CN111659895A - Novel metal hot-press casting production process and metal material formula used by same - Google Patents
Novel metal hot-press casting production process and metal material formula used by same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN111659895A CN111659895A CN202010704001.XA CN202010704001A CN111659895A CN 111659895 A CN111659895 A CN 111659895A CN 202010704001 A CN202010704001 A CN 202010704001A CN 111659895 A CN111659895 A CN 111659895A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- powder
- casting production
- novel metal
- production process
- metal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
- B22F3/14—Both compacting and sintering simultaneously
- B22F3/15—Hot isostatic pressing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C33/0257—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements
- C22C33/0278—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5%
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/08—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing nickel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/60—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing lead, selenium, tellurium, or antimony, or more than 0.04% by weight of sulfur
Abstract
The invention discloses a novel metal hot-press casting production process and a metal material formula used by the same, wherein the novel metal hot-press casting production process comprises the following materials: 1-2% of magnesium, 1.5-2% of nickel powder, 1-2% of manganese powder, 5-6% of aluminum, 0.1-0.5% of molybdenum powder, 0.2-0.5% of platinum powder, 0.1-0.2% of antimony and the balance of iron powder, wherein the percentages refer to mass ratio, the novel metal hot-die casting production process and the formula of the metal material used by the novel metal hot-die casting production process are improved by the formula, and the metal powder is filled in a die and then heated, so that the metal powder is bonded with each other for forming, but not the metal is heated to a molten state and poured in, so that the requirement on heating quantity is reduced (in the application, the main material is iron, if the iron is heated to the molten state, the iron needs to be heated to 1500 ℃, but if the process of the application is used, the effect can be achieved only by heating to 900 ℃), the energy consumption is reduced, smoke dust is not generated, and the influence on the environment is reduced, thereby reducing the cost expenditure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal hot-press casting, in particular to a novel metal hot-press casting production process and a formula of a metal material used by the novel metal hot-press casting production process.
Background
The basic principle of the technology is that metal is heated to form flowable slurry by utilizing the characteristics of melting and solidifying when being heated and condensed, and the slurry is injected into a die under a certain pressure for forming.
In the prior art, metal hot-die casting adopts a mode of heating metal to a molten state, pouring the metal into a mold for cooling and forming, and finally separating the mold from a material for production operation, wherein the metal material needs to be heated to the molten state, so that a large amount of energy needs to be consumed, a large amount of smoke dust can be generated, the environment is influenced to a certain degree, and the manufacturing cost and the cost of environmental management are increased.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a novel metal hot-die casting production process and a metal material formula used by the novel metal hot-die casting production process, and solves the problems that in the prior art, metal is heated to a molten state in metal hot-die casting, poured into a mold for cooling and forming, and finally the mold is separated from the material for production operation, wherein the metal material needs to be heated to the molten state, so that a large amount of energy is consumed, a large amount of smoke is generated, a certain degree of influence is brought to the environment, and the manufacturing cost and the environmental management cost are increased.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a formula of a novel metal material used for metal hot-press casting production comprises the following materials: 1-2% of magnesium, 1.5-2% of nickel powder, 1-2% of manganese powder, 5-6% of aluminum, 0.1-0.5% of molybdenum powder, 0.2-0.5% of platinum powder, 0.1-0.2% of antimony and the balance of iron powder, wherein the percentages refer to mass ratio.
A novel metal hot-press casting production process comprises a metal material formula used in the novel metal hot-press casting production, and comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing raw materials of magnesium, nickel powder, manganese powder, aluminum, molybdenum powder, platinum powder, antimony and iron powder according to the mass ratio of the formula and the total amount of the raw materials required by the process;
s2, heating the magnesium, the aluminum and the antimony prepared in the step S1 to 660-700 ℃, mixing for 30min, and ensuring that the average temperature is 660-700 ℃ to obtain a first mixture;
s3, adding the nickel powder, the manganese powder, the molybdenum powder and the platinum powder prepared in the step S1 into iron powder, and mixing for 30min to obtain a second mixture;
s4, adding the second mixture obtained in the step S3 into a production mold, heating to 900 ℃, adding the first mixture obtained in the step S2, and mixing for 30min in the mold;
s5, pressurizing the material in the die by using a frame type hydraulic press, wherein the maximum pressure is 20Mpa, gradually increasing the pressure to the maximum value within 1min at a constant speed in the pressurizing process, continuing for 1min after the pressure reaches the maximum value, and then decompressing;
s6, separating the material from the mould to obtain a finished product;
and S7, sequentially cooling, grinding and cleaning the surface of the finished product to obtain the product.
