solvent to prepare a cellulose semipermeable membrane;
compressing the sodium metal into a cuboid, then covering an aluminum foil strip on a partial area of the surface of the cuboid, and then wrapping a layer of water-soluble PVA film on the outermost surface of the cuboid to obtain a strip-shaped aluminum foil covered sodium metal 5 wrapped by the water-soluble PVA film;
horizontally placing the shell 1, and injecting distilled water into the nano engine through the opening 4 until the distilled water is flush with the lower edge of the opening 4; coating a hot debonding adhesive on one side of the sodium metal 5, putting the sodium metal 5 into the nano engine from the opening 4 by using magnetic means, and adhering the sodium metal 5 to the inner wall of the upper part of the shell 1; and finally, filling kerosene into the nano engine through the opening 4, and sealing the opening 4 through a cellulose semipermeable membrane to obtain the nano engine.
3) Evaluation of service conditions of the nano engine:
in an operating environment with a simulated temperature of 37 ℃, the nano-engine provided by the embodiment is placed at a radius of 300 μm and a density of about ρ 1.05-1.06 g/cm3The specific gravity of the fluid is about rho g ═ 1.04 x 10^4N/m3The viscosity was maintained at approximately 3.6cP in a simulated mixed solution.
The running condition of the nano engine in the mixed solution is observed by adopting a high-precision scanning electron microscope, data recording and analysis are carried out, and the results are as follows:
and (3) heating the top of the nano engine by adopting external laser irradiation, so that the metal sodium quickly falls off from the top of the inner cavity and sinks to the upper end of the water layer. After the nano engine enters a reaction environment, the water-soluble PVA film coated on the surface of the metal sodium block is dissolved in water after about 5 seconds, and the nano engine is started.
The motion of the nanomotor can be described essentially as a continuous acceleration-uniform-deceleration process. At a starting time t0To t1At the moment, the nano engine is in an acceleration stage, and the speed of the nano engine is continuously increased from 0 due to the fact that the contact surface area of the metal sodium and the water is large at the moment. At t1The maximum V of the motion rate of the nano engine is observed at the momentmax1.82 mm/s. At t1-t2During the time period, the nano-engine speed can be described as uniform motion, and the nano-engine motion rate tends to be stable at the time. At t2-t3In the time period, as the reaction process of the sodium block and the water is continuously carried out, the volume of the sodium block is continuously reduced, and the reaction contact area is reduced. The nano-engine motion speed slowly and continuously decreases until stopping. The moving image is as in fig. 3.
In the whole motion process of the nano engine, stable and continuous motion can be maintained, when an alternating regulation and control magnetic field is added to the outside, the nano engine can accurately avoid virtual obstacles, the motion direction is controlled at high precision, and turning or ascending and descending motion is carried out. The nano engine does not have the phenomena of rolling, sudden stop and the like in the moving process.
Example 2
1) The structure of the nano engine is as follows:
a nano-engine of the structure shown in fig. 1, comprising: the shell body 1 is made of titanium dioxide, and the thickness of the shell body 1 is 120 nm; one end of the shell 1 along the horizontal direction is hemispherical, the shell part connected with the hemispherical shape is cylindrical, the inner diameters of the hemispherical part and the cylindrical part of the shell 1 are 480nm, and the axial length of the cylindrical part is 820 nm; the lower part in the shell 1 is a water layer 3, the height of the water layer 3 is 340nm, and distilled water is filled in the water layer 3; the upper part in the shell 1 is provided with an oil layer 2, the height of the oil layer 2 is 140nm, and rho is filled to be 0.8g/cm3The kerosene of (1); the upper half part (with the interface of oil layer 2 and water layer 3 as the border) of the other end of the shell 1 opposite to the hemisphere is the opening 4 of the shell 1, and the opening 4 is covered with a cellulose semipermeable membrane, and the cellulose semipermeable membrane only has a high separation coefficient for hydrogen and can block water and oil.
In the present embodiment, sodium metal 5(ρ) is bonded to the upper inner wall of the case 1Metallic sodium 5＝0.9788g/cm3) The shape of the sodium metal 5 is a cuboid (360nm multiplied by 80 nm); the partial surface regions of the metallic sodium 5 are no longer covered with strip-shaped aluminum foil. In this example, the surface of the sodium metal 5 is coated with a water-soluble PVA film.
In this embodiment, the sodium metal 5 wrapped with the water-soluble PVA film is bonded to the inner wall by a heat-debondable adhesive.
