CN111654946A - Line voltage compensation system for LED constant current control - Google Patents

Line voltage compensation system for LED constant current control Download PDF

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CN111654946A
CN111654946A CN202010447593.1A CN202010447593A CN111654946A CN 111654946 A CN111654946 A CN 111654946A CN 202010447593 A CN202010447593 A CN 202010447593A CN 111654946 A CN111654946 A CN 111654946A
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led
resistor
error amplifier
voltage
cathode
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朱力强
高健
周俊
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On Bright Electronics Shanghai Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/30—Driver circuits
    • H05B45/345—Current stabilisation; Maintaining constant current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/10—Controlling the intensity of the light
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B20/00—Energy efficient lighting technologies, e.g. halogen lamps or gas discharge lamps
    • Y02B20/30—Semiconductor lamps, e.g. solid state lamps [SSL] light emitting diodes [LED] or organic LED [OLED]

Abstract

A line voltage compensation system for LED constant current control is provided. The system comprises: the positive input end of the error amplifier inputs a reference voltage, and the negative input end of the error amplifier is connected with the compensation resistor; the emitter of the power adjusting tube is connected with the first sensing resistor, the grid of the power adjusting tube is connected with the output end of the error amplifier, and the collector of the power adjusting tube is connected with the cathode of the external LED; one end of the first sensing resistor is connected with the compensating resistor and the negative input end of the error amplifier in series, one end of the first sensing resistor is grounded, the second sensing resistor is connected between the negative input end of the error amplifier and the cathode of the LED, one end of the compensating resistor is connected with the negative input end of the error amplifier, and the other end of the compensating resistor is connected with the first sensing resistor.

Description

Line voltage compensation system for LED constant current control
Description of the cases
The present application is a divisional application of the invention patent application having an application date of 2016, 12/h, an application number of 201611142499.5, entitled "line voltage compensation system for constant current control of LED".
Technical Field
Certain embodiments of the invention relate to integrated circuits. More specifically, some embodiments of the present invention provide a line voltage compensation system for constant current control of LEDs.
Background
As a new energy-saving and environment-friendly light source, LEDs have been widely used in various fields due to their advantages of high brightness, low power consumption, and long life. Since the light-emitting brightness of an LED is proportional to the current flowing in the range close to the rated current, regardless of the voltage across the LED, a constant current source is desirable for supplying power to the LED during operation.
Fig. 1 shows a conventional LED linear constant current control system 100. The system has the characteristics of simple structure and low system cost, and is widely applied to the fields of LED illumination and the like. The main control units (shown in dashed lines) of the system 100 include: a sense resistor 101, a power transistor 102, and an error amplifier 103. The forward input end of the error amplifier inputs a reference voltage VrefThe negative input terminal is connected to the sense resistor 101; the output of the error amplifier is connected to the gate of the power transistor 102.
As shown in fig. 1, when powered up, the system 100 receives an Alternating Current (AC) input voltage 110. The voltage 110 is rectified by a rectifier 120 (e.g., a full-wave rectifier bridge), which rectifier 120 then generates a rectified output current for operation of the power conversion system 100. The capacitor 104 has one end connected to the output of the rectifier 120 and one end connected to ground. The rectified output current produces a bulk voltage V on the capacitor 104bulk。
After the error amplifier of the control unit is powered on, the voltage of the gate terminal is controlled to make the power adjusting tube 102 in a conducting state. When V isbulkWhen the voltage is higher than the minimum breakdown voltage of the LED, the current flows through the LED and flows into the sensing resistor 101 through the power adjusting tube 102, wherein the voltage of 101 corresponds to the inflow current of the LED. Error amplifier versus sensed voltage V of resistor 101senseAnd a reference voltage V at another input terminalrefThe error amplification is carried out to adjust the grid voltage of the power adjusting tube 102, thereby realizing the LEDAnd (5) constant current control. Output LED current IledAs shown in equation 1:
Figure BDA0002506491570000021
wherein R is1Represents the resistance value of the resistor 101, and VrefRepresenting a reference voltage.
