CN111654208A - Low-frequency broadband noise absorption and energy collection device and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Low-frequency broadband noise absorption and energy collection device and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N2/00—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
- H02N2/18—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing electrical output from mechanical input, e.g. generators
- H02N2/186—Vibration harvesters
- H02N2/188—Vibration harvesters adapted for resonant operation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N2/00—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
- H02N2/22—Methods relating to manufacturing, e.g. assembling, calibration
Abstract
The invention relates to a low-frequency broadband noise absorption and energy collection device, which comprises a transducer array, a rectifier bridge and a power management module which are sequentially connected, wherein the transducer array is used for absorbing low-frequency broadband noise and converting noise sound energy into electric energy; compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages of effectively absorbing low-frequency broadband noise, effectively converting the low-frequency broadband noise into electric energy and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of functional devices, in particular to a low-frequency broadband noise absorption and energy collection device and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the development of industry and urbanization, noise from traffic, factories, construction sites and the like becomes more and more prominent, and the noise becomes one of pollution sources seriously harming human health. On the other hand, waste energy sources (such as heat energy, wind energy, vibration energy, sound energy and the like) are absorbed from the environment and converted into useful electric energy, so that the energy sources are provided for the low-power consumption wireless sensors, and the method is an effective way for realizing a self-powered wireless sensor network. Therefore, designing and preparing a device capable of absorbing noise in the environment and converting it into electric energy can simultaneously solve the above-mentioned problems.
The sound absorption is mainly divided into active sound absorption and passive sound absorption, wherein the active sound absorption is realized by providing a secondary sound source, generating sound waves with the same amplitude and opposite phases with a noise sound source and superposing the sound waves, the sound absorption mode not only needs to provide energy sources but also needs a complex control algorithm, and the working frequency is high frequency; passive sound absorption mainly includes material sound absorption, and the material sound absorption has traditional timber, fibre, plastics to reach synthetic material, like polymer, mineral etc. but traditional material is because the hole is more, piles up the dust easily, and operating band is higher, is not suitable for low frequency sound absorption.
The piezoelectric transducer for converting sound energy into electric energy is mainly realized by the piezoelectric effect of materials such as piezoelectric ceramics, ferroelectric polymers and the like, but the acoustic impedance of the piezoelectric ceramics and the ferroelectric polymers is far greater than that of air, so that the conversion efficiency of noise taking air as a propagation medium is low.
At present, noise absorption and energy acquisition device's noise conversion efficiency is low, especially to low frequency broadband noise, can't effectively absorb and energy acquisition, seriously influences noise conversion efficiency, and under multiple scenes such as actual thing networking wireless terminal, portable biosensor, intelligent house power supply, track traffic and resident environmental noise, all contained a large amount of low frequency broadband noise, consequently need to design an effective absorption low frequency broadband noise to can effectively change the device of electric energy into.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a low-frequency broadband noise absorption and energy collection device which can effectively absorb low-frequency broadband noise and can effectively convert the low-frequency broadband noise into electric energy and a preparation method thereof.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a low-frequency broadband noise absorption and energy collection device comprises a transducer array, a rectifier bridge and a power management module which are sequentially connected, wherein the transducer array is used for absorbing low-frequency broadband noise and converting noise sound energy into electric energy, the rectifier bridge is used for receiving the electric energy input by the transducer array and transmitting the electric energy to the power management module, the transducer array comprises a plurality of resonant cavities which are different in structural parameters and are sequentially arranged, transducers are respectively and fixedly installed in the resonant cavities, and the transducers are piezoelectric electret thin film transducers;
the resonant cavities with different structural parameters respectively absorb the noise with different frequencies, and the transducers attached in the resonant cavities with different structural parameters respectively convert the sound energy of the noise with corresponding frequency into electric energy. Different structural parameters are set for the resonant cavity according to the frequency band of the required absorbed noise, and the noise absorption efficiency is improved.
