Device and method for measuring orientation density while drilling
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of petroleum drilling and logging, in particular to a device and a method for measuring orientation density while drilling in the technical field of logging while drilling.
Background
During oil exploration and development, geological information of the stratum needs to be measured. Along with the gradual deepening of exploration and development, the requirement on the accuracy of a measurement parameter result is higher and higher, the device can accurately obtain the lithology and the density value of a stratum, and has very important functions and significance for calculating the porosity of the stratum and analyzing a reservoir stratum.
The existing density measuring device mainly comprises a drill collar, a slurry channel, a density source bin, a density detector assembly, a circuit framework assembly and a bus signal line. The density detector assembly comprises a long-source-distance crystal detector, a long-source-distance photomultiplier, a short-source-distance crystal detector, a short-source-distance photomultiplier, a preamplifier circuit and a high-voltage control circuit; the circuit framework assembly comprises a framework, and a gap measuring circuit, an acquisition control storage circuit and a power supply control circuit which are fixed on the framework; the acquisition control storage circuit comprises a pulse conditioning circuit, a peak detection circuit, an AD conversion circuit, an FPGA control chip, a bus isolation controller, a modem and a memory. Because of the defects in the structure and layout design, the device does not have the characteristic of azimuth measurement, gamma rays are emitted to the stratum through the radioactive isotope 137Cs, the gamma rays scattered back through the stratum are measured through the long-short source distance detector, the density value is calculated, and the traditional measuring device has no resolving power on the circumferential direction and cannot perform azimuth detection.
In addition, the existing density measuring device mostly adopts a mechanical or hydraulic pushing mode to attach the density detector to the well wall, and a high-power motor needs to be added in a circuit, so that the power consumption and the complexity of the circuit are greatly increased, and the reliability of the device is invisibly reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at the problems in the prior art and provides a measurement device and a measurement method for orientation density while drilling, which can accurately and effectively measure lithologic density values in different orientations and are used for judging the lithologic property of a stratum.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention firstly provides a device for measuring the orientation density while drilling, which comprises the following components: including drill collar and setting mud passageway, density source storehouse, density detector assembly, circuit skeleton assembly and the bus signal circuit in the drill collar, the density detector assembly includes long source range crystal detector, long source range photomultiplier, short source range crystal detector, short source range photomultiplier and leading amplifier circuit, high-pressure control circuit, circuit skeleton assembly includes the skeleton and fixes azimuth measuring circuit, clearance measuring circuit, acquisition control memory circuit and the power control circuit on the skeleton, acquisition control memory circuit includes pulse conditioning circuit, peak detection circuit, AD converting circuit, FPGA control chip, bus isolation controller, modem and memory, wherein: the drill collar is axially provided with a through slurry channel, a central pipe is arranged in the slurry channel, the upper part of the drill collar is provided with a radial groove, the drill collar below the radial groove is sequentially provided with a long U-shaped groove and a circuit framework bin along the radial direction, and the radial groove, the long U-shaped groove and the circuit framework bin on the drill collar are connected in a sealing way through an anti-abrasion cover plate; the density source bin is arranged in a radial groove at the upper end part of the drill collar, a gamma ray shielding body wraps the density source bin, radiation windows are formed in the gamma ray shielding body and an anti-abrasion cover plate corresponding to the gamma ray shielding body, and a long source distance window and a short source distance window are formed in the anti-abrasion cover plate; the density detector assembly is sleeved with a layer of pressure-bearing shell, and the pressure-bearing shell is integrally arranged in the long U-shaped groove of the drill collar; the circuit framework assembly is connected with the density detector assembly through the pressure-bearing plug.
The above apparatus scheme further comprises:
the long-source-distance crystal detector, the long-source-distance photomultiplier, the short-source-distance photomultiplier and the short-source-distance crystal detector in the density detector assembly are arranged in a group at intervals, and an anti-abrasion cover plate at the corresponding position of the long-source-distance crystal detector and the short-source-distance crystal detector is provided with a long-source-distance window and a short-source-distance window.