2) Preparing a nano engine:
preparation of hollow TiO by template synthesis2A housing, obtaining a housing 1;
dissolving cellulose by using N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMM0) as a solvent to prepare a cellulose semipermeable membrane;
compressing the sodium metal into a cuboid, and then wrapping a layer of water-soluble PVA film on the outermost surface to obtain a sodium metal block 5 wrapped by the water-soluble PVA film;
horizontally placing the shell 1, and injecting distilled water into the nano engine through the opening 4 until the distilled water is flush with the lower edge of the opening 4; coating a hot debonding adhesive on one side of the sodium metal 5, putting the sodium metal 5 into the nano engine from the opening 4 by using magnetic means, and adhering the sodium metal 5 to the inner wall of the upper part of the shell 1; and finally, filling kerosene into the nano engine through the opening 4, and sealing the opening 4 through a cellulose semipermeable membrane to obtain the nano engine.
3) Evaluation of service conditions of the nano engine:
in an operating environment with a simulated temperature of 37 ℃, the nano-engine provided by the embodiment is placed at a radius of 300 μm and a density of about ρ 1.05-1.06 g/cm3The specific gravity of the fluid is about rho g ═ 1.04 x 10^4N/m3The viscosity was maintained at approximately 3.6cP in a simulated mixed solution.
The running condition of the nano engine in the mixed solution is observed by adopting a high-precision scanning electron microscope, data recording and analysis are carried out, and the results are as follows:
and (3) heating the top of the nano engine by adopting external laser irradiation, and enabling the metal sodium block to fall off from the top of the inner cavity and sink to the upper end of the water layer. After the nano engine enters a reaction environment, the water-soluble PVA film coated on the surface of the metal sodium block is dissolved in water after about 5 seconds, and the nano engine is started.
The motion of the nanomotor can be described essentially as a continuously varying acceleration-deceleration process. At a starting time t0To t1At the moment, the nano engine is in a variable acceleration stage, and because the surface of the metal sodium block is not covered with the aluminum foil strip any more in the embodiment, the surface of the metal sodium block is in direct contact with water at the moment, the speed of the nano engine is continuously increased from 0, and the acceleration is continuously increased. At t1The maximum V of the motion rate of the nano engine is observed at the momentmax2.12 mm/s. At t1-t2In the time period, as the reaction process of the sodium block and the water is continuously carried out, the volume of the sodium block is continuously reduced, and the reaction contact area is reduced. The nano-engine motion speed slowly and continuously decreases until stopping. The moving image is as in fig. 3.
In the whole motion process of the nano engine, stable and continuous motion can be maintained, when an alternating regulation and control magnetic field is added to the outside, the nano engine can accurately avoid virtual obstacles, the motion direction is controlled at high precision, and turning or ascending and descending motion is carried out. The nano engine does not have the phenomena of rolling, sudden stop and the like in the moving process.
Example 3
1) The structure of the nano engine is as follows:
a nano-engine of the structure shown in fig. 1, comprising: the shell body 1 is made of titanium dioxide, and the thickness of the shell body 1 is 120 nm; one end of the shell 1 along the horizontal direction is hemispherical, the shell part connected with the hemispherical shape is cylindrical, the inner diameters of the hemispherical part and the cylindrical part of the shell 1 are 480nm, and the axial length of the cylindrical part is 820 nm; the lower part in the shell 1 is a water layer 3, the height of the water layer 3 is 340nm, and distilled water is filled in the water layer 3; the upper part in the shell 1 is provided with an oil layer 2, the height of the oil layer 2 is 140nm, and rho is filled to be 0.8g/cm3The kerosene of (1); the upper half part (with the interface of oil layer 2 and water layer 3 as the border) of the other end of the shell 1 opposite to the hemisphere is the opening 4 of the shell 1, and the opening 4 is covered with a cellulose semipermeable membrane, and the cellulose semipermeable membrane only has a high separation coefficient for hydrogen and can block water and oil.
In the present embodiment, sodium metal 5(ρ) is bonded to the upper inner wall of the case 1Metallic sodium 5＝0.9788g/cm3) The shape of the metallic sodium 5 is made into a spherical figure 4 (radius 60 nm); a strip-shaped aluminum foil covers part of the surface of the sodium metal ball, the covering position is shown in fig. 4, fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the spherical sodium metal provided by embodiment 4 of the invention, wherein part of the spherical sodium metal is covered with the aluminum foil, and the cross-shaped part is a covered aluminum foil strip; in this embodiment, the coverage area of the aluminum foil strip is the area between two rings with the radius of 40nm on the surface of the metal sodium ball, and the aluminum foil strip is located in the middle of the surface of the metal sodium ball; in this embodiment, the surface of the sodium metal 5 covered with the aluminum foil strip is further covered with a water-soluble PVA film.
In this embodiment, the sodium metal 5 wrapped with the water-soluble PVA film is bonded to the inner wall by a heat-debondable adhesive.
