CN111659320B - Hydrogen cooling box for hydrogenation reactor - Google Patents
Hydrogen cooling box for hydrogenation reactor Download PDFInfo
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- CN111659320B CN111659320B CN202010539757.3A CN202010539757A CN111659320B CN 111659320 B CN111659320 B CN 111659320B CN 202010539757 A CN202010539757 A CN 202010539757A CN 111659320 B CN111659320 B CN 111659320B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
- B01J8/04—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds
- B01J8/0492—Feeding reactive fluids
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
- B01J8/04—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds
- B01J8/0496—Heating or cooling the reactor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G49/00—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, not provided for in a single one of groups C10G45/02, C10G45/32, C10G45/44, C10G45/58 or C10G47/00
- C10G49/002—Apparatus for fixed bed hydrotreatment processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G49/00—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, not provided for in a single one of groups C10G45/02, C10G45/32, C10G45/44, C10G45/58 or C10G47/00
- C10G49/007—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, not provided for in a single one of groups C10G45/02, C10G45/32, C10G45/44, C10G45/58 or C10G47/00 in the presence of hydrogen from a special source or of a special composition or having been purified by a special treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
- B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2208/00327—Controlling the temperature by direct heat exchange
- B01J2208/00336—Controlling the temperature by direct heat exchange adding a temperature modifying medium to the reactants
- B01J2208/00345—Cryogenic coolants
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/00796—Details of the reactor or of the particulate material
- B01J2208/00893—Feeding means for the reactants
- B01J2208/00902—Nozzle-type feeding elements
Abstract
The invention discloses a cold hydrogen box for a hydrogenation reactor, which comprises a reactor shell, and a cold hydrogen pipe, a liquid collecting plate, a liquid collecting pipe and a dispersion plate which are arranged on the inner wall of the reactor shell from top to bottom; the cold hydrogen pipe is a ring pipe and is arranged close to the inner wall of the reactor shell; the liquid collecting plate is in a right circular cone shape and is arranged below the cold hydrogen pipe, and the diameter of the large end of the circular cone is larger than the diameter of the inner ring of the cold hydrogen pipe and smaller than the diameter of the central ring line of the cold hydrogen pipe; the liquid collecting pipe is an annular pipe with an arc-shaped section, the opening of the annular pipe is upward, the annular pipe is arranged right below the hydrogen cooling pipe, and a liquid discharging hole is formed in the pipe wall of the liquid collecting pipe; the dispersion plate is integrally concave, is arranged below the liquid collecting pipe and is provided with dispersion holes; the pipe wall of the cold hydrogen pipe facing the liquid collecting plate is provided with spray holes facing the liquid collecting plate, and the pipe wall of the cold hydrogen pipe facing the liquid collecting pipe is provided with spray holes facing the liquid collecting pipe. The invention fully and uniformly cools the hot material by twice collecting and cooling the hot material; and the structure is compact, the space in the reactor is fully utilized, and the investment of the reactor is saved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of internal components of hydrogenation reactors, in particular to a cold hydrogen box for a hydrogenation reactor.
Background
In recent years, with the gradual upgrade of quality standards of petrochemical products and the stricter of environmental regulations, the hydrogenation technology plays an increasingly important role in the oil refining industry, and in addition, the requirement of 'eating, drying and squeezing out' of raw oil, and oil refining enterprises at home and abroad rapidly expand the hydrotreating capability of various oil products in order to improve the economic benefit and meet the requirement of environmental protection.
The key core equipment of hydrotreating is a hydrogenation reactor, and inside the hydrogenation reactor, a mixture of hydrogen and raw oil in a certain proportion is subjected to various hydrogenation reactions under the action of a catalyst at a certain temperature and pressure. Since the hydrogenation reaction is a strong exothermic reaction in which three phases of gas, liquid and solid exist, the temperature in the reactor will rise along with the progress of the reaction, but the catalyst will be deactivated, even coked and hardened when the temperature is too high, therefore, in order to stabilize the performance of the catalyst and to make the device operate stably, cold hydrogen gas needs to be added into the reactor to control the temperature rising speed of the bed layer. The reactor is generally provided with more than 2 catalyst bed layers, and a cold hydrogen box is arranged between the bed layers and is used for mixing low-temperature hydrogen injected by a cold hydrogen pipe and high-temperature reactants flowing down from the upper catalyst bed layers so as to reduce the temperature of reaction materials and fully exert the performance of the catalyst. The cold hydrogen box is a place for mixing and transferring heat of cold hydrogen and hot material flow, is one of key internal components of the hydrogenation reactor, and has direct influence on the stability of hydrogenation reaction, the service life of a catalyst, the product quality and the operation period of a device.
