CN111662020B - High-performance lightweight concrete and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

High-performance lightweight concrete and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN111662020B
CN111662020B CN202010517401.XA CN202010517401A CN111662020B CN 111662020 B CN111662020 B CN 111662020B CN 202010517401 A CN202010517401 A CN 202010517401A CN 111662020 B CN111662020 B CN 111662020B
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slag
cyanide
lightweight concrete
cementing material
waste
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CN111662020A (en
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王长龙
叶鹏飞
张亚鹏
张凯帆
高颖
霍泽坤
李军
尹艺臻
任真真
王绍熙
赵高飞
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Tianjin Tianxing Fuda Technology Co ltd
Hebei University of Engineering
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Tianjin Tianxing Fuda Technology Co ltd
Hebei University of Engineering
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B7/00—Hydraulic cements
    • C04B7/14—Cements containing slag
    • C04B7/147—Metallurgical slag
    • C04B7/153—Mixtures thereof with other inorganic cementitious materials or other activators
    • C04B7/21—Mixtures thereof with other inorganic cementitious materials or other activators with calcium sulfate containing activators
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B7/00—Hydraulic cements
    • C04B7/24—Cements from oil shales, residues or waste other than slag
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/40—Porous or lightweight materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
    • C04B2201/20—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the density
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
    • C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
    • Y02P40/10—Production of cement, e.g. improving or optimising the production methods; Cement grinding

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides high-performance lightweight concrete and a preparation method thereof, wherein the high-performance lightweight concrete is prepared from a composite cementing material and solid waste ceramsite, and the composite cementing material is prepared from copper tailings, steel slag, cyanide slag, aerated concrete waste, desulfurized gypsum, carbide slag and sugarcane fibers by pretreating and fully stirring. Finally obtaining the product with the apparent density of 1100-1500 kg.m‑3The 28D compressive strength is 70-80 MPa, the 28D electric flux is 1000-1200C, and the frost resistance grade is D250-D300. The high-performance lightweight concrete prepared by the invention has the waste utilization rate of more than 90 percent, the cyanide curing rate of 60-80 percent, the characteristics of environmental protection, energy conservation and cyclic utilization are embodied to the maximum extent, and a new scheme is provided for the efficient utilization of a large amount of solid wastes.

Description

High-performance lightweight concrete and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of building materials, in particular to high-performance lightweight concrete and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In recent years, the development of mineral resources in China is continuously increased, the industrial development makes unprecedented progress, and the generation of a large amount of industrial solid wastes such as copper tailings, steel slag, cyanide slag and the like follows.
The copper tailings refer to solid waste which is low in content of useful components generated in the beneficiation process of the copper mine and is not suitable for further separation under the current technical and economic conditions. In 2018, the copper content of the copper concentrate in China is 165.64 ten thousand tons, and the copper content is increased by 7.74 percent on a same scale. Through measurement and calculation, the yield of the copper tailings in China in 2018 is about 3.31 hundred million tons, and the utilization rate is about 16%. The steel slag is a melt discharged in the steel making process, and the produced steel slag comprises converter steel slag, electric furnace steel slag, refining slag, pretreatment slag, casting residue and the like according to different steel making processes. In 2018, the yield of pig iron and crude steel in the whole country is increasing. Wherein the pig iron yield in whole year in China is 71075.9 ten thousand tons, and the pig iron yield is increased by 1.43 percent on a par; the yield of the crude steel is 83172.8 ten thousand tons, and the yield is increased by 2.89 percent. According to measurement and calculation, about 16634.56 ten thousand tons of steel slag are produced in 2018 nationwide, and the comprehensive utilization rate is less than 40%. At present, the comprehensive utilization mode of tailings in China mainly comprises accumulation and filling of underground mined-out areas. The waste is discharged disorderly and purposelessly, which not only causes harm to the environment and the physical and mental health of people, but also is a waste of resources.
The cyaniding slag is waste slag discharged after gold smelting, and in 2018, when 426.142 tons of gold are produced in domestic cumulation, a large amount of cyaniding slag is produced in succession every year, and the large amount of cyaniding slag not only occupies a large amount of cultivated land, but also pollutes the environment. The cyanide slag contains virulent cyanides, sulfides and the like, and toxic gas or acidic water is generated after long-term storage, thereby causing serious harm to underground water or ecological environment.
How to effectively utilize copper tailings and cyanide slag, change waste into valuable, greatly reduce environmental pollution and realize great economic benefit and social benefit, and the technical problem is urgently solved by people.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides high-performance lightweight concrete and a preparation method thereof, which can effectively utilize copper tailings and cyanide slag, change waste into valuable, greatly reduce environmental pollution and realize great economic benefit and social benefit.
The high-performance lightweight concrete is prepared from a composite cementing material and solid waste ceramsite, wherein the composite cementing material is prepared from copper tailings, steel slag, cyanide slag, aerated concrete waste, desulfurized gypsum, carbide slag and sugarcane fibers by pretreating and fully stirring.
Further, the composite cementing material is composed of the following substances in percentage by mass: 30-50% of copper tailings, 5-15% of steel slag, 5-15% of cyanide slag, 10-20% of aerated concrete waste, 5-10% of carbide slag, 5-10% of desulfurized gypsum and 5-10% of sugarcane fibers; the mass ratio of the solid waste ceramsite to the composite cementing material is 65-80%: 20 to 35 percent.
