CN111659455B - Preparation method and application of Co-CDs @ NM photocatalyst - Google Patents
Preparation method and application of Co-CDs @ NM photocatalyst Download PDFInfo
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- YLZOPXRUQYQQID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)-1-[4-[2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]propan-1-one Chemical compound N1N=NC=2CN(CCC=21)CCC(=O)N1CCN(CC1)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F YLZOPXRUQYQQID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N Gluconic acid Natural products OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(CCNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur monoxide Chemical class S=O XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/8621—Removing nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/8625—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/8628—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/74—Iron group metals
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- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method and application of a Co-CDs @ NM photocatalyst 2 Stirring MIL-125 for 6 hours, and performing suction filtration to obtain a solid; and (3) drying the obtained solid in vacuum at 45 ℃ for 8h, and putting the dried solid into a tubular furnace for calcination to obtain the Co-CDs @ NM photocatalyst. The preparation method is simple to operate, mild in condition and low in equipment requirement, and is an environment-friendly and simple preparation method. The Co-CDs @ NM photocatalyst prepared by the invention is a low-toxicity catalyst, and can oxidize ppb-level NO to form nitrate radical or nitrite radical which is easy to remove, thereby effectively removing nitrate radical or nitrite radicalNO。
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of catalysts, in particular to a preparation method and application of a Co-CDs @ NM photocatalyst.
Background
With the growing concern over serious environmental problems, cost-effective and efficient techniques have been developed to detect, condition and eliminate various atmospheric pollutants (nitrogen oxides (NO) x ) Particulate Matter (PM), Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) and Sulfur Oxides (SO) x ) Etc.) have been a hot topic. Among them, nitrogen oxide is considered as one of the major threats to global climate change and human health problems because it is the most important factor for the formation of photochemical smog, acid rain, haze, and the like. Several methods including oxidation, heterogeneous catalytic reduction, and physical/chemical adsorption have been reported to show higher efficiency in removing NO. The above method has problems that high temperature condition is required for reaction, the input cost is high, continuous energy input is required, and the like, so that professional equipment, high energy consumption and cost are required for treating NO, and environmental pollution is caused. These methods have been investigated for higher concentration atmospheric NO treatment and are not suitable for ppb level NO treatment. For ppb level NO treatment, there is an urgent need to develop a technology having the following features: (i) efficiently converting NO at room temperature; (ii) low cost and sustainable energy input; and (iii) stable performance of large scale gas cleaning.
Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs) are a class of crystalline micro-mesoporous hybrid materials with an extended self-assembled 3D network that exhibit a variety of potential applications into a single complex structure by integrating intrinsic porosity, catalytic components (metal ions) and light-capturing moieties (ligands). Thus, MOF can be promoted due to the large number of exposed active sitesAnd reactants, and they have therefore attracted considerable attention in the field of photocatalytic elimination of nitrogen oxides. How to react NH 2 The technique of using Metal Organic Framework (MOF) such as MIL-125 for ppb level NO treatment has not been reported.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to solve the problem that the existing oxidation, heterogeneous catalytic reduction and physical/chemical adsorption methods are not suitable for removing ppb-level NO, and provides a preparation method and application of a Co-CDs @ NM photocatalyst.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of a Co-CDs @ NM photocatalyst is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) dissolving cobalt gluconate in ethanol/water solution, adding NH 2 Stirring MIL-125 for 6-8h, and performing suction filtration to obtain a solid;
(2) and (3) drying the obtained solid at 45-60 ℃ in vacuum for 8-12h, and calcining the solid in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain the Co-CDs @ NM photocatalyst.
Wherein, in the step (1), the cobalt gluconate and NH 2- Mass ratio of MIL-125 of 68-210: 300. the calcination in the step (2) is to perform calcination for 2-5h after the temperature is raised to 200-240 ℃ at the temperature raising speed of 3-5 ℃/min under the nitrogen atmosphere.
