CN106732200B - Turbine type cold hydrogen box - Google Patents
Turbine type cold hydrogen box Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106732200B CN106732200B CN201611096097.6A CN201611096097A CN106732200B CN 106732200 B CN106732200 B CN 106732200B CN 201611096097 A CN201611096097 A CN 201611096097A CN 106732200 B CN106732200 B CN 106732200B
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- China
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- plate
- cold hydrogen
- sieve
- guide plate
- bottom plate
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
- B01J8/04—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds
- B01J8/0496—Heating or cooling the reactor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G49/00—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, not provided for in a single one of groups C10G45/02, C10G45/32, C10G45/44, C10G45/58 or C10G47/00
- C10G49/002—Apparatus for fixed bed hydrotreatment processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
- B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2208/00327—Controlling the temperature by direct heat exchange
- B01J2208/00336—Controlling the temperature by direct heat exchange adding a temperature modifying medium to the reactants
- B01J2208/00353—Non-cryogenic fluids
- B01J2208/00371—Non-cryogenic fluids gaseous
Abstract
The invention relates to a turbine type cold hydrogen box which comprises a hydrogenation reactor body, a sieve plate and a bottom plate, wherein a cold hydrogen distributor is arranged between the sieve plate and the bottom plate, a cold hydrogen inlet hole is formed in the bottom plate, an overflow cylinder is arranged in the center of the bottom plate, the top end of the overflow cylinder is higher than the upper surface of the sieve plate, an upper turbine guide plate is arranged on the upper surface of the sieve plate, a cover plate is arranged at the top end of the upper turbine guide plate, a lower turbine guide plate is arranged on the lower surface of the bottom plate, and an anti-impact plate is arranged at. The invention has simple structure, smooth flow channel of the gas-liquid mixture, full heat exchange between the gas-liquid mixture and the cold hydrogen, uniform outflow in the form of liquid drops after temperature reduction through crushed flow atomization, and avoidance of hot spots of the lower catalyst bed layer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of internal component equipment of a hydrogenation reactor, in particular to a turbine type cold hydrogen box which is used for realizing the sufficient mixing and heat transfer of cold hydrogen and gas-liquid two phases in high-temperature reactant flow in the hydrogenation reactor.
Background
The hydrogenation technology is an essential main technology in the production process of clean fuels, and a hydrogenation reactor is a core device in various petroleum hydrogenation devices. Like the development of hydrogenation catalysts and the improvement of hydrogenation processes, the design optimization of hydrogenation reactors is widely concerned by various large refineries, and the inner members of the hydrogenation reactors are important components and determine the performance of the hydrogenation processes together with the performance of the catalysts.
The hydrogenation reaction belongs to an exothermic reaction, and the temperature rise speed of a bed layer needs to be controlled by adding cold hydrogen. The cold hydrogen box is one of important inner components in the hydrogenation reactor, and has the functions of quickly mixing the low-temperature hydrogen injected by the cold hydrogen pipe with the high-temperature reactant flow under the laminar flow of the upper catalyst bed layer and fully exchanging heat so as to reduce the temperature of the reactant, provide more uniform temperature and material distribution for the next bed layer and fully exert the performance of the catalyst. The performance of the cold hydrogen box directly influences the stability of the hydrogenation reaction, the service life of the catalyst, the product quality and the running period of the device.
The cold hydrogen box has the two functions of ① taking heat, controlling reactant temperature, ② mixing and neutralizing the temperature difference of reactant, controlling the temperature rise of the catalyst bed effectively, ensuring that the reactant temperature does not exceed the normal use temperature of the catalyst, and ensuring that the radial temperature difference of the reactor is small, which shows that the mixing heat transfer performance of the cold hydrogen box is good.
Chinese patent CN200620133859.0 discloses a spiral-flow type hydrogen cooling box, which is composed of a hydrogen cooling pipe, a baffle, a semicircular mixing channel, a tangential flow guide pipe, a mixing box and a sieve plate. The device is characterized in that a mixing-assisting structure and an opening diversion cone are additionally arranged, so that cold hydrogen and hot material flow are premixed in a semicircular mixing channel and then are subjected to rotational flow mixing in a mixing box, and the mixing and heat transfer effects between the cold hydrogen and the hot material flow are improved. But the volume occupied by the cold hydrogen box is still larger due to the tangential draft tube, and layered flow is easily formed due to density difference when gas and liquid flow in parallel, so that the heat transfer effect is not obviously increased by only prolonging the flow path.