The invention also comprises a preparation method of the high-performance lightweight concrete, which comprises the following steps:
S1, pretreating copper tailings, steel slag, cyanide slag, aerated concrete waste, desulfurized gypsum, carbide slag and sugarcane fibers;
s2, mixing and fully stirring the pretreated materials to obtain a composite cementing material;
s3, drying the solid waste ceramsite to serve as aggregate;
s4, mixing the composite cementing material and the aggregate to obtain a mixture; adding a proper amount of water and the bean curd wastewater after cold storage and filtration into the mixture to obtain mixed slurry; and pouring, demolding and standard curing the mixed slurry to obtain the high-performance lightweight concrete product.
Further, the preprocessing in step S1 is: grinding the copper tailings until the specific surface area is 400-800 m2Per kg; mixing and grinding steel slag and cyanide slag until the specific surface area is 400-800 m2Per kg; the waste material of the aerated concrete is crushed to<2mm, and then grinding the mixture until the specific surface area is 300-500 m2Per kg; grinding the desulfurized gypsum powder to the specific surface area of 400-600 m2Per kg; the copper tailings, the steel slag, the cyanide slag, the aerated concrete waste, the desulfurized gypsum and the aerated concrete waste are dried until the water content is less than 0.1 percent before being ground; calcining the carbide slag at 700-1000 ℃, naturally cooling, and grinding to obtain powder with the specific surface area of 300-500 m 2Per kg; drying the sugarcane fibers until the water content is less than 0.1%; the drying temperature of the sugarcane fibers is 80-110 ℃.
Further, in the step S2, the horizontal vibration concrete mixer is used for fully mixing, the mixing speed is 48r/min, the mixing time is 10-20 min, and the mixing is carried out until the length of the sugarcane fibers is 0.1-2 cm.
Further, the particle size of the solid waste ceramsite in the step S3 is 5-20 mm; drying until the water content is less than 0.1%; the drying temperature is 80-110 ℃.
Further, the mass of the water in the step S4 is 3-5% of the mass of the composite cementing material; refrigerating the bean curd wastewater at 4-10 ℃, and then filtering out residues, wherein the using amount of the residues is 5-20% of the mass of water; adjusting the dosage of the water and the bean curd wastewater to ensure that the pH value of the mixed slurry is 7-12.
Further, the standard curing conditions in step S4 are: the temperature is 20 +/-2 ℃, the humidity is more than or equal to 95 percent, and the curing is carried out for 28 days.
Optionally, the performance indexes of the solid waste ceramsite are as follows: the cylinder pressure strength is 7 to 10MPa, and the bulk density is 1020 to 1070kg/m3The porosity is 40-50%, and the water absorption is 7-12%.
Optionally, the main chemical components of the copper tailings are as follows: SiO 2240～70％，Al2O35～15％，Fe2O31～8％。
Optionally, the main part of steel slagThe chemical components are as follows: SiO 2210～30％，Al2O31～15％，Fe2O310～30％，CaO 20～60％。
Optionally, the cyaniding slag comprises the following main chemical components: 30-60% of TFe and SiO 210～30％，Al2O31～10％，SO31～10％，CaO 1～5％。
Optionally, the aerated concrete waste comprises the following main chemical components: SiO 2230～60％，CaO 20～40％，Al2O33～8％，Fe2O33～6％，FeO 2～7％。
Optionally, the main chemical components of the desulfurized gypsum are as follows: SiO 221～5％，SO330～60％，CaO20～60％，Al2O31～5％。
Optionally, the carbide slag mainly comprises the following chemical components: 60-80% of CaO and SiO21～5％，Al2O31 to 5 percent. In the invention, copper tailings, steel slag, cyanide slag, aerated concrete waste and carbide slag are solid wastes, which threatens environmental pollution; the desulfurized gypsum is a byproduct obtained by adopting the technology of recovering sulfur dioxide in the flue gas of coal or oil by lime-limestone; sugarcane is an annual or perennial root tropical and subtropical herbaceous plant, and the largest producing countries in the world that produce sugarcane in more than 100 countries are brazil, india and china. Bagasse is a waste of sucrose industry, belongs to agricultural solid waste, and is mainly used for fuel of boilers of sugar mills, farmyard compost, feed production of livestock and the like. The bagasse is extracted with chopped fibers and subjected to alkali treatment, so that the toughness and the interface cohesiveness of the bagasse can be greatly improved, and the method is an excellent choice for preparing concrete.
The ceramsite is oval or round granules which are formed by high-temperature roasting and expanding, and is a lightweight aggregate which is widely applied. The ceramsite has the advantages of small density, more internal pores, certain strength, corrosion resistance, frost resistance, shock resistance, sound insulation and the like. The concrete is prepared by using the solid waste ceramsite as the aggregate, so that the excellent performance of the ceramsite can be exerted, the solid waste can be utilized in a large scale, and the national green development requirement can be met.
The high-performance lightweight concrete prepared by the invention is a novel building material, is produced by adopting conventional materials and processes, has various mechanical properties required by a concrete structure, and is high-durability, high-workability, high-volume stability and low-density concrete. The high-performance lightweight concrete is prepared from industrial and agricultural solid wastes such as copper tailings, steel slag, cyanide slag, sugarcane fibers and solid waste ceramsite, so that the resource utilization of the solid wastes is realized, the preparation cost of the concrete is reduced, and the high added value utilization of the solid wastes is realized.