Preferably, the resonant cavity is a helmholtz resonant cavity, the transducer array is a helmholtz resonant cavity array, the piezoelectric electret film transducer is attached to the inside of the helmholtz resonant cavity, and the structural parameters of the helmholtz resonant cavity array are set according to the frequency band of the required absorbed noise.
The Helmholtz resonant cavity array can effectively absorb low-frequency broadband noise, the resonant cavity with each specific structural parameter correspondingly absorbs noise with a certain specific frequency, and the piezoelectric electret film transducer attached to the inner wall of the resonant cavity can convert sound energy of the noise with the specific frequency into electric energy, so that double effects of low-frequency broadband sound absorption and energy collection and power generation are realized. The piezoelectric electret material has the characteristics of good flexibility, approximate acoustic impedance to air, high piezoelectric sensitivity, wide frequency band and the like, is very suitable for preparing the high-efficiency air coupling acoustoelectric transducer, and is an ideal material for collecting noise energy.
Furthermore, the resonant cavity comprises a cavity and a neck, the neck is arranged below the cavity and communicated with the cavity, and the transducer is attached to the inner wall of the cavity.
Furthermore, the cavity is a cubic cavity, and the neck is a cylindrical cavity.
Still further preferably, the diameter of the neck is smaller than the length of the cavity, and the dimensions of the neck and the cavity are set according to the frequency band of the required absorption noise.
More preferably, the transducers are attached to the four peripheral surfaces of the inner wall of the cavity, and the transducers can be attached to the top of the inner wall of the cavity.
Furthermore, the piezoelectric electret film transducer comprises electrodes and a piezoelectric electret film, wherein the electrodes are respectively arranged on two sides of the piezoelectric electret film, and one side of the electrodes is attached to the inner wall of the resonant cavity.
Furthermore, the transducer also comprises an upper electrode lead and a lower electrode lead which are respectively led out from the electrodes at two sides of the piezoelectric electret membrane, and the upper electrode lead and the lower electrode lead are connected with the rectifying bridge.
Still further preferably, the resonant cavity is a polymer resonant cavity, a glass resonant cavity or a metal resonant cavity, wherein, since the resonant frequencies of the polymers are different, a suitable polymer can be selected according to the frequency of sound absorption and noise reduction required, and the glass or metal can be selected according to the processing precision and cost. The acoustic impedance of the materials is larger than that of air, and the materials are hard boundaries, so that the noise conversion efficiency can be effectively improved, and the materials are easy to process and manufacture and convenient to obtain.
A preparation method of the low-frequency broadband noise absorption and energy collection device comprises the following steps:
s1: determining the size of a Helmholtz resonant cavity array according to the given frequency band noise;
s2: selecting a polymer, glass or metal material to manufacture a Helmholtz resonant cavity array according to the size determined in the step S1;
s3: the piezoelectric electret film transducer is attached in a Helmholtz resonant cavity, and leads are respectively led out from electrodes on two sides of a piezoelectric electret film to form an upper electrode lead and a lower electrode lead;
s4: respectively connecting an upper electrode lead and a lower electrode lead to the input end of a rectifier bridge;
s5: and connecting the output end of the rectifier bridge to a power management module.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1) the invention sets resonant cavities with different structural parameters according to a specific noise frequency band to form a resonant cavity array with a specific structure, and the resonant cavities adopt Helmholtz resonant cavities, so that the noise absorption efficiency can be effectively improved, and the sound pressure level of sound waves passing through the device is maintained below 70dB under the condition that the incident sound pressure is 2Pa (100dB) in the frequency band of 300-800 Hz;
2) according to the invention, the piezoelectric electret film transducer is arranged in the Helmholtz resonant cavity, so that the energy collection and electric energy conversion efficiency of low-frequency broadband noise can be effectively realized, the sound energy collection function in a frequency band of 300-800 Hz can be realized, and the average output power reaches 15.6nW under the condition that the incident sound pressure is 2Pa (100 dB);
3) the invention effectively combines the resonant cavity and the piezoelectric electret film transducer to form a sound energy absorption and energy acquisition device of low-frequency broadband noise, thereby realizing the double effects of low-frequency broadband sound absorption and energy acquisition and power generation, and improving the energy utilization efficiency while absorbing noise;
4) the device is easy to miniaturize, and the collected electric energy can be used for supplying power to low-power consumption electronic devices, such as an Internet of things wireless terminal, a portable biosensor, an intelligent home and the like; the method can also be used for occasions such as noise reduction and resident environment noise processing in rail transit, and has high practicability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a Helmholtz resonator unit with a piezoelectric electret film transducer;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a piezoelectric electret film transducer configuration;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a Helmholtz resonator array configuration with piezoelectric electret film transducers;
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the sound absorption result of the device of the present invention in the frequency range of 300 to 800Hz in the example;
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the energy collection result of the device of the present invention in the frequency range of 300-800 Hz in the embodiment;
FIG. 7 is a plan view of an apparatus of the present invention in an embodiment;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a single helmholtz resonator of the present invention, wherein fig. 8a is a schematic diagram of the whole structure, and fig. 8b is an enlarged view of a portion a in fig. 8 a.
