CN111655265B - 用于治疗肌张力障碍的新型药物组合物 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于治疗肌张力障碍或缓解肌张力障碍患者由肌强直性疾病引起的疼痛的新型药物组合物。特别地,本发明提供了一种包含5‑羟色胺受体5‑HT2A抑制剂作为有效成分、用于治疗肌张力障碍或缓解由肌张力障碍引起的疼痛的药物组合物。
Description
技术领域
本申请要求于2017年11月28日提交的韩国专利申请No.2017-0160506的优先权。上述专利申请的内容通过引用整体并入本文。
本发明涉及一种新型药物组合物,更具体地说,涉及一种用于治疗肌张力障碍的新型药物组合物。
背景技术
肌张力障碍是一种症状,其特征是无意识的异常运动现象,无论一个人的意愿如何,该异常现象都会导致不正确的姿势或扭曲的肌肉运动。这是一种神经系统疾病。这些症状导致肌肉不由自主地收缩,从而导致异常运动和奇怪的姿势,例如肌肉扭曲或重复性运动。肌张力障碍可以作为遗传原因或特定原因疾病的继发症状发生。然而,关于肌张力障碍的发病机理,当将诸如荷包牡丹碱的GABA拮抗剂注入动物体内时,会出现类似于肌张力障碍的症状,因此,仅假定当神经递质GABA相关的神经网络出现问题时肌张力障碍就会发展(Inase et al.,J.Neurophysiol.75:1087-1104,1996),但确切的发病机制尚不清楚。
此外,目前,在临床上使用的给药,治疗效果持续约3个月。然而,使用的治疗复杂且昂贵。
另一方面,作为肌张力障碍的治疗方法,目前已经提出了一种电刺激治疗设备,以对发生肌张力障碍症状的肌肉区域进行局部电刺激(US20160296756A1)。然而,现有技术对由压力因素引起的肌肉张力影响不大。
发明内容
本发明为解决包括上述问题在内的许多问题,并且更具体地,本发明提供了一种用于治疗肌张力障碍、特别是由于压力引起的肌张力障碍和缓解由肌张力障碍引起的疼痛的新型药物组合物。然而,本发明的范围不限于此。
本发明一方面,提供了一种用于治疗肌张力障碍或缓解由肌强直性疾病引起的疼痛的药物组合物,其包含5-羟色胺受体5-HT2A抑制剂作为活性成分。
本发明另一方面,提供了一种筛选用于治疗肌张力障碍或缓解由肌张力障碍引起的疼痛的治疗物质候选物的方法,包含:
观察一系列测试化合物或天然产物是否抑制5-羟色胺受体5-HT2A;和
选择鉴定为能抑制5-HT2A的测试化合物或天然产物。
本发明另一方面,提供了一种在具有因压力引起的肌张力障碍症状的受试者中治疗肌张力障碍的方法,该方法包含向该受试者施用治疗有效量的5-羟色胺受体5-HT2A抑制剂。
本发明另一方面,提供了一种在具有因压力引起的肌张力障碍症状的受试者中减轻由肌张力障碍引起的疼痛的方法,该方法包含向该受试者施用治疗有效量的5-羟色胺受体5-HT2A抑制剂。
本发明另一方面,提供了一种在与因压力引起的肌张力障碍相关的受试者中预防肌张力障碍的方法,该方法包含向该受试者施用治疗有效量的5-羟色胺受体5-HT2A抑制剂。
本发明另一方面,提供了5-羟色胺受体5-HT2A抑制剂在制备用于治疗肌张力障碍或缓解肌张力障碍引起的疼痛的药物中的应用。
有益效果
如上所述,根据本发明的具体实施方案,除遗传因素,极端压力引起的肌张力障碍也可以得到有效治疗和预防。当然,本发明的范围不限于这些效果。
附图说明
图1显示了通过根据本发明的一个具体实施方案的各种分析方法在肌张力障碍模型动物中观察肌张力障碍症状的结果。(A)本发明一个具体实施方案的动物实验(上)和处于肌张力障碍姿势的实验动物后肢过度伸展的照片(下)概览;(B)记录放置于开放视野箱中的蹒跚小鼠的肌张力障碍得分随暴露于环境压力中的时间而变化的图;(C)分别在正常状态和肌张力障碍下测得伸肌(腓肠肌)和胫骨前肌的肌电图(EMG);(D)在肌张力障碍和静息状态下伸肌和胫骨前肌的平均RMS(反映肌肉收缩或肌肉张力)的比较;(E)一系列显示了对张力障碍模型动物施用媒介物(对照)和三种类型的5-羟色胺受体拮抗剂(MDL100907、Way100135和昂丹司琼)后,两条肌肉(腓肠肌和胫骨前肌)共收缩率的图;(F)一系列显示了在施用各种5-羟色胺受体拮抗剂后肌张力障碍事件数(左)和肌张力障碍得分(右)的图;(G)显示了在施用各种不同5-羟色胺受体拮抗剂后相互关系的图。
图2显示了每一种“拮抗剂”和“反向激动剂”的维恩图。其中“拮抗剂”通过干扰与激动剂结合而抑制受体的激活但不影响激活/失活平衡;“反向激动剂”使具有非活性结构的靶分子稳定的药物。
图3显示了根据各种5-羟色胺受体5-HT2A拮抗剂的给药来测量肌张力障碍模型动物中肌张力障碍症状的结果。(A)一系列显示了剂量依赖性地向肌张力障碍模型动物施用MDL100907后测量肌张力障碍事件数(左)和肌张力障碍得分(右)的结果的图,(B)一系列显示了示向肌张力障碍模型动物施用媒介物(对照)和三种类型的5-羟色胺受体5-HT2A拮抗剂(1mg MDL100907、匹马沙林和格来色林)后的肌张力障碍事件(左)和肌张力障碍得分(右)的结果的图;和(C)是仅将B中MDL100907给药组的浓度变更为2mg的结果图。