At present, the cold hydrogen box generally adopts the principles of throttling, collision, rotational flow and atomization in structural design, so that the structure is more complex. There are two main aspects to evaluate the performance of the cold hydrogen box: mixed heat transfer performance and pressure drop. The more sufficient the gas-liquid two-phase contact is, the better the mixing heat transfer performance of cold hydrogen is, and the temperature of hot material flow is effectively reduced; the lower the pressure drop of the cold hydrogen tank, the smaller the load of the recycle hydrogen compressor and the less energy loss. In addition, the cold hydrogen box is compact as much as possible, so that the height of the cold hydrogen box is reduced, the total height of the reactor is reduced, and the investment is saved.
Patent CN201210408335.8 discloses a quench hydrogen tank, which comprises a liquid collecting plate, a liquid dropping plate, a partition plate and a redistribution sieve plate from top to bottom, wherein a cold hydrogen pipe is buried in the liquid phase of a liquid collecting tank in a circular pipe mode, cold hydrogen is sprayed out from the cold hydrogen circular pipe to stir and bubble the liquid phase, and the gas-liquid heat transfer is enhanced by utilizing the larger temperature difference between the cold hydrogen and the liquid phase; the liquid in the liquid collecting tank is dispersed by the dropping liquid plate and then falls down in the form of liquid drops, so that the contact area of gas phase and liquid phase is increased, and the heat exchange efficiency of the hydrogen cooling tank is greatly improved. However, the cold hydrogen box has short material retention time, is easy to cause uneven heat exchange, and can cause a series of problems when the gas-liquid ratio changes.
Patent CN200620133859.0 discloses a spiral-flow type hydrogen cooling box, which is composed of a hydrogen cooling pipe, a baffle, a semicircular mixing channel, a tangential flow guide pipe, a mixing box, a sieve plate and the like. The device is characterized in that a mixing-assisting structure and an opening diversion cone are additionally arranged, so that cold hydrogen and hot material flow are premixed in a semicircular mixing channel and then are subjected to rotational flow mixing in a mixing box, and the mixing and heat transfer effects between the cold hydrogen and the hot material flow are improved. However, the volume occupied by the cold hydrogen box is still larger due to the tangential draft tube, and layered flow is easily formed due to density difference when gas and liquid phases are in parallel flow, so that the heat transfer effect is not obviously increased by only prolonging the flow path.
Patent CN201210168308.8 discloses cold hydrogen propulsive spiral-flow type cold hydrogen case, and the mixing drum sets up in the bottom suspension fagging center, and the whirl pipe communicates with the mixing drum along horizontal direction tangential. The rectangular gas-liquid descending pipe is vertically arranged outside the mixing cylinder, the upper part of the rectangular gas-liquid descending pipe is connected with the fluid inlet on the upper supporting plate, and the lower part of the rectangular gas-liquid descending pipe is tangentially communicated with the outer wall of the cyclone pipe along the vertical direction. The upper end of the cold hydrogen branch pipe is connected with a cold hydrogen pipe positioned outside the upper supporting plate, and the lower end of the cold hydrogen branch pipe is tangentially connected with the outside of the cyclone pipe along the horizontal direction. An outlet is arranged at the center of the mixing cylinder, arc-shaped swirl vanes are arranged at two sides of the outlet, and a lower supporting plate is arranged below the outlet. The cold hydrogen box utilizes cold hydrogen to push gas-liquid rotational flow, prolongs the retention time and improves the heat transfer efficiency through the three-dimensional rotation of fluid, but has a complex structure and larger occupied space.
The cold hydrogen box prolongs the contact time of cold and hot material flows through rotational flow, or increases the contact area by stirring and bubbling the liquid phase through cold hydrogen so as to improve the heat transfer effect of cold and hot materials. But still has the phenomena of insufficient mixing of cold hydrogen and hot materials, uneven temperature reduction of hot material flow, large structure volume and large pressure drop, and needs further improvement.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a cold hydrogen box for a hydrogenation reactor, aiming at solving the technical problems of insufficient mixing of cold hydrogen and hot materials, uneven temperature reduction of hot material flow, large structural volume and large pressure drop of the cold hydrogen box of the existing hydrogenation reactor, and aiming at strengthening the mixing and heat transfer effect of gas phase and liquid phase on the premise of lower height of the cold hydrogen box.
The hydrogen cooling box for the hydrogenation reactor comprises a reactor shell, and a hydrogen cooling pipe, a liquid collecting plate, a liquid collecting pipe and a dispersion plate which are arranged on the inner wall of the reactor shell from top to bottom; the hydrogen cooling pipe is a ring pipe and is arranged close to the inner wall of the reactor shell; the liquid collecting plate is in a right circular cone shape and is arranged below the cold hydrogen pipe, and the diameter of the large end of the circular cone is larger than the diameter of the inner ring of the cold hydrogen pipe and smaller than the diameter of the central ring line of the cold hydrogen pipe; the liquid collecting pipe is an annular pipe with an arc-shaped section, the opening of the annular pipe is upward, the annular pipe is arranged right below the hydrogen cooling pipe, and a liquid discharging hole is formed in the pipe wall of the liquid collecting pipe; the whole dispersion plate is concave and is a concave dispersion plate, is arranged below the liquid collecting pipe and is provided with dispersion holes; the pipe wall of the cold hydrogen pipe facing the liquid collecting plate is provided with spray holes facing the liquid collecting plate, and the pipe wall of the cold hydrogen pipe facing the liquid collecting pipe is provided with spray holes facing the liquid collecting pipe.