The piezoelectric electret film resonator comprises a cavity, a cavity inner wall, a cavity, a transducer, a cavity, a neck, an electrode, a piezoelectric electret film, a lower electrode lead, an upper electrode lead, a lower electrode lead, a piezoelectric electret film.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a sound energy absorption and energy collection device for low-frequency broadband noise, which includes a transducer array, a rectifier bridge and a power management module, which are connected to each other, wherein the transducer array is used for absorbing low-frequency broadband noise and converting noise sound energy into electric energy, and the electric energy is input into the power management module through the rectifier bridge to realize energy collection.
As shown in fig. 4, the transducer array of the present invention is a helmholtz resonator array, which includes a plurality of resonators 9 with different structural parameters, the resonators 9 of the present invention are helmholtz resonators with transducers 2, as shown in fig. 2, comprises a cavity 3 and a neck 4, wherein the cavity 3 is a cubic cavity, the neck 4 is a cylindrical cavity, the neck 4 is communicated with the cavity 3, is arranged below the cavity 3, has a diameter smaller than the length of the cavity 3, the transducer 2 is attached to the inner wall 1 of the cavity, the helmholtz resonant cavity array can effectively absorb low-frequency broadband noise, each resonant cavity 9 with specific structural parameters correspondingly absorbs the noise of a specific frequency, the piezoelectric electret film transducer attached to the inner wall 1 of the cavity can convert the sound energy of the noise with the specific frequency into electric energy, and the double effects of low-frequency broadband sound absorption and energy collection and power generation are realized.
As shown in fig. 3, the transducer 2 is a piezoelectric electret film transducer, and includes an electrode 5 and a piezoelectric electret film 6, the electrode 5 is respectively disposed on two sides of the piezoelectric electret film 6, the electrode 5 on one side is attached to the four peripheral surfaces of the inner wall 1 of the cavity, and the transducer can be attached to the top of the cavity.
Piezoelectric transducers that convert acoustic energy into electrical energy are mainly realized by the piezoelectric effect of materials such as piezoelectric ceramics, ferroelectric polymers, piezoelectric electrets, and the like. The acoustic impedance of the piezoelectric ceramic and the ferroelectric polymer is far greater than that of air, so that the conversion efficiency of noise taking air as a propagation medium is low, and the piezoelectric electret material has the characteristics of good flexibility, acoustic impedance close to air, high piezoelectric sensitivity, wide frequency band and the like, is very suitable for preparing a high-efficiency air coupling acoustoelectric transducer, and is an ideal material for collecting noise energy.