Further, the NH 2 -MIL-125 was prepared as follows:
1) dissolving 2-amino terephthalic acid in DMF and absolute methanol, adding titanium isopropoxide, placing the mixture in a box at 110-130 ℃ for 72-80 h, standing and cooling to room temperature;
2) soaking the solid obtained by filtering in the step 1) in DMF and methanol respectively overnight, and then carrying out suction filtration to obtain a solid;
3) vacuum drying the solid obtained in the step 2) at the temperature of 100 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain NH 2 -MIL-125。
In the step 1), the mass-to-volume ratio of the 2-amino terephthalic acid to the titanium isopropoxide is as follows: 1 g, 1-2 mL. The volume ratio of DMF to absolute methanol is 4: 1.
The invention also provides an application of the Co-CDs @ NM photocatalyst, and the prepared Co-CDs @ NM photocatalyst is used for removing ppb-level NO.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention provides a preparation method of a Co-CDs @ NM photocatalyst, which adopts a metal organic framework NH 2 Stirring MIL-125 and cobalt gluconate at room temperature, and calcining to obtain Co-CDs @ NM photocatalyst; in the calcining process, cobalt gluconate is carbonized to form Co-CDs, an ionic Co-doped carbon nanodot metal organic framework material Co-CDs @ NM photocatalyst is formed, the obtained Co-CDs @ NM photocatalyst is a low-toxicity catalyst, ppb-level NO can be oxidized to form nitrate radical or nitrite radical which is easy to remove, and therefore the purpose of removing NO is achieved.
2. With original NH 2 Compared with MIL-125, the NO removal rate of Co-CDs @ NM is improved by 40% under the irradiation of visible light for half an hour; the NO removal rate of Co-CDs @ NM was improved by 46.6% compared to commercial P25.
3. The preparation method is simple to operate, mild in condition and low in equipment requirement, and is an environment-friendly and simple preparation method.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is NH of examples 1 and 2 of the present invention 2 XRD patterns of MIL-125 and Co-CDs @ NM.
FIG. 2 is NH of examples 1 and 2 of the present invention 2 FT-IR spectra of MIL-125 and Co-CDs @ NM.
FIG. 3 is a Co 2p XPS spectrum of Co-CDs @ NM of example 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is NH of examples 1 and 2 of the present invention 2 UV-Vis spectra of MIL-125 and Co-CDs @ NM.
FIG. 5 is NH of examples 1 and 2 of the present invention 2 PL profile of MIL-125 and Co-CDs @ NM.
FIG. 6 is NH of examples 1 and 2 of the present invention 2 EIS spectra of MIL-125 and Co-CDs @ NM.
FIG. 7 shows NH in examples 1 and 2 of the present invention 2 Transient optoflowgrams of MIL-125 and Co-CDs @ NM.
FIG. 8 is the present inventionNH of EXAMPLES 1 and 2 2 ESR spectra of MIL-125 and Co-CDs @ NM.
FIG. 9 is NH of examples 1 and 2 of the present invention 2 Photocatalytic NO removal profile of MIL-125 and Co-CDs @ NM.
FIG. 10 is a graph of the NO removal cycle for Co-CDs @ NM of examples 1 and 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings and the embodiments.
One, NH 2 Preparation of-MIL-125
Example 1
1) Dissolving 2-aminoterephthalic acid with the mass of 2.86 g in a mixed solution of 40 mL of DMF and 10 mL of anhydrous methanol, adding titanium isopropoxide with the volume of 2.86 mL, placing the mixture in a hydrothermal reaction kettle, placing the hydrothermal reaction kettle in an oven, keeping the temperature at 110 ℃ for 72 hours, standing and cooling to room temperature;
2) soaking and washing the solid obtained by filtering in the step 1) with DMF (dimethyl formamide) and methanol respectively overnight, and then carrying out suction filtration to obtain a solid;
3) vacuum drying the solid obtained in the step 2) to obtain NH 2 -MIL-125。
Synthesis of di, Co-CDs @ NM photocatalyst
Example 2
(1) 136.77 mg of cobalt gluconate was dissolved in 30 mL of ethanol/water (9: 1) solution, and 300mg of NH was added 2 -MIL-125 is stirred for 6h and then filtered with an ethanol/water (9: 1) solution to obtain a solid.
(2) And (3) drying the obtained solid at 45 ℃ for 8h in vacuum, then putting the dried solid into a tubular furnace, heating to 240 ℃ at a heating speed of 5 ℃/min in a nitrogen atmosphere, and calcining for 2h to obtain the Co-CDs @ NM photocatalyst.