The liquid collecting plate collects the liquid phase flowing down from the upper part of the reactor, and primary cooling is carried out on the liquid collecting plate. The liquid collecting plate is in a regular cone shape, the inclination angle of the cone is 1-10 degrees, and the gap between the large end of the cone and the inner wall of the reactor shell is 100-500 mm. The liquid phase flowing down from the upper part of the reactor flows into the liquid collecting pipe from the liquid collecting plate under the action of gravity. The liquid collecting plate is supported and fixed on the inner wall of the reactor shell through 3-20 liquid collecting plates.
The liquid collecting plate can be improved in many aspects:
firstly, an annular enclosing plate can be arranged below the large conical end of the liquid collecting plate to ensure that liquid can completely flow into the liquid collecting pipe under the action of gravity.
And secondly, the annular cofferdam can be arranged above the conical large end of the liquid collecting plate, so that the speed of a liquid phase flowing down from the liquid collecting plate is reduced, the retention time of the liquid phase on the liquid collecting plate is increased, the motion direction of the liquid phase on the liquid collecting plate is changed, the flow speed of the liquid phase is not too high, and the liquid phase is prevented from striking the liquid collecting pipe to rebound and not entering the liquid collecting pipe. The combined action of the annular coaming and the annular cofferdam ensures that all liquid phases enter the liquid collecting pipe for secondary cooling.
Thirdly, in order to further prevent the gas-liquid two-phase layered flow, a spoiler can be arranged on the liquid collecting plate, and the spoiler can be round steel, flat steel or angle steel, so that the purpose of the baffle is to prolong the retention time of the liquid phase on the liquid collecting plate, and to destroy the gas-liquid two-phase layered flow and increase the disturbance of the liquid phase. The spoilers are arranged at intervals in a ring shape with the center of the liquid collecting plate as the center.
Fourthly, in order to increase the rotary flow of the liquid phase in the liquid collecting pipe, only a guide plate is arranged on the liquid collecting plate, and a cofferdam and a spoiler are not arranged. The guide plate is in an arc streamline shape, the liquid collecting plate is arranged in an impeller shape by taking the center of the liquid collecting plate as the center, and 3-20 guide plates can be arranged. The setting of deflector can make the liquid phase on the collecting plate when getting into the collector tube, and the flow direction is unanimous with the flow direction of collecting intraductal medium, and the liquid phase that gets into the collector tube afterwards does not destroy the liquid flow direction in the former collector tube, does not lose the liquid kinetic energy in the former collector tube to produce the pushing action to the flow of liquid phase in the collector tube.
The hydrogen cooling pipe is a round pipe of DN 50-DN 400, winds the inner wall of the reactor shell for a circle, and conveys the low-temperature hydrogen into the reactor. The aperture of two spray holes facing the liquid collecting plate on the cold hydrogen pipe is 3-30 mm, the spray holes facing the liquid collecting plate generally face the center of the reactor, and hydrogen sprayed from the cold hydrogen pipe impacts a liquid phase flowing down from the liquid collecting plate to cool the liquid phase for the first time; the liquid phase in the liquid collecting pipe is cooled for the second time towards the spray holes of the liquid collecting pipe, the kinetic energy of the cold hydrogen stirs the liquid phase in the liquid collecting pipe, turbulence is increased, and heat transfer of the liquid phase and the cold hydrogen is increased. It should be noted that the orifices facing the manifold should be moved back and forth as appropriate to avoid the manifold support if it meets the manifold support.
As an improvement on the cold hydrogen pipe, the spray holes facing the liquid collecting pipe are inclined to the plane of the ring where the cold hydrogen pipe is located at the same inclination angle, namely the axes of the spray holes and the plane of the ring where the cold hydrogen pipe is located form an acute angle, and the inclination angle is generally 30-60 degrees. Therefore, the kinetic energy impact of the cold hydrogen can be fully utilized to boost the liquid phase flow in the liquid collecting pipe and stir the liquid phase in the liquid collecting pipe so as to strengthen heat transfer and enhance the effect of the hydrogen cooling box. The spray holes which are arranged in an inclined mode and face the liquid collecting pipe are matched with the guide plate on the liquid collecting plate, so that the spray holes and the guide plate can generate consistent pushing action on the flow of liquid phase in the liquid collecting pipe, and the heat transfer enhancement is facilitated.