The invention provides a low-frequency broadband sound energy absorption and energy acquisition device, which comprises the following preparation processes:
(1) designing the size of a Helmholtz resonant cavity array of a given frequency band according to the resonance frequency through the basic theory of Helmholtz resonant cavities, and manufacturing a corresponding transducer array by using polymer, glass or metal materials, wherein the polymer has different resonance frequencies, so that the proper polymer can be selected according to the frequency required for sound absorption and noise reduction, and the glass or metal can be selected according to the processing precision and cost;
(2) fixing a piezoelectric electret film transducer 2 on the inner wall 1 of a cavity by using glue, and leading out wires from two electrodes of the piezoelectric electret film transducer 2 to respectively form an upper electrode lead 7 and a lower electrode lead 8;
(3) connecting the lead-out wire to the input end of a rectifier bridge;
(4) the output end of the rectifier bridge is connected with the power management module to obtain the sound energy absorption and energy collection device of the low-frequency broadband noise.
Examples
As shown in fig. 7 and 8, a structure diagram of a transducer array and a resonant cavity used in the present embodiment is shown, wherein the length of the cavity 3 is 15.8mm, the width is 15.8mm, the radius of the neck 4 is 2.25mm, and the length is 10mm, in the present embodiment, the transducer array includes nine resonant cavities 9 (labeled from a to i), the nine resonant cavities 9 are arranged in sequence according to the height, and the height of each resonant cavity is 24.57mm, 26.08mm, 28.95mm, 34.65mm, 42.98mm, 55.82mm, 73.86mm, 96.53mm, and 119mm, respectively.
In this example, the piezoelectric electret film 6 is a cross-linked polypropylene piezoelectric electret film having a quasi-static piezoelectric coefficient of 500pC N-1, a young's modulus of 1.2MPa, a density of 550kg m-3, an electromechanical coupling coefficient of 0.08, a relative permittivity of 1.8, and a characteristic acoustic impedance of about 0.033MRayl, and in addition, the piezoelectric electret film 6 may be made of a polymer such as polypropylene (PP), Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), fluorinated polyethylene propylene (FEP), or Cyclic Olefin Copolymer (COC), or a metal having a high hardness such as: the piezoelectric electret film 6 is made of iron, copper, aluminum, or the like. The upper electrode lead 7 and the lower electrode lead 8 were each manufactured by covering an aluminum electrode having a thickness of 100nm by a vacuum method.
In this embodiment, the preparation process of the device specifically includes:
(1) determining the size of the Helmholtz resonant cavity array analyzed above, drawing each cavity by using CAD software to form a panel, and preparing each panel by cutting an acrylic plate with the thickness of 2mm by laser;
(2) the method comprises the following steps of manufacturing a piezoelectric electret film transducer 2 by using an electrode 5 and a cross-linked polypropylene piezoelectric electret film 6, manufacturing an upper electrode lead 7 and a lower electrode lead 8 by using an aluminum electrode, fixing the piezoelectric electret film transducer 2 on the inner wall 1 of a cavity of a Helmholtz resonant cavity by using glue, and respectively leading out the upper electrode lead 7 and the lower electrode lead 8 from two electrodes of the piezoelectric electret film transducer 2;
(3) connecting the lead-out wire to the input end of a rectifier bridge;
(4) the output end of the rectifier bridge is connected with the power management module to obtain the sound energy absorption and energy collection device of the low-frequency broadband noise.
After the fabrication, the device was used to test the sound energy absorption and energy collection effects of low frequency broadband noise at an incident sound pressure of 2Pa (100dB), as shown in fig. 5 and 6.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the sound absorption result of the device in the frequency band of 300-800 Hz under the condition that the incident sound pressure is 2Pa (100dB), and it can be seen from the graph that the device of the present invention can maintain the sound pressure level of the sound wave after passing through the device below 70dB, i.e. the sound pressure level of the transmitted wave below 70dB, and can effectively absorb the noise.
FIG. 6 is a graph of the energy collection result of the device in the frequency band of 300-800 Hz under the condition that the incident sound pressure is 2Pa (100dB), and it can be seen from the graph that the average output power of the device is 15.6nW, and the device has higher energy conversion efficiency.