Compared with the prior art, the invention can obtain the following technical effects:
1) the invention relates to a method for preparing high-performance lightweight concrete by curing cyanide ions, which selects copper tailings, steel slag and cyanide slag as main raw materials. Cyanide slag contains virulent cyanide ions, carbide slag is added into the system to adjust the pH value to 7-12, and Fe is used3+、Fe2+The catalyst converts the solidified cyanide ions into precipitates which are absorbed by tiny gaps in the aerated concrete waste and the solid waste ceramsite, thereby achieving the effect of absorbing the cyanide ions. In addition, after the cementing material is hydrated, C-S-H gel and AFt are mainly generated, and the C-S-H gel and CN in the system are mainly generated -The following reactions occur: C-S-H + CN-→C-S-H-CN-. At the same time, since CN-After the addition of the calcium carbonate, the degree of crystallization of AFt becomes poor, and Ca-CN ettringite is formed in the system, so that CN-Completely solidified in the hydration product, and mutually overlapped and mutually wrapped, and finally the purpose of solidifying cyanide ions is achieved.
2) The invention adds the auxiliary materials such as desulfurized gypsum, carbide slag, bean curd waste water (after refrigeration and filtration) and the like to participate in hydration reaction to generate a large amount of hydration products such as C-S-H gel, ettringite and the like; in addition, other heavy metal ions possibly existing in the system can enter silicon-oxygen tetrahedron and aluminum-oxygen tetrahedron and are simultaneously adsorbed by C-S-H gel and ettringite, and finally the heavy metal ions are solidified.
3) The invention adds the bagasse fiber, the bagasse fiber mainly takes cellulose as main body, and the periphery of the bagasse fiber is surrounded by hemicellulose and lignin which play a role of connection. In an alkaline environment, the structure of lignin is not changed, but hemicellulose is removed by alkaline solution, fiber bundles are decomposed and refined, the fiber bundles are decomposed to be thin, and the number of micro fibers is increased. The consequence is that along with the increase of the number of the fibers, the contact area between the fibers and the base material is increased, the bonding performance between the fibers and the base material is improved, the concrete cracks are reduced, and the mechanical property of the concrete is enhanced.
4) The invention utilizes the solid wastes such as copper tailings, steel slag, cyanide slag, sugarcane fibers and the like, not only can prepare high-performance lightweight concrete meeting the national standard, but also realizes the solidification of cyanide ions, meets the requirement of green sustainable development, and provides another scheme for the resource utilization of bulk solid wastes such as copper tailings, steel slag, cyanide slag, sugarcane fibers and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of a method for preparing high-performance lightweight concrete according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following embodiments are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, so that how to implement the technical features of the present invention to solve the technical problems and achieve the technical effects can be fully understood and implemented.
The invention discloses high-performance lightweight concrete which is prepared from a composite cementing material and solid waste ceramsite, wherein the composite cementing material comprises the following substances in percentage by mass: 30-50% of copper tailings, 5-15% of steel slag, 5-15% of cyanide slag, 10-20% of aerated concrete waste, 5-10% of carbide slag, 5-10% of desulfurized gypsum and 5-10% of sugarcane fibers; the mass ratio of the solid waste ceramsite to the composite cementing material is 65-80: 20 to 35.
The invention also discloses a preparation method of the high-performance lightweight concrete, which comprises the following steps as shown in figure 1:
step 1, processing the following materials: grinding the copper tailings until the specific surface area is 400-800 m2Per kg; mixing and grinding steel slag and cyanide slag to a specific surfaceThe area is 400-800 m2Per kg; crushing the aerated concrete waste into powder by adopting a jaw crusher<2mm, and then grinding the mixture until the specific surface area is 300-500 m2Per kg; grinding the desulfurized gypsum powder to the specific surface area of 400-60 m2Per kg; drying the materials until the water content is less than 0.1 percent before grinding; calcining the carbide slag at 700-1000 ℃, naturally cooling, and grinding to obtain powder with the specific surface area of 300-500 m2Per kg; drying the sugarcane fibers until the water content is less than 0.1%; the drying temperature is 80-110 ℃; the pulverizer is an SM phi 500mm multiplied by 500mm type cement mill.
Step 2, fully stirring the materials in the step 1 by using a horizontal vibration concrete stirrer, wherein the stirring speed is 48r/min, the stirring time is 10-20 min, and stirring until the length of sugarcane fibers is 0.1-2cm to obtain a composite cementing material; the composite material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 30-50% of copper tailings, 5-15% of steel slag, 5-15% of cyanide slag, 10-20% of aerated concrete waste, 5-10% of carbide slag, 5-10% of desulfurized gypsum and 5-10% of sugarcane fiber, wherein the total mass percentage is 100%.
Step 3, drying the solid waste ceramsite with the particle size of 5-20 mm until the water content is less than 0.1% and using the dried solid waste ceramsite as aggregate; the drying temperature is 80-110 ℃.
And 4, mixing the composite cementing material and the aggregate to obtain a mixture, wherein the mixture comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 65-80% of aggregate and 20-35% of composite cementing material, wherein the total mass percentage is 100%; adding water accounting for 3-5% of the mass of the composite cementing material and refrigerated and filtered bean curd wastewater accounting for 5-20% of the mass of the water into the mixture, and adjusting the using amount of the water and the bean curd wastewater to obtain mixed slurry with the pH value of 7-12; pouring, demolding and standard curing the mixed slurry to obtain a high-performance lightweight concrete product; the refrigeration temperature of the bean curd wastewater is 4-10 ℃; the standard curing conditions are as follows: the temperature is 20 +/-2 ℃, the humidity is more than or equal to 95 percent, and the curing is carried out for 28 days.
Example 1
The high-performance lightweight concrete is prepared from a composite cementing material and solid waste ceramsite, wherein the composite cementing material comprises the following substances in percentage by mass: 30% of copper tailings, 5-15% of steel slag, 15% of cyanide slag, 10% of aerated concrete waste, 10% of carbide slag, 10% of desulfurized gypsum and 10% of sugarcane fiber; the mass ratio of the solid waste ceramsite to the composite cementing material is 65: 35.