The cross section of the liquid collecting pipe is a part of the cross section of a circular pipe with the diameter of 100-700 mm, the opening of the liquid collecting pipe faces upwards, and the liquid collecting pipe surrounds the inner wall of the shell of the reactor for a circle and is used for receiving a liquid phase flowing down from the liquid collecting plate. And the liquid collecting pipe is provided with a liquid discharging hole, the liquid discharging hole faces the dispersion plate, and the liquid phase cooled in the liquid collecting pipe is dispersed on the dispersion plate through the liquid discharging hole. The inner side of the collector tube (the side close to the center of the reactor) may be slightly lower than the outer side (the side close to the inner wall of the reactor shell) so that it is ensured that the liquid phase rapidly enters the dispersion plate in case of an increase in the liquid phase.
As a further improvement on the liquid collecting pipe, a liquid guide pipe with a groove-shaped section can be arranged below the liquid discharge hole on the pipe wall of the inner side of the liquid collecting pipe, the liquid guide pipe is obliquely and downwards arranged, and the liquid phase flowing out of the liquid discharge hole can be led to the central area of the reactor, so that the uniform distribution of the liquid phase on the section of the reactor is facilitated. In order to simplify the design, the liquid guide pipe is preferably made of a section bar, such as C-shaped steel, channel steel, a round pipe and the like, and the sectional area of the liquid guide pipe is preferably 3-15% of that of the liquid collection pipe.
In order to further increase turbulence and destroy a boundary layer, a plurality of high-wear-resistance steel balls can be placed in the liquid collecting pipe to serve as an auxiliary mixture, the diameter of each steel ball is 3-40 mm and is at least 1.2-1.4 times of the diameter of a liquid discharging hole in the liquid collecting pipe, and the total diameter of all the steel balls is preferably 10-60% of the circumference of the liquid collecting pipe. The kinetic energy of the cold hydrogen stirs the liquid phase in the liquid collecting pipe, so that the liquid phase and the high-wear-resistance steel ball move together, and due to the gravity difference, the steel ball is arranged at the lower part of the liquid, the turbulence degree of the liquid phase in the liquid collecting pipe is increased, the layered flow of the liquid phase is damaged, and the gas-liquid heat transfer coefficient is increased.
In order to ensure that the high abrasion-resistant steel balls in the liquid collecting pipe are not flushed away from the liquid collecting pipe under the impact of cold hydrogen, a circle of baffle is arranged on the inner side of the liquid collecting pipe to prevent the steel balls from leaving the liquid collecting pipe.
As a further improvement on the high-wear-resistant steel ball, an annular groove can be formed in the surface of the high-wear-resistant steel ball, the annular groove can be a continuous groove or an intermittent groove, the groove width is 0.5-3 mm, and the groove depth is preferably 1-10% of the diameter of the high-wear-resistant steel ball, and is preferably 3-5%. The annular groove can be one layer or two or more layers, and the effect of the annular groove is that in the motion process of the high wear-resistant steel ball, a boundary layer which obstructs heat transfer can be further destroyed, the turbulence degree in the liquid collecting pipe is enhanced, the heat transfer is enhanced, and the further cooling of a liquid phase is promoted.
The concave dispersion plate can adopt different structures:
structure one, for utilizing the gravity of liquid phase, make more even distribution of liquid phase to whole reactor cross-section, the spill dispersion board is the toper dispersion board that is the back taper, and the cone angle is 150 ~ 177 degrees generally, from reducing the cold hydrogen case height, saving investment aspect consideration, and toper dispersion board cone angle uses 165 ~ 175 degrees as being suitable. The cone angle of the conical dispersion plate is related to the properties of the processing raw materials, the flowability of the processing raw materials is poor, and the cone angle of the conical dispersion plate is small; the fluidity of the processing material is good, and the cone angle of the conical dispersion plate can be properly increased.
As an improvement to structure one, set up the bar baffle on the toper dispersion board, the bar baffle uses toper dispersion board center to be radial arrangement and cuts apart into the fan-shaped distribution region that a plurality of contains the dispersion hole with the toper dispersion board as the center, the realization will follow the liquid phase of flowing out in the outage and carry out the accurate distribution to the dispersion board on, distribution region is more, the effect of dispersion is better, bar baffle thickness generally is 2 ~ 20mm, highly is 30 ~ 120mm to thickness is 6 ~ 16mm, highly is 40 ~ 100mm suitable. In the fan-shaped distribution area separated from the conical dispersion plate, a plurality of layers of baffle plates can be arranged, and the height of each baffle plate is preferably 40-80 mm and is lower than that of the strip-shaped partition plate. The liquid phase flows from the edge of the conical dispersion plate to the center under the action of gravity; the baffling board can increase the dwell time of liquid phase on the toper dispersion board, can further increase the contact between gas-liquid two looks on the one hand, cools down the liquid phase again, improves the efficiency of cold hydrogen case, and on the other hand increases the motion path of liquid phase on the toper dispersion board, strengthens dividing the distribution effect of toper dispersion board.
As a further improvement to the first structure, the conical dispersion plate may be provided with an annular partition plate and a longitudinal partition plate. The annular baffle is the concentric circles form around toper dispersion board center and distributes, and annular baffle separates into the annular distribution region that contains the dispersion hole that the quantity is unequal with the toper dispersion board, can also set up on the toper dispersion board along the radial vertical baffle with annular baffle vertically alternately of toper dispersion board, further divides into the fan-shaped distribution region that the area is littleer contains the dispersion hole that the quantity is unequal with the annular distribution region.
