CN111663699A - Cable clamp and bidirectional orthogonal cable net - Google Patents
Cable clamp and bidirectional orthogonal cable net Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN111663699A CN111663699A CN202010446877.9A CN202010446877A CN111663699A CN 111663699 A CN111663699 A CN 111663699A CN 202010446877 A CN202010446877 A CN 202010446877A CN 111663699 A CN111663699 A CN 111663699A
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- cable
- mounting arm
- wind
- cable clamp
- bearing
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B7/00—Roofs; Roof construction with regard to insulation
- E04B7/14—Suspended roofs
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
- E04B1/24—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of metal
- E04B1/2403—Connection details of the elongated load-supporting parts
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/38—Connections for building structures in general
- E04B1/58—Connections for building structures in general of bar-shaped building elements
- E04B1/5825—Connections for building structures in general of bar-shaped building elements with a closed cross-section
- E04B1/5837—Connections for building structures in general of bar-shaped building elements with a closed cross-section of substantially circular form
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
- E04B1/24—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of metal
- E04B1/2403—Connection details of the elongated load-supporting parts
- E04B2001/2406—Connection nodes
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Installation Of Indoor Wiring (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a cable clamp and a bidirectional orthogonal cable net, wherein the cable clamp is arranged at a node of the bidirectional orthogonal cable net and comprises a cable clamp main body, and the cable clamp main body is provided with a wind-resistant cable mounting arm and a bearing cable mounting arm which are integrally formed and arranged at an included angle; two ends of the upper surface of the wind-resistant cable mounting arm are respectively provided with a longitudinal groove; two ends of the lower surface of the bearing cable mounting arm are respectively provided with a transverse groove; the notches of the longitudinal grooves and the notches of the transverse grooves are correspondingly provided with cover plates which are detachably connected, the cover plates are provided with accommodating grooves, and the accommodating grooves are used for forming cable placing channels with the longitudinal grooves or the transverse grooves so as to position and install wind resisting cables or bearing cables. The cable clamp is arranged at the node of the bidirectional orthogonal cable net, and two ends of a wind-resistant cable mounting arm of the cable clamp are respectively fixed with a wind-resistant cable; two ends of the bearing cable mounting arm are respectively fixed with a bearing cable. The cable clamp provided by the invention has the advantages of compact structure, light weight, convenience in installation and good anti-sliding capability of the bidirectional orthogonal cable net.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of constructional engineering, and particularly relates to a cable clamp and a bidirectional orthogonal cable net.
Background
The cable net structure is a main structure of a roof and is a net-shaped flexible steel structure consisting of two-way steel cables (wind cables and bearing cables). The bidirectional is two directions, taking a bidirectional orthogonal cable net as an example, the bidirectional is that the cables in the two directions are orthogonal to each other; besides the bidirectional orthogonal cable net, the cable net also has a parallel double-cable system, namely two cables which are parallel to each other are arranged at the same axial position. When the double-cable system works, the wind-catching cables are arranged on the upper surface, the wind-catching cables exert force downwards after prestress is exerted, the bearing cables are arranged under the lower surface, the bearing cables exert force upwards after the prestress is exerted, the upward and downward actions enable the cable net to be balanced in situ, when the cable net structure bears downward load, the bearing cables play a main role in resisting downward deformation, and when the cable net structure bears upward load such as wind suction, the wind-resisting cables play a main role in resisting upward deformation. The two-way steel cable has opposite curvature, and the steel cable is a one-way stressed component only bearing tension and can play a role in supporting the structure only when tension is applied; the cable is fixed to a peripheral rigid or flexible support member for receiving the action of the cable tension.
In order to avoid the problem that main cable strands in a cable net structure slide when being contracted and deformed, the main cable strands are often clamped by cable clamps in the construction process, the conventional cable clamps are mostly composed of two cast steel semicircular components, and during installation, each pair of semicircular cable clamps are firstly installed on the main cable and then are butted by high-strength bolts to form a cable clamp node. The cable clamp is suitable for semi-parallel steel wire bundle inhaul cables or high-vanadium cables (a cable body is formed by spirally twisting at least two layers of steel wires around a central round steel wire, a combined strand or a parallel twisted strand, and the surfaces of the steel wires are provided with zinc-aluminum-5% rare earth alloy coating, so that the cable clamp has good corrosion resistance, and the high-vanadium cables are increasingly selected to replace the original semi-parallel steel wire bundle inhaul cables in the buildings at home and abroad at present).