The long and short range window materials are composed of beryllium or titanium or a combination of both.
The sector angle of the long source distance window and the short source distance window is 180 degrees.
And the gamma ray shielding body and the anti-abrasion cover plate corresponding to the density source bin are provided with radiation windows which are downward inclined windows.
The gamma ray shield is made of tungsten-nickel-iron composite materials, a Curie emissive Cs source, a long and short source distance crystal detector and a NaI scintillation crystal detector are placed in the density source bin; the long source distance crystal detector, the long source distance photomultiplier, the short source distance crystal detector and the short source distance photomultiplier are kept on the same axis.
The framework is of a triangular structure, and circuit boards of the azimuth measuring circuit, the gap measuring circuit, the acquisition control storage circuit and the power supply control circuit are fixed on three surfaces of the framework in a mode of combining a plurality of holes with sealed high-temperature shockproof glue.
And a righting anti-abrasion cover plate is arranged on the drill collar on the corresponding side of the anti-abrasion cover plate.
The measurement method of the while-drilling azimuth density measurement device comprises the following steps: in the rotation measurement mode, each time a set of count values is measured, a corresponding sector signal Φ needs to be added
a(a =0~ 16), then compensating the parameter in the clearance
Under the action of (2), the real density value of the sector is obtained.
The above method further comprises: in the rotation measurement mode, the density calculation formula of each sector is expressed as follows:
wherein A is the long source distance counting rate vs. density value
B is the short-source-distance counting rate vs. density value
C is a density value
D is a correction value of the long source distance counting rate versus the density
E is a correction value of the short-range count rate versus density
F is the density correction value
The coefficient of deviation of (a) is,
in order to be a gap correction coefficient,
the corrected real density value.
The invention relates to a device and a method for measuring orientation density while drilling, wherein a density detector assembly of the device is respectively provided with a density detector assembly of 0.5 micro Curie at two sides137And (4) performing long and short source distance counting and spectrum stabilization by the Cs source. The circumference is divided into 16 sectors by an azimuth detection circuit, and the lithology and density values measured by the density detector are converted into 360-degree imaging by combining sector signals. The fit condition of the well wall of the device can be accurately judged through the clearance measuring circuit, and lithology and density value compensation is carried out. By adopting the device and the method, the lithology and density value of the stratum can be accurately obtained, and the device and the method have very important functions and meanings for calculating the porosity of the stratum and analyzing a reservoir.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an axial cross-sectional view of a main body portion of a probe according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIGS. 2a, b, c are schematic diagrams of a circuit skeleton trihedral layout according to one embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a radial cross-sectional view taken at location A-A of FIG. 1, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic control flow diagram of signal receiving, processing, collecting and storing according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure:
1. the device comprises a drill collar, 2, a long-source-distance crystal detector, 3, a long-source-distance photomultiplier, 4, a short-source-distance crystal detector, 5, a short-source-distance photomultiplier, 6, a pre-amplification circuit, 7, a high-voltage control circuit, 8, a detector pressure-bearing shell, 9, a pressure-bearing plug, 10, an orientation measurement circuit, 11, a gap measurement circuit, 12, an acquisition control storage circuit, 13, a power supply control circuit, 14, a U-shaped groove, 15, a framework, 16, a density source bin, 17, a gamma ray shielding body, 18, an anti-abrasion cover plate, 19, a long-source-distance window, 20, a short-source-distance window, 21, a slurry channel, 22, a centering anti-abrasion cover plate, 23, a pulse conditioning circuit, 24, a peak detection circuit, 25, an AD conversion circuit, 26, an FPGA control chip, 27, a bus isolation controller, 28, a modem, 29, a memory, 30 and a bus signal.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and specific examples.