图4显示了根据本发明的一个实施方案中在GCaMP6局部转导的小鼠小脑中的实时荧光分析结果。(A)用于本发明的实时荧光分析系统(左)和从实验动物中提取的小脑切片的荧光显微照片(右)的概览;(B)显示了根据实验动物行为状态的荧光变化率的图;(C)在对照组中与肌张力障碍相关的起始部分取向荧光变化的命中图;(D,E)一系列分别表示对照组及MDL100907给药组在室内和移到开放视野箱后的荧光变化率的图;和(F)显示了对照组及药物给药组在室内和移到开放视野箱后,根据在环境压力中的暴露时间荧光变化率的图。
具体实施方式
术语定义
在本文中使用的术语“肌张力障碍”是一种无意识的异常运动,其导致持续的姿势或扭曲的肌肉运动,而与人的意愿无关。作为以症状为特征的神经系统疾病,已知存在家族性或压力相关性肌张力障碍。特别是,压力相关性肌张力障碍可能是由于演出或展示汇报之前的极端压力引起的,即使没有其他遗传倾向也是如此。
在本文中使用的术语“脑瘫”是指由于对大脑的损害而使运动功能瘫痪的状态,且目前已知是由出生时的脑部损害、新生儿的症状性黄疸和脑膜炎引起的。最重要的症状是神经肌肉系统控制不当,已知约有70%至80%的脑瘫患者患有痉挛性脑瘫,这会导致肌肉僵硬且难以活动,从而导致异常的肌张力。
在本文中使用的术语“肌强直性营养不良”也称为斯坦纳氏病,是肌肉逐渐弱化的疾病。其症状会以各种类型出现在身体的各个部位。症状是肌肉僵硬。通常,肌肉松弛是在肌肉收缩之后出现的。在患有这种疾病的患者中,肌肉松弛发展缓慢,整体肌肉僵硬。
在本文中使用的术语“脊髓延髓肌萎缩症”也称为肯尼迪病,是由X染色体上雄激素受体基因突变引起的与性别相关遗传疾病。当发生基因重复复制时,雄激素受体的功能不能很好地起作用,导致运动神经元的退化。症状在30岁之前没有出现,但是在10-20年之后,诸如肌肉僵硬之类的肌肉疾病便开始严重发作,需要轮椅、并且说话或吞咽会出现障碍。
在本文中使用的术语“5-羟色胺受体”是指与神经递质5-羟色胺(5-HT)结合并在细胞中引起生理活性的受体。在哺乳动物中,它以高浓度存在于周围神经系统和大脑的脑核、黑质、苍白球、基底神经节和脉络丛中,并且已知它们通过G蛋白或cAMP作为次级信号分子调节K+或Ca2+离子通道。众所周知,5-羟色胺受体包括5-HT1A、5-HT1B、5-HT1D、5-HT1E、5-HT1F、5-HT2A、5-HT2B、5-HT2C、5-HT3、5-HT4、5-HT5A、5-HT5B、5-HT6和5-HT7这14种亚型。已知这些亚型的功能、拮抗剂和激动剂等略有不同。
如本文所用,术语“拮抗剂”是指通过与靶分子结合并阻断其功能,来起到阻断或减弱生物反应的作用的配体或药物,而不是如激动剂激活靶分子。
如本文所用,术语“选择性拮抗剂”是指在具有各种亚型的靶分子中选择性地仅阻断特定亚型的功能的配体或药物。
如本文所用,术语“双重拮抗剂”是指抑制两种或更多种在结构上与具有各种亚型的靶分子密切相关的亚型的拮抗剂。例如,本发明中使用的5-HT2A和5-HT2C在结构上是非常接近的受体,并且存在通过区别于其他亚型而不区分这两个亚型的差异,仅抑制这两种亚型的拮抗剂。然而,尽管它们具有比非歧视性非选择性拮抗剂更少的副作用的优点,但它们比选择性拮抗剂具有更多的副作用。
如本文所用,术语“反向激动剂”是指将靶分子稳定至无活性结构的药物。通常,靶分子如受体具有平衡状态的活化结构和失活结构,并且活化结构中的平衡倾向于依赖于激动剂。拮抗剂通过干扰激动剂结合来干扰激活,但不影响激活/失活平衡。反向激动剂通过使平衡状态倾斜至失活结构而起作用,因此可以永久抑制受体的活性。
如本文所用,术语“拮抗抗体”是指结合特定靶蛋白并抑制靶蛋白的生理活性的抗体。
在本文中使用的术语“抗体的功能性片段”是指抗体的片段,例如Fab、Fab'、F(ab')2,它们具有通过用蛋白质切割酶切割抗体而产生的保守抗原结合位点,或scFv、双抗(diabody)、三抗(tribody),它们是通过连接子连接抗体重链可变区(VH)和抗体轻链可变区(VL)的单链抗体类似物,或更全面地,其他单链抗体类似物包括sdAb、VHH、纳米抗体、单抗体(monobody)、可变淋巴细胞受体(VLR)、Affilin、Affimer、Affitin、亲和性多聚体(Avimer)、DARPin、Fynomer、亲合抗体(Affibody)。
在本文中使用的术语“Fab”是抗原结合片段,是通过用蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶切割抗体分子产生的片段,其为由两个肽VH-CH1和VL-CL组成的异二聚体。木瓜蛋白酶产生的另一个片段称为可结晶片段(Fc)。
在本文中使用的术语“F(ab')2”是在通过用蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶切割抗体而产生的包含抗原结合位点的片段,并且是指其中两个Fab通过二硫键连接的四聚体形式。胃蛋白酶产生的另一个片段称为pFc'。
