CN111659891B

CN111659891B - Powder feeding and spreading device of SLM type metal 3D printer

Info

Publication number: CN111659891B
Application number: CN202010647168.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 曹岩; 黄亮
Original assignee: Xian Technological University
Current assignee: Xian Technological University
Priority date: 2020-07-07
Filing date: 2020-07-07
Publication date: 2022-03-01
Anticipated expiration: 2040-07-07
Also published as: CN111659891A

Abstract

The invention discloses a powder feeding and spreading device of an SLM type metal 3D printer, which comprises: a forming powder spreading mechanism; the box door is detachably arranged on the front side of the molding powder spreading mechanism; the positioning mechanism is detachably arranged at the center of the bottom of the molding powder laying mechanism; the filling mechanism is detachably arranged on the outer wall of the positioning mechanism; the powder feeding mechanism is detachably arranged on the left side of the bottom of the molding powder laying mechanism; the feeding pipe is detachably arranged at the top of the front side of the powder feeding mechanism; receive powder mechanism, receive powder mechanism and can dismantle the bottom right side that sets up in powder mechanism is spread in the shaping. When the forming chamber is used for processing the workpiece, the internal space of the forming chamber can be reduced according to the volume of the workpiece, the metal powder is reduced, the laying time is further shortened, the production period is short, the cost of the metal powder is reduced, and the forming chamber is convenient to process and use the workpiece.

Description

Powder feeding and spreading device of SLM type metal 3D printer

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of printers, in particular to a powder feeding and spreading device of an SLM type metal 3D printer.

Background

The 3D printing technology is a technology for manufacturing solid parts by accumulating materials layer by layer, and compared with the traditional material removing technology, the technology does not need a cutter and a die, does not need to carry out multi-process processing, has short production period and can easily process parts with complex structures. The current 3D printing technologies can be broadly classified into SLS (selective laser sintering), SLM (selective laser melting), FDM (fused deposition modeling), SLA (stereo photo-curing modeling), EBM (electron beam injection molding). In the working process of the SLS type 3D printer, raw material powder needs to be uniformly laid on a printing platform, and then selective sintering is carried out by using a laser device, so that a powder laying device is needed;

in the processing process, a workpiece is usually fixed in a forming chamber, and then powder is spread in the forming chamber, because the area of the forming chamber is certain, the size of the workpiece to be processed is uncertain, the smaller the size of the workpiece is, the more metal powder needs to be spread, the overlong spreading time is caused, the production period is long, the cost is wasted, and the SLM printer is difficult to break through.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a powder feeding and spreading device of an SLM type metal 3D printer, which at least solves the problem that the internal space of a forming chamber cannot be reduced according to the volume of a workpiece to be processed in the prior art.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a powder feeding and spreading device of an SLM type metal 3D printer comprises: a forming powder spreading mechanism; the box door is detachably arranged on the front side of the molding powder spreading mechanism; the positioning mechanism is detachably arranged at the center of the bottom of the molding powder laying mechanism; the filling mechanism is detachably arranged on the outer wall of the positioning mechanism; the powder feeding mechanism is detachably arranged on the left side of the bottom of the molding powder laying mechanism; the feeding pipe is detachably arranged at the top of the front side of the powder feeding mechanism; receive powder mechanism, receive powder mechanism and can dismantle the bottom right side that sets up in powder mechanism is spread in the shaping.

Preferably, the powder mechanism is spread in shaping includes: the box door is arranged on the front side of the molding cavity; the two guide rails are respectively connected to the bottoms of the front side and the rear side of the inner cavity of the forming cavity along the left-right direction by screws; the electric sliding block is sleeved on the left side of the outer wall of the guide rail; the end parts of the roller are connected to the inner sides of the two electric sliding blocks through bearings, and the outer wall of the roller is in contact with the bottom of the inner cavity of the forming cavity; two straight gears are arranged and are respectively in key connection with two ends of the outer wall of the roller; the rack, the rack is two, and two racks can dismantle the both sides around setting up in the inner chamber of shaping chamber, and the rack is connected with the straight-teeth gear meshing.

Preferably, the positioning mechanism includes: the forming chamber is detachably arranged at the center of the bottom of the forming cavity; the screw of the first hydraulic cylinder is connected to the center of the bottom of the forming chamber, and the output end of the first hydraulic cylinder extends to the inner cavity of the forming chamber; the first piston is detachably arranged at the output end of the first hydraulic cylinder.