Embodiment 1, referring to fig. 1 to 4, a measurement device for orientation density while drilling includes a drill collar 1, and a slurry channel, a density source bin 16, a density detector assembly, a circuit skeleton assembly and a bus signal line 30 which are arranged in the drill collar 1, wherein the density detector assembly includes a long-source-distance crystal detector 2, a long-source-distance photomultiplier 3, a short-source-distance crystal detector 4, a short-source-distance photomultiplier 5, a pre-amplification circuit 6 and a high-voltage control circuit 7, the circuit skeleton assembly includes a skeleton 15, and an orientation measurement circuit 10, a gap measurement circuit 11, an acquisition control storage circuit 12 and a power control circuit 13 which are fixed on the skeleton 15, the acquisition control storage circuit 12 includes a pulse conditioning circuit 23, a peak detection circuit 24, an AD conversion circuit 25, an FPGA control chip 26, a bus isolation controller 27, a modem 28 and a memory 29, wherein: a through slurry channel is axially arranged on the drill collar 1, a central pipe 21 is arranged in the slurry channel, a radial groove is formed in the upper portion of the drill collar 1, a long U-shaped groove 14 and a circuit framework bin are sequentially formed in the drill collar 1 below the radial groove along the radial direction, and the radial groove, the long U-shaped groove 14 and the circuit framework bin on the drill collar 1 are connected in a sealing mode through an anti-abrasion cover plate 18; the density source bin 16 is arranged in a radial groove at the upper end part of the drill collar 1, a gamma ray shielding body 17 is wrapped outside the density source bin 16, a radiation window is formed on the gamma ray shielding body 17 and a corresponding anti-abrasion cover plate 18, and a long source distance window 19 and a short source distance window 20 are formed on the anti-abrasion cover plate 18; the density detector assembly is sleeved with a layer of pressure-bearing shell 8, and the pressure-bearing shell 8 is integrally arranged in the long U-shaped groove 14 of the drill collar 1; the circuit framework assembly is connected with the density detector assembly through a pressure-bearing plug 9.
The above embodiment further:
the long source distance crystal detector 2, the long source distance photomultiplier 3, the short source distance photomultiplier 5 and the short source distance crystal detector 4 in the density detector assembly are arranged in pairs at intervals, and an anti-abrasion cover plate 18 at the corresponding position of the long source distance crystal detector 2 and the short source distance crystal detector 4 is provided with a long source distance window 19 and a short source distance window 20.
The long source distance window 19 and short source distance window 20 materials are comprised of beryllium or titanium or a combination of both.
The long source distance window 19 and the short source distance window 20 have a sector angle of 180 deg..
The gamma ray shielding body 17 and the anti-abrasion cover plate 18 corresponding to the density source bin 16 are provided with radiation windows which are downward inclined windows.
The gamma ray shield 17 is made of tungsten-nickel-iron composite materials, 2 Curie emission 137Cs sources are placed in the density source bin 16, and NaI scintillation crystal detectors are selected as long and short source distance crystal detectors 2 and 4; the long source distance crystal detector 2, the long source distance photomultiplier 3, the short source distance crystal detector 4 and the short source distance photomultiplier 5 are maintained on the same axis.
The framework 15 is of a triangular structure, and circuit boards of the azimuth measuring circuit 10, the gap measuring circuit 11, the acquisition control storage circuit 12 and the power supply control circuit 13 are fixed on three surfaces of the framework in a mode of combining a plurality of holes and sealing high-temperature shockproof glue.
A centralizing anti-abrasion cover plate 22 is arranged on the drill collar 1 at the corresponding side of the anti-abrasion cover plate 18.
The measurement method of the while-drilling azimuth density measurement device comprises the following steps: in the rotation measurement mode, each time a set of count values is measured, a corresponding sector signal Φ needs to be added
a(a =0~ 16), then compensating the parameter in the clearance
Under the action of (2), the real density value of the sector is obtained.