However, with the improvement of the requirement of people on the performance of the cable net structure, some building roofs such as gymnasium roofs can adopt a high-vanadium closed cable to manufacture the cable net structure, and different from the high-vanadium cable, the periphery of a steel cable of the high-vanadium closed cable adopts non-circular steel wires, such as z-shaped steel wire rings, which are buckled with each other to form a closed cable shell, and the cable shell can prevent water and air from entering the cable body to further cause corrosion inside the cable body, so that the cable net structure has better corrosion resistance; meanwhile, as the z-shaped steel wire (shown in figure 1) is adopted, the outer surface of the inhaul cable is smoother, the smooth surface enables a larger contact area to be formed between the closed cable net structure and the cable clamp, and when the inhaul cable bears the same sliding force, the closed inhaul cable clamp needs a smaller clamping area because the closed inhaul cable clamp can bear larger uniformly distributed pressure; in addition, because the site is paved with the guy cable during the site construction, and the heavy equipment such as a crane is inconvenient to move, the structure of the existing cable clamp needs to be optimized in order to facilitate the workers to move and install the cable clamp, so as to facilitate the site construction. In addition, some buildings need to design a double-layer roof system, namely, a suspended ceiling is arranged under a conventional building roof, or an owner needs to provide a requirement that an uncertain hanging object needs to be added under a roof in a use stage, so that a cable clamp capable of meeting a novel roof system needs to be provided urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provides a cable clamp and a bidirectional orthogonal cable net, wherein the cable clamp is compact in structure, light in weight and convenient to install, and the bidirectional orthogonal cable net is good in sliding resistance.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a cable clamp is arranged at a node of a bidirectional orthogonal cable net and comprises a cable clamp main body, wherein the cable clamp main body is provided with a wind-resistant cable mounting arm and a bearing cable mounting arm which are integrally formed and arranged at included angles;
longitudinal grooves are respectively formed in two ends of the upper surface of the wind-resistant cable mounting arm;
two ends of the lower surface of the bearing cable mounting arm are respectively provided with a transverse groove;
the cable-laying device is characterized in that cover plates detachably connected are correspondingly arranged at the notches of the longitudinal groove and the transverse groove, each cover plate is provided with a containing groove, and the containing grooves are used for forming cable-laying channels with the longitudinal groove or the transverse groove so as to position and install wind-resistant cables or bearing cables.
As an implementable manner, the cable clamp is cross-shaped, and the wind-resistant cable mounting arm and the bearing cable mounting arm are perpendicular to each other.
As an implementation mode, a roof purlin supporting plate is arranged at the intersection of the wind-resistant cable mounting arm and the bearing cable mounting arm, and the roof purlin supporting plate is welded or integrally formed on the upper surface of the cable clamp main body.
As an implementable mode, the roof purlin supporting plate is H-shaped, and two side walls of the roof purlin supporting plate are arranged in parallel to the transverse grooves.
As an implementation manner, a connection ear plate is disposed at a junction of the wind-resistant cable mounting arm and the bearing cable mounting arm, and the connection ear plate is welded or integrally formed on a lower surface of the cable clamp main body.
As a practical way, stiffening plates are arranged on two sides of the connecting ear plate.
As an implementation mode, the cover plate is provided with a plurality of mounting holes respectively distributed on two sides of the accommodating groove, each mounting hole is internally provided with a fastening bolt, and the cover plate is fixed on the cable clamp main body through the fastening bolt.
As an implementation mode, a flexible protective layer is arranged on the inner wall of the cable releasing channel. Preferably, the flexible protective layer is a zinc powder layer, a zinc skin or an aluminum skin.
