CN111652154A - Underdetermined system mode identification method based on automatic frequency band segmentation - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of civil engineering structure health monitoring data analysis, and particularly provides a method for identifying an underdetermined system mode based on automatic frequency band segmentation; the response of the vibration system is transformed into a time-frequency domain through short-time Fourier transform, so that the window length of the short-time Fourier is adaptively determined by utilizing information entropy, the minimum value of a frequency spectrum is automatically searched according to a scale space peak detection method and is determined as a segmentation point in the frequency range, then a single-mode point on a time-frequency plane is detected in each frequency sub-band, the single-mode point is clustered to obtain a vibration mode matrix, and the number measured in each frequency sub-band is greater than that of an active mode, so that time-domain modal response is obtained through short-time Fourier inverse transformation, and finally the frequency and the damping ratio can be estimated by utilizing a logarithmic attenuation technology; the invention automatically positions the division point on the frequency axis, and uses sparse component analysis in the sub-frequency band, so that the division point can be accurately identified under the condition of larger under-determined range.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of analysis of health monitoring data of civil engineering structures, relates to a modal identification method under the condition of large underdetermined degree, and particularly relates to an underdetermined system modal identification method based on automatic frequency band segmentation.
Background
The modal parameters comprise modal frequency, vibration mode and damping ratio, and are important parameters for representing the dynamic characteristics of the civil engineering structure. The process of identifying modal parameters from vibration data is consistent with the principle of a blind source separation method, so that the modal identification method based on the blind source separation theory is developed. The number of active modalities of the actual structure is often unknown and the number of sensors may be limited, so the underdetermined blind source separation method is suitable for modality identification of large structures.
Sparse component analysis is suitable for handling underdetermined problems. The time-frequency transformation is a necessary step for realizing time-frequency response sparseness through sparse component analysis, and mainly adopts short-time Fourier transformation to transform time-domain data to a time-frequency domain, and then utilizes a clustering technology to estimate the mode shape after the time-frequency transformation. When the underrun of the blind source separation system is large, meaning that the number of available measurements is much smaller than the number of modes participating in the vibration, the accuracy of the sparse component analysis method will be reduced.
To address this problem, by dividing the frequency range into subbands, using sparse component analysis in the subbands may improve the accuracy of modal identification when the degree of underplanning is large. However, dividing the frequency range often requires manual selection from the spectrum.
Therefore, it is important to research an automatic band segmentation technique for the sparse component analysis-based mode identification. .
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an underdetermined system mode identification method based on automatic frequency band segmentation so as to improve the mode identification precision of a sparse component analysis method under the condition of larger underdetermined degree.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an underdetermined system mode identification method based on automatic frequency band segmentation comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: converting the acceleration response to a time-frequency domain;
converting the response of the vibration system to a time-frequency domain by a short-time Fourier transform; the expression in the time-frequency domain isIn the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,andare respectively responsesAnd modal responseA short-time fourier transform at the frequency ω at time i.Is thatThe ith element in (1);
the second step is that: determining the window length of short-time Fourier transform by using the information entropy;
coefficient of time frequencyConsidered as a probability distribution sequence, the probability of each time-frequency coefficient can be calculated as:then, the entropy of the time-frequency representation is obtained:calculating entropy values of time-frequency coefficients under different window lengths, determining the window length when the entropy takes the minimum value as an optimal window length parameter, and calculating a short-time Fourier transform coefficient of structural response under the window length;
the third step: automatically segmenting frequency sub-bands using scale space peak detection;
based on the theory that the vicinity of the peak value of the frequency response function is dominant in a certain order mode, selecting a minimum value between two peak values of a power spectrum as a dividing point of a frequency band; t is tkThe amplitude of the short-time Fourier transform coefficient at the ith position at time and frequency of omega isThe target amplitude of the peak pickup is represented asWherein AMP isi(tkω) is a searchTarget amplitude of minimum value. Automated detection of AMPs using a scale-space approachi(tkω) to obtain a separation point of the sub-band division, and performing frequency sub-band division on the corresponding short-time Fourier transform coefficient;