The preparation method of the high-performance lightweight concrete comprises the following steps:
the following treatments were carried out on each material: grinding the copper tailings to the specific surface area of 400m2Per kg; mixing and grinding the steel slag and the cyanide slag until the specific surface area is 400m2Per kg; crushing the aerated concrete waste into powder by adopting a jaw crusher<2mm, then grinding to a specific surface area of 300m2Per kg; grinding the desulfurized gypsum powder to the specific surface area of 400m2Per kg; drying the materials until the water content is less than 0.1 percent before grinding; calcining carbide slag at 700 deg.C, naturally cooling, and grinding to specific surface area of 500m2Per kg; drying the sugarcane fibers until the water content is less than 0.1%; the drying temperature is 110 ℃; the pulverizer is an SM phi 500mm multiplied by 500mm type cement mill.
Mixing the materials, and then fully stirring the materials by using a horizontal vibration concrete stirrer at a stirring speed of 48r/min for 10-20 min until the length of sugarcane fibers is 0.1-2cm to obtain a composite cementing material; the composite material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 30% of copper tailings, 15% of steel slag, 15% of cyanide slag, 10% of aerated concrete waste, 10% of carbide slag, 10% of desulfurized gypsum and 10% of sugarcane fiber, wherein the total mass percentage is 100%.
Drying solid waste ceramsite with the particle size of 5-20 mm until the water content is less than 0.1% and using the dried solid waste ceramsite as aggregate; the drying temperature is 110 ℃.
Mixing the composite cementing material and the aggregate to obtain a mixture, wherein the mixture comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 65% of aggregate and 35% of composite cementing material, wherein the total mass percentage is 100%; adding water accounting for 5% of the mass of the composite cementing material and bean curd wastewater accounting for 20% of the mass of the water (after refrigeration and filtration) into the mixture, and adjusting the using amounts of the water and the bean curd wastewater to obtain mixed slurry with the pH value of 12; pouring, demolding and standard curing the mixed slurry to obtain a high-performance lightweight concrete product; the refrigeration temperature of the bean curd wastewater is 4 ℃; the standard curing conditions are as follows: the temperature is 20 +/-2 ℃, the humidity is more than or equal to 95 percent, and the curing is carried out for 28 days.
The cyanide content was measured according to HJ484-2009, volumetric and spectrophotometric determination of cyanide Water quality. Soaking cyanide residues in water (25 ℃) for 24 hours, and measuring the content of cyanide as an initial value; and (3) crushing the high-performance light concrete cured for 28 days, placing the crushed concrete in water (25 ℃) for soaking for 24 hours, measuring the cyanide dissolution value, and calculating to obtain the cyanide curing rate. The performance indexes and the cyanide curing rates of the high-performance lightweight concrete obtained in example 1 are shown in tables 1-1 and 1-2:
TABLE 1-1 Performance index of high Performance lightweight concrete prepared in example 1
Figure BDA0002530612140000071
Tables 1-2 cyanide Cure rates for high Performance light weight concrete prepared in example 1
Initial value/mg. ml-1 Dissolution value/mg/ml-1 Percent curing/%)
1.06 0.35 67.0
Example 2
The high-performance lightweight concrete is prepared from a composite cementing material and solid waste ceramsite, wherein the composite cementing material comprises the following substances in percentage by mass: 40% of copper tailings, 15% of steel slag, 15% of cyanide slag, 15% of aerated concrete waste, 5% of carbide slag, 5% of desulfurized gypsum and 5% of sugarcane fiber; the mass ratio of the solid waste ceramsite to the composite cementing material is 70: 30.
the preparation method of the high-performance lightweight concrete comprises the following steps:
the following treatments were carried out on each material: grinding the copper tailings to the specific surface area of 500m2Per kg; mixing and grinding the steel slag and the cyanide slag until the specific surface area is 500m2Per kg; crushing the aerated concrete waste into powder by adopting a jaw crusher<2mm, then grinding to 400m of specific surface area2Per kg; grinding the desulfurized gypsum powder to the specific surface area of 500m2Per kg; drying the materials until the water content is less than 0.1 percent before grinding; calcining carbide slag at 1000 deg.C, naturally cooling, and grinding to specific surface area of 400m 2Per kg; drying the sugarcane fibers until the water content is less than 0.1%; the drying temperature is 110 ℃; the pulverizer is an SM phi 500mm multiplied by 500mm type cement mill.
Mixing the materials, and then fully stirring the materials by using a horizontal vibration concrete stirrer at a stirring speed of 48r/min for 10-20 min until the length of sugarcane fibers is 0.1-2cm to obtain a composite cementing material; the composite material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 40% of copper tailings, 15% of steel slag, 15% of cyanide slag, 15% of aerated concrete waste, 5% of carbide slag, 5% of desulfurized gypsum and 5% of sugarcane fiber, wherein the total mass percentage is 100%.
Drying solid waste ceramsite with the particle size of 5-20 mm until the water content is less than 0.1% and using the dried solid waste ceramsite as aggregate; the drying temperature is 110 ℃.
Mixing the composite cementing material and the aggregate to obtain a mixture, wherein the mixture comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 70% of aggregate and 30% of composite cementing material, wherein the total mass percentage is 100%; adding water accounting for 3% of the mass of the composite cementing material and bean curd wastewater accounting for 10% of the mass of the water (after refrigeration and filtration) into the mixture, and adjusting the using amounts of the water and the bean curd wastewater to obtain mixed slurry with the pH value of 11; pouring, demolding and standard curing the mixed slurry to obtain a high-performance lightweight concrete product; the refrigeration temperature of the bean curd wastewater is 4 ℃; the standard curing conditions are as follows: the temperature is 20 +/-2 ℃, the humidity is more than or equal to 95 percent, and the curing is carried out for 28 days.