In some application fields such as Power Factor (PF) or thyristor dimming (TRIAC dimming), the capacitance of the capacitor 104 is small, so V isbulkThe wave form rectified by the alternating current signal enters the anode of the LED. This will result in VbulkIn a mains power frequency period (e.g., 0.02s) with a low voltage, the LED cannot be turned on due to insufficient breakdown voltage, and thus no current flows through the LED. Therefore, in this application scenario, the output LED current IledAs shown in equation 2:
Figure BDA0002506491570000022
wherein T represents the power frequency period, TonRepresenting the on-time of the LED in the power frequency cycle.
The problem with this is that, according to (equation 2), when the mains grid voltage fluctuates, L is the conduction time T of the LED in the mains frequency cycleonAlso varies, resulting in an output current I of the LEDledIn variation, the input line voltage adjustment rate (line adjustment) of such systems is poor. The voltage regulation characterizes the relative amount of change, expressed in percentage terms, in the output current due to the change in the input voltage while all other influencing variables (e.g. temperature, etc.) remain unchanged. The smaller the voltage regulation rate, the better the system performance, and the larger the voltage regulation rate, the unstable system operation will be caused.
Therefore, there is a strong need for improved line voltage compensation techniques for constant current control of LEDs.
Disclosure of Invention
Certain embodiments of the invention relate to integrated circuits. More specifically, some embodiments of the present invention provide systems and methods for overvoltage protection. Merely by way of example, some embodiments of the invention are applied to LED lighting systems. It should be understood that the invention has broader applicability.
According to one embodiment, there is provided a line voltage compensation system for constant current control of an LED, the system comprising: the positive input end of the error amplifier inputs a reference voltage, and the negative input end of the error amplifier is connected with the compensation resistor; the emitter of the power adjusting tube is connected with the first sensing resistor, the grid of the power adjusting tube is connected with the output end of the error amplifier, and the collector of the power adjusting tube is connected with the cathode of the external LED; one end of the first sensing resistor is connected with the compensating resistor and the negative input end of the error amplifier in series, one end of the first sensing resistor is grounded, the second sensing resistor is connected between the negative input end of the error amplifier and the cathode of the LED, one end of the compensating resistor is connected with the negative input end of the error amplifier, and the other end of the compensating resistor is connected with the first sensing resistor.
According to another embodiment, an LED lamp comprising the line voltage compensation system for LED constant current control according to the embodiments of the present disclosure is provided.
According to embodiments, one or more benefits may be obtained. These benefits and various additional objects, features and advantages of the present invention can be fully understood with reference to the detailed description and accompanying drawings that follow.
Drawings
Fig. 1 shows a conventional LED linear constant current control system.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a line voltage compensation circuit for an LED linear constant current system, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a line voltage compensation circuit for an LED linear constant current system, according to a preferred embodiment of the present disclosure.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an improved line voltage compensation circuit for the LED linear constant current system according to the embodiment of fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an improved line voltage compensation circuit for the LED linear constant current system according to the embodiment of fig. 3.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of an improved line voltage compensation circuit for the LED linear constant current system according to the embodiment of fig. 3.
Detailed Description
Features and exemplary embodiments of various aspects of the present invention will be described in detail below. In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without some of these specific details. The following description of the embodiments is merely intended to provide a better understanding of the present invention by illustrating examples of the present invention. The present invention is in no way limited to any specific configuration and algorithm set forth below, but rather covers any modification, replacement or improvement of elements, components or algorithms without departing from the spirit of the invention. In the drawings and the following description, well-known structures and techniques are not shown in order to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the present invention.
Certain embodiments of the invention relate to integrated circuits. More specifically, some embodiments of the present invention provide a line voltage compensation system for constant current control of LEDs. Merely by way of example, some embodiments of the invention are applied to LED lighting. However, it will be appreciated that the invention has broader applicability.
The invention provides a line voltage compensation system for LED constant current control, which can realize the line voltage compensation function of an LED linear constant current system with low cost through the arrangement of a peripheral induction resistor and a compensation resistor of the system. Preferably, the control method of the invention can be applied to the field of LED illumination of a linear constant current control mode of high PF or TRAIC dimming.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a line voltage compensation circuit for an LED linear constant current system, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in fig. 2, a control system 200 for controlling LEDs 230 may include: a first sense resistor 201, a second sense resistor 202, a compensation resistor 203, an error amplifier 204, and a power adjust tube 205.