Preferably, the filling mechanism includes: the shell is detachably arranged on the outer wall of the forming chamber; the motor is connected to the center of the front side of the shell through a screw, and the output end of the motor extends to the inner cavity of the shell; the driving conical gear is connected to the output end of the motor in a key manner; the two ends of the screw rod are connected to the front sides of the left inner wall and the right inner wall of the shell through bearings; the driven conical gear is connected to the middle part of the screw rod in a key mode and is in meshed connection with the driving conical gear; the two screw nuts are respectively screwed on the left side and the right side of the outer wall of the screw; the number of the slide bars is eight, and four of the eight slide bars are fixedly connected to four corners of the left inner wall and the right inner wall of the shell in a group; the filling block is sleeved on the outer wall of the sliding rod, and the inner side of the filling block extends to the inner wall of the forming chamber; and one side of the connecting plate is detachably connected with the rear side of the screw nut, and the other side of the connecting plate is detachably connected with the front side of the filling block.

Preferably, the powder feeding mechanism includes: the material storage box is detachably arranged on the left side of the bottom of the forming cavity, and one end of the feeding pipe is detachably arranged on the top of the front side of the material storage box; the second hydraulic cylinder is connected to the bottom of the storage box through a screw, and the output end of the second hydraulic cylinder extends out of the bottom of the inner cavity of the storage box; and the second piston is detachably arranged at the output end of the second hydraulic cylinder.

Preferably, the powder collecting mechanism comprises: the collecting box is detachably arranged on the right side of the bottom of the forming cavity; the valve is detachably arranged at the bottom of the collecting box.

Preferably, the threads on the left side and the right side of the outer wall of the screw rod are positive and negative threads.

Preferably, the inner side of the connecting plate is detachably provided with a buffer plate.

The powder feeding and spreading device of the SLM type metal 3D printer provided by the invention has the beneficial effects that:

according to the invention, the positioning mechanism can drive the first piston to move up and down, the workpiece can be fixed on the first piston through the base, the positioning of the workpiece is realized, two filling blocks can move inwards through the filling mechanism to enter the forming chamber according to the volume of the workpiece, the internal space of the forming chamber is filled, the volume of the forming chamber is reduced, then the powder feeding mechanism is used for pushing the metal powder upwards, the metal powder is pushed into the forming chamber from left to right under the action of the forming powder paving mechanism, the powder paving operation is realized, and the workpiece can be processed.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic bottom view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a front cross-sectional view of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a left side cross-sectional view of the forming powder spreading mechanism of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is an enlarged view taken at A in FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a top cross-sectional view of the filling mechanism of FIG. 1;

fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the filler block in fig. 5.

In the figure: 2. the powder forming and spreading device comprises a forming powder spreading mechanism 21, a forming cavity 22, a guide rail 23, an electric slide block 24, a roller 25, a spur gear 26, a rack 3, a box door 4, a positioning mechanism 41, a forming chamber 42, a first hydraulic cylinder 43, a first piston 5, a filling mechanism 51, a shell 52, a motor 53, a driving bevel gear 54, a lead screw 55, a driven bevel gear 56, a lead screw nut 57, a slide rod 58, a filling block 59, a connecting plate 510, a buffer plate 6, a powder feeding mechanism 61, a storage box 62, a second hydraulic cylinder 63, a second piston 7, a feeding pipe 8, a powder collecting mechanism 81, a collecting box 82 and a valve.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 1-6, the present invention provides a technical solution: a powder feeding and spreading device of an SLM type metal 3D printer comprises a forming and spreading mechanism 2, a box door 3, a positioning mechanism 4, a filling mechanism 5, a powder feeding mechanism 6, a feeding pipe 7 and a powder collecting mechanism 8, wherein the forming chamber box door 3 is detachably arranged at the front side of the forming and spreading mechanism 2, the forming chamber positioning mechanism 4 is detachably arranged at the central position of the bottom of the forming and spreading mechanism 2, the forming chamber filling mechanism 5 is detachably arranged at the outer wall of the positioning mechanism 4, the forming chamber powder feeding mechanism 6 is detachably arranged at the left side of the bottom of the forming and spreading mechanism 2, the forming chamber feeding pipe 7 is detachably arranged at the top of the front side of the powder feeding mechanism 6, metal powder is injected into the material storage box 61 through the feeding pipe 7, the cover plate is installed at the top of the feeding pipe 7, the forming cavity 21 is connected with the outside, and the forming chamber powder collecting mechanism 8 is detachably arranged on the right side of the bottom of the forming powder paving mechanism 2.