在本文中使用的术语“Fab'”是与Fab具有相似之处的抗体片段,并且是通过还原F(ab')2而产生的,其重链部分的长度略长于Fab的长度。
在本文中使用的术语“scFv”是指单链可变区片段,其是通过连接肽将抗体的Fab之间的可变区(VH和VL)连接作为单链而制备的重组抗体片段。
在本文中使用的术语“sdAb(单结构域抗体)”被称为纳米抗体,是包含单一单抗体可变区片段的抗体片段。源自重链的sdAb已被大量应用,但据报道源自轻链的单个可变区片段也能与抗原的特异性结合。
在本文中使用的术语“VHH”是仅由在骆驼中发现的重链的二聚体组成的IgG重链的可变区片段,并且在特异性结合抗原的抗体片段中具有最小的尺寸(~15kD)。它由Ablynix以商标开发。
如本文所用,“Fv(片段可变)”是仅由抗体的重链和轻链的可变链(VH和VL)组成的二聚抗体片段,其大小在sdAb和Fab之间(约~25kD)。通过在特殊条件下蛋白质水解或将VH和VL编码基因在一个表达载体中插入并表达而产生。
如本文所用,“双抗”是通过缩短scFv的VH和VL之间的连接的长度(5a.a)从而使两个scFv彼此形成比常规scFv具有更高抗原特异性的二聚体而制备的二聚双特异性重组抗体片段。
在本文中使用的术语“钙传感器蛋白”是经过遗传工程改造以通过荧光变化来测量细胞中钙离子浓度变化的荧光蛋白,也称为荧光Ca2+指示剂蛋白(FCIP)。它主要是融合蛋白,其中钙离子结合蛋白(例如钙调蛋白)通过连接子与荧光蛋白(例如GFP)连接。它用于检测细胞内钙离子浓度,通过检测仅在钙离子通过直接结构变化而被结合时发出的荧光,或者通过根据与钙离子结合时结构变化的两种荧光蛋白之间的荧光共振能量转移(FRET)现象进行检测。
发明详述
在本发明的一个方面,提供了一种用于治疗肌张力障碍或缓解由肌强直性疾病引起的疼痛的药物组合物,其包含5-羟色胺受体5-HT2A抑制剂作为活性成分。
如本文所用,术语“治疗”的概念包含对病理原因的消除和对症状的改善或减轻。
在该组合物中,肌强直性疾病可由肌张力障碍、脑瘫、肌强直性营养不良或脊髓延髓肌萎缩引起。强直性症状不仅包括肌张力障碍,还包括各种神经系统疾病,尤其是脑瘫(Asagai et al.,Laser Therapy,14(4):171-178,2005)、肌强直性营养不良(Wenningeret al.,Front.Neurol.9:303,2018)和脊髓肌肉萎缩(Araki et al.,Neuromuscul.Disord.25(11):913-915,2015)。肌强直性疾病可能是由于压力过大、选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂给药后5-羟色胺异常增加或5-羟色胺周期异常激活所致。特别地,肌强直可能是由于一种作为抗抑郁药的选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂('SSRI')的副作用引起的,其是一种通过抑制细胞(突触前细胞)的再摄取来增加细胞外水平上5-羟色胺浓度以此来治疗抑郁症的药物。然而,在某些患者中,作为SSRI的副作用,存在由于突触中5-羟色胺的过度增加而导致肌肉紧张的问题,因此,患有肌肉紧张的抑郁症患者经常停止服用SSRI(Mossavi et.al.,Glob.J.Health Sci.6(6):295-299,2014)。因此,本发明的药物组合物可用于预防或减轻使用SSRI处方的抑郁症患者的肌张力障碍症状。在这种情况下,选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂可包括西酞普兰(citalopram)、达泊西汀(dapoxetine)、艾司西酞普兰(escitalopram)、氟伏沙明(fluvoxamine)、帕罗西汀(paroxetine)、氟西汀(fluoxetine)、舍曲林(sertraline)、齐美定(zimeldin)或沃替西汀(vortioxetine)。
在所述药物组合物中,5-HT2A抑制剂可以是5-HT2A拮抗剂或5-HT2A反向激动剂,并且5-HT2A拮抗剂特异性结合5-HT2A。5-HT2A拮抗剂可以是拮抗性抗体或拮抗性抗体的功能性片段或氯氮平(clozapine)、奥氮平(olanazapin)、喹硫平(qutiapine)、利培酮(risperidone)、齐拉西酮(ziprasidone)、阿立哌唑(aripiprazole)、阿塞那平(asenapine)、阿米替林(amitriptyline)、氯米帕明(clomipramine)、阿米替林(amitriptyline)、氯米帕明(clomipramine)、赛庚啶(cyproheptadine)、依利色林(eplivanserin)、依托哌酮(etoperidon)、氟哌啶醇(haloperidol)、羟嗪(hydroxyzine)、伊洛哌酮(iloperidone)、酮色林(ketanserin)、美西麦角(methysergide)、米安色林(mianserin)、米氮平(mirtazapine)、奈法唑酮(nefazodone)、匹马沙林(pimavanserin)、苯噻啶(pizotifen)、利坦色林(ritanserin)、曲唑酮(trazodone)或育亨宾(yohimbine)。