CN109410178A - A kind of workpiece crack detection method and system - Google Patents
A kind of workpiece crack detection method and system Download PDFInfo
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- CN109410178A CN109410178A CN201811140452.4A CN201811140452A CN109410178A CN 109410178 A CN109410178 A CN 109410178A CN 201811140452 A CN201811140452 A CN 201811140452A CN 109410178 A CN109410178 A CN 109410178A
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- echo signal
- wavelet
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- ultrasound echo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T7/00—Image analysis
- G06T7/0002—Inspection of images, e.g. flaw detection
- G06T7/0004—Industrial image inspection
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
- G06T2207/10—Image acquisition modality
- G06T2207/10132—Ultrasound image
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
- G06T2207/20—Special algorithmic details
- G06T2207/20048—Transform domain processing
- G06T2207/20064—Wavelet transform [DWT]
Abstract
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of workpiece crack detection method and system, this method comprises: obtaining the ultrasound echo signal of workpiece to be detected；Wavelet transformation is carried out to the ultrasound echo signal, obtains wavelet coefficient；Compression is synchronized to the wavelet coefficient, obtains synchronous compression coefficient；Adaptive thresholding is carried out to the synchronous compression coefficient and carries out time-frequency representation, the time-frequency figure for obtaining ultrasonic crackle echo-signal synchronous compression transformation finally extracts the crack of ultrasound echo signal in time-frequency figure, and according to the crack of the ultrasound echo signal, judge the workpiece to be detected with the presence or absence of crackle.The embodiment of the present invention improves the blooming of dimension, improves time frequency resolution, the energy of signal can be allowed more to concentrate by synchronous compression, and crackle corresponding time point is more accurate in the time domain, can accurately more judge the position of crackle.
Description
Technical field
The present embodiments relate to workpiece crack detection technique field more particularly to a kind of workpiece crack detection method and it is
System.
Background technique
The underbead crack that ultrasound examination measures the thickness of material using high-frequency, highly directional sound wave, discovery is hidden, point
Analyse the characteristic of the materials such as metal, plastics, composite material, ceramics, rubber and glass.Ultrasonic instrument uses human ear hearing
Frequency except the limit emits short pulse sound energy into detected material, and then instrument monitoring and analysis are by reflection or transmission
Acoustic signals obtain testing result.
Supersonic guide-wave method can be subdivided into contaction measurement method, non-contact detection method, and the mechanism of action is when super
When sound is incident to measured workpiece, back wave is generated, the crackle of workpiece is judged according to the time of back wave and shape.
The method for being commonly used to carry out workpiece sensing in the prior art has Short Time Fourier Transform (Shorttime
Fouriertransform, abbreviation STFT) and frequency continuous wavelet transform, Short Time Fourier Transform method, time window it is big
Small, shape is fixed, unrelated with frequency, at the time of can not obtaining accurate simultaneously and frequency continuous wavelet transform
(Continuous Wavelettransform, abbreviation CWT) can have very high frequency resolution at low frequency, and in height
At frequency, CWT can possess higher temporal resolution again, it can handle well the mutation of non-stationary signal in Field of Time and Frequency
Part.
But the result of variations of CWT and the selection of wavelet basis and threshold value are closely connected, and are difficult in actual treatment
Suitable wavelet basis and threshold value are found, and energy leakage can occur for the wavelet coefficient spectrum that CWT is obtained so that instantaneous frequency energy
Amount distribution is blurred, while time and frequency resolution can not be optimal simultaneously, so as to cause workpiece crack testing result
Precision is not high.
Summary of the invention
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of workpiece crack detection method and system, is examined with solving workpiece crack in the prior art
Survey the not high problem of result precision.
In a first aspect, the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of workpiece crack detection method, comprising:
Obtain the ultrasound echo signal of workpiece to be detected；
Continuous wavelet transform is carried out to the ultrasound echo signal, obtains wavelet coefficient；
Compression is synchronized to the wavelet coefficient, obtains synchronous compression coefficient, then carry out adaptive thresholding；
Time-frequency representation is carried out to the synchronous compression coefficient, obtains the time-frequency figure in synchronous compression domain, the ultrasound is extracted and returns
The crack of wave signal, and according to the crack of the ultrasound echo signal, judge that the workpiece to be detected whether there is
Crackle.
Second aspect, the embodiment of the present invention provide a kind of workpiece crack detection system, comprising:
Echo module, for obtaining the ultrasound echo signal of workpiece to be detected；
Small echo module obtains wavelet coefficient for carrying out continuous wavelet transform to the ultrasound echo signal；
Compression module obtains synchronous compression coefficient, then carry out adaptive for synchronizing compression to the wavelet coefficient
Threshold process；
Judgment module obtains the time-frequency figure in synchronous compression domain, mentions for carrying out time-frequency representation to the synchronous compression coefficient
The crack of the ultrasound echo signal is taken, and according to the crack of the ultrasound echo signal, is judged described to be detected
Workpiece whether there is crackle.