As a preferable scheme, further, the forming chamber forming powder spreading mechanism 2 comprises a forming chamber 21, guide rails 22, electric sliders 23, rollers 24, a spur gear 25 and a rack 26, a forming chamber door 3 is arranged at the front side of the forming chamber 21, one side of the door 3 is connected with the forming chamber 21 through hinges, the other side of the door 3 is connected with the forming chamber 21 through a spring buckle, the door 3 can be stably fixed with the forming chamber 21, a workpiece can be put in and taken out by opening the door 3, the two forming chamber guide rails 22 are provided, the two guide rails 22 are respectively connected with the front and rear side bottoms of the inner chamber of the forming chamber 21 along the left and right direction by screws, the forming chamber electric sliders 23 are sleeved on the left side of the outer wall of the guide rails 22, the rollers 24 can be moved left and right by driving of the electric sliders 23, the end part of the forming chamber rollers 24 is connected with the inner sides of the two electric sliders 23 through bearings, and the outer wall of the rollers 24 is contacted with the bottom of the inner chamber of the forming chamber 21, roll right side through cylinder 24 and can push forming chamber 41 with the metal powder in the material storage box 61 in, the realization is spread the powder, forming chamber straight-teeth gear 25 is two, and two straight-teeth gear 25 key-type connections respectively are at the outer wall both ends of cylinder 24, forming chamber rack 26 is two, and two rack 26 can dismantle and set up both sides around the inner chamber of shaping chamber 21, and rack 26 is connected with straight-teeth gear 25 meshing, when removing about cylinder 24 and straight-teeth gear 25, can make straight-teeth gear 25 drive cylinder 24 anticlockwise or clockwise rotation under the effect of rack 26.

Preferably, the forming chamber positioning mechanism 4 further includes a forming chamber 41, a first hydraulic cylinder 42 and a first piston 43, the forming chamber 41 is detachably disposed at a bottom center position of the forming cavity 21, the forming chamber 41 is used for storing workpieces and increasing a processing space, the first hydraulic cylinder 42 of the forming chamber is screwed at the bottom center position of the forming chamber 41, an output end of the first hydraulic cylinder 42 extends to an inner cavity of the forming chamber 41 and is detachably connected with the first piston 43, the first piston 43 can move up and down by driving of the first hydraulic cylinder 42, and the first piston 43 and the forming chamber 41 have good sealing performance, so that the workpieces can be taken and placed.

Preferably, the forming chamber filling mechanism 5 comprises a housing 51, a motor 52, a driving bevel gear 53, a lead screw 54, a driven bevel gear 55, a lead screw nut 56, a slide rod 57, a filling block 58 and a connecting plate 59, wherein the forming chamber housing 51 is detachably arranged on the outer wall of the forming chamber 41, the forming chamber motor 52 is screwed in the center of the front side of the housing 51, the output end of the motor 52 extends to the inner cavity of the housing 51 to be connected with the driving bevel gear 53 in a key manner, the driving bevel gear 53 is driven by the motor 52 to rotate clockwise or counterclockwise, two ends of the forming chamber lead screw 54 are connected to the front sides of the left and right inner walls of the housing 51 through bearings, the forming chamber driven bevel gear 55 is connected to the middle part of the lead screw 54 in a key manner, the driven bevel gear 55 is connected with the driving bevel gear 53 in a meshing manner, the driven bevel gear 55 is used for transmitting a rotating force, so that the lead screw 54 can rotate clockwise or counterclockwise, two forming chamber lead screw nuts 56 are arranged, two lead screw nuts 56 are respectively screwed on the left side and the right side of the outer wall of the lead screw 54, eight forming chamber sliding rods 57 are arranged, every four of the eight sliding rods 57 are fixedly connected to four corners of the left inner wall and the right inner wall of the shell 51, the sliding rods 57 limit the filling blocks 58, the filling blocks 58 can stably and linearly move, the forming chamber filling blocks 58 are sleeved on the outer wall of the sliding rods 57, the inner sides of the filling blocks 58 extend to the inner wall of the forming chamber 41, the filling blocks 58 are used for filling the inner space of the forming chamber 41, the powder laying amount of metal powder can be reduced by reducing the inner space of the forming chamber 41, one side of a forming chamber connecting plate 59 is detachably connected with the rear side of the lead screw nuts 56, and the other side of the connecting plate 59 is detachably connected with the front side of the filling blocks 58.