或者,5-HT2A拮抗剂可以是不作用于其他类型的5-羟色胺受体的选择性拮抗剂或5-HT2A/2C双重拮抗剂。5-HT2A选择性拮抗剂可以是依利色林(eplivanserin)、2-烷基-4-芳基-四氢-嘧啶-氮杂(2-alkyl-4-aryl-tetrahydro-pyrimido-azepine)、AMDA(9-氨基甲基-9,10-二氢蒽)、羟嗪(hydroxyzine)、苯噻啶(pizotifen)、5-甲氧基-N-(4-溴苄基)色胺(5-MeO-NBpBrT)、格来色林(glemanserin)、尼普拉嗪(niaprazine)、匹马沙林(pimavanserin)、氟利色林(volinanserin)或LY-367265,并且5-HT2A/2C双重拮抗剂可以是利坦色林(ritanserin)、酮色林(ketanserin)、赛庚啶(cyproheptadine)、AC-90179、曲唑酮(trazodone)或依托哌酮(etoperidone)。
同时,5-HT2A反向激动剂可以是AC-90179、匹马沙林(pimavanserin)、奈坦色林(nelotanserin)、氟利色林(volinanserin)或依利色林(eplivanserin)。
拮抗抗体的功能片段可以是Fab、Fab'、F(ab')2、scFv、双抗、三抗、sdAb、VHH、纳米抗体、单抗体、可变淋巴细胞受体(VLR)、Affilin、Affimer、Affitin、Avimer、DARPin、Fynomer或Affibody。
本发明的药物组合物可以包含至少一种药学上可接受的载体。所述药学上可接受的载体可以是多种口服或肠胃外制剂,但是优选是肠胃外制剂。就制剂而言,其使用稀释剂或赋形剂例如填充剂、增量剂、粘合剂、湿润剂、崩解剂和表面活性剂来制备。口服的固体制剂包括片剂、丸剂、散剂、颗粒剂、胶囊剂等。这些固体制剂可以通过混合至少一种化合物和至少一种赋形剂例如淀粉、碳酸钙、蔗糖或乳糖、明胶等来制备。其是通过混合制备。此外,除简单的赋形剂外,还可使用润滑剂,例如硬脂酸镁和滑石粉。口服给药的液体制剂包括悬浮剂、口服液体、乳剂、糖浆等,这些液体制剂除水和石蜡以外,还可以包括其他各种赋形剂,例如润湿剂、甜味剂、香料和防腐剂,它们通常用作稀释剂。肠胃外给药的制剂包括无菌水溶液、非水溶剂、悬浮液、乳剂、冻干制剂和栓剂。作为非水溶剂和悬浮液,可以使用丙二醇、聚乙二醇、植物油如橄榄油和可注射酯如油酸乙酯。作为栓剂的基质,可以使用维比索尔、聚乙二醇、吐温61、可可油、月桂油和甘油明胶等。
本发明的药物组合物可以是选自由以下组成的群组中的任何一种制剂:片剂、丸剂、散剂、颗粒剂、胶囊剂、混悬剂、溶液剂、乳剂、糖浆剂、无菌水溶液、非水溶剂、混悬剂、乳剂、冻干剂和栓剂。
本发明的药物组合物可以口服或肠胃外给药,肠胃外给药时,可以通过静脉内注射、鼻内吸入、肌内给药、腹膜内给药、经皮吸收等各种途径进行给药。
本发明的药物组合物可以按药物有效量给药。
在本文中使用的术语“药物有效量”是指按适用于医学治疗的合理的受益/风险比足以来治疗疾病的量,并且有效剂量可以根据包括类型、严重性、年龄、性别、药物活性、受试者的药物敏感性、给药时间、给药途径、排泄物、治疗持续时间、同时使用的药物以及医学领域众所周知的其他因素来判定。本发明的药物组合物可以按0.1mg/kg至1g/kg,更优选1mg/kg至500mg/kg的剂量进行给药。同时,给药剂量可以根据患者的年龄、性别和状况适当地进行调整。
在本发明的另一方面,提供了一种筛选用于治疗肌张力障碍或缓解由肌张力障碍引起的疼痛的治疗物质候选物的方法,其包含:
观察一系列测试化合物或天然产物是否抑制5-羟色胺受体5-HT2A;和
选择鉴定为抑制5-HT2A的测试化合物或天然产物。
在本发明的另一方面,提供了一种治疗肌张力障碍的方法,其包含向患有由压力引起的肌张力障碍症状的个体施用5-羟色胺受体5-HT2A抑制剂。
筛选的方法可以包括测定已确认抑制5-HT2A的测试化合物或天然产物能否抑制5-HT2A以外的5-羟色胺受体的功能;并选择除5-HT2A外不抑制5-羟色胺受体功能的测试化合物或天然产物。
测定已确认能抑制5-HT2A的测试化合物或天然产物能否抑制5-HT2A以外的5-羟色胺受体的功能,可以通过体外、体内或计算机分析的各种方法进行。体外方法可以使用5-羟色胺受体5-HT2A、5-HT2A的配体(例如5-羟色胺)与测试化合物或天然产物反应,并选择抑制5-羟色胺受体5-HT2A与配体结合的测试化合物或天然产物。测定测试化合物或天然产物能否抑制5-羟色胺受体5-HT2A与配体的结合,可以通过多种方法来分析各种靶蛋白与其配体之间的相互作用,其中包含放射性同位素标记的细胞复合物色谱、药物亲和反应靶标稳定性(DARTS)、氧化速率蛋白稳定性(SPROX)、差分静态光散射DSLS分析、差分扫描荧光测量(DSF)和微分径向毛细管作用的配体分析(DraCALA),并且诸如此类的分析方法已经由McFedries等(Chem.Biol.,20:667-673,2013)详细介绍。上述文件通过引用并入本文。