While the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, the invention is not limited thereto, and those skilled in the art can easily conceive of various equivalent modifications or substitutions within the technical scope of the invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. The low-frequency broadband noise absorption and energy collection device is characterized by comprising a transducer array, a rectifier bridge and a power management module which are sequentially connected, wherein the transducer array is used for absorbing low-frequency broadband noise and converting noise sound energy into electric energy, the rectifier bridge is used for receiving the electric energy input by the transducer array and transmitting the electric energy to the power management module, the transducer array comprises a plurality of resonant cavities (9) which are different in structural parameters and are sequentially arranged, transducers (2) are respectively and fixedly installed in the resonant cavities (9), and the transducers (2) are piezoelectric electret film transducers;
the resonant cavities (9) with different structural parameters respectively absorb the noise with different frequencies, and the transducers (2) attached in the resonant cavities (9) with different structural parameters respectively convert the sound energy of the noise with corresponding frequencies into electric energy.
2. The low-frequency broadband noise absorption and energy collection device according to claim 1, wherein the resonant cavity (9) is a helmholtz resonant cavity, the transducer array is a helmholtz resonant cavity array, the piezoelectric electret thin-film transducer is attached to the inside of the helmholtz resonant cavity, and the structural parameters of the helmholtz resonant cavity array are set according to the frequency band of the required absorbed noise.
3. The low-frequency broadband noise absorption and energy collection device according to claim 2, wherein the resonant cavity (9) comprises a cavity (3) and a neck (4), the neck (4) is disposed below the cavity (3) and is communicated with the cavity (3), and the transducer (2) is attached to the inner wall (1) of the cavity.
4. A low frequency broadband noise absorbing and energy harvesting device according to claim 3, wherein the chamber (3) is a cubic chamber and the neck (4) is a cylindrical chamber.
5. A low frequency broadband noise absorbing and energy harvesting device according to claim 4, wherein the diameter of the neck (4) is smaller than the length of the cavity (3), and the dimensions of the neck (4) and the cavity (3) are set according to the frequency band of the required noise absorption.
6. The low-frequency broadband noise absorption and energy collection device according to claim 4, wherein the transducers (2) are attached to the peripheral surface of the inner wall (1) of the cavity.
7. The low-frequency broadband noise absorption and energy collection device according to claim 2, wherein the piezoelectric electret thin-film transducer (2) comprises a piezoelectric electret film (6) and electrodes (5) connected with a rectifier bridge, the electrodes (5) are respectively arranged on two sides of the piezoelectric electret film (6), and one electrode (5) is attached to the inner wall of the resonant cavity (9).
8. A low frequency broadband noise absorbing and energy harvesting device according to claim 7, wherein the transducer (2) further comprises an upper electrode lead (7) and a lower electrode lead (8) respectively led out from the electrodes (5) on both sides of the piezoelectric electret film (6), and the upper electrode lead (7) and the lower electrode lead (8) are connected with the rectifying bridge.
9. A low frequency broadband noise absorption and energy harvesting device according to claim 8, wherein said resonator (9) is a polymer resonator, a glass resonator or a metal resonator.
10. A method of making a low frequency broadband noise absorbing and energy harvesting device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising the steps of:
s1: determining the size of a Helmholtz resonant cavity array according to the given frequency band noise;
s2: selecting a polymer, glass or metal material to manufacture a Helmholtz resonant cavity array according to the size determined in the step S1;
s3: the piezoelectric electret thin film transducer (2) is attached in a Helmholtz resonant cavity (9), and leads are respectively led out from electrodes (5) on two sides of a piezoelectric electret film (6) to form an upper electrode lead (7) and a lower electrode lead (8);
s4: respectively connecting an upper electrode lead (7) and a lower electrode lead (8) to the input end of a rectifier bridge;
s5: and connecting the output end of the rectifier bridge to a power management module.
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| US20110074245A1 (en) * | 2009-09-25 | 2011-03-31 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Acoustic power generator and method for manufacturing the same |
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2020
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| US20110074245A1 (en) * | 2009-09-25 | 2011-03-31 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Acoustic power generator and method for manufacturing the same |
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| CN103682081A (en) * | 2012-09-14 | 2014-03-26 | 纳米新能源（唐山）有限责任公司 | Piezoelectric electret film and preparation method thereof |
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