The Co-CDs @ NM obtained in this example was analyzed and tested, wherein XRD spectrum of Co-CDs @ NM is shown in FIG. 1, FT-IR spectrum (Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR)) is shown in FIG. 2, and XPS spectrum of Co 2p is shown in FIG. 3, indicating that Co dopant valence is Co dopant valence II The UV-Vis spectrum is shown in FIG. 4, the PL spectrum is shown in FIG. 5, and the EIS spectrum is shown in FIG. 6The transient photocurrent is shown in fig. 7. The combination of XRD, FT-IR and XPS confirmed NH after the carbonization process 2 Some heterogeneous species (Co-CDs) have been generated in the MIL-125 wells. UV-Vis, PL, EIS and transient photocurrent revealed that Co-CDs @ NM was able to absorb more visible light and effectively separate the photogenerated carriers, promoting photocatalytic performance. The detection of active groups generated under visible light irradiation using Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) spin trapping technology (DMPO as the trapping agent) is shown in fig. 8. Under visible light irradiation, DMPO-. O was observed 2 - And typical characteristic peaks of ESR signal of DMPO-. OH adduct, confirming that O.O.is generated during the photocatalytic reaction 2 - And OH radicals.
Cobalt gluconate and NH in examples 3-4 2- The amount of MIL-125 added is shown in Table 1, and the remaining parameters are the same as in example 2, to obtain Co-CDs @ NM photocatalysts, respectively.
TABLE 1 cobalt gluconate and NH in examples 2-4 2- MIL-125 addition scale
| Examples | Gluconic acid cobalt/mg | NH 2- MIL-125 / (mg) |
| Example 2 | 136.77 | 300 |
| Example 3 | 205.15 | 300 |
| Example 4 | 68.39 | 300 |
Third, testing NO removal performance of photocatalyst
(one) Single test
The photocatalytic performance of the prepared samples was tested by eliminating ppb levels of NO in a continuous flow reactor. The reactor comprises a rectangular glass box with a capacity of 4.5L and two common LED lamps (12W) placed vertically above the reactor. NH prepared in example 1 2 MIL-125 and the Co-CDs @ NM catalyst prepared in example 2 (0.1 g each) were weighed and placed in two sample dishes 12cm in diameter. The catalyst was dispersed for testing by adding ethanol (approximately 10 mL) to the two sample dishes and then sonicating for 5 minutes. Before testing, the dispersed catalyst was placed in an oven to dry until all the solvent evaporated, and then cooled to room temperature.
In the experiment, the treated samples are respectively placed in the middle of the reactor. Initial concentration of NO was from 100ppm (N) 2 Equilibrium) was obtained in compressed gas cylinders, diluted to 520 ppb. The flow rates of NO and air are controlled at 15 mL/min and 2.4L/min respectively, so that the premixing of NO and air in an air bottle is facilitated. After reaching the adsorption-desorption equilibrium, the lamp above the glass vessel was turned on for illumination. Using NO x The NO concentration was measured with an analyzer (Thermo Scientific, 42 i-TL). The analyser also monitors NO 2 And NO x Concentration of (NO) x Represents NO 2 + NO). The removal rate (η) of NO is calculated by the following formula:
η(%)=(1-C/C 0 ) × 100% (1)
wherein C is the concentration of NO in the outlet stream; c 0 Is the concentration of NO in the feed stream.