As shown in fig. 2, when powered up, the system 200 receives an Alternating Current (AC) input voltage 210. Voltage 210 is provided by rectifier 220 (e.g., a full wave rectifier bridge)The rectifier 220 then generates a rectified output current for operation of the power conversion system 200. The capacitor 206 has one end connected to the output of the rectifier 220 and one end connected to ground. The rectified output current produces a bulk voltage V on the capacitor 206bulk。
The reference voltage V is input to the positive input terminal of the error amplifier 204refThe negative input is connected to ground via a series connection of a compensation resistor 203, a first sense resistor 201, and to the output of the rectifier 220 via a second sense resistor 202; the output of the error amplifier 204 is connected to the gate of the power transistor 205. The emitter of the power transistor 205 is connected to the first sense resistor 201, the gate is connected to the output of the error amplifier 205, and the collector is connected to the cathode of the LED 230. The first sense resistor 201 has one end connected in series with the compensation resistor 203 and the negative input terminal of the error amplifier 204, and one end connected to ground. The second sense resistor 202 is connected between the negative input of the error amplifier 204 and the output of the rectifier 220. The compensation resistor 203 has one end connected to the negative input terminal of the error amplifier 204 and one end connected to the first sense resistor 201.
In the example of fig. 2, the power transistor 205 is an Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT). In another example, the power transistor 205 is a bipolar junction transistor. In another example, the power transistor 205 is a field effect transistor (e.g., a Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET)). In various examples, control system 200 may include more or fewer elements, where reference voltage V isrefThe value of (c) can be set as desired by one skilled in the art.
The second sense resistor 202 has a resistance value R2. R2 is the line voltage sense resistance, the current I flowing through the second sense resistor 202R2As shown in equation 3:
Figure BDA0002506491570000051
wherein, VbulkRepresenting the voltage produced on the capacitor 206 (which is characteristic of the input voltage to the system) R, after the mains supply has been rectified by the rectifier 2202Represents the resistance value of the second sense resistor 202, and VrefRepresenting a reference voltage. The current I flowing through the second sense resistor 202R2Corresponding to input voltage VbulkA change in (c).
Assuming that the compensation resistor 203 has a resistance value R3 to adjust the compensation amount of the line voltage, the LED current I is outputtedledAs shown in equation 4 or equation 5:
Figure BDA0002506491570000052
or equation 5
Figure BDA0002506491570000053
Wherein R is1Represents the resistance value, R, of the first sense resistor 2013Representing the resistance of the compensation resistor 203.
In the system of FIG. 2, V to which the second sense resistor 202 is connectedbulkIs the rectified voltage of the commercial power, and the maximum voltage can be up to hundreds of V. Therefore, the system sometimes has to choose a relatively expensive high withstand voltage resistance, or a combination of a plurality of resistors connected in series as the second sense resistor 202.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a line voltage compensation circuit for an LED linear constant current system, according to a preferred embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in fig. 3, a control system 300 for controlling LEDs 330 may include: : a first sense resistor 301, a second sense resistor 302, a compensation resistor 303, an error amplifier 304, and a power adjust transistor 305.
As shown in fig. 3, when powered on, the system 300 receives an Alternating Current (AC) input voltage 310. The voltage 310 is passed through a rectifier 320 (e.g., a full-wave rectifier bridge), which rectifier 320 then generates a rectified output current for operation of the power conversion system 300. The capacitor 306 has one end connected to the output of the rectifier 320 and one end connected to ground. The rectified output current produces a bulk voltage V on capacitor 306bulk。
The reference voltage V is input to the positive input terminal of the error amplifier 304refThe negative input terminal is connected with the compensation resistor 303 and the first sensing resistor 301; the output of the error amplifier is connected to the gate of the power transistor 305. The emitter of the power transistor 303 is connected to the first sense resistor 301, the gate is connected to the output of the error amplifier 304, and the collector is connected to the cathode of the LED 330. The first sense resistor 301 has one end connected in series with the compensation resistor 303 and the negative input terminal of the error amplifier 304, and one end connected to ground. The second sense resistor 302 is connected between the negative input of the error amplifier 304 and the cathode of the LED 330. The compensation resistor 303 has one end connected to the negative input terminal of the error amplifier 304 and one end connected to the first sensing resistor 301.