A cable clamp is arranged at a node of a bidirectional orthogonal cable net, and two ends of a wind-resistant cable mounting arm of the cable clamp are respectively fixed with a wind-resistant cable; and two ends of the bearing cable mounting arm are respectively fixed with a bearing cable.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the cable clamp provided by the invention mainly comprises two parts, namely a cable clamp main body and a cover plate, wherein the cable clamp main body is formed by integrally and crossly forming a wind-resistant cable mounting arm and a bearing cable mounting arm, so that the cable clamp is convenient to move when workers construct, the distribution form of the mounting arms is also convenient to manually operate, and the integral crossly forming of the wind-resistant cable mounting arm and the bearing cable mounting arm ensures that the cable clamp has a compact structure, light weight and good anti-sliding capability; only the cover plate needs to be disassembled during installation, so that the installation is convenient; in addition, because the shapes of the wind-resistant cable and the bearing cable are fixed in actual production, the cover plate can be produced in batch, and the production process is simplified. The transverse direction and the longitudinal direction referred to in this application are relative relationships, and are not particularly limited, and both the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction correspond to the radial direction of the mounting arms (the wind-resistant cable mounting arm and the load-bearing cable mounting arm).
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a cable clamp node according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view C-C of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view D-D of FIG. 1;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a cover plate according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1. a cable clamp body; 11. a wind resistant cable mounting arm; 12. a bearing cable mounting arm; 13. a longitudinal slot; 14. a transverse slot; 2. a cover plate; 21. a containing groove; 22. mounting holes; 23. fastening a bolt; 3. an anti-wind cable; 4. a load bearing cable; 5. a roof purlin pallet; 6. connecting the ear plates; 61. a stiffening plate; 62. a pin hole.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
In addition, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1-3, the invention provides a cable clamp, which is used for being arranged at a node of a bidirectional orthogonal cable net and comprises a cable clamp main body 1, wherein the cable clamp main body 1 is provided with a wind resisting cable mounting arm 11 and a bearing cable mounting arm 12 which are integrally formed and arranged at an included angle; longitudinal grooves 13 are respectively formed at two ends of the upper surface of the wind-resistant cable mounting arm 11; two ends of the lower surface of the bearing cable mounting arm 12 are respectively provided with a transverse groove 14; the notches of the longitudinal grooves 13 and the notches of the transverse grooves 14 are correspondingly provided with cover plates 2 which are detachably connected, each cover plate 2 is provided with a containing groove 21, and the containing grooves 21 are used for forming cable containing channels with the longitudinal grooves 13 or the transverse grooves 14 so as to position and install the wind-resistant cables 3 or the bearing cables 4.
The transverse direction and the longitudinal direction are relative relations and are not specifically limited, wherein the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction both correspond to the radial direction of the installation arms (the wind resisting cable installation arm 11 and the bearing cable installation arm 12), the cable clamp mainly comprises two parts, namely a cable clamp body 1 and a cover plate 2, wherein the cable clamp body 1 is formed by integrally and crosswise forming the wind resisting cable installation arm 11 and the bearing cable installation arm 12, so that the arrangement is convenient for workers to move the cable clamp during construction, the distribution form of the installation arms is also convenient for manual operation, and the integrally and crosswise formed arrangement of the wind resisting cable installation arm 11 and the bearing cable installation arm 12 ensures that the cable clamp has a compact structure, light weight and good anti-sliding capability; only the cover plate 2 needs to be disassembled during installation, so that the installation is convenient; in addition, because the shapes of the wind resisting cables 3 and the bearing cables 4 are fixed in actual production, the cover plate 2 can be produced in batch, and the production process is simplified.