或者,所述体外方法可包含在用测试化合物或天然产物处理表达5-羟色胺受体5-HT2A的细胞后,分析5-HT2A下游信号分子的浓度或活性;选择抑制5-HT2A下游信号分子浓度或活性的测试化合物或天然产物。
所述信号分子可以是三磷酸盐(IP3)、二酰基甘油(DAG)、花生四烯酸(AA)、2-花生四烯酸甘油酯(2-AG)、Ca2+或PKC。
在筛选方法中,所述体内方法包含通过使具有P/Q型钙通道突变的蹒跚动物处于压力状态中诱导压力;向压力下的蹒跚动物施用测试化合物或天然产品;选择能显著降低蹒跚动物的肌张力障碍得分的测试化合物或天然产物。
在本文中使用的术语“压力”是指当受试者暴露于难以适应的环境中时感觉到的心理和身体紧张。因此,“压力状态”是指受试者暴露于陌生和陌生环境中的状态。这些压力状态是当一个人遇到新环境的时候,例如与新人联系、在新地方出现、承担新任务、搬到新地区或将要上高等学校。如果一个人在压力状态下发生肌张力障碍,那他/她的社交生活将受到重大妨碍。
任选地,所述体内方法除了测量蹒跚动物的肌张力障碍得分外,还可以包含将编码钙传感器蛋白的基因局部转导到在P/Q型钙通道中具有突变的该蹒跚动物的小脑中;通过使动物处于压力状态来在蹒跚的动物中诱导压力;向压力下的蹒跚动物施用测试化合物或天然产物;测量该蹒跚动物小脑中与钙结合的钙传感器蛋白的量;并选择能显著降低与钙结合的钙传感器蛋白含量的测试化合物或天然产物。
在筛选方法中,所述钙传感器蛋白是yellow cameleon(YC)、反向-Pericam(Nagaiet al.,Proc.NatI.Acad.Sci.USA.98(6):3197-3202,2001)、Camgroo(Baird et al.,Proc.NatI.Acad.Sci.USA.,96(20):11241-11246,1999;Griesbeck et al.,J.Biol.Chem.276(31):29188-29194,2001)、TN-L15(Heim and Griesbeck,J.Biol.Chem.,279(14):14280-14286,2004)、SynapCam(Guerrero et al.,Nat.Neurosci.,8(9):1188-1196,2005)或GCaMP。所述YC可以是YC 2.1、YC 3.1、YC 2.12、YC 3.12或YC 3.60,所述Camgroo可以是Camgroo-1或Camgroo-2,以及所述GCaMP可以是GCaMP1、GCaMP2、GCaMP3、GCaMP4、GCaMP5或GCaMP6。其中,GcaMP是由Junichi Nakai最初开发的一种钙传感器,它是由cpEGFP、钙调蛋白和M13组成的融合蛋白,M13是来自肌球蛋白轻链激酶的肽序列,具有与细胞内钙离子水平成比例地显示荧光的特性。它可用于测量细胞内钙离子水平,并且特别适用于实时测量活细胞或动物体内特定组织或细胞中钙离子的浓度(Nakai et al.,Nat.Biotehonol.,19:137-141,2001)。
在本发明的另一方面,提供了一种在患有由压力引起的肌张力障碍症状的受试者中治疗肌张力障碍的方法,该方法包含向该受试者施用治疗有效量的5-羟色胺受体5-HT2A抑制剂。
在该方法中,所述5-羟色胺受体5-HT2A抑制剂如上所述。
在本发明的另一方面,提供了一种减轻患有由压力引起的肌张力障碍症状的受试者中由肌张力障碍引起的疼痛的方法,该方法包含向该受试者施用治疗有效量的5-羟色胺受体5-HT2A抑制剂。
在该方法中,所述5-羟色胺受体5-HT2A抑制剂如上所述。
在本发明的另一方面,提供了一种用于在与因压力而引起的肌张力障碍有关的受试者中预防肌张力障碍的方法,该方法包含向该受试者施用治疗有效量的5-羟色胺受体5-HT2A抑制剂。
在该方法中,所述5-羟色胺受体5-HT2A抑制剂如上所述。
在本发明的另一方面,提供了5-羟色胺受体5-HT2A抑制剂在制备用于治疗肌张力障碍或缓解肌张力障碍引起的疼痛的药剂中的用途。
在该用途中,所述5-羟色胺受体5-HT2A抑制剂如上所述。
本发明人使用了通过在P/Q型钙通道中诱导突变而制备的蹒跚小鼠,当对实验动物施加持续的压力时,该突变会导致肌张力障碍症状随着肌肉张力的严重性而恶化。通过测量肌张力障碍得分和肌电图(EMG),证实肌张力障碍症状随时间而恶化,并且当对实验动物施用5-HT1A、5-HT2A和5-HT3的选择性拮抗剂时,证实了只有选择性的5-HT2A拮抗剂可以缓解肌张力障碍症状(见图1)。另外,通过根据选择性5-HT2A拮抗剂对5-HT2A受体的结合亲和力比较肌张力障碍的缓解程度来筛选药物的作用(见图2和表1)。特别地,与仅用作拮抗剂的格来色林相比,匹马沙林和MDL100907可以同时用作拮抗剂和反向激动剂,能显著减少肌张力障碍的症状(见图3)。