In this embodiment, the performance indexes of the solid waste ceramsite are as follows: the cylinder pressure strength is 7 to 10MPa, and the bulk density is 1020 to 1070kg/m3The porosity is 40-50%, and the water absorption is 7-12%.
The main chemical components of the copper tailings are as follows: SiO 22 40～70％，Al2O3 5～15％，Fe2O3 1～8％。
The steel slag comprises the following main chemical components: SiO 22 10～30％，Al2O3 1～15％，Fe2O3 10～30％，CaO 20～60％。
The main chemical components of the cyanide slag are as follows: 30-60% of TFe and SiO2 10～30％，Al2O3 1～10％，SO3 1～10％，CaO 1～5％。
The main chemical components of the aerated concrete waste are as follows: SiO 22 30～60％，CaO 20～40％，Al2O3 3～8％，Fe2O3 3～6％，FeO 2～7％。
The main chemical components of the desulfurized gypsum are as follows: SiO 221～5％，SO3 30～60％，CaO 20～60％，Al2O3 1～5％。
The carbide slag comprises the following main chemical components: 60-80% of CaO and SiO2 1～5％，Al2O3 1～5％。
The cyanide content was measured according to HJ484-2009, volumetric and spectrophotometric determination of cyanide Water quality. Soaking cyanide residues in water (25 ℃) for 24 hours, and measuring the content of cyanide as an initial value; and (3) crushing the high-performance light concrete cured for 28 days, placing the crushed concrete in water (25 ℃) for soaking for 24 hours, measuring the cyanide dissolution value, and calculating to obtain the cyanide curing rate.
The performance indexes and the cyanide curing rates of the high-performance lightweight concrete obtained in example 2 are shown in tables 2-1 and 2-2:
TABLE 2-1 Performance index of high Performance lightweight concrete prepared in example 2
Figure BDA0002530612140000081
Figure BDA0002530612140000091
TABLE 2-2 cyanide Cure rates for high Performance lightweight concrete prepared in example 2
Initial value/mg. ml-1 Dissolution value/mg/ml -1 Percent curing/%)
1.12 0.38 66.1
Example 3
The high-performance lightweight concrete is prepared from a composite cementing material and solid waste ceramsite, wherein the composite cementing material comprises the following substances in percentage by mass: 50% of copper tailings, 10% of steel slag, 10% of cyanide slag, 10% of aerated concrete waste, 10% of carbide slag, 5% of desulfurized gypsum and 5% of sugarcane fiber; the mass ratio of the solid waste ceramsite to the composite cementing material is 80: 20.
the preparation method of the high-performance lightweight concrete comprises the following steps:
the following treatments were carried out on each material: grinding the copper tailings to the specific surface area of 600m2Per kg; mixing and grinding steel slag and cyanide slag until the specific surface area is 600m2Per kg; crushing the aerated concrete waste into powder by adopting a jaw crusher<2mm, then grinding to a specific surface area of 500m2Per kg; grinding the desulfurized gypsum powder to the specific surface area of 600m2Per kg; drying the materials until the water content is less than 0.1 percent before grinding; calcining carbide slag at 700 deg.C, naturally cooling, and grinding to specific surface area of 300m2Per kg; drying the sugarcane fibers until the water content is less than 0.1%; the drying temperature is 80 ℃; the pulverizer is an SM phi 500mm multiplied by 500mm type cement mill.
Mixing the materials, and then fully stirring the materials by using a horizontal vibration concrete stirrer at a stirring speed of 48r/min for 10-20 min until the length of sugarcane fibers is 0.1-2cm to obtain a composite cementing material; the composite material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 50% of copper tailings, 10% of steel slag, 10% of cyanide slag, 10% of aerated concrete waste, 10% of carbide slag, 5% of desulfurized gypsum and 5% of sugarcane fiber, wherein the total mass percentage is 100%.
Drying solid waste ceramsite with the particle size of 5-20 mm until the water content is less than 0.1% and using the dried solid waste ceramsite as aggregate; the drying temperature is 80 ℃.
Mixing the composite cementing material and the aggregate to obtain a mixture, wherein the mixture comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 80% of aggregate and 20% of composite cementing material, wherein the total mass percentage is 100%; adding water accounting for 3% of the mass of the composite cementing material and bean curd wastewater accounting for 5% of the mass of the water (after refrigeration and filtration) into the mixture, and adjusting the using amounts of the water and the bean curd wastewater to obtain mixed slurry with the pH value of 12; pouring, demolding and standard curing the mixed slurry to obtain a high-performance lightweight concrete product; the refrigeration temperature of the bean curd wastewater is 10 ℃; the standard curing conditions are as follows: the temperature is 20 +/-2 ℃, the humidity is more than or equal to 95 percent, and the curing is carried out for 28 days.
The cyanide content was measured according to HJ484-2009, volumetric and spectrophotometric determination of cyanide Water quality. Soaking cyanide residues in water (25 ℃) for 24 hours, and measuring the content of cyanide as an initial value; and (3) crushing the high-performance light concrete cured for 28 days, placing the crushed concrete in water (25 ℃) for soaking for 24 hours, measuring the cyanide dissolution value, and calculating to obtain the cyanide curing rate.