Referring to fig. 1, considering that most existing stadium roofs adopt bidirectional orthogonal cable nets, that is, cables in two directions are perpendicular and orthogonal to each other, in the present application, the cable clamp body 1 is set to be cross-shaped, and the wind-resistant cable mounting arm 11 and the bearing cable mounting arm 12 are perpendicular and orthogonal to each other, so as to correspondingly mount two adjacent wind-resistant cables 3 and two adjacent bearing cables 4, although the angle between the wind-resistant cable mounting arm 11 and the bearing cable mounting arm 12 may be other, specifically determined according to the cable included angle in the two directions in the cable nets. In the present application, the cable clamp body can be formed by casting or machining or a combination of the two, and the cable-releasing passage (the longitudinal groove 13, the transverse groove 14 and the accommodating groove 21) is preferably machined. The longitudinal groove 13, the transverse groove 14 and the accommodating groove 21 can be linear grooves or arc-shaped grooves matched with the corners of the inhaul cable, and chamfers are arranged at the starting and ending positions of the cable releasing channel (the longitudinal groove 13, the transverse groove 14 and the accommodating groove 21) to prevent the inhaul cable from damaging steel wires (the windproof cable 3 and the bearing cable 4) when rotating relative to the cable clamp; it is preferable to provide a flexible protective layer in the cable-laying channel (the longitudinal groove 13, the transverse groove 14 and the accommodating groove 21), the flexible protective layer may be a zinc powder layer, or a flexible material such as an outer zinc coating or an aluminum coating, and certainly not limited to the material, as long as the flexible protective layer has the function of increasing the contact area between the cable clamp and the cable, and avoiding damaging the cable clamp body 1.
In order to increase the universality of the application, the roof purlin supporting plate 5 can be arranged at the intersection of the wind-resistant cable mounting arm 11 and the bearing cable mounting arm 12, and in order to increase the stress stability, the roof purlin supporting plate 5 can be welded or integrally formed on the upper surface of the cable clamp main body 1. Certainly also can be with roofing purlin layer board 5 detachable setting on cable clamp main part 1, when the cable clamp need connect roofing construction system, installation roofing purlin layer board 5, if not, then tear open can. The shape of the roof purlin supporting plate 5 is preferably set to be H-shaped, so that the bearing capacity of the roof purlin supporting plate 5 on an upper layer of roof is increased, the height of the roof purlin supporting plate 5 is determined according to specific roof design, and the two side walls of the H-shaped roof purlin supporting plate 5 are preferably arranged in parallel to the transverse grooves 14 and correspond to the bearing ropes 4 arranged below the rope clamp main body 1, so that the stability of the rope clamp is further increased.
Similarly, please refer to fig. 2-3, a connection ear plate 6 may be further disposed at the intersection of the wind-resistant cable mounting arm 11 and the bearing cable mounting arm 12, the connection ear plate 6 is welded or integrally formed on the lower surface of the cable clamp body 1, and a pin hole 62 is formed in the connection ear plate 6, so as to meet the requirement of an owner on installing an uncertain hanging object under a roof in the using stage, meet the design requirement of a novel roof system, and in order to resist lateral force, stiffening plates 61 may be further disposed on both sides of the connection ear plate 6.
In the present application, please refer to fig. 2-4, a plurality of mounting holes 22 are formed in the cover plate 2, and are respectively distributed on two sides of the accommodating groove 21, a fastening bolt 23 is arranged in each mounting hole 22, and the cover plate 2 is fixed on the cable clamp body 1 through the fastening bolt 23. In the specific using process, firstly, a worker moves the cable clamp body 1 to a specified position, then two adjacent wind-resistant cables 3 are respectively placed in the longitudinal grooves 13 at two ends of the wind-resistant cable mounting arm 11, two adjacent bearing cables 4 are respectively placed in the transverse grooves 14 at two ends of the bearing cable mounting arm 12, then four cover plates 2 are respectively placed corresponding to the two longitudinal grooves 13 and the two transverse grooves 14, and the wind-resistant cables 3 and the bearing cables 4 are fastened in cable placing channels in the accommodating grooves 21, the longitudinal grooves 13 or the transverse grooves 14 through fastening bolts 23 on the cover plates 2.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 1-3, a cable clamp is disposed at a node of the bidirectional orthogonal cable net, and two ends of a wind-resistant cable mounting arm 11 of the cable clamp are respectively fixed with a wind-resistant cable 3; two ends of the bearing cable mounting arm 12 are respectively fixed with a bearing cable 4. Be provided with this application the two-way quadrature cable net anti sliding ability of cable clamp good, simple to operate.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (9)
1. A cable clamp is characterized by being arranged at a node of a bidirectional orthogonal cable net and comprising a cable clamp body, wherein the cable clamp body is provided with a wind resisting cable mounting arm and a bearing cable mounting arm which are integrally formed and arranged at included angles;
longitudinal grooves are respectively formed in two ends of the upper surface of the wind-resistant cable mounting arm;
two ends of the lower surface of the bearing cable mounting arm are respectively provided with a transverse groove;
the cable-laying device is characterized in that cover plates detachably connected are correspondingly arranged at the notches of the longitudinal groove and the transverse groove, each cover plate is provided with a containing groove, and the containing grooves are used for forming cable-laying channels with the longitudinal groove or the transverse groove so as to position and install wind-resistant cables or bearing cables.