Preferably, in step S5, the frame type hydraulic machine is a 3600 ton frame type hydraulic machine.
(III) advantageous effects
The invention provides a novel metal hot-press casting production process and a metal material formula used by the same. The method has the following beneficial effects:
this novel metal hot die-casting production technology and metal material formula that uses thereof, improvement through the prescription, adopt metal powder to fill the mould postheating simultaneously, make the shaping of binding each other between the metal powder, rather than pour into after heating the metal to the molten condition, the demand to the heating volume has been reduced (main material is iron in this application, if heat iron to the molten condition, then need heat to 1500 ℃, but if use the technology of this application, then only need heat to 900 ℃ and can reach the effect), the consumption of the energy has been reduced, can not produce the smoke and dust simultaneously, the influence to the environment has been reduced, thereby the expenditure of cost has been reduced.
Detailed Description
The described embodiments are only some embodiments of the invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
A formula of a novel metal material used for metal hot-press casting production comprises the following materials: 1-2% of magnesium, 1.5-2% of nickel powder, 1-2% of manganese powder, 5-6% of aluminum, 0.1-0.5% of molybdenum powder, 0.2-0.5% of platinum powder, 0.1-0.2% of antimony and the balance of iron powder, wherein the percentages refer to mass ratio.
A novel metal hot-press casting production process comprises a metal material formula used in the novel metal hot-press casting production, and comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing raw materials of magnesium, nickel powder, manganese powder, aluminum, molybdenum powder, platinum powder, antimony and iron powder according to the mass ratio of the formula and the total amount of the raw materials required by the process;
s2, heating the magnesium, the aluminum and the antimony prepared in the step S1 to 660-700 ℃, mixing for 30min, and ensuring that the average temperature is 660-700 ℃ to obtain a first mixture;
s3, adding the nickel powder, the manganese powder, the molybdenum powder and the platinum powder prepared in the step S1 into iron powder, and mixing for 30min to obtain a second mixture;
s4, adding the second mixture obtained in the step S3 into a production mold, heating to 900 ℃, adding the first mixture obtained in the step S2, and mixing for 30min in the mold;
s5, pressurizing the material in the die by using a frame type hydraulic machine, wherein the maximum pressure is 20Mpa, the pressure is gradually increased to the maximum value within 1min at a constant speed in the pressurizing process, and the pressure is continued for 1min after reaching the maximum value, and then decompressing, wherein the frame type hydraulic machine is a 3600 ton frame type hydraulic machine;
s6, separating the material from the mould to obtain a finished product;
and S7, sequentially cooling, grinding and cleaning the surface of the finished product to obtain the product.
Example 1
A formula of a novel metal material used for metal hot-press casting production comprises the following materials: 1 percent of magnesium, 2 percent of nickel powder, 2 percent of manganese powder, 6 percent of aluminum, 0.5 percent of molybdenum powder, 0.2 percent of platinum powder, 0.1 percent of antimony, and the balance of iron powder, wherein the percentages refer to mass ratio.