Chinese patent CN201220608970.6 discloses a cold hydrogen box, which comprises a cold hydrogen distributor, a liquid collecting tray, a mixing box, a liquid rough distribution tray, and a gas-liquid distribution tray. The structure adopts the annular mixing channel to ensure that the reactant flow and the cold hydrogen gas flow in the circumferential direction after being fully mixed, and is provided with the two-stage sieve pore distribution disc, so that the mixed reactant flow falls down in small drops, the heat transfer area of gas phase and liquid phase is increased, the temperature taking effect is improved, and the pressure drop is very small. However, this arrangement is complicated and the distribution of the fluid in the lower layer of the mixing box is not uniform.
Chinese patent CN201210408335.8 discloses a quench hydrogen tank, which comprises a liquid collecting plate, a drip plate, a partition plate and a redistribution sieve plate from top to bottom, wherein a cold hydrogen pipe is buried in the liquid phase of a liquid collecting tank in a circular pipe form, cold hydrogen is sprayed out from the cold hydrogen circular pipe to stir and bubble the liquid phase, and the gas-liquid heat transfer is enhanced by utilizing the larger temperature difference between the cold hydrogen and the liquid phase; liquid in the liquid collecting tank falls down in the form of liquid drops after being dispersed by the liquid dropping plate, so that the contact area of gas phase and liquid phase is increased, and the heat exchange efficiency of the quench hydrogen tank is greatly improved. However, the cold hydrogen box has short material retention time, is easy to cause uneven heat exchange, and can cause a series of problems when the gas-liquid ratio changes.
In recent years, with the improvement of hydrocracking, hydrodesulfurization and other processes, the acceleration of the upgrading pace of oil quality, the improvement of the environmental protection requirement of the oil refining industry, and the heavy and inferior properties of crude oil, the hydrogenation technology has been developed greatly. The reactor diameter is getting bigger and bigger, the catalyst activity is getting higher and higher, the bed temperature of the catalyst rises to 20 ℃. If the performance of the hydrogen cooling box is not good, the radial temperature difference of the reactor can reach 30-40 ℃, so that the performance of the catalyst is reduced, and even a temperature runaway phenomenon is generated, so that the catalyst is invalid and potential safety hazards are caused. Therefore, the development of a novel high-efficiency hydrogen cooling box is urgent.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a turbine type hydrogen cooling box to solve the problems of short gas-liquid contact time, small contact area, insufficient heat exchange, uneven temperature distribution, complex structure and low space utilization rate of a reactor in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides a turbine formula cold hydrogen case, it includes the hydrogenation ware body, installs sieve and bottom plate in the hydrogenation ware body, installs cold hydrogen distributor between sieve and the bottom plate, be equipped with cold hydrogen inlet port on the bottom plate, the center of bottom plate is equipped with a cylindrical overflow section of thick bamboo in the open both ends coaxial with cold hydrogen distributor, the upper surface of sieve is higher than on the top of an overflow section of thick bamboo, the upper surface of sieve is equipped with upper turbine guide plate, upper turbine guide plate has certain inclination's the plane board or the curved plate that are turbine form and arrange by several and constitutes, the top of upper turbine guide plate is equipped with the apron, the lower surface of bottom plate is equipped with lower floor's turbine guide plate, lower floor's turbine guide plate has certain inclination's the wheel-like plane board or the curved plate of arranging of being reverse turbine form by several and constitutes, the protecting shield.
Preferably, the cold hydrogen distributor is an annular channel formed by an inner ring and an outer ring, the cold hydrogen inlet hole is arranged in the middle of the annular channel, and the bottom of the cold hydrogen inlet hole is connected with the cold hydrogen pipe.
Preferably, a plurality of air outlet holes are uniformly distributed on the inner ring and the outer ring of the cold hydrogen distributor, and the air outlet holes are circular, polygonal or spiral.