The performance indexes and the cyanide curing rates of the high-performance lightweight concrete obtained in example 3 are shown in tables 3-1 and 3-2:
TABLE 3-1 Performance index of high Performance lightweight concrete prepared in example 3
Figure BDA0002530612140000101
TABLE 3-2 cyanide Cure rates for high Performance lightweight concrete prepared in example 3
Initial value/mg. ml-1 Dissolution value/mg/ml-1 Percent curing/%)
1.30 0.29 77.7
Example 4
The high-performance lightweight concrete is prepared from a composite cementing material and solid waste ceramsite, wherein the composite cementing material comprises the following substances in percentage by mass: 45% of copper tailings, 10% of steel slag, 10% of cyanide slag, 15% of aerated concrete waste, 5% of carbide slag, 10% of desulfurized gypsum and 5% of sugarcane fiber; the mass ratio of the solid waste ceramsite to the composite cementing material is 75: 25.
the preparation method of the high-performance lightweight concrete comprises the following steps:
the following treatments were carried out on each material: grinding the copper tailings to the specific surface area of 700m2Per kg; mixing and grinding steel slag and cyanide slag until the specific surface area is 700m2Per kg; crushing the aerated concrete waste into powder by adopting a jaw crusher<2mm, then grinding to a specific surface area of 300m2Per kg; grinding the desulfurized gypsum powder to the specific surface area of 450m2Per kg; drying the materials until the water content is less than 0.1 percent before grinding; calcining carbide slag at 700 deg.C, naturally cooling, and grinding to specific surface area of 500m 2Per kg; drying the sugarcane fibers until the water content is less than 0.1%; the drying temperature is 80-110 ℃; the pulverizer is an SM phi 500mm multiplied by 500mm type cement mill.
Mixing the materials, and then fully stirring the materials by using a horizontal vibration concrete stirrer at a stirring speed of 48r/min for 10-20 min until the length of sugarcane fibers is 0.1-2cm to obtain a composite cementing material; the composite material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 45% of copper tailings, 10% of steel slag, 10% of cyanide slag, 15% of aerated concrete waste, 5% of carbide slag, 10% of desulfurized gypsum and 5% of sugarcane fiber, wherein the total mass percentage is 100%.
Drying solid waste ceramsite with the particle size of 5-20 mm until the water content is less than 0.1% and using the dried solid waste ceramsite as aggregate; the drying temperature is 110 ℃.
Mixing the composite cementing material and the aggregate to obtain a mixture, wherein the mixture comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 75% of aggregate and 25% of composite cementing material, wherein the total mass percentage is 100%; adding water accounting for 3% of the mass of the composite cementing material and bean curd wastewater accounting for 10% of the mass of the water (after refrigeration and filtration) into the mixture, and adjusting the using amounts of the water and the bean curd wastewater to obtain mixed slurry with the pH value of 9; pouring, demolding and standard curing the mixed slurry to obtain a high-performance lightweight concrete product; the refrigeration temperature of the bean curd wastewater is 4 ℃; the standard curing conditions are as follows: the temperature is 20 +/-2 ℃, the humidity is more than or equal to 95 percent, and the curing is carried out for 28 days.
Optionally, the copper-iron-based alloy is prepared from copper tailings, steel slag and carbide slagThe performance indexes of the solid waste ceramsite are as follows: the cylinder pressure strength is 7 to 10MPa, and the bulk density is 1020 to 1070kg/m3The porosity is 40-50%, and the water absorption is 7-12%.
The cyanide content was measured according to HJ484-2009, volumetric and spectrophotometric determination of cyanide Water quality. Soaking cyanide residues in water (25 ℃) for 24 hours, and measuring the content of cyanide as an initial value; and (3) crushing the high-performance light concrete cured for 28 days, placing the crushed concrete in water (25 ℃) for soaking for 24 hours, measuring the cyanide dissolution value, and calculating to obtain the cyanide curing rate.
The performance indexes and the cyanide curing rates of the high-performance lightweight concrete obtained in example 4 are shown in tables 4-1 and 4-2: TABLE 4-1 Performance index of high Performance lightweight concrete prepared in example 4
Figure BDA0002530612140000111
TABLE 4-2 cyanide Cure rates for high Performance lightweight concrete prepared in example 4
Initial value/mg. ml-1 Dissolution value/mg/ml-1 Percent curing/%)
1.21 0.32 73.6
Example 5
The high-performance lightweight concrete is prepared from a composite cementing material and solid waste ceramsite, wherein the composite cementing material comprises the following substances in percentage by mass: 40% of copper tailings, 5% of steel slag, 5% of cyanide slag, 20% of aerated concrete waste, 10% of carbide slag, 10% of desulfurized gypsum and 10% of sugarcane fiber; the mass ratio of the solid waste ceramsite to the composite cementing material is 75: 25.
The preparation method of the high-performance lightweight concrete comprises the following steps:
the following treatments were carried out on each material: grinding the copper tailings to reach the specific surface area of 800m2Per kg; mixing and grinding steel slag and cyaniding slag until the specific surface area is 800m2Per kg; crushing the aerated concrete waste into powder by adopting a jaw crusher<2mm, then grinding to a specific surface area of 500m2Per kg; grinding the desulfurized gypsum powder to the specific surface area of 550m2Per kg; drying the materials until the water content is less than 0.1 percent before grinding; calcining carbide slag at 1000 deg.C, naturally cooling, and grinding to specific surface area of 300m2Per kg; drying the sugarcane fibers until the water content is less than 0.1%; the drying temperature is 110 ℃; the pulverizer is an SM phi 500mm multiplied by 500mm type cement mill.