In the example of fig. 3, the power transistor 305 is an Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT). In another example, the power transistor 305 is a bipolar junction transistor. In another example, power transistor 305 is a field effect transistor (e.g., a Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET)). In various examples, control system 300 may include more or fewer elements, where reference voltage V isrefThe value of (c) can be set as desired by one skilled in the art.
As shown in fig. 3, the second sense resistor 302 connected to the cathode of the LED330 has a resistance value R2, R2 representing the line voltage sense resistance. The current I flowing through the second sense resistor 302R2As shown in equation 6:
Figure BDA0002506491570000061
wherein, VbulkRepresenting the voltage produced on capacitor 306 by the mains after rectification by rectifier 320 (which characterizes the input voltage to the system), R2Represents the resistance value, V, of the second sense resistor 302ledRepresents the forward voltage drop of the LED330 on, and VrefRepresenting a reference voltage.
Similarly, assuming that the compensation resistor 303 has a resistance value R3 to adjust the amount of compensation of the line voltage, the output LED330 current IledAs shown in equation 7 or equation 8:
Figure BDA0002506491570000062
or the process of equation 8 is carried out,
Figure BDA0002506491570000071
wherein R is1Representing the resistance value of the first sense resistor 301.
Since the maximum voltage at the cathode of the LED is only about a few tens of V, the current flowing through the second sense resistor 302 also corresponds to the input voltage VbulkIn the system of fig. 3, the second sensing resistor 302 can be implemented with a low-cost common voltage-withstanding resistor to implement the line voltage compensation function. Alternatively, the second sense resistor 302 may be a single resistor.
In yet another embodiment, a further compensation optimization of the architecture of fig. 3 is shown in accordance with fig. 4. In the system 400 of fig. 4, a second sense resistor 402 is connected in series between the negative input of the error amplifier 404 and the cathode of the LED430 by a voltage source 470; wherein the voltage source 470 has a cathode connected to the second sensing resistor 402 and an anode connected to the cathode of the LED 430. Other components and connections are similar to those of fig. 3 and will not be described again.
The current through the second sense resistor 402 corresponds to the input voltage VbulkAs shown in equation (9),
Figure BDA0002506491570000072
wherein, VbulkRepresenting the voltage produced on capacitor 406 (which is representative of the input voltage to the system) after the mains has been rectified by rectifier 420, R2Represents the resistance value, V, of the second sense resistor 402ledIs the forward voltage drop for LED conduction and V0 is the voltage of voltage source 470.
Similarly, assuming that the compensation resistor 403 has a resistance value R3 to adjust the amount of compensation of the line voltage, the output LED430 current IledAs shown in equation 10 or 11:
Figure BDA0002506491570000073
or the process of equation 8 is carried out,
Figure BDA0002506491570000074
wherein R is1Representing the resistance value of the first sense resistor 301.
Since the second sensing resistor 402 is connected to the cathode of the LED through the voltage source 407, and the maximum voltage of the node is several tens of volts, the performance requirement on the resistor is low, and a low-cost common voltage-withstanding resistor can be selected to realize the line voltage compensation function.
In yet another embodiment, a further compensation optimization of the architecture of fig. 3 is shown in accordance with fig. 5. In the system 500 of fig. 5, a second sense resistor 502 is connected in series between the negative input of the error amplifier 504 and the cathode of the LED530 through a diode 570; the cathode of the diode 570 is connected to the second sensing resistor 502, and the anode is connected to the cathode of the LED 530. Other components and connections are similar to those of fig. 3 and will not be described again. The diode 570 plays a role in stabilizing voltage by utilizing the unidirectional conduction characteristic, so that the second sensing resistor 502 is further protected, and the performance requirement on the resistor is reduced.