Preferably, the cover plate is a circular plane plate or a hat-shaped arc-shaped panel, and a circular seam is reserved between the outer edge of the cover plate and the inner wall of the hydrogenation reactor body.
Preferably, a plurality of sieve holes are arranged at other positions outside the annular area of the joint of the sieve plate and the upper turbine guide plate, and the shape of each sieve hole is one or a combination of more than two of circular shape, polygonal shape or spiral shape.
Preferably, the impingement plate is a circular plane plate, and the diameter of the impingement plate is larger than that of the bottom of the overflow cylinder.
When the invention is used, high-temperature gas-liquid material flow under the upper catalyst bed layer flow enters the hydrogen cooling box from the annular seam between the cover plate and the inner wall of the reactor body, a spiral downward flow trend is generated under the action of the upper turbine guide plate, a liquid phase is enriched on the bottom plate to form a stable liquid level due to the blocking action of the overflow cylinder, and the sieve plate is submerged below the liquid level. Cold hydrogen enters the cold hydrogen distributor through the cold hydrogen pipe, is sprayed into the liquid layer through the air outlet holes in the cold hydrogen distributor, forms stirring or bubbling on the liquid phase, exchanges heat with high-temperature liquid, then passes through the sieve pores to rise above the liquid level, and exchanges heat with the high-temperature gas. Gas-liquid material flow after the heat transfer continues to flow downwards through the overflow cylinder, is further atomized by the broken flow under the sputtering action of the lower-layer turbine guide plate and the impingement plate, and uniformly flows out of the hydrogen cooling box in the form of liquid drops after being fully mixed and transferred heat, so that the occurrence of hot spots of a lower-layer catalyst bed layer is avoided.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) through the use of the invention, high-temperature gas-liquid mixture enters the hydrogen cooling box through the circular seam between the cover plate and the reactor wall, and generates a spiral downward flow trend under the action of the upper turbine guide plate, thereby being beneficial to the enrichment of liquid phase on the bottom plate, improving the convection heat transfer between the liquid phases, balancing the temperature of the liquid flowing out of the hydrogen cooling box, generating an upward flow trend through the action of the lower turbine guide plate after the gas-liquid material flows out of the overflow cylinder, prolonging the retention time of the gas-liquid material flow on the anti-impact plate, and being atomized by the broken flow again through the sputtering action of the anti-impact plate, and being dispersed in gas phase in the form of small liquid drops, thereby being beneficial to the sufficient mixing and heat transfer of the gas;
(2) after entering the device, the gas-liquid mixture is gathered above the bottom plate to be enriched into a stable liquid level under the action of the overflow cylinder, the cold hydrogen is sprayed into the liquid layer from the cold hydrogen distributor, flows through the liquid layer in the form of bubbles and can rise above the liquid level after passing through the sieve mesh, the cold hydrogen stays in the liquid layer for a long time, the contact area is large, the gas-liquid two-phase temperature difference is large, the heat exchange efficiency is high, and the bubbles stir the liquid layer, so that the uniformity of liquid-phase temperature distribution is further improved;
(3) the diameter of the overflow cylinder is smaller, so that gas-phase material flow generates suction atomization effect on liquid-phase material flow at the upper section of the overflow cylinder, and the mixing heat transfer effect of gas-liquid two phases is improved;
(4) the invention has simple structure, smooth flow channel of the gas-liquid mixture, small kinetic energy loss and effectively reduced pressure loss of the hydrogen cooling box, and the gas-liquid mixture moves along the circumferential direction.