2) Preparing a nano engine:
preparation of hollow TiO by template synthesis2A housing, obtaining a housing 1;
dissolving cellulose by using N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMM0) as a solvent to prepare a cellulose semipermeable membrane;
compressing the metal sodium into a sphere, then covering an aluminum foil strip on a partial area of the surface of the sphere, and then wrapping a layer of water-soluble PVA film on the outermost surface of the sphere to obtain metal sodium 5 covered with a strip-shaped aluminum foil and wrapped by the water-soluble PVA film;
horizontally placing the shell 1, and injecting distilled water into the nano engine through the opening 4 until the distilled water is flush with the lower edge of the opening 4; coating a hot debonding adhesive on one side of the sodium metal 5, putting the sodium metal 5 into the nano engine from the opening 4 by using magnetic means, and adhering the sodium metal 5 to the inner wall of the upper part of the shell 1; and finally, filling kerosene into the nano engine through the opening 4, and sealing the opening 4 through a cellulose semipermeable membrane to obtain the nano engine.
3) Evaluation of service conditions of the nano engine:
in an operating environment with a simulated temperature of 37 ℃, the nano-engine provided by the embodiment is placed at a radius of 300 μm and a density of about ρ 1.05-1.06 g/cm3The specific gravity of the fluid is about rho g ═ 1.04 x 10^4N/m3The viscosity was maintained at approximately 3.6cP in a simulated mixed solution.
The running condition of the nano engine in the mixed solution is observed by adopting a high-precision scanning electron microscope, data recording and analysis are carried out, and the results are as follows:
and the top of the nano engine is heated by external laser irradiation, and the ball falls off from the top of the inner cavity and sinks to the upper end of the water layer in the nano engine. After the nano engine enters a reaction environment, the water-soluble PVA film coated on the surface of the metal sodium block is dissolved in water after about 5 seconds, and the nano engine is started.
The motion of the nanomotor can be described essentially as a continuous acceleration-uniform-deceleration process. At a starting time t0To t1At the moment, the nano engine is in an acceleration stage, because the metal sodium is connected with water at the momentThe contact surface area is large and the nano-engine speed continues to increase from 0. At t1The maximum V of the motion rate of the nano engine is observed at the momentmax2.02 mm/s. At t1-t2During the time period, the nano-engine speed can be described as uniform motion, and the nano-engine motion rate tends to be stable at the time. At t2-t3In the time period, as the reaction process of the sodium block and the water is continuously carried out, the volume of the sodium block is continuously reduced, and the reaction contact area is reduced. The nano-engine motion speed slowly and continuously decreases until stopping. The moving image is as in fig. 3.
In the whole motion process of the nano engine, stable and continuous motion can be maintained, when an alternating regulation and control magnetic field is added to the outside, the nano engine can accurately avoid virtual obstacles, the motion direction is controlled at high precision, and turning or ascending and descending motion is carried out. The nano engine does not have the phenomena of rolling, sudden stop and the like in the moving process.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A chemical energy driven nano-engine comprising:
the upper part in the shell is an oil layer, and the lower part in the shell is a water layer; the upper part of the shell is provided with an opening which is covered with a semi-permeable membrane allowing gas to pass through; the height ratio of the oil layer to the water layer is (7-20): 34;
and metal sodium which can be separated from the inner wall of the upper part of the shell, wherein the density of the metal sodium is more than that of the oil layer.
2. The nano-engine according to claim 1, wherein one end of the housing in a horizontal direction is a hemisphere, and the opening is provided at the other end opposite thereto.
3. The nanomotor of claim 1, wherein a partial area of the surface of the sodium metal is covered with aluminum foil.
4. The nanoengine of claim 1, wherein the metallic sodium surface is coated with a water-soluble film.
5. The nano-engine of claim 1, wherein the sodium metal is adhered to the upper inner wall of the housing by a heat-debondable adhesive.
6. The nanoengine of claim 1, wherein the reservoir is a coal reservoir.
7. A method of providing power to a chemical energy driven nano-engine comprising the steps of:
a) providing a nanoengine according to any one of claims 1 to 6;
b) separating the metal sodium from the inner wall of the upper part of the shell of the nano engine;
c) and the separated sodium metal is in contact reaction with the water layer, and hydrogen generated by the reaction is released from the opening of the shell of the nano engine to provide a driving force.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein in step a), the metallic sodium is adhered to the inner wall of the upper part of the shell in a nano engine by a heat-debondable adhesive;
the step b) specifically comprises the following steps: and heating the shell of the nano engine to separate the metal sodium from the inner wall of the upper part of the shell of the nano engine.
9. A nano robot, characterized in that the engine of the nano robot is the nano engine according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
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| CN1730118A (en) * | 2005-08-19 | 2006-02-08 | 华南理工大学 | Chemical reaction gas pressure type microcapsule medicine release method and apparatus thereof |
| EP2207703B1 (en) * | 2007-11-09 | 2012-05-16 | Fioravanti S.r.l. | An automobile vehicle with a wiperless cleaning system for glazed surfaces and the like |
| CN101554543A (en) * | 2008-04-09 | 2009-10-14 | 中国科学院化学研究所 | Distributed exhaust device for exhausting gas of microfluid device and preparation method thereof |
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