The above method further comprises: in the rotation measurement mode, the density calculation formula of each sector is expressed as follows:
wherein A is the long source distance counting rate vs. density value
B is the short-source-distance counting rate vs. density value
C is a density value
D is a correction value of the long source distance counting rate versus the density
E is a correction value of the short-range count rate versus density
F is the density correction value
The coefficient of deviation of (a) is,
in order to be a gap correction coefficient,
the corrected real density value.
Example 2
Referring to the attached drawings 1-4, the device for measuring orientation density while drilling comprises a drill collar 1, a long U-shaped groove 14 is formed in one side of the drill collar, a detector pressure-bearing shell 8 is embedded in the groove, a long-source-distance crystal detector 2, a long-source-distance photomultiplier 3, a short-source-distance crystal detector 4, a short-source-distance photomultiplier 5, a pre-amplification circuit 6 and a high-voltage control circuit 7 are arranged in the detector pressure-bearing shell 8, the detector pressure-bearing shell 8 is connected with a framework 15 through a pressure-bearing plug 9, an orientation measuring circuit 10, a gap measuring circuit 11, an acquisition control storage circuit 12 and a power control circuit 13 are sequentially fixed on the framework 15, a density source bin 16 with a certain inclination angle is adopted, a gamma ray shielding body 17 is filled between the density source bin 16 and the detector pressure-bearing shell 8, and a strip-shaped anti-wear cover plate 18 is covered outside the detector pressure-. Long source distance windows 19 and short source distance windows 20 are opened at appropriate positions on the elongated wear cover plate 18.
2 Curie emitting 137Cs sources are placed in the density source bin 16, NaI scintillation crystal detectors are selected as the long and short source distance crystal detectors 2 and 4, and the gamma ray shielding body 17 is made of high-density material tungsten nickel iron.
The scheme further includes that the acquisition control storage circuit 12 takes an FPGA as a core. The power supply control circuit supplies power to the whole acquisition control storage circuit, the FPGA is connected with the high-voltage module through the high-voltage control circuit, the long and short source distance detector is connected with the preamplification circuit and is connected with the FPGA through the pulse conditioning circuit, the peak detection circuit and the A/D conversion circuit, signals of the direction measurement circuit and the gap measurement circuit are synchronously sent into the FPGA for processing, and the FPGA is connected with the external power supply control circuit through the modem and the bus isolation controller and is simultaneously connected into the RAM.
The drill collar 1 is provided with a wire hole which is through along the axial direction, a slurry channel 21 which is through along the axial direction is arranged near the middle part, an anti-abrasion cover plate 18 covers the pressure-bearing shell 8 of the detector, a corresponding righting anti-abrasion cover plate 22 is arranged opposite to 180 degrees, and the circuit board is arranged on the framework in a mode of combining a plurality of holes and sealing high-temperature anti-vibration glue.
In the rotation measurement mode, each sector is calculated by a traditional density calculation formula, and is expressed as follows:
wherein A is the long source distance counting rate vs. density value
B is the short-source-distance counting rate vs. density value
C is a density value
D is a correction value of the long source distance counting rate versus the density
E is a correction value of the short-range count rate versus density
F is the density correction value
The coefficient of deviation of (a) is,
in order to be a gap correction coefficient,
the corrected real density value.
Example 3
A device for measuring orientation density while drilling, which is compared with a figure 1, is characterized in that a density source chamber 16 arranged on a drill collar 1 is internally provided with a 137Cs source with 2 Curie, gamma photons with 0.661Mev are emitted to a stratum through the 137Cs source, and Compton effect and photoelectric effect are generated between the gamma photons and the stratum to measure lithologic density. The density source bin is wrapped by tungsten, nickel and iron with a certain thickness and used for shielding the influence of scattered gamma rays which do not enter the stratum on the measurement result.