Mixing the materials, and then fully stirring the materials by using a horizontal vibration concrete stirrer at a stirring speed of 48r/min for 10-20 min until the length of sugarcane fibers is 0.1-2cm to obtain a composite cementing material; the composite material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 40% of copper tailings, 5% of steel slag, 5% of cyanide slag, 20% of aerated concrete waste, 10% of carbide slag, 10% of desulfurized gypsum and 10% of sugarcane fiber, wherein the total mass percentage is 100%.
Drying solid waste ceramsite with the particle size of 5-20 mm until the water content is less than 0.1% and using the dried solid waste ceramsite as aggregate; the drying temperature is 110 ℃.
Mixing the composite cementing material and the aggregate to obtain a mixture, wherein the mixture comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 75% of aggregate and 25% of composite cementing material, wherein the total mass percentage is 100%; adding water accounting for 5% of the mass of the composite cementing material and bean curd wastewater accounting for 20% of the mass of the water (after refrigeration and filtration) into the mixture, and adjusting the using amounts of the water and the bean curd wastewater to obtain mixed slurry with the pH value of 7; pouring, demolding and standard curing the mixed slurry to obtain a high-performance lightweight concrete product; the refrigeration temperature of the bean curd wastewater is 10 ℃; the standard curing conditions are as follows: the temperature is 20 +/-2 ℃, the humidity is more than or equal to 95 percent, and the curing is carried out for 28 days.
The cyanide content was measured according to HJ484-2009, volumetric and spectrophotometric determination of cyanide Water quality. Soaking cyanide residues in water (25 ℃) for 24 hours, and measuring the content of cyanide as an initial value; and (3) crushing the high-performance light concrete cured for 28 days, placing the crushed concrete in water (25 ℃) for soaking for 24 hours, measuring the cyanide dissolution value, and calculating to obtain the cyanide curing rate.
The performance indexes and the cyanide curing rates of the high-performance lightweight concrete obtained in example 5 are shown in tables 5-1 and 5-2:
TABLE 5-1 Performance index of high Performance lightweight concrete prepared in example 5
Figure BDA0002530612140000131
TABLE 5-2 cyanide Cure rates for high Performance lightweight concrete prepared in example 5
Initial value/mg. ml-1 Dissolution value/mg/ml-1 Percent curing/%)
1.12 0.35 68.8
Example 6
The high-performance lightweight concrete is prepared from a composite cementing material and solid waste ceramsite, wherein the composite cementing material comprises the following substances in percentage by mass: 35% of copper tailings, 15% of steel slag, 10% of cyanide slag, 10% of aerated concrete waste, 10% of carbide slag, 10% of desulfurized gypsum and 10% of sugarcane fiber; the mass ratio of the solid waste ceramsite to the composite cementing material is 70: 30.
the preparation method of the high-performance lightweight concrete comprises the following steps:
the following treatments were carried out on each material: grinding the copper tailings to reach the specific surface area of 800m2Per kg; mixing and grinding steel slag and cyaniding slag until the specific surface area is 800m2Per kg; crushing the aerated concrete waste into powder by adopting a jaw crusher<2mm, then grinding to a specific surface area of 500m2Per kg; grinding the desulfurized gypsum powder to the specific surface area of 600m2Per kg; drying the materials until the water content is less than 0.1 percent before grinding; calcining carbide slag at 1000 deg.C, naturally cooling, and grinding to specific surface area of 500m 2Per kg; drying the sugarcane fibers until the water content is less than 0.1%; the drying temperature is 110 ℃; the pulverizer is an SM phi 500mm multiplied by 500mm type cement mill.
Mixing the materials, and then fully stirring the materials by using a horizontal vibration concrete stirrer at a stirring speed of 48r/min for 10-20 min until the length of sugarcane fibers is 0.1-2cm to obtain a composite cementing material; the composite material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 35% of copper tailings, 15% of steel slag, 10% of cyanide slag, 10% of aerated concrete waste, 10% of carbide slag, 10% of desulfurized gypsum and 10% of sugarcane fiber, wherein the total mass percentage is 100%.
Drying solid waste ceramsite with the particle size of 5-20 mm until the water content is less than 0.1% and using the dried solid waste ceramsite as aggregate; the drying temperature is 110 ℃.
Mixing the composite cementing material and the aggregate to obtain a mixture, wherein the mixture comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 70% of aggregate and 30% of composite cementing material, wherein the total mass percentage is 100%; adding water accounting for 5% of the mass of the composite cementing material and bean curd wastewater accounting for 20% of the mass of the water (after refrigeration and filtration) into the mixture, and adjusting the using amounts of the water and the bean curd wastewater to obtain mixed slurry with the pH value of 8; pouring, demolding and standard curing the mixed slurry to obtain a high-performance lightweight concrete product; the refrigeration temperature of the bean curd wastewater is 10 ℃; the standard curing conditions are as follows: the temperature is 20 +/-2 ℃, the humidity is more than or equal to 95 percent, and the curing is carried out for 28 days.
Optionally, the performance indexes of the solid waste ceramsite prepared from the copper tailings, the steel slag and the carbide slag are as follows: the cylinder pressure strength is 7 to 10MPa, and the bulk density is 1020 to 1070kg/m3The porosity is 40-50%, and the water absorption is 7-12%.
The cyanide content was measured according to HJ484-2009, volumetric and spectrophotometric determination of cyanide Water quality. Soaking cyanide residues in water (25 ℃) for 24 hours, and measuring the content of cyanide as an initial value; and (3) crushing the high-performance light concrete cured for 28 days, placing the crushed concrete in water (25 ℃) for soaking for 24 hours, measuring the cyanide dissolution value, and calculating to obtain the cyanide curing rate.