In yet another embodiment, a further compensation optimization of the architecture of fig. 3 is shown in accordance with fig. 6. In the system 600 of fig. 6, the second sense resistor 602 is connected in series between the negative input of the error amplifier 604 and the cathode of the LED630 through a zener diode 670; wherein the anode of the zener diode 670 is connected to the second sensing resistor 502 and the cathode is connected to the cathode of the LED 630. Other components and connections are similar to those of fig. 3 and will not be described again. The reverse breakdown characteristic of the zener diode 670 is utilized to perform a voltage stabilizing function, so that the second sensing resistor 602 is further protected, and the performance requirement on the resistor is reduced.
The invention provides a line voltage compensation system for LED constant current control, which can realize the line voltage compensation function of an LED linear constant current system with low cost through the arrangement of a peripheral induction resistor and a compensation resistor of the system. Preferably, the control method of the invention can be applied to the field of LED illumination of a linear constant current control mode of high PF or TRAIC dimming.
For example, some or all of the components of the various embodiments of the present invention may each be implemented alone and/or in combination with at least one other component, using one or more software components, one or more hardware components, and/or one or more combinations of software and hardware components. In another example, some or all of the components of various embodiments of the present invention are each implemented in one or more circuits, such as one or more analog circuits and/or one or more digital circuits, alone and/or in combination with at least one other component. In another example, various embodiments and/or examples of the invention may be combined.
While specific embodiments of the invention have been described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that there are other embodiments that are equivalent to the described embodiments. It is understood, therefore, that this invention is not limited to the particular embodiments shown, but is only limited by the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (9)

1. A line voltage compensation system for constant current control of an LED, the system comprising:
the positive input end of the error amplifier is input with a reference voltage, and the negative input end of the error amplifier is connected with the compensation resistor;
the emitter of the power adjusting tube is connected with the first sensing resistor, the grid of the power adjusting tube is connected with the output end of the error amplifier, and the collector of the power adjusting tube is connected with the cathode of the external LED;
one end of the first sensing resistor is connected with a compensation resistor and a negative input end of the error amplifier in series, one end of the first sensing resistor is grounded, the second sensing resistor is connected between the negative input end of the error amplifier and the cathode of the LED, one end of the compensation resistor is connected with the negative input end of the error amplifier, and the other end of the compensation resistor is connected with the first sensing resistor.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein a current I flowing through the first sense resistorR2The following were determined:
Figure FDA0002506491560000011
wherein, VbulkRepresenting the input voltage of said system, R2Representing the resistance value, V, of said second sensing resistorledRepresents a forward voltage drop of the LED conduction, and VrefRepresenting the reference voltage.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein the power transistor is an Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT).
4. The system of claim 1, wherein the reference voltage is variable.
5. The system of claim 1, wherein the first sense resistor is a single resistor.
6. The system of claim 1, wherein a voltage source is also connected in series between the second sense resistor and the LED, a negative terminal of the voltage source being connected to the second sense resistor and a positive terminal being connected to a cathode of the LED.
7. The system of claim 1, wherein a diode is further connected in series between the second sense resistor and the LED, a cathode of the diode being connected to the second sense resistor and an anode of the diode being connected to a cathode of the LED.
8. The system of claim 1, wherein a zener diode is further connected in series between the second sense resistor and the LED, the zener diode having an anode connected to the second sense resistor and a cathode connected to the cathode of the LED.
9. An LED luminaire comprising the line voltage compensation system for LED constant current control as claimed in any one of claims 1-8.
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CN107529251A (en) * 2017-07-17 2017-12-29 上海源微电子科技有限公司 A kind of LED linear constant-current drive circuit with overvoltage crowbar
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CN203399353U (en) * 2013-07-03 2014-01-15 广州盛泽光电科技有限公司 Novel LED alternating current drive circuit
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CN203399353U (en) * 2013-07-03 2014-01-15 广州盛泽光电科技有限公司 Novel LED alternating current drive circuit
CN106102251A (en) * 2016-08-01 2016-11-09 上海灿瑞科技股份有限公司 There is LED drive chip and the Circuits System thereof of power back-off function

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