the fourth step: selecting a single-mode point in each sub-band;
selecting time frequency points which mainly contribute to the j-th order mode from a time frequency plane, and adopting a formula:choosing is performed where Δ θ is a given threshold, Re {. cndot.) denotes the real part of the extracted data, Im {. cndot.) denotes the imaginary part of the extracted data, and the subscript ΩjRepresenting the jth time-frequency subspace, and marking the single mode point corresponding to the jth order mode as the mode point
The fifth step: estimating the vibration mode by using the short-time Fourier coefficient of the single-mode point through a clustering technology;
within each sub-frequency band, for the time-frequency coefficient at the single-mode pointClustering is carried out, wherein N is the number of modes participating in vibration, and the obtained clustering center is the vibration mode of each order of modes;
and a sixth step: frequency and damping ratio identification;
calculating the modal response of the time-frequency domain through an inverse operation:whereinIs shown asThe pseudo-inverse of (a) is,and further performing short-time inverse Fourier transform on the time-frequency coefficient of the j-th order modal response to obtain a time-domain modal response, and finally estimating the damping ratio by using a logarithmic attenuation method.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the response of the vibration system is transformed into a time-frequency domain through short-time Fourier transform, and the window length of the short-time Fourier is adaptively determined by utilizing the information entropy; automatically searching a minimum value of a frequency spectrum by using a scale space peak value detection method, and determining the minimum value as a segmentation point in a frequency range; detecting single-mode points on a time-frequency plane in each frequency sub-band, and clustering the single-mode points to obtain a vibration mode matrix; since the number of measurements is greater than the number of active modes in each frequency subband, the time domain modal response is obtained by short-time inverse fourier transform, and the frequency and damping ratio are further estimated using logarithmic attenuation techniques.
According to the invention, the frequency range is divided into sub-frequency bands, the underdetermined problem is converted into the overdetermined problem which is easy to solve, the division point on the frequency axis can be automatically positioned without manual selection based on the scale space peak value detection method, and the accuracy of mode identification under the condition of larger underdetermined range is improved.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood by those skilled in the art, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to specific examples.
Example one
Taking a 10-layer linear shear building model, wherein the floor mass and the interlayer rigidity of each layer are respectively 1000Kg and 1.76108N/m; the mass proportion damping is adopted, the damping coefficient is 2, and the obtained maximum damping ratio is 1.5%. And generating free vibration response by applying initial conditions, and performing modal identification by adopting the first two structural responses.
Based on the above conditions, the present embodiment provides an underdetermined system mode identification method based on automatic band segmentation, including the following steps:
the first step is as follows: converting the acceleration response to a time-frequency domain;
the response of the vibrating system is converted to the time-frequency domain by a short-time fourier transform. The expression in the time-frequency domain isIn the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,andare respectively responsesAnd modal responseShort-time Fourier transform at time t at frequency ω;is thatThe ith element in (1); acceleration data is acquired by an acceleration sensor in a structural health monitoring system;
the second step is that: determining the window length of short-time Fourier transform by using the information entropy;
coefficient of time frequencyConsidered as a probability distribution sequence, the probability of each time-frequency coefficient can be calculated as:then obtaining the time-frequency meterEntropy of the graph:calculating information entropy values of different window lengths (0.2s to 5s), wherein the information entropy is minimum when the window length is 1s, so that the optimal window length is selected to be 1s, and calculating a short-time Fourier transform coefficient of structural response under 1 s;
the third step: automatically segmenting frequency sub-bands using scale space peak detection;
based on the theory that the vicinity of the peak of the frequency response function is dominant for a certain order mode, the minimum value between two peaks of the power spectrum is selected as the dividing point of the frequency band. t is tkThe amplitude of the short-time Fourier transform coefficient at the ith position at time and frequency of omega isThe target amplitude of the peak pickup is represented asWherein AMP isi(tkω) is a searchTarget amplitude of minimum value. Automated detection of AMPs using a scale-space approachi(tkω) to obtain a separation point of the sub-band division, so that the frequency axis is divided into ten bands;