A novel metal hot-press casting production process comprises a metal material formula used in the novel metal hot-press casting production, and comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing raw materials of magnesium, nickel powder, manganese powder, aluminum, molybdenum powder, platinum powder, antimony and iron powder according to the mass ratio of the formula and the total amount of the raw materials required by the process;
s2, heating the magnesium, the aluminum and the antimony prepared in the step S1 to 660 ℃, mixing for 30min, and ensuring that the average temperature is 660 ℃ to obtain a first mixture;
s3, adding the nickel powder, the manganese powder, the molybdenum powder and the platinum powder prepared in the step S1 into iron powder, and mixing for 30min to obtain a second mixture;
s4, adding the second mixture obtained in the step S3 into a production mold, heating to 900 ℃, adding the first mixture obtained in the step S2, and mixing for 30min in the mold;
s5, pressurizing the material in the die by using a frame type hydraulic machine, wherein the maximum pressure is 20Mpa, the pressure is gradually increased to the maximum value within 1min at a constant speed in the pressurizing process, and the pressure is continued for 1min after reaching the maximum value, and then decompressing, wherein the frame type hydraulic machine is a 3600 ton frame type hydraulic machine;
s6, separating the material from the mould to obtain a finished product;
and S7, sequentially cooling, grinding and cleaning the surface of the finished product to obtain the product.
Example 2
A formula of a novel metal material used for metal hot-press casting production comprises the following materials: 1.5 percent of magnesium, 1.7 percent of nickel powder, 1.5 percent of manganese powder, 5.3 percent of aluminum, 0.4 percent of molybdenum powder, 0.3 percent of platinum powder, 0.15 percent of antimony, and the balance of iron powder, wherein the percentages refer to mass ratio.
A novel metal hot-press casting production process comprises a metal material formula used in the novel metal hot-press casting production, and comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing raw materials of magnesium, nickel powder, manganese powder, aluminum, molybdenum powder, platinum powder, antimony and iron powder according to the mass ratio of the formula and the total amount of the raw materials required by the process;
s2, heating the magnesium, the aluminum and the antimony prepared in the step S1 to 670 ℃, mixing for 30min, and ensuring that the average temperature is 670 ℃, so as to obtain a first mixture;
s3, adding the nickel powder, the manganese powder, the molybdenum powder and the platinum powder prepared in the step S1 into iron powder, and mixing for 30min to obtain a second mixture;
s4, adding the second mixture obtained in the step S3 into a production mold, heating to 900 ℃, adding the first mixture obtained in the step S2, and mixing for 30min in the mold;
s5, pressurizing the material in the die by using a frame type hydraulic machine, wherein the maximum pressure is 20Mpa, the pressure is gradually increased to the maximum value within 1min at a constant speed in the pressurizing process, and the pressure is continued for 1min after reaching the maximum value, and then decompressing, wherein the frame type hydraulic machine is a 3600 ton frame type hydraulic machine;
s6, separating the material from the mould to obtain a finished product;
and S7, sequentially cooling, grinding and cleaning the surface of the finished product to obtain the product.
Example 3
A formula of a novel metal material used for metal hot-press casting production comprises the following materials: 1.9 percent of magnesium, 1.6 percent of nickel powder, 1.9 percent of manganese powder, 5.6 percent of aluminum, 0.35 percent of molybdenum powder, 0.35 percent of platinum powder, 0.15 percent of antimony, and the balance of iron powder, wherein the percentages refer to mass ratio.
A novel metal hot-press casting production process comprises a metal material formula used in the novel metal hot-press casting production, and comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing raw materials of magnesium, nickel powder, manganese powder, aluminum, molybdenum powder, platinum powder, antimony and iron powder according to the mass ratio of the formula and the total amount of the raw materials required by the process;
s2, heating the magnesium, the aluminum and the antimony prepared in the step S1 to 680 ℃, mixing the magnesium, the aluminum and the antimony for 30min, and ensuring that the average temperature of the mixture is 680 ℃ so as to obtain a first mixture;
s3, adding the nickel powder, the manganese powder, the molybdenum powder and the platinum powder prepared in the step S1 into iron powder, and mixing for 30min to obtain a second mixture;
s4, adding the second mixture obtained in the step S3 into a production mold, heating to 900 ℃, adding the first mixture obtained in the step S2, and mixing for 30min in the mold;
s5, pressurizing the material in the die by using a frame type hydraulic machine, wherein the maximum pressure is 20Mpa, the pressure is gradually increased to the maximum value within 1min at a constant speed in the pressurizing process, and the pressure is continued for 1min after reaching the maximum value, and then decompressing, wherein the frame type hydraulic machine is a 3600 ton frame type hydraulic machine;
s6, separating the material from the mould to obtain a finished product;
and S7, sequentially cooling, grinding and cleaning the surface of the finished product to obtain the product.