A short-source-distance crystal detector 4, a short-source-distance photomultiplier 5, a long-source-distance crystal detector 2, a long-source-distance photomultiplier 3, a pre-amplification circuit 6, a high-voltage control circuit 7 and the like are respectively installed in the detector pressure-bearing shell 8 from top to bottom, are embedded in a U-shaped groove 14, and are connected with a framework 15 through a pressure-bearing plug 9. Gamma photons reflected and scattered in the formation are received by long and short range crystal detectors 2 and 4, and because the scattering and absorption capacities of the formation to gamma photons vary with the density of the formation, the reflected photon readings recorded by the detectors vary with the density of the formation. And because the electron density and the electron density index in the stratum have positive correlation with the Compton linear attenuation coefficient, the corresponding relation with the lithology of the stratum can be obtained by measuring the electron density. However, during the logging process, the influence of the environmental factors still exists, and therefore, the measurement parameters need to be corrected by the azimuth measurement circuit 10 and the interval measurement circuit 11 to obtain accurate formation real information.
The detector pressure-bearing shell 8 is covered with an elongated anti-wear cover plate 18. Long and short source distance windows 19 and 20 are opened in the elongated wear cover plate 18 at appropriate locations for receiving gamma photons reflected and scattered from the formation. The long and short source distance window is made of beryllium or titanium or a combination of the beryllium and the titanium, needs to bear the pressure of 40000PSI of a drilling well, and can be covered with a protective coating which cannot be corroded or be made of beryllium or titanium alloy.
Fig. 2 shows a three-plane layout of the circuit skeleton of the device. The gap measuring circuit 11, the acquisition control storage circuit 12, the azimuth measuring circuit 10 and the power supply control circuit 13 are fixed on the framework 15.
The clearance measuring circuit 11 measures the diameter of the borehole and the clearance between the device and the borehole wall through a detector, so as to adjust the density value and the Pe value obtained by the signal main amplification and energy spectrum acquisition module.
The azimuth measuring circuit 10 measures azimuth information for sectorization of the energy spectrum. And determining the size of a detection energy window and a source distance of the density logging while drilling instrument according to the gamma field distribution of the 137Cs radioactive source under different stratum conditions.
The power supply control circuit 13 is supplied with power supply input by a central control system or a ground system, outputs proper power supply voltage, and meets the requirements of the acquisition control storage circuit 12, the gap measurement circuit 11, the azimuth measurement circuit 10 and the like. The density logging while drilling device needs to ensure that the power supply of the whole system is in a normal state at any time, and simultaneously records the voltage and current values of a logging instrument, so that the power consumption of each circuit part is favorably monitored, the collected data are ensured to be obtained under a normal power supply environment, and meanwhile, the density logging while drilling device can be adjusted and optimized to form a power supply system.
Figure 3 shows a radial cross-section of the device. At least one mud channel 21 is reserved on the drill collar 1 for guiding drilling fluid from the surface to the drill bit. The protruding anti-abrasion cover plate 18 can enable the receiving detector to be better attached to the well wall, actual measurement data are more accurate, the righting anti-abrasion cover plate 22 on the back can play an auxiliary role, and the anti-abrasion cover plate can be selectively used in the actual construction process.
Fig. 4 shows a schematic control flow diagram of signal receiving, processing, collecting and storing of the device. After the power control circuit 13 starts to be powered on, the FPGA26 is powered on under the action of the bus isolation controller 27 and the modem 28, after the initialization operation is completed, the output signal of the front detector assembly under the action of the high-voltage control circuit 7 passes through the pulse conditioning circuit 23, mainly completes the amplification, filtering, baseline restoration, threshold control and the like of the signal, outputs a signal meeting the requirement, and after passing through the peak detection circuit 24 and the AD conversion circuit 25, the signal and the azimuth measurement signal 10 are sent to the FPGA26 together with the gap measurement signal 11 for processing and data compression, and then sent to the memory 29. Data to be uploaded is converted into specific signals by the modem 28 and sent to the surface system via the bus signal 30 under the action of the bus isolation controller 27.