Preferably, the powder feeding mechanism 6 of the forming chamber further comprises a material storage box 61, a second hydraulic cylinder 62 and a second piston 63, the material storage box 61 of the forming chamber is detachably disposed at the left side of the bottom of the forming cavity 21, metal powder for processing is stored in the material storage box 61, one end of the feeding pipe 7 of the forming chamber is detachably disposed at the top of the front side of the material storage box 61, the second hydraulic cylinder 62 of the forming chamber is connected to the bottom of the material storage box 61 through screws, an output end of the second hydraulic cylinder 62 extends out of the bottom of an inner cavity of the material storage box 61 and is detachably connected with the second piston 63, the second hydraulic cylinder 62 is used for driving the second piston 63 to move up and down, good sealing performance is achieved between the second piston 63 and the material storage box 61, and the second piston 63 moves up to push out the metal powder.

Preferably, the powder collecting mechanism 8 of the forming chamber further comprises a collecting box 81 and a valve 82, the collecting box 81 of the forming chamber is detachably disposed at the right side of the bottom of the forming cavity 21, the collecting box 81 is used for collecting excessive metal powder during powder spreading, and the valve 82 of the forming chamber is detachably disposed at the bottom of the collecting box 81.

Preferably, the threads on the left and right sides of the outer wall of the screw 54 of the forming chamber are positive and negative threads, and when the screw 54 rotates clockwise or counterclockwise, the rotating force of the threads on the outer wall of the screw 54 can move the two screw nuts 56 outwards or inwards to provide moving power for the filling block 58.

Preferably, a buffer plate 510 is detachably disposed on the inner side of the forming chamber connecting plate 59, and the buffer plate 510 is made of rubber and has high elasticity to prevent the connecting plate 59 from rigidly colliding with the forming chamber 41.

The detailed connection means is a technique known in the art, and the following mainly describes the working principle and process, and the specific operation is as follows.

When in use, the box door 3 is opened, the first piston 43 is pushed to move upwards by the first hydraulic cylinder 42, the first piston 43 is moved to the top of the inner cavity of the forming chamber 41, a workpiece is locked on the first piston 43 by the base, the first piston 43 is driven by the first hydraulic cylinder 42 to fall back to the initial position, the positioning of the workpiece is completed, the driving bevel gear 53 is driven by the motor 52 to rotate clockwise, the driving bevel gear 53 is meshed with the driven bevel gear 55, so that the driven bevel gear 55 drives the screw 54 to rotate anticlockwise, the threads on the left side and the right side of the outer wall of the screw 54 are positive and negative threads, the thread rotating force of the outer wall of the screw 54 drives the two screw nuts 56 to move inwards at the same time, so that the screw nuts 56 drive the filling block 58 to move inwards along the outer wall of the sliding rod 57 through the connecting plate 59, and the filling block 58 gradually enters the forming chamber 41, when the filling block 58 contacts with the base at the bottom of the workpiece, the motor 52 stops working, the inner space of the forming chamber 41 is reduced through the filling block 58, the second piston 63 is pushed to rise through the second hydraulic cylinder 62, the metal powder in the storage box 61 is pushed out, the electric slide block 23 drives the roller 24 to move towards the right side, the straight gear 25 is meshed with the rack 26, so that the straight gear 25 drives the roller 24 to rotate anticlockwise and roll towards the right side, the roller 24 pushes the metal powder into the forming chamber 41, then the electric slide block 23 drives the roller 24 to move towards the left side to return, the roller 24 is driven to reciprocate through the electric slide block 23 until the forming chamber 41 is filled with the metal powder, the excessive metal powder is pushed into the collecting box 81, powder spreading is completed, and workpiece processing can be carried out, therefore, when the roller 24 is actually used, the electric elements such as the motor are not needed to drive the roller to rotate, the cost is saved, and can reduce the inner space of the forming chamber 41 according to the size of the workpiece, reduce the filling volume of the metal powder, shorten the powder spreading time, further shorten the production cycle, improve the production efficiency, and be more favorable for popularization.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a powder feeding and spreading device of SLM type metal 3D printer which characterized in that includes:

a molding powder spreading mechanism (2);

the box door (3), the box door (3) is detachably arranged at the front side of the molding powder laying mechanism (2);

the positioning mechanism (4) is detachably arranged at the center of the bottom of the molding powder laying mechanism (2);