And the concave dispersion plate can be an ellipsoid dispersion plate, and in order to strengthen the distribution effect of the dispersion plate, the ratio of the ellipse long axis to the ellipse short axis of the ellipsoid is 6-25, so that the liquid phase gravity is utilized to diffuse to the cross section of the whole reactor, and the height of the whole hydrogen cooling box is not too high.
As a further improvement on the second structure, the same improvement mode as the first structure can be adopted, and different forms of partition plates are arranged on the ellipsoidal dispersion plate. The baffle plate can be provided with a strip-shaped baffle plate and a baffle plate, and can also be provided with an annular baffle plate and a longitudinal baffle plate.
When the reactor works, liquid phase flowing down from the upper part of the reactor is collected by the liquid collecting plate, and cold hydrogen sprayed from the cold hydrogen pipe towards the spray holes of the liquid collecting plate impacts the liquid phase on the liquid collecting plate to carry out primary temperature reduction on the liquid phase; the liquid phase after the primary cooling flows into the liquid collecting pipe through the liquid collecting plate, the cold hydrogen sprayed towards the spray holes of the liquid collecting pipe on the cold hydrogen pipe carries out secondary cooling on the liquid phase in the liquid collecting pipe, the liquid phase after the secondary cooling enters the dispersion plate below the liquid collecting pipe through the liquid discharge hole of the liquid collecting pipe and the liquid guide pipe, and the liquid phase is more uniformly distributed to the cross section of the whole reactor through the dispersion plate.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) cold hydrogen and hot materials are fully mixed, and the hot materials are fully and uniformly cooled through twice collection and twice cooling of hot flows;
2) the efficient mixing-assisting element is arranged, the kinetic energy of cold hydrogen is utilized to stir hot material flow, heat transfer is enhanced, and the phenomenon of layered flow of gas phase and liquid phase is not easy to occur;
3) the operation elasticity is large, the operation of the hydrogen cooling box cannot be influenced along with the change of the gas-liquid ratio, the pressure drop is small, and the structure is simple;
4) the hydrogen cooling box has a compact structure, makes full use of the space inside the reactor, and reduces the height of the hydrogen cooling box, thereby reducing the height of the reactor and saving the investment of the reactor. The height of the traditional hydrogen cooling box (with a hydrogen cooling pipe) is 700-1000 mm, and the height of the hydrogen cooling box provided by the invention is only 500-800 mm. According to the diameter 4000mm of the reactor and the estimation of the design pressure 15MPa, the investment can be reduced by about 10 ten thousand when the height of the reactor is reduced by 100 mm. For a large-diameter reactor and a reactor with higher design pressure, the wall thickness of the reactor is thicker, larger investment can be saved, and the saving benefit for a multi-bed reactor is more obvious (a cold hydrogen box is arranged between every two beds).
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of one configuration of the cold hydrogen tank of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the arrangement structure of spoilers on the liquid collecting plate;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the arrangement structure of the guide plates on the collector plate;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a high wear-resistant steel ball;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of an arrangement of spray holes on the cold hydrogen pipe toward the header pipe;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the structure of the header pipe;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a split structure when the dispersion plate is a conical dispersion plate or an ellipsoidal dispersion plate;
fig. 8 is a schematic view of another division structure when the dispersion plate is a conical dispersion plate or an ellipsoidal dispersion plate.
In the figure: 1-reactor shell, 2-hydrogen cooling pipe, 3-liquid collecting plate, 4-liquid collecting pipe, 5-dispersing plate, 6-annular cofferdam, 7-annular coaming, 8-high wear-resistant steel ball, 9-baffle, 10-liquid guide pipe, 11-spoiler, 12-guide plate, 13-annular groove, 14-spray hole, 15-liquid discharge hole, 16-strip-shaped partition plate, 17-baffle plate, 18-dispersing hole, 19-annular partition plate and 20-longitudinal partition plate.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a hydrogen cooling tank of the present invention, and as shown in the figure, the hydrogen cooling tank for a hydrogenation reactor includes a reactor shell 1, and a hydrogen cooling pipe 2, a liquid collecting plate 3, a liquid collecting pipe 4 and a dispersion plate 5 which are arranged on the inner wall of the reactor shell 1 from top to bottom; the dispersion plate 5 adopts an ellipsoidal dispersion plate, and certainly, the dispersion plate 5 can also adopt a conical dispersion plate, and the ellipsoidal dispersion plate and the conical dispersion plate are both concave as a whole.