2. The cable clamp of claim 1, wherein the cable clamp is cross-shaped, and the wind resistant cable mounting arm and the load bearing cable mounting arm are perpendicular.
3. The cable clamp according to claim 1, wherein a roof purlin supporting plate is arranged at the junction of the wind-resistant cable mounting arm and the bearing cable mounting arm, and the roof purlin supporting plate is welded or integrally formed on the upper surface of the cable clamp main body.
4. The cable clamp of claim 3, wherein the roof purlin pallet is H-shaped, and wherein two side walls of the roof purlin pallet are arranged parallel to the transverse grooves.
5. The cable clamp of claim 1, wherein a connecting ear plate is provided at the intersection of the wind-resistant cable mounting arm and the load-bearing cable mounting arm, and the connecting ear plate is welded or integrally formed on the lower surface of the cable clamp body.
6. The cable clamp of claim 1 wherein stiffening plates are provided on both sides of the connecting lug plate.
7. The cable clamp according to claim 1, wherein the cover plate has a plurality of mounting holes respectively disposed on two sides of the receiving groove, each mounting hole has a fastening bolt, and the cover plate is fixed to the cable clamp body by the fastening bolt.
8. The cable clamp of claim 1, wherein a flexible protective layer is provided on an inner wall of the cable-releasing passage.
9. A bidirectional orthogonal cable net, characterized in that a cable clamp according to any one of claims 1-8 is arranged at a node of the bidirectional orthogonal cable net, and two ends of a wind-resistant cable mounting arm of the cable clamp are respectively fixed with a wind-resistant cable; and two ends of the bearing cable mounting arm are respectively fixed with a bearing cable.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CN202010446877.9A CN111663699A (en) | 2020-05-25 | 2020-05-25 | Cable clamp and bidirectional orthogonal cable net |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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CN202010446877.9A CN111663699A (en) | 2020-05-25 | 2020-05-25 | Cable clamp and bidirectional orthogonal cable net |
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CN111663699A true CN111663699A (en) | 2020-09-15 |
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CN202010446877.9A Pending CN111663699A (en) | 2020-05-25 | 2020-05-25 | Cable clamp and bidirectional orthogonal cable net |
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN113187159A (en) * | 2021-03-25 | 2021-07-30 | 广东省建筑设计研究院有限公司 | Metal roof board reinforcing anti-wind presss from both sides system |
CN114250907A (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2022-03-29 | 中建科工集团有限公司 | Beam string structure |
CN117145116A (en) * | 2023-10-31 | 2023-12-01 | 中国建筑设计研究院有限公司 | Vertical self-balancing hyperboloid cable net curtain wall supporting system |
-
2020
- 2020-05-25 CN CN202010446877.9A patent/CN111663699A/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN113187159A (en) * | 2021-03-25 | 2021-07-30 | 广东省建筑设计研究院有限公司 | Metal roof board reinforcing anti-wind presss from both sides system |
CN114250907A (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2022-03-29 | 中建科工集团有限公司 | Beam string structure |
CN117145116A (en) * | 2023-10-31 | 2023-12-01 | 中国建筑设计研究院有限公司 | Vertical self-balancing hyperboloid cable net curtain wall supporting system |
CN117145116B (en) * | 2023-10-31 | 2024-02-20 | 中国建筑设计研究院有限公司 | Vertical self-balancing hyperboloid cable net curtain wall supporting system |
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