表1主要的选择性5-HT2A拮抗剂的几种性质
另外,考虑到5-HT2A参与钙释放到细胞中的事实,本发明人使用GCaMP6方法测量了压力诱导的肌张力障碍模型动物小脑中钙离子的浓度。结果,直接表现出肌张力障碍症状的动物小脑中的钙离子浓度显著增加,但是可以确定,在5-HT2A选择性拮抗剂给药组中,小脑中钙离子浓度的增加受到了抑制(见图4)。
从上述实验结果可以看出,根据本发明一个实施方案的包含选择性5-HT2A拮抗剂的药物组合物可以有效地用于患有肌张力障碍的患者,特别是用于由压力状态引起的肌张力障碍患者。另外,关于预防肌张力障碍发作的有效选择是在压力状况之前给患者开处方本发明的药物组合物,它可以预防肌张力障碍的症状并改善患者的生活质量。另外,通过降低准备展示的发言人、准备演出的表演者和在很多人面前比赛的赛前的运动员以及肌张力障碍患者的肌肉张力的影响,可以抑制由异常的肌肉张力引起的错乱。通常,在紧张的情况下,轻微的肌肉张力被转移成精神负担,继而发展成较大的肌肉张力,本发明的药物组合物被认为可以有效地治疗或预防。通常,当一个人在进行展示汇报时,它对于声音震颤或肌肉紧张很有用。另外,据认为,通过在肌肉张力之前和之后摄取本发明的药物组合物,不仅可以在肌张力障碍患者中、而且可以以适当浓度在正常人中预防和治疗由过度的肌肉张力引起的肌肉功能障碍。
另外,据信,治疗药物的发现不仅对肌张力障碍有效,而且对运动疾病如帕金森氏病和因压力而加剧的抽动障碍有效。
另外,本发明中使用的实验动物模型可通过观察肌肉肌电图分析,以及在脑神经元中显示出钙特异性荧光来观察肌肉张力是否得到缓解,从而确认候选治疗剂的药效。钙传感器蛋白可通过在活体动物活动时改变特定大脑区域中钙离子的浓度来定量确认候选药物的药效,从而用于筛选肌张力障碍的候选药物。
另外,迄今为止,尚缺乏肌张力障碍的可靠的相关生物标记,因此还无法区分患者群体中的各种疾病机制。这可能会降低治疗效果或导致错误诊断。因此,本发明提供了一种通过脑成像技术(MRI,PET)来确认顶叶核区域中的5-HT2A受体(作为筛选患有肌张力障碍的患者群体的相关生物标记)活性的方法。这是一种使用药物调节5-羟色胺含量并使用5-HT2A受体特异性放射性配体[11C]NMSP通过PET图像确认受体活性的方法(Nordstrom AL etal.,Int.J.Neuropsychopharmacol.11(2):163-171,2008;Kornum BR et al.,J.Cereb.Blood Flow Metab.,29(1):186-196,2009)。可以使用5-HT2A受体激动剂艾司西酞普兰、西酞普兰或DOI来调节5-羟色胺的含量。通过这种方式,可以专门选择称为“任务特异性肌张力障碍”的患者,这些患者在患者群体中开始特定活动时会出现症状,并可以提供有效的给药条件和治疗方法。
具体实施方式
在下文中,将通过以下实施例更详细地描述本发明。然而,本发明不限于以下公开的实施例,而是可以以各种不同的形式来实现,并且以下示例使本发明的公开完整,并将本发明的全部范围完全告知本领域技术人员。
实施例1.制备实验动物
选择7-8周大的CACNA1Atot/tot小鼠(Fletcher,Cell,87(4):607-617,1996,TheJackson Lab,Stock No:000544),并遵照韩国科学技术院(KAIST)使用委员会和动物护理机构的规则(协议编号KA2015-05)进行处理。小鼠保持自由接触水和饲料,并且光暗周期为12/12小时。在病毒转导后4周进行行为测试。在CACNA1Atot/tot小鼠中,脯氨酸存在于作为P/Q型钙通道的重复区域II S5-S6的Cav2.1中,被亮氨酸残基替代,从而神经元中P/Q型通道活性减少。根据以前的研究,据报道,作为L型钙通道的Cav1.2的表达量随着P/Q型通道活性的降低而增加(Fletcher,Cell,87(4):607-617,1996),据报道,当将蹒跚的小鼠放在新的环境中时,肌张力障碍会在大约10分钟后发生(Alvina,K.,&Khodakhah,K.,Neurosci.,30(21):7258-7268,2010)。
实施例2.构建局部转基因的蹒跚小鼠
为了分析肌张力障碍症状的程度与神经元中钙离子浓度之间的相关性,制备了光遗传学模型动物。特别是对于具有保偏单模光纤的光度测量系统,AAV2/9-CAG-FLEX-GCaMP6m(Izadmehr et al.,Cell,164:617-631,2016)和AAV2/9-CMV-Cre(Gompf et al.,Front.Behav.Neurosci.9:152,2015)病毒载体通过立体定位手术单侧注射到0.25μlCACNA1Atot/tot小鼠的每个小脑顶核中。在实验开始前4周进行病毒注射。随后,将插入不锈钢耐热导管中的光纤直接植入到注射部位的上方。对于荧光测量,使用了基于TCSPC的光测量系统(Becker&Hickel,德国)。
实验实施例1.证实各种5-羟色胺受体拮抗剂的给药导致肌张力障碍症状的变化