The cold hydrogen pipe 2 is a ring pipe and is arranged close to the inner wall of the reactor shell 1; the liquid collecting plate 3 is in a right cone shape and is arranged below the cold hydrogen pipe 2, and the diameter of the large end of the cone is larger than the diameter of the inner ring of the cold hydrogen pipe and smaller than the diameter of the central ring line of the cold hydrogen pipe; the liquid collecting pipe 4 is an annular pipe with an arc-shaped section, the opening of the annular pipe is upward, the annular pipe is arranged right below the cold hydrogen pipe 2, and a liquid discharging hole is formed in the pipe wall of the annular pipe; the dispersion plate 5 is arranged below the liquid collecting pipe 4, is provided with dispersion holes and is provided with an annular partition plate 19; the pipe wall of the cold hydrogen pipe 2 facing the liquid collecting plate 3 is provided with spray holes facing the liquid collecting plate, and the pipe wall of the cold hydrogen pipe 2 facing the liquid collecting pipe 4 is provided with spray holes facing the liquid collecting pipe. The arrows in the figure schematically show the directions in which the liquid phase is ejected from the two oriented orifices.
An annular cofferdam 6 is arranged above the big conical end of the liquid collecting plate 3, an annular enclosing plate 7 is arranged below the big conical end, a high-wear-resistant steel ball 8 serving as a mixture aid is placed in the liquid collecting pipe 4, a circle of baffle plate 9 is arranged on the inner side of the liquid collecting pipe 4, and a liquid guide pipe 10 with a groove-shaped section is arranged below a liquid discharge hole in the pipe wall of the inner side of the liquid collecting pipe 4.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view showing an arrangement structure of the spoilers on the collector plate, and as shown in the drawing, the spoilers 11 are arranged at intervals in a ring shape centering on the center of the collector plate 3.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the arrangement structure of the guide plates on the liquid collecting plate, and as shown in the figure, the guide plates 12 are in an arc streamline shape and are arranged in an impeller shape by taking the center of the liquid collecting plate 3 as the center. The guide plate 12 is arranged so that the liquid phase on the collector plate 3 flows in the same direction as the medium in the collector tube 4 when entering the collector tube 4, the direction of the medium flow being indicated schematically by the arrows in the figure.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the high wear-resistant steel ball, and as shown in the figure, an annular groove 13 is formed in the surface of the high wear-resistant steel ball 8, and the annular groove 13 may be a continuous groove or an intermittent groove.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view showing an arrangement of the spray holes on the cold hydrogen pipe toward the liquid collecting pipe, and as shown in the figure, the spray holes 14 are arranged at the same inclination angle to the plane of the ring where the cold hydrogen pipe is located, and the arrows in the figure schematically show the direction in which the spray holes 14 spray the liquid phase, and the direction shown by the arrows in the figure is kept in the substantially same orientation as the direction of the arrows in fig. 3. So that the liquid phase sprayed from the spray holes 14 can assist the flow of the medium in the header 4 in fig. 3.
Fig. 6 is a structural schematic diagram of the header pipe, as shown in the figure, the wall of the header pipe 4 is provided with a liquid discharge hole 15, a high wear-resistant steel ball 8 is placed in the header pipe, the arrow in the figure schematically shows the flowing direction of the medium in the header pipe, and the direction shown by the arrow in the figure is the same as the direction shown by the arrow in fig. 3.
Fig. 7 is a schematic view of a dividing structure when the dispersion plate is a conical dispersion plate or an ellipsoidal dispersion plate, and as shown in the figure, the strip-shaped partition plates 16 are radially arranged with the center of the dispersion plate as the center to divide the dispersion plate into a plurality of fan-shaped distribution areas with dispersion holes 18, and a plurality of layers of baffle plates 17 are arranged in the divided fan-shaped distribution areas.
Fig. 8 is a schematic view of another division structure when the dispersion plate is a conical dispersion plate or an ellipsoidal dispersion plate, and as shown in the figure, the annular partition plates 19 are concentrically distributed around the center of the dispersion plate, the longitudinal partition plates 20 are arranged to intersect the annular partition plates 19 perpendicularly in the radial direction of the dispersion plate, and the annular partition plates 19 and the longitudinal partition plates 20 divide the dispersion plate into fan-shaped distribution areas having different numbers of dispersion holes 18.
As shown in fig. 1, when the reactor works, liquid phase flowing down from the upper part of the reactor is collected by the liquid collecting plate 3, and cold hydrogen sprayed towards the spray holes of the liquid collecting plate 3 on the cold hydrogen pipe 2 impacts the liquid phase on the liquid collecting plate 3 to cool the liquid phase for the first time; the liquid phase after the primary cooling flows into the liquid collecting pipe 4 through the liquid collecting plate, the cold hydrogen sprayed towards the spray holes of the liquid collecting pipe 4 on the cold hydrogen pipe 2 carries out secondary cooling on the liquid phase in the liquid collecting pipe, the liquid phase after the secondary cooling enters the dispersing plate 5 below through the liquid discharge hole of the liquid collecting pipe and the liquid guide pipe, and the liquid phase is more uniformly distributed to the cross section of the whole reactor through the dispersing plate 5. The liquid phase leaves the dispersion plate 5 and enters the redistribution plate, and reacts with the catalyst after being uniformly distributed.