(5) The invention is in a flat structure and has lower height, and the cold hydrogen pipe is arranged below the bottom plate, thereby not increasing the total height of the cold hydrogen box and improving the space utilization rate of the reactor.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the configuration of the cold hydrogen distributor of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the upper turbine baffle of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the configuration of the lower turbine baffle of FIG. 1;
wherein: 1. reactor inner wall, 2, apron, 3, upper turbine guide plate, 4, an overflow section of thick bamboo, 5, sieve, 6, cold hydrogen distributor, 7, bottom plate, 8, lower floor turbine guide plate, 9, protecting against the shock shield, 10, cold hydrogen pipe, 11, export, 12, venthole, 13, inlet port, 14, sieve mesh.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, a turbine formula cold hydrogen case, it includes hydrogenation ware body 1, install sieve 5 and bottom plate 7 in hydrogenation ware body 1, install cold hydrogen distributor 6 between sieve 5 and the bottom plate 7, be equipped with cold hydrogen inlet port 13 on the bottom plate 7, the center of bottom plate 7 is equipped with the open cylindrical overflow section of thick bamboo 4 in both ends coaxial with cold hydrogen distributor 6, the top of overflow section of thick bamboo 4 exceeds the upper surface of sieve 5, the upper surface of sieve 5 is equipped with upper turbine guide plate 3, upper turbine guide plate 3 comprises the several planar sheet or the curved plate that are the turbine form and arrange that have certain inclination, the top of upper turbine guide plate 3 is equipped with apron 2, the lower surface of bottom plate 7 is equipped with lower floor turbine guide plate 8. As shown in fig. 4, the lower turbine guide plate 8 is composed of a plurality of plane plates or curved plates which are arranged in a reverse turbine shape and have a certain inclination angle, and the impingement plate 9 is installed at the bottom of the lower turbine guide plate 8.
As shown in fig. 2, the cold hydrogen distributor 6 is an annular channel composed of an inner ring and an outer ring, the cold hydrogen inlet 13 is arranged in the middle of the annular channel, and the bottom of the cold hydrogen inlet 13 is connected with the cold hydrogen pipe 10. The inner ring and the outer ring of the cold hydrogen distributor 6 are uniformly provided with a plurality of air outlets 12, and the air outlets 12 are circular, polygonal or spiral.
The cover plate 2 is a circular plane plate or a hat-shaped arc-shaped panel, and a circular seam is reserved between the outer edge of the cover plate and the inner wall of the hydrogenation reactor body 1.
As shown in fig. 3, a plurality of sieve holes 14 are arranged at other positions outside the annular area of the connection part of the sieve plate 5 and the upper layer turbine guide plate 3, and the shape of the sieve holes 14 is a combination of one or more than two of circular shape, polygonal shape or spiral line shape.
The impingement plate 9 is a circular plane plate, and the diameter of the impingement plate is larger than that of the bottom of the overflow cylinder 4.
In the use process of the invention, gas-liquid hot material flow flowing down from the upper catalyst bed layer enters the cold hydrogen box from the circular seam between the cover plate 2 and the inner wall 1 of the reactor, and generates a spiral downward flowing trend under the action of the upper turbine guide plate 3, thereby promoting the enrichment of the liquid-phase hot material flow on the bottom plate 7. Due to the blocking effect of the overflow cylinder 4, the liquid phase hot material flow forms a stable liquid level on the bottom plate 7 of the cold hydrogen tank, and the sieve plate 5 is submerged below the liquid level. Cold hydrogen is introduced into the cold hydrogen box through a cold hydrogen pipe 10 through an air inlet 13 below the bottom plate 7, is sprayed into the liquid layer through an air outlet 12 on the cold hydrogen distributor 6, forms stirring or bubbling on the liquid phase, heats the high-temperature liquid, passes through the sieve pores 14, rises above the liquid level, and is mixed with the high-temperature gas for heat transfer. Gas-liquid material after mixing heat transfer flows through overflow cylinder 4 and flows out cold hydrogen case export 11 downwards, under the sputtering effect of lower floor turbine guide plate 8 and impingement baffle 9, further garrulous stream atomizing, after the intensive mixing heat transfer to the even outflow of form of liquid drop, has avoided the emergence of lower floor's catalyst bed hot spot.
The turbine type hydrogen cooling box provided by the invention can well solve the problems of short gas-liquid contact time, low heat transfer efficiency, uneven temperature distribution and the like in the prior art, and has the advantages of sufficient gas-liquid mixing heat transfer, simple structure, low pressure drop and high space utilization rate of a reactor.