To sum up, this novel metal hot die-casting production technology and metal material formula that uses thereof, through the improvement of prescription, adopt metal powder to fill the mould postheating simultaneously for the shaping of gluing each other between the metal powder, rather than pour into after heating the metal to the molten state, reduced the demand to the heat (main material is iron in this application, if heat iron to the molten state, then need heat to 1500 ℃, but if use the technology of this application, then only need heat to 900 ℃ and can reach the effect), reduced the consumption of the energy, can not produce the smoke and dust simultaneously, reduced the influence to the environment, thereby the expenditure of cost has been reduced.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (3)
1. The formula of the novel metal material used for metal hot-press casting production is characterized by comprising the following materials: 1-2% of magnesium, 1.5-2% of nickel powder, 1-2% of manganese powder, 5-6% of aluminum, 0.1-0.5% of molybdenum powder, 0.2-0.5% of platinum powder, 0.1-0.2% of antimony and the balance of iron powder, wherein the percentages refer to mass ratio.
2. A novel metal hot-press casting production process is characterized in that: the formulation of a metallic material for use in the novel metal hot-die casting process according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
s1, preparing raw materials of magnesium, nickel powder, manganese powder, aluminum, molybdenum powder, platinum powder, antimony and iron powder according to the mass ratio of the formula and the total amount of the raw materials required by the process;
s2, heating the magnesium, the aluminum and the antimony prepared in the step S1 to 660-700 ℃, mixing for 30min, and ensuring that the average temperature is 660-700 ℃ to obtain a first mixture;
s3, adding the nickel powder, the manganese powder, the molybdenum powder and the platinum powder prepared in the step S1 into iron powder, and mixing for 30min to obtain a second mixture;
s4, adding the second mixture obtained in the step S3 into a production mold, heating to 900 ℃, adding the first mixture obtained in the step S2, and mixing for 30min in the mold;
s5, pressurizing the material in the die by using a frame type hydraulic press, wherein the maximum pressure is 20Mpa, gradually increasing the pressure to the maximum value within 1min at a constant speed in the pressurizing process, continuing for 1min after the pressure reaches the maximum value, and then decompressing;
s6, separating the material from the mould to obtain a finished product;
and S7, sequentially cooling, grinding and cleaning the surface of the finished product to obtain the product.
3. The novel metal hot-press casting production process according to claim 2, characterized in that: in step S5, the frame type hydraulic machine is a 3600 ton frame type hydraulic machine.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN202010704001.XA CN111659895B (en) | 2020-07-21 | 2020-07-21 | Metal hot-press casting production process and metal material formula used by same |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN202010704001.XA CN111659895B (en) | 2020-07-21 | 2020-07-21 | Metal hot-press casting production process and metal material formula used by same |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN111659895A true CN111659895A (en) | 2020-09-15 |
CN111659895B CN111659895B (en) | 2022-03-11 |
Family
ID=72392973
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN202010704001.XA Active CN111659895B (en) | 2020-07-21 | 2020-07-21 | Metal hot-press casting production process and metal material formula used by same |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN111659895B (en) |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2231807A1 (en) * | 1971-06-30 | 1973-01-18 | Mitsubishi Metal Mining Co Ltd | SLEEVE AS CYLINDRICAL PRESSURE CHAMBER FOR INJECTION MOLDING MACHINES |
US5009704A (en) * | 1989-06-28 | 1991-04-23 | Allied-Signal Inc. | Processing nickel-base superalloy powders for improved thermomechanical working |