The performance indexes and the cyanide curing rates of the high-performance lightweight concrete obtained in example 6 are shown in tables 6-1 and 6-2:
TABLE 6-1 Performance index of high Performance lightweight concrete prepared in example 6
Figure BDA0002530612140000141
TABLE 6-2 cyanide Cure rates for high Performance light weight concrete prepared in example 6
Initial value/mg. ml-1 Dissolution value/mg/ml-1 Percent curing/%)
1.02 0.21 79.4
From examples 1 to 6, it can be seen that: the high-performance light concrete prepared by using industrial and agricultural solid wastes such as copper tailings, steel slag, cyanide slag, sugarcane fibers, solid waste ceramsite and the like has the advantages of light weight, excellent compressive strength and frost resistance.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. made by those skilled in the art within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. The high-performance lightweight concrete is prepared from a composite cementing material and solid waste ceramsite, wherein the composite cementing material is prepared by pretreating copper tailings, steel slag, cyanide slag, aerated concrete waste, desulfurized gypsum, carbide slag and sugarcane fibers and fully stirring; the composite cementing material consists of the following substances in percentage by mass: 30-50% of copper tailings, 5-15% of steel slag, 5-15% of cyanide slag, 10-20% of aerated concrete waste, 5-10% of carbide slag, 5-10% of desulfurized gypsum and 5-10% of sugarcane fibers; the mass ratio of the solid waste ceramsite to the composite cementing material is 65-80%: 20-35%; the pretreatment comprises the following steps: grinding the copper tailings until the specific surface area is 400-800 m2Per kg; mixing and grinding steel slag and cyanide slag until the specific surface area is 400-800 m2Per kg; the waste material of the aerated concrete is crushed to<2 mm, and then grinding the mixture until the specific surface area is 300-500 m2Per kg; grinding the desulfurized gypsum powder to the specific surface area of 400-600 m2Per kg; the copper tailings, the steel slag, the cyanide slag, the aerated concrete waste, the desulfurized gypsum and the aerated concrete waste are dried until the water content is less than 0.1 percent before being ground; calcining carbide slag at 700-1000 DEG CBurning, naturally cooling, and grinding to obtain powder with specific surface area of 300-500 m 2Per kg; drying the sugarcane fibers until the water content is less than 0.1%; the drying temperature of the sugarcane fibers is 80-110 ℃.
2. The method for preparing high-performance lightweight concrete according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of:
s1, pretreating copper tailings, steel slag, cyanide slag, aerated concrete waste, desulfurized gypsum, carbide slag and sugarcane fibers;
s2, mixing and fully stirring the pretreated materials to obtain a composite cementing material;
s3, drying the solid waste ceramsite to serve as aggregate;
s4, mixing the composite cementing material and the aggregate to obtain a mixture; adding a proper amount of water and the bean curd wastewater after cold storage and filtration into the mixture to obtain mixed slurry; and pouring, demolding and standard curing the mixed slurry to obtain the high-performance lightweight concrete product.
3. The method for preparing high-performance lightweight concrete according to claim 2, wherein the high-performance lightweight concrete is fully stirred by a horizontal vibration concrete mixer in the step S2, the stirring speed is 48r/min, the stirring time is 10-20 min, and the stirring is carried out until the length of the sugarcane fiber is 0.1-2 cm.
4. The preparation method of the high-performance lightweight concrete according to claim 2, wherein the particle size of the solid waste ceramsite in the step S3 is 5-20 mm; drying until the water content is less than 0.1%; the drying temperature is 80-110 ℃.
5. The preparation method of the high-performance lightweight concrete according to claim 2, wherein the mass of the water in the step S4 is 3-5% of the mass of the composite cementitious material; refrigerating the bean curd wastewater at 4-10 ℃, and then filtering out residues, wherein the using amount of the residues is 5-20% of the mass of water; adjusting the dosage of the water and the bean curd wastewater to ensure that the pH value of the mixed slurry is 7-12.
6. The method for preparing high-performance lightweight concrete according to any one of claims 2 to 5, wherein the standard curing conditions in step S4 are as follows: the temperature is 20 +/-2 ℃, the humidity is more than or equal to 95 percent, and the curing is carried out for 28 days.
7. The preparation method of the high-performance lightweight concrete according to any one of claims 2 to 5, wherein the performance indexes of the solid waste ceramsite are as follows: the cylinder pressure strength is 7 to 10MPa, and the bulk density is 1020 to 1070kg/m3The porosity is 40-50%, and the water absorption is 7-12%.
8. The preparation method of the high-performance lightweight concrete according to any one of claims 2 to 5, wherein the main chemical components of the copper tailings are as follows: SiO 22 40~70%，Al2O3 5~15%，Fe2O3 1-8%; the steel slag comprises the following main chemical components: SiO 22 10~30%，Al2O3 1~15%，Fe2O3 10-30% of CaO and 20-60% of CaO; the main chemical components of the cyanide slag are as follows: 30-60% of TFe and SiO2 10~30%，Al2O3 1~10%，SO31-10% of CaO and 1-5% of CaO; the aerated concrete waste comprises the following main chemical components: SiO 2 2 30~60%，CaO 20~40%，Al2O3 3~8%，Fe2O33-6% of FeO 2-7%; the main chemical components of the desulfurized gypsum are as follows: SiO 22 1~5%，SO3 30~60%，CaO 20~60%，Al2O31-5%; the carbide slag comprises the following main chemical components: 60-80% of CaO and SiO2 1~5%，Al2O3 1~5%。
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