the fourth step: selecting a single-mode point in each sub-band;
selecting time frequency points which mainly contribute to the j-th order mode from a time frequency plane, and adopting a formula:selecting, and marking the single mode point corresponding to the j-th order mode as the single mode point
The fifth step: estimating the vibration mode by using the short-time Fourier coefficient of the single-mode point through a clustering technology;
within each sub-frequency band, for the time-frequency coefficient at the single-mode pointClustering is carried out, wherein N is the number of modes participating in vibration, and the obtained clustering center is the vibration mode of each order of modes;
and a sixth step: frequency and damping ratio identification;
calculating the modal response of the time-frequency domain through an inverse operation:estimating the damping ratio by using a logarithmic attenuation method, wherein the finally identified modal frequency of each order is as follows: 9.97Hz, 29.73Hz, 48.76Hz, 66.75Hz, 83.27Hz, 97.60Hz, 110.34Hz, 120.76Hz, 127.62Hz and 132.26Hz, and the damping ratio of each step is: 1.52%, 0.52%, 0.31%, 0.23%, 0.18%, 0.15%, 0.11%, 0.13% and 0.12%.
The seventh step: and determining the health state of the civil engineering structure based on the modal parameters obtained by the identification.
Example two
The embodiment provides a civil engineering structure health state monitoring system based on automatic frequency band division, which comprises a remote server and an acceleration sensor which is arranged at a main body part of a civil engineering structure and is used for acquiring acceleration data; the acceleration sensor can comprise a controller, a GPS module, a thermometer, an accelerometer, a gyroscope, a 3D compass, a wireless transceiver and a power supply module, wherein the controller is respectively connected with the wireless transceiver, the accelerometer and the power supply module, and the GPS module, the thermometer, the gyroscope and the 3D compass are all connected with the accelerometer; the acceleration sensor is connected with the remote server in a wired or wireless mode, and acceleration data acquired by the acceleration sensor is transmitted to the remote server for modal identification.
The remote server is used for executing the following steps:
the first step is as follows: converting the acceleration response to a time-frequency domain;
transforming the response of the vibrating system by short-time Fourier transformConverting to a time-frequency domain; the expression in the time-frequency domain isIn the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,andare respectively responsesAnd modal responseShort-time Fourier transform at a frequency ω at time i;is thatThe ith element in (1);
the second step is that: determining the window length of short-time Fourier transform by using the information entropy;
coefficient of time frequencyConsidered as a probability distribution sequence, the probability of each time-frequency coefficient can be calculated as:then, the entropy of the time-frequency representation is obtained:calculating entropy values of time-frequency coefficients under different window lengths, determining the window length when the entropy takes the minimum value as an optimal window length parameter, and calculating a short-time Fourier transform coefficient of structural response under the window length;
the third step: automatically segmenting frequency sub-bands using scale space peak detection;
frequency-basedThe method comprises the following steps that a theory that a certain order mode is dominant is formed near the peak value of a rate response function, and a minimum value between two peak values of a power spectrum is selected as a dividing point of a frequency band; t is tkThe amplitude of the short-time Fourier transform coefficient at the ith position at time and frequency of omega isThe target amplitude of the peak pickup is represented asWherein AMP isi(tkω) is a searchTarget amplitude of minimum value. Automated detection of AMPs using a scale-space approachi(tkω) to obtain a separation point of the sub-band division, and performing frequency sub-band division on the corresponding short-time Fourier transform coefficient;
the fourth step: selecting a single-mode point in each sub-band;
selecting time frequency points which mainly contribute to the j-th order mode from a time frequency plane, and adopting a formula:choosing is performed where Δ θ is a given threshold, Re {. cndot.) denotes the real part of the extracted data, Im {. cndot.) denotes the imaginary part of the extracted data, and the subscript ΩjRepresenting the jth time-frequency subspace, and marking the single mode point corresponding to the jth order mode as the mode point
The fifth step: estimating the vibration mode by using the short-time Fourier coefficient of the single-mode point through a clustering technology;
within each sub-frequency band, for the time-frequency coefficient at the single-mode pointClustering is carried out, N is the number of the modes participating in vibration, and the obtained clustering center is the mode of each orderThe vibration mode of (3);
and a sixth step: frequency and damping ratio identification;
calculating the modal response of the time-frequency domain through an inverse operation:whereinIs shown asThe pseudo-inverse of (a) is,and further performing short-time inverse Fourier transform on the time-frequency coefficient of the j-th order modal response to obtain a time-domain modal response, and finally estimating the damping ratio by using a logarithmic attenuation method.