Claims (2)
1. The utility model provides a turbine formula cold hydrogen case, it includes hydrogenation ware body (1), installs sieve (5) and bottom plate (7) in hydrogenation ware body (1), installs cold hydrogen distributor (6), its characterized in that between sieve (5) and bottom plate (7): the device is characterized in that a cold hydrogen inlet hole (13) is formed in the bottom plate (7), a cylindrical overflow cylinder (4) which is coaxial with the cold hydrogen distributor (6) and is provided with two open ends is arranged in the center of the bottom plate (7), the top end of the overflow cylinder (4) is higher than the upper surface of the sieve plate (5), an upper turbine guide plate (3) is arranged on the upper surface of the sieve plate (5), the upper turbine guide plate (3) is composed of a plurality of plane plates or curved plates which are arranged in a turbine shape and have a certain inclination angle, a cover plate (2) is arranged at the top end of the upper turbine guide plate (3), a lower turbine guide plate (8) is arranged on the lower surface of the bottom plate (7), the lower turbine guide plate (8) is composed of a plurality of plane plates or curved plates which are arranged in a reverse-wheel shape and have a certain inclination angle; the cold hydrogen distributor (6) is an annular channel consisting of an inner ring and an outer ring, the cold hydrogen inlet hole (13) is arranged in the middle of the annular channel, and the bottom of the cold hydrogen inlet hole (13) is connected with the cold hydrogen pipe (10); a plurality of air outlet holes (12) are uniformly distributed on the inner ring and the outer ring of the cold hydrogen distributor (6), and the air outlet holes (12) are circular, polygonal or spiral; the cover plate (2) is a circular plane plate or a hat-shaped arc-shaped panel, and a circular seam is reserved between the outer edge of the cover plate and the inner wall of the hydrogenation reactor body (1); a plurality of sieve holes (14) are arranged at other positions outside the annular area of the joint of the sieve plate (5) and the upper turbine guide plate (3), and the shape of each sieve hole (14) is a combination of one or more than two of circular, polygonal or spiral shapes.
2. A turbine type cold hydrogen tank according to claim 1, characterized in that: the impingement baffle (9) is a circular plane plate, and the diameter of the impingement baffle is larger than that of the bottom of the overflow cylinder (4).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201611096097.6A CN106732200B (en) | 2016-12-02 | 2016-12-02 | Turbine type cold hydrogen box |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201611096097.6A CN106732200B (en) | 2016-12-02 | 2016-12-02 | Turbine type cold hydrogen box |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN106732200A CN106732200A (en) | 2017-05-31 |
| CN106732200B true CN106732200B (en) | 2020-04-07 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201611096097.6A Expired - Fee Related CN106732200B (en) | 2016-12-02 | 2016-12-02 | Turbine type cold hydrogen box |
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| CN (1) | CN106732200B (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107390752A (en) * | 2017-08-23 | 2017-11-24 | 南京扬子精细化工有限责任公司 | A kind of real-time inspection and control system |
| CN108722321A (en) * | 2018-08-23 | 2018-11-02 | 浙江工业大学上虞研究院有限公司 | A kind of micro passage reaction |
| CN111530382B (en) * | 2020-05-14 | 2021-12-17 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Cold hydrogen box structure and fixed bed hydrogenation reactor |
| CN114950173B (en) * | 2022-05-09 | 2023-06-16 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Microbubble cold hydrogen mass transfer mechanism and catalytic hydrogenation reactor |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5837208A (en) * | 1996-06-12 | 1998-11-17 | Uop | Hydroprocessing reactor mixer/distributor |
| CN200952000Y (en) * | 2006-09-22 | 2007-09-26 | 中国石油化工集团公司 | Vortex cooling hydrogen box |
| WO2013092831A1 (en) * | 2011-12-22 | 2013-06-27 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Distributor device for a multiple-bed downflow reactor |
| CN103446957B (en) * | 2012-05-28 | 2015-08-19 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | The fasten cold hydrogen case of flow that a kind of cold hydrogen advances |
| CN103769004B (en) * | 2012-10-24 | 2016-02-03 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A kind of quenching hydrogen case |
| CN203002338U (en) * | 2012-11-19 | 2013-06-19 | 湖北侨光石化机械有限责任公司 | Cold hydrogen tank |
| CN105921078B (en) * | 2016-05-31 | 2018-04-27 | 兰州兰石集团有限公司 | The broken streaming cold hydrogen box of eddy flow |
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2016
- 2016-12-02 CN CN201611096097.6A patent/CN106732200B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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