CN107414087A (en) * | 2017-05-09 | 2017-12-01 | 唐竹胜 | It is a kind of to be reduced directly iron powder using metallurgical solid waste and regenerate the method for iron powder injection moulding high strength machine parts |
CN108057986A (en) * | 2016-11-08 | 2018-05-22 | 青岛世纪云帆实业有限公司 | Pen with bottle opener manufactures mounting process |
CN109182879A (en) * | 2018-10-17 | 2019-01-11 | 安徽省含山县风华铸造厂(普通合伙) | A kind of alloy material and its production method casting reducer gear |
-
2020
- 2020-07-21 CN CN202010704001.XA patent/CN111659895B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2231807A1 (en) * | 1971-06-30 | 1973-01-18 | Mitsubishi Metal Mining Co Ltd | SLEEVE AS CYLINDRICAL PRESSURE CHAMBER FOR INJECTION MOLDING MACHINES |
US5009704A (en) * | 1989-06-28 | 1991-04-23 | Allied-Signal Inc. | Processing nickel-base superalloy powders for improved thermomechanical working |
CN108057986A (en) * | 2016-11-08 | 2018-05-22 | 青岛世纪云帆实业有限公司 | Pen with bottle opener manufactures mounting process |
CN107414087A (en) * | 2017-05-09 | 2017-12-01 | 唐竹胜 | It is a kind of to be reduced directly iron powder using metallurgical solid waste and regenerate the method for iron powder injection moulding high strength machine parts |
CN109182879A (en) * | 2018-10-17 | 2019-01-11 | 安徽省含山县风华铸造厂(普通合伙) | A kind of alloy material and its production method casting reducer gear |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN111659895B (en) | 2022-03-11 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN101480810B (en) | Method for preparing artificial quartz | |
CN100491600C (en) | Method for preparing carbon block of cathode capable of being humidified | |
CN100444986C (en) | Ester curing type sand binder for casting and its preparation method | |
CN103567352A (en) | Production technology of precoated sand for selective laser sintering and quick molding technology | |
CN104550961B (en) | A kind of hot pressed sintering manufacture craft of polycrystalline diamond wire drawing die | |
CN106925749B (en) | The preparation method of the high pressure resistant salt core of extrusion casint aluminum piston | |
CN102363215A (en) | Method for preparing chromium aluminum alloy target by powder vacuum hot pressed sintering | |
CN104402305A (en) | Artificial quartz stone sheet material and preparation method thereof | |
CN102875157A (en) | Preparation method of aluminum oxide ceramics | |
CN105838952A (en) | Magnesium alloy kettle and manufacturing method thereof | |
CN102452122B (en) | Ceramic body and moulding method thereof and ceramic product | |
CN111659895B (en) | Metal hot-press casting production process and metal material formula used by same | |
CN102452123B (en) | Ceramic body and forming method thereof, and ceramic product | |
CN1033743C (en) | Wet filmcoating sand mould material and prodn. thereof | |
CN110408852A (en) | The waste material recovery method of superalloy powder | |
CN102321826A (en) | Extruded high-tin bronze alloy and preparation method thereof | |
CN102220019A (en) | Industrial greasy filth and preparation method thereof | |
CN104588652A (en) | Vacuum secondary hot pressing manufacturing technology for high-strength polycrystalline diamond drawing die | |
CN110819979A (en) | Manufacturing method based on mold for glassware machining | |
CN109279894B (en) | Graphite drop tank and preparation method thereof | |
CN109534766B (en) | Environment-friendly covering agent for insulating riser of fused brick and preparation method thereof | |
CN103272990A (en) | Molding sand comprising cyan sand as main material and manufacturing method thereof | |
CN105819738B (en) | A kind of anti-oxidant mold and its manufacturing method | |
CN104550966B (en) | A kind of resintering of high-wearing feature polycrystalline diamond wire drawing die presses manufacture craft again | |
CN103085211A (en) | Preparation method of ultrahigh molecular-weight polyethylene film material |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
GR01 | Patent grant |