选择性5-HT1A拮抗剂Way100135、选择性5-HT2A拮抗剂MDL100907(氟利色林)和5-TH3选择性拮抗剂均购自Sigma Aldrich。将药物溶解在生理盐水中,并通过静脉注射施用于实施例2中制备的蹒跚动物,并保持在12/12小时明暗循环的受控环境中。如先前报道,Way100135(10mg/kg,Loscher et al.,Eur.J.Pharmacol.,255(1-3):235-238,1994)、MDL100907(1mg/kg,Barr et al.,Neuropsychopharmacol.,29(2):221-228,2004)或昂丹司琼(1mg/kg,Barr et al.,Neuropsychopharmacol.,29(2):221-228,2004)分别施用于蹒跚小鼠,并且作为对照记录,向小动物静脉内注射相同体积的生理盐水。行为测试是在给药30分钟后进行的,实验动物在先前室内环境中适应了30分钟,然后移动到开放视野箱中。通过将它们置于开放视野箱以使其暴露于压力中30分钟,测量肌张力障碍的症状。肌张力障碍的症状及其严重程度使用5分制的肌张力障碍评分来计算,如下所示:0=正常行为,1=异常运动行为、无肌强直性姿势,2=轻度运动障碍、受干扰时表现为肌张力障碍姿势,3=中度运动障碍、频繁的自发性肌强直性姿势,4=严重运动障碍和持续性肌强直性姿势。
结果,当将肌张力障碍模型动物置于压力下时,即当小鼠暴露于开放视野箱中以测量肌张力障碍症状随时间变化时,观察到蹒跚小鼠随着时间推移症状恶化。特别地,观察到肌张力障碍模型动物的症状与其暴露于压力环境的时间成比例地增加。特别地,与经过10分钟相比,经过30分钟时症状加剧。
另外,如图1F所示,当三种5-羟色胺受体拮抗剂分别给药时,在测量发作事件数和肌肉功能障碍指标后证实了选择性5-HT2A拮抗剂MDL100907(氟利色林)显著减轻了肌张力障碍症状。但是,选择性5-HT1A拮抗剂Way100135和选择性5-HT3拮抗剂昂丹司琼根本没有减轻肌张力障碍症状。这表明肌张力障碍的症状仅受限于5-HT2A。
实验实施例2.测量EMG
将电极(A-M系统,美国)分别通过手术插入腓肠肌(GS)和胫骨前肌(TA)进行EMG记录。电极是使用多股相互缠绕并涂有铁氟龙的不锈钢丝制成的。剃掉小鼠右后腿和脖子后面的毛发后,在背颈区域的皮肤上形成了一个小切口。从颈部切口到皮肤下的肌肉连接了四组记录电极。EMG线在皮肤下布线,并连接到固定在头骨上的连接器。导线裸露端的低阻抗使已经通过相对长距离的电信号能够被捕捉到(Pearson et al.,J.Neurosci.Methods,148(1):36-42,2005)。来自电极的EMG信号以10kHz采样并用MiniDigi 1A(美国Axon仪器)数字化。使用Clampfit 9.2(美国Axon仪器)分析原始追踪。通过使用NeuroExplorer(Ver.4,Nex Technologies,USA)标准计算互相关。互相关表明,当在0ms处显示高肌张力障碍得分时,肌张力障碍症状严重。互相关表示两段肌肉(TA和GS)在一定时间内的肌电图重叠程度,是判断两块肌肉是否同时出现肌张力障碍症状的一种指标。这是一种测量肌肉各部位之间肌肉收缩时间的方法,并且由于时机彼此相似,因此这种分析方法在X时间轴(ms)的0ms处显示较高的值。也就是说,互相关值(cross Corr.)越大,当彼此之间的信号为0ms时(同时收缩时),Y轴的值越大,两块肌肉同时收缩的肌张力障碍症状就越严重。Y轴的单位AU是将对照设置为任意单位1时的相对互相关值。
如图1C所示,关于用于本发明的肌张力障碍模型动物,测量其胫骨前肌(TA)和腓肠肌(GS)的肌肉传导。与正常对照组相比,当肌张力障碍模型动物暴露于压力环境中时,表现出肌张力障碍的特征性EMG模式。
然后,本发明人向暴露于压力环境中的肌张力障碍模型动物施用了三种5-羟色胺受体拮抗剂。如图1G所示,在MDL100907给药时相关性消失,但选择性5-HT1A拮抗剂Way100135给药和选择性5-HT3拮抗剂昂丹司琼给药时,与对照组相比并没有差异。这表明根据本发明实施方案的5-HT2A抑制剂在减轻肌张力障碍症状、特别是压力诱导的肌张力障碍症状方面非常有效。
然后,本发明人观察了选择性5-HT2A拮抗剂MDL100907(氟利色林)对蹒跚小鼠的剂量依赖性作用。如图3A所示,证实症状在2mg/kg,而不是1mg/kg时稍微减轻(Padich,RobertA.et al.,Psychopharmacol.124(1-2):107-116,1996)。另外,当施用各种5-羟色胺受体5-HT2A拮抗剂和反向激动剂时,测量了肌张力障碍的缓和程度。如图3B和3C所示,与对照组相比,选择性5-HT2A拮抗剂和反向激动剂MDL100907及匹马沙林(1.5mg/kg,Goldman,JD,Parkinsons Dis.,675630,2011)组未显示肌张力障碍麻痹。然而,非5-HT2A反向激动剂的5-HT2A拮抗剂格来色林(2mg/kg,Harvey et al.,Behav.Neurosci.,126(4):530,2012)显示出在对照组和MDL100907及匹马沙林组之间的中等程度的缓解。