Claims (27)
1. A hydrogen cooling box for a hydrogenation reactor is characterized in that: comprises a reactor shell, and a cold hydrogen pipe, a liquid collecting plate, a liquid collecting pipe and a dispersion plate which are arranged on the inner wall of the reactor shell from top to bottom; the cold hydrogen pipe is a ring pipe and is arranged close to the inner wall of the reactor shell; the liquid collecting plate is in a right circular cone shape and is arranged below the cold hydrogen pipe, and the diameter of the large end of the circular cone is larger than the diameter of the inner ring of the cold hydrogen pipe and smaller than the diameter of the central ring line of the cold hydrogen pipe; the liquid collecting pipe is an annular pipe with an arc-shaped section, the opening of the annular pipe is upward, the annular pipe is arranged right below the hydrogen cooling pipe, and a liquid discharging hole is formed in the pipe wall of the liquid collecting pipe; the whole dispersion plate is concave and is a concave dispersion plate, is arranged below the liquid collecting pipe and is provided with dispersion holes; the pipe wall of the cold hydrogen pipe facing the liquid collecting plate is provided with a spray hole facing the liquid collecting plate, and the pipe wall of the cold hydrogen pipe facing the liquid collecting pipe is provided with a spray hole facing the liquid collecting pipe; and a high-wear-resistant steel ball is placed in the liquid collecting pipe to serve as an auxiliary mixture.
2. A cold hydrogen tank according to claim 1, characterized in that: the inclination angle of the cone of the liquid collecting plate is 1-10 degrees, and the gap between the large end of the cone and the inner wall of the reactor shell is 100-500 mm.
3. A cold hydrogen tank according to claim 1, characterized in that: and an annular coaming is arranged below the large conical end of the liquid collecting plate.
4. A cold hydrogen tank according to claim 1, characterized in that: an annular cofferdam is arranged above the conical large end of the liquid collecting plate.
5. A cold hydrogen tank according to claim 1, characterized in that: the liquid collecting plate is provided with spoilers which are arranged at intervals in an annular shape by taking the center of the liquid collecting plate as the center.
6. A cold hydrogen tank according to claim 1, characterized in that: the liquid collecting plate is provided with a guide plate which is in an arc streamline shape and is arranged in an impeller shape by taking the center of the liquid collecting plate as the center, so that the guide plate can push the liquid phase in the liquid collecting pipe.
7. A cold hydrogen tank according to claim 1, characterized in that: and the spray holes facing the liquid collecting pipe are inclined to the ring plane where the cold hydrogen pipe is located at the same inclination angle.
8. A cold hydrogen tank according to claim 7, characterized in that: the inclination angle is 30-60 degrees.
9. A cold hydrogen tank according to claim 1, characterized in that: the inner side of the liquid collecting pipe is lower than the outer side; the inner side of the liquid collecting pipe is one side close to the center of the reactor, and the outer side of the liquid collecting pipe is one side close to the inner wall of the shell of the reactor.
10. A cold hydrogen tank according to claim 1, characterized in that: and a liquid guide pipe with a groove-shaped section is arranged below the liquid discharge hole on the pipe wall of the inner side of the liquid collecting pipe, and the liquid guide pipe is obliquely and downwards arranged.
11. A cold hydrogen tank according to claim 10, characterized in that: the sectional area of the liquid guide pipe is 3-15% of that of the liquid collection pipe.
12. A cold hydrogen tank according to claim 1, characterized in that: the diameter of the high-wear-resistance steel balls is 1.2-1.4 times of the diameter of a liquid discharge hole in the liquid collection pipe, and the total diameter of all the steel balls is 10-60% of the circumference of the liquid collection pipe.
13. A cold hydrogen tank according to claim 1, characterized in that: and a circle of baffle is arranged at the inner side of the liquid collecting pipe.
14. A cold hydrogen tank according to claim 1, characterized in that: the surface of the high-wear-resistance steel ball is provided with an annular groove, and the annular groove is a continuous groove or an intermittent groove.
15. A cold hydrogen tank according to claim 6, characterized in that: the spray holes facing the liquid collecting pipe are arranged in a manner of inclining to the ring plane where the hydrogen cooling pipe is located at the same inclination angle, so that the spray holes facing the liquid collecting pipe and the guide plate generate a consistent pushing effect on the flow of a liquid phase in the liquid collecting pipe.
16. A cold hydrogen tank according to claim 1, characterized in that: the concave dispersion plate is a conical dispersion plate in an inverted cone shape.
17. A cold hydrogen tank according to claim 16, wherein: the cone angle of the conical dispersion plate is 150-177 degrees.
18. A cold hydrogen tank according to claim 16, characterized in that: the conical dispersion plate is provided with strip-shaped partition plates, and the strip-shaped partition plates are radially arranged by taking the center of the conical dispersion plate as the center to divide the conical dispersion plate into fan-shaped distribution areas containing dispersion holes.