And finally, determining the health state of the civil engineering structure based on the modal parameters obtained by the identification.
Finally, the principle and embodiments of the present invention are explained by using specific examples, and the above descriptions of the examples are only used to help understand the core idea of the present invention, and the present invention can be modified and modified without departing from the principle of the present invention, and the modified and modified examples also fall into the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. An underdetermined system mode identification method based on automatic frequency band segmentation is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the first step is as follows: converting the acceleration response to a time-frequency domain;
converting the response of the vibration system to a time-frequency domain by a short-time Fourier transform; the expression in the time-frequency domain isIn the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,andare respectively responsesAnd modal responseShort-time Fourier transform at time t at frequency ω;is thatThe ith element in (1);
the second step is that: determining the window length of short-time Fourier transform by using the information entropy;
coefficient of time frequencyConsidered as a probability distribution sequence, the probability of each time-frequency coefficient can be calculated as:then, the entropy of the time-frequency representation is obtained:calculating entropy values of time-frequency coefficients under different window lengths, determining the window length when the entropy takes the minimum value as an optimal window length parameter, and calculating a short-time Fourier transform coefficient of structural response under the window length;
the third step: automatically segmenting frequency sub-bands using scale space peak detection;
based on the theory that the vicinity of the peak value of the frequency response function is dominant in a certain order mode, selecting a minimum value between two peak values of a power spectrum as a dividing point of a frequency band; t is tkThe ith time with the frequency of omegaThe short-time Fourier transform coefficients of a position have an amplitude ofThe target amplitude of the peak pickup is represented asWherein AMP isi(tkω) is a searchA target amplitude of minima; automated detection of AMPs using a scale-space approachi(tkω) to obtain a separation point of the sub-band division, and performing frequency sub-band division on the corresponding short-time Fourier transform coefficient;
the fourth step: selecting a single-mode point in each sub-band;
selecting time frequency points which mainly contribute to the j-th order mode from a time frequency plane, and adopting a formula:choosing is performed where Δ θ is a given threshold, Re {. cndot.) denotes the real part of the extracted data, Im {. cndot.) denotes the imaginary part of the extracted data, and the subscript ΩjRepresenting the jth time-frequency subspace, and marking the single mode point corresponding to the jth order mode as the mode point
The fifth step: estimating the vibration mode by using the short-time Fourier coefficient of the single-mode point through a clustering technology;
within each sub-frequency band, for the time-frequency coefficient at the single-mode pointj is 1,2, …, and N is clustering, wherein N is the number of modes participating in vibration, and the obtained clustering center is the mode shape of each order of mode;
and a sixth step: frequency and damping ratio identification;
calculating the modal response of the time-frequency domain through an inverse operation:whereinIs shown asThe pseudo-inverse of (a) is,and further performing short-time inverse Fourier transform on the time-frequency coefficient of the j-th order modal response to obtain a time-domain modal response, and finally estimating the damping ratio by using a logarithmic attenuation method.
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