实验实施例3.测量体内钙离子浓度变化
根据以上结果,本发明人着眼于5-HT2A与小脑中的钙信号密切相关的事实,研究了能否通过测量蹒跚小鼠小脑中钙离子浓度,来诊断肌张力障碍的症状并验证选择性5-HT2A拮抗剂的治疗效果。通过将编码钙传感器蛋白GCaMP6的基因转导到肌张力障碍模型小鼠的小脑中,能够引起小脑中钙信号的变化,然后测量与钙离子结合的GCaMP6蛋白的荧光强度。关于先前的筛选方法,可以通过肌张力障碍症状的总体缓解程度来推断治疗效果,而本发明中使用的方法可以通过实验动物更有效且实时地量化药物的效果。本发明人采用实时荧光分析,以分析肌张力障碍症状与实施例2中制备的局部转导蹒跚小鼠神经组织中钙离子浓度之间的相关性。特别地,为了通过保偏的单模光纤来刺激脑组织,使用频率20MHz、波长488nm的脉冲激光进行辐射(图4A左侧)。在脉冲激光辐射之后,使用基于TCSPC的光学测量系统(Becker&Hickl,德国)测量了509nm波长的荧光。然后基于测得的荧光计算荧光变化率(ΔF/F)。ΔF/F通过100×(F-F平均值)/F平均值计算,其中F平均值是指整个所得片段中荧光强度的平均值(Cui et al.,Nature,494(7436):238-242,2013;Matthews et al.,Bone,84:69-77,2016)。当小鼠处于笼中的开放视野箱中时,记录了30分钟的GCaMP6m荧光。
如图4D所示,证实了当实验动物在之前室内环境中时未观察到荧光变化,但是当将它们移动到开放视野箱并暴露于压力环境时,荧光信号显著增加。然而,如图4E所示,这种荧光信号的增加在选择性5-HT2A拮抗剂MDL100907给药组中,减少到和在之前室内环境中相同的水平。
此外,如图4C所示,证实了荧光信号的改变与由肌张力障碍引起的肌肉发作同步。这表明可以通过测量小脑中的钙离子浓度来验证缓解肌张力障碍的症状的候选药物的治疗功效。另外,如图4F所示,随着暴露于压力环境中的时间增加,对照组中钙离子的浓度显著增加,而在选择性5-HT2A拮抗剂MDL100907给药组中,即使长时间处于压力环境下,未观察到小脑中钙离子的浓度增加。
另一方面,如图4B所示,为了确认小脑中的运动活动和神经元活化,本发明人根据行为状态测量了钙离子的浓度。结果证实,与不运动或行走时相比,当模型动物表现出肌强直性姿势时,钙离子的浓度会明显增加。
这些结果可以预测压力与小脑中钙活性之间的关系。另外,本发明人证实,根据这些发现,肌张力障碍动物模型中由于压力引起的钙离子浓度的增加可被5-HT2A拮抗剂阻断。
实验实施例4.通过共聚焦成像进行荧光分析
麻醉在实施例2中制备的蹒跚小鼠后并将其暴露于压力环境中,首先用溶于PBS的肝素钠盐再灌注,然后用溶于PBS的4%甲醛再灌注。将脑切除后,将提取的脑用4%甲醛溶液固定过夜。固定后,使用振动切片机(莱卡,德国)将脑切成40μm厚度的切片。使用LSM 780共聚焦显微镜(蔡司,德国)获取大脑图像,并使用ZEN 2009图像软件(蔡司,德国)进行分析。
结果,如图4A右上方所示,确认了在顶核中由EGFP产生的绿色荧光。这表明根据本发明一个实施方案,局部转导至小脑的GCaMP6基因正常表达。
已经参考上述实施例描述了本发明,但是这些仅为实施例,且本领域技术人员能够理解,由此可以进行各种修改和等同的其他实施例。因此,本发明的真正技术范围应由所附权利要求的技术精神来决定。
工业可用性
本发明可用于制造能够有效减轻由遗传或环境因素引起的肌张力障碍症状以及引起抑郁症治疗副作用的肌张力障碍症状的药物。
Claims (1)
1.氟利色林作为唯一活性成份在制备治疗压力引起的肌张力障碍的药物中的应用。
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JP2021504392A (ja) | 2021-02-15 |
JP7177404B2 (ja) | 2022-11-24 |
US20200352950A1 (en) | 2020-11-12 |
KR20190061782A (ko) | 2019-06-05 |
CN111655265A (zh) | 2020-09-11 |
KR102036909B1 (ko) | 2019-10-25 |
CA3083932C (en) | 2024-01-02 |
AU2018376605A1 (en) | 2020-06-18 |
CA3083932A1 (en) | 2019-06-06 |
EP3718549A1 (en) | 2020-10-07 |
AU2018376605B2 (en) | 2022-06-16 |
WO2019107767A1 (ko) | 2019-06-06 |
EP3718549A4 (en) | 2021-12-01 |
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