19. A cold hydrogen tank according to claim 18, characterized in that: and a baffle plate is arranged in a fan-shaped distribution area partitioned from the conical dispersion plate, and the height of the baffle plate is lower than that of the strip-shaped partition plate.
20. A cold hydrogen tank according to claim 16, characterized in that: set up annular baffle on the toper dispersion board, annular baffle is the concentric circles form around toper dispersion board center and distributes, and annular baffle separates into the annular distribution region that contains the dispersion hole that the quantity is unequal with the toper dispersion board.
21. A cold hydrogen tank according to claim 20, characterized in that: the conical dispersion plate is provided with longitudinal partition plates which are vertically crossed with the annular partition plates along the radial direction of the conical dispersion plate, and the annular distribution area is divided into fan-shaped distribution areas with smaller areas and different numbers of dispersion holes.
22. A cold hydrogen tank according to claim 1, characterized in that: the concave dispersion plate is an ellipsoidal dispersion plate.
23. A cold hydrogen tank according to claim 22, characterized in that: the ratio of the elliptical major axis to the elliptical minor axis of the elliptical surface dispersion plate is 6 to 25.
24. A cold hydrogen tank according to claim 22, characterized in that: the ellipsoidal dispersion plate is provided with strip-shaped partition plates which are radially arranged by taking the center of the ellipsoidal dispersion plate as the center to divide the ellipsoidal dispersion plate into fan-shaped distribution areas containing dispersion holes.
25. A cold hydrogen tank according to claim 24, wherein: and a baffle plate is arranged in a fan-shaped distribution area partitioned from the ellipsoidal dispersion plate, and the height of the baffle plate is lower than that of the strip-shaped partition plate.
26. A cold hydrogen tank according to claim 22, characterized in that: the ellipsoidal dispersion plate is provided with an annular partition plate, the annular partition plate is concentrically distributed around the center of the ellipsoidal dispersion plate, and the ellipsoidal dispersion plate is divided into annular distribution areas with different numbers of dispersion holes by the annular partition plate.
27. A cold hydrogen tank according to claim 26, characterized in that: the ellipsoidal dispersion plate is provided with longitudinal partition plates which are vertically crossed with the annular partition plates along the radial direction of the ellipsoidal dispersion plate, and the annular distribution region is divided into fan-shaped distribution regions with smaller areas and different numbers of dispersion holes.
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| CN202010539757.3A CN111659320B (en) | 2020-06-15 | 2020-06-15 | Hydrogen cooling box for hydrogenation reactor |
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| CN111659320B true CN111659320B (en) | 2022-08-05 |
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| CN114678563B (en) * | 2022-03-22 | 2023-11-24 | 浙江天能氢能源科技有限公司 | Portable air-cooled fuel cell system |
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| JPH06198161A (en) * | 1986-10-28 | 1994-07-19 | Monsanto Co | Catalytic reactor |
| CN1732040A (en) * | 2002-11-08 | 2006-02-08 | 莫藤米勒有限公司 | Mixing device for two-phase concurrent vessels |
| CN200954445Y (en) * | 2006-10-20 | 2007-10-03 | 中国石油化工集团公司 | Flat hydrogen-cooling box |
| CN201058862Y (en) * | 2007-03-05 | 2008-05-14 | 杨占彪 | Coal-tar hydrogenation upgrading reaction device |
| CN201493099U (en) * | 2009-08-31 | 2010-06-02 | 湖北侨光石化机械有限责任公司 | Cooling hydrogen spraying pan |
| CN103788993A (en) * | 2012-10-29 | 2014-05-14 | 中国石油化工集团公司 | Catalytic cracking unit |
| CN111065452A (en) * | 2017-07-28 | 2020-04-24 | 环球油品有限责任公司 | Method and apparatus for fluid contact in a downflow vessel |
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2020
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0107420A1 (en) * | 1982-10-15 | 1984-05-02 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Catalytic reactor system |
| JPH06198161A (en) * | 1986-10-28 | 1994-07-19 | Monsanto Co | Catalytic reactor |
| CN1732040A (en) * | 2002-11-08 | 2006-02-08 | 莫藤米勒有限公司 | Mixing device for two-phase concurrent vessels |
| CN200954445Y (en) * | 2006-10-20 | 2007-10-03 | 中国石油化工集团公司 | Flat hydrogen-cooling box |
| CN201058862Y (en) * | 2007-03-05 | 2008-05-14 | 杨占彪 | Coal-tar hydrogenation upgrading reaction device |
| CN201493099U (en) * | 2009-08-31 | 2010-06-02 | 湖北侨光石化机械有限责任公司 | Cooling hydrogen spraying pan |
| CN103788993A (en) * | 2012-10-29 | 2014-05-14 | 中国石油化工集团公司 | Catalytic cracking unit |
| CN111065452A (en) * | 2017-07-28 | 2020-04-24 | 环球油品有限责任公司 | Method and apparatus for fluid contact in a downflow vessel |
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