the filling mechanism (5), the said filling mechanism (5) is set up in the outer wall of the positioning mechanism (4) removably;

the powder feeding mechanism (6), the powder feeding mechanism (6) is detachably arranged on the left side of the bottom of the molding powder laying mechanism (2);

the feeding pipe (7) is detachably arranged at the top of the front side of the powder feeding mechanism (6);

the powder collecting mechanism (8) is detachably arranged on the right side of the bottom of the molding powder paving mechanism (2);

powder mechanism (2) is spread in shaping includes:

the molding cavity (21), the door (3) is arranged at the front side of the molding cavity (21);

the two guide rails (22) are arranged, and the two guide rails (22) are respectively connected to the bottoms of the front side and the rear side of the inner cavity of the molding cavity (21) along the left-right direction by screws;

the electric sliding block (23) is sleeved on the left side of the outer wall of the guide rail (22);

the end parts of the rollers (24) are connected to the inner sides of the two electric sliding blocks (23) through bearings, and the outer walls of the rollers (24) are in contact with the bottom of the inner cavity of the molding cavity (21);

the two straight gears (25) are connected with two ends of the outer wall of the roller (24) in a key mode respectively;

the two racks (26) are arranged, the two racks (26) are detachably arranged on the front side and the rear side of the inner cavity of the molding cavity (21), and the racks (26) are meshed and connected with the straight gear (25);

the positioning mechanism (4) comprises:

the forming chamber (41), the forming chamber (41) is detachably arranged at the bottom center of the forming cavity (21);

the first hydraulic cylinder (42) is connected to the center of the bottom of the forming chamber (41) through a screw, and the output end of the first hydraulic cylinder (42) extends to the inner cavity of the forming chamber (41);

the first piston (43), the said first piston (43) is set up in the carry-out terminal of the first fluid cylinder (42) removably;

the filling mechanism (5) comprises:

the shell (51), the said shell (51) is set up in the exinous wall of the shaping chamber (41) removably;

the motor (52), the screw of the motor (52) is connected to the center position of the front side of the shell (51), and the output end of the motor (52) extends to the inner cavity of the shell (51);

the driving bevel gear (53), the driving bevel gear (53) is connected with the output end of the motor (52) in a key mode;

the two ends of the screw rod (54) are connected to the front sides of the left inner wall and the right inner wall of the shell (51) through bearings;

the driven conical gear (55), the driven conical gear (55) is connected to the middle part of the lead screw (54) in a key mode, and the driven conical gear (55) is in meshed connection with the driving conical gear (53);

the number of the screw nuts (56) is two, and the two screw nuts (56) are respectively screwed on the left side and the right side of the outer wall of the screw (54);

the number of the sliding rods (57) is eight, and four of the eight sliding rods (57) are fixedly connected to four corners of the left inner wall and the right inner wall of the shell (51) in a group;

the filling block (58) is sleeved on the outer wall of the sliding rod (57), and the inner side of the filling block (58) extends to the inner wall of the forming chamber (41);

and one side of the connecting plate (59) is detachably connected with the rear side of the screw nut (56), and the other side of the connecting plate (59) is detachably connected with the front side of the filling block (58).

2. The powder feeding and spreading device of the SLM type metal 3D printer according to claim 1, characterized in that: the powder feeding mechanism (6) comprises:

the storage box (61) is detachably arranged at the left side of the bottom of the forming cavity (21), and one end of the feeding pipe (7) is detachably arranged at the top of the front side of the storage box (61);

the second hydraulic cylinder (62), the second hydraulic cylinder (62) is connected to the bottom of the storage box (61) through screws, and the output end of the second hydraulic cylinder (62) extends out of the bottom of the inner cavity of the storage box (61);

and the second piston (63) is detachably arranged at the output end of the second hydraulic cylinder (62).

3. The powder feeding and spreading device of the SLM type metal 3D printer according to claim 1, characterized in that: receive whitewashed mechanism (8) and include:

the collecting box (81), the collecting box (81) is detachably arranged at the right side of the bottom of the forming cavity (21);

the valve (82), the valve (82) is detachably arranged at the bottom of the collecting box (81).

4. The powder feeding and spreading device of the SLM type metal 3D printer according to claim 1, characterized in that: the threads on the left side and the right side of the outer wall of the lead screw (54) are positive and negative threads.

5. The powder feeding and spreading device of the SLM type metal 3D printer according to claim 1, characterized in that: the inner side of the connecting plate (59) is detachably provided with a buffer plate (510).