2 Results of photocatalytic NO removal of NH-MIL-125 prepared in example 1 and Co-CDs @ NM prepared in example 2 2 As shown in fig. 9. As can be seen from the figure, after 30 minutes of illuminationThe NO removal rate of NH-MIL-125 reaches 26.8%. And Co- The NO removal rate of CDs @ NM reaches 66.8%. Under the irradiation of visible light, the removal rate of the Co-CDs @ NM photocatalytic NO is far higher than the quotient With P25 (about 20.2%)。
This is because NH is irradiated under visible light 2 Both MIL-125 and CDs are photoexcited to generate carriers. NH 2 The photo-generated electrons of MIL-125 and CDs can be rapidly transferred to the ionic Co due to their close interfacial contact and matching band positions. The excited photogenerated electron/hole pairs are effectively separated, contributing to improved photoelectrochemical properties of Co-CDs @ NM. The Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) spin trapping technology (DMPO as trapping agent) detects O generated under irradiation of visible light 2 - OH radicals, the radicals formed further oxidizing NO to form HNO 2 And HNO 3 And the like. In photocatalytic reactions, each component of the composite catalyst performs its own function: 2 NH-MIL-125 has a significant adsorption surface area and is itself a visible light drive A mobile photocatalyst; CDs are taken as a cocatalyst, the band gap of the CDs is well matched with the related spectrum of sunlight, and the CDs are beneficial to absorption of visible light 2 Collecting and enhancing optical activity; the ionic Co acts like a buffer layer between NH-MIL-125 and CDs, helping to separate electricity Charge carriers and enhance visible light absorption. Therefore, the Co-CDs @ NM photocatalyst prepared by the invention can effectively remove The removal rate of NO can reach 66.8 percent, which is far away from the prior artAbove NH 2 MIL-125 and commercial PM 25.
The Co-CDs @ NM photocatalysts prepared in examples 3 and 4 were tested for NO removal using the test methods described above, and the test results are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 table of test results for NO removal for each catalyst
| Examples | NO removal efficiency |
| Commercial P25 | 20.2% |
| Example 1 | 26.8% |
| Example 2 | 66.8％ |
| Example 3 | 57.5% |
| Example 4 | 44.9% |
(II) cycle test
The photocatalyst of Co-CDs @ NM prepared in example 2 was used for the cycle removal NO test. The test method was the same as the single test, with each 30 minutes of light exposure (at which time adsorption-desorption equilibrium was reached), then the lamp was turned off, the NO concentration was again diluted to 520 ppb, and then the lamp was turned on for a second cycle to remove NO. The above steps were repeated until 5 tests were completed. The test results of 5 cycles of the cycle test are shown in fig. 10, the NO removal efficiencies are 66.8%, 61.1%, 60.3%, 58.5% and 57.8% in sequence, which shows that the prepared Co-CDs @ NM has better stability and the advantage of removing NO has good reusability, is a photocatalyst capable of efficiently and stably removing NO, and is worthy of popularization and use.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the technical solutions, and those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions, and all that should be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (6)
- Use of a Co-CDs @ NM photocatalyst, wherein the Co-CDs @ NM photocatalyst is used to remove ppb NO; the preparation method of the Co-CDs @ NM photocatalyst comprises the following steps:(1) dissolving cobalt gluconate in ethanol/water solution, adding NH 2 Stirring MIL-125 for 6-8h, and performing suction filtration to obtain a solid;(2) and (3) drying the obtained solid at 45-60 ℃ in vacuum for 8-12h, and calcining the solid in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain the Co-CDs @ NM photocatalyst.
- 2. Use of a Co-CDs @ NM photocatalyst as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (1), the cobalt gluconate is in combination with NH 2- The mass ratio of MIL-125 is 68-210: 300.
- 3. the use of a Co-CDs @ NM photocatalyst as defined in claim 1, wherein the calcination in step (2) is performed after raising the temperature to 200-240 ℃ at a temperature raising rate of 3-5 ℃/min under a nitrogen atmosphere for 2-5 h.
- 4. The use of a Co-CDs @ NM photocatalyst as defined in claim 1, wherein the NH is 2 -MIL-125 was prepared as follows:1) dissolving 2-amino terephthalic acid in DMF and absolute methanol, adding titanium isopropoxide, placing the mixture in an oven at 110-130 ℃ for 72-80 h, standing and cooling to room temperature;2) soaking the solid obtained by filtering in the step 1) in DMF and methanol respectively overnight, and then carrying out suction filtration to obtain a solid;3) vacuum drying the solid obtained in 2) at 100 ℃ for 12h to obtain NH 2 -MIL-125。
- 5. Use of a Co-CDs @ NM photocatalyst as claimed in claim 4, wherein in step 1), the mass to volume ratio of 2-aminoterephthalic acid to titanium isopropoxide is: 1 g, 1-2 mL.
- 6. Use of a Co-CDs @ NM photocatalyst as claimed in claim 4, wherein in step 1), the volume ratio of DMF and anhydrous methanol is 4: 1.
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