The third aspect, the embodiment of the present invention provide a kind of electronic equipment, comprising:
At least one processor, at least one processor, communication interface and bus；Wherein,
The processor, memory, communication interface complete mutual communication by the bus；
The communication interface is for the information transmission between the test equipment and the communication equipment of display device；
The memory is stored with the program instruction that can be executed by the processor, and the processor calls described program to refer to
A kind of workpiece crack detection method for being able to carry out and providing such as first aspect is provided.
Fourth aspect, the embodiment of the present invention provide a kind of non-transient computer readable storage medium, the non-transient calculating
Machine readable storage medium storing program for executing stores computer instruction, and the computer instruction makes the computer execute one such as first aspect offer
Kind workpiece crack detection method.
A kind of workpiece crack detection method and system provided in an embodiment of the present invention, using in signal frequency domain after wavelet transformation
The characteristic that phase is not influenced by change of scale seeks corresponding frequency under each scale, then the scale under same frequency is added, i.e.,
It redistributes the wavelet coefficient that wavelet transformation obtains and it is compressed, so that the value near identical frequency is compressed to the frequency
In rate, improve the blooming of dimension, improve time frequency resolution, by synchronous compression can allow signal energy more
It concentrates, crackle corresponding time point is more accurate in the time domain, can accurately more judge the position of crackle.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to more clearly explain the embodiment of the invention or the technical proposal in the existing technology, to embodiment or will show below
There is attached drawing needed in technical description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is this hair
Bright some embodiments for those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts, can be with root
Other attached drawings are obtained according to these attached drawings.
Fig. 1 is a kind of flow chart of workpiece crack detection method of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is a kind of structural schematic diagram of workpiece crack detection system of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 illustrates the entity structure schematic diagram of a kind of electronic equipment.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the object, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiment of the invention clearer, below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention
In attached drawing, technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiment is
A part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art
Every other embodiment obtained without creative efforts, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a kind of flow chart of workpiece crack detection method of the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figure 1, this method comprises:
S1 obtains the ultrasound echo signal of workpiece to be detected；
S2 carries out continuous wavelet transform to the ultrasound echo signal, obtains wavelet coefficient；
S3 first carries out synchronous compression to the wavelet coefficient, then carries out adaptive thresholding
S4 carries out time-frequency representation to the synchronous compression coefficient, obtains the time-frequency figure in synchronous compression domain, extract the ultrasound
The crack of echo-signal, and according to the crack of the ultrasound echo signal, judge whether the workpiece to be detected is deposited
In crackle
Ultrasonic wave is applied to workpiece to be detected first, the ultrasonic echo that workpiece to be detected reflects ultrasonic wave is obtained and believes
Number, which is in the time domain, by continuous wavelet transform, ultrasound echo signal to be transformed to time-frequency domain, is obtained
Wavelet coefficient.
It is exactly by the signal by a certain small echo letter it should be noted that carrying out continuous wavelet transform to a Setting signal
Signal, i.e., is expressed as a series of linear combination of the wavelet function of different scales and different time shifts, wherein each by number cluster expansion
The coefficient of item is known as wavelet coefficient, and the linear combination of the wavelet function of all difference time shifts is known as signal at this under same scale
Wavelet Component under scale.
Then compression being synchronized to wavelet coefficient, synchronous compression can allow the energy of signal more to be concentrated, so that
The energy of workpiece for measurement cracks is more sharp, prominent, it is easier to judge in workpiece for measurement with the presence or absence of crackle.
Then adaptive thresholding is carried out to synchronous compression coefficient, time-frequency representation is carried out to the synchronous compression coefficient,
The time-frequency figure for obtaining synchronous compression domain, extracts the crack of the ultrasound echo signal, and according to the ultrasound echo signal
Crack, judge the workpiece to be detected with the presence or absence of crackle.
A kind of workpiece crack detection method provided in an embodiment of the present invention, not using phase in signal frequency domain after wavelet transformation
The characteristic influenced by change of scale seeks corresponding frequency under each scale, then the scale under same frequency is added, i.e., divides again
The wavelet coefficient that obtains with wavelet transformation simultaneously compresses it, so that the value near identical frequency is compressed in the frequency,
The blooming for improving dimension, improves time frequency resolution, the energy of signal can be allowed more to concentrate by synchronous compression,
Crackle corresponding time point is more accurate in the time domain, can accurately more judge the position of crackle.
Specifically, the principle of wavelet transformation is as follows:
Continuous wavelet transform is carried out to ultrasound echo signal x (t), specifically:
Wherein, Wx(a,b；ψ)Indicate that the wavelet conversion coefficient, x (t) indicate the ultrasound echo signal, ψa,bIt (t) is by base
For this wavelet function ψ (t) by translation and flexible generation, a indicates that contraction-expansion factor, b indicate shift factor.In wavelet transform procedure
It is optimal that contraction-expansion factor, which selects 32 or 64,.
Engineering Signal collected generally comprises various noises or some other factor in practice, when wavelet transformation obtains
Wavelet coefficient | Wx(a,b；ψ)| when ≈ 0, calculates it and meets relatively unstable, be normally set up preset threshold γ for the partial filtration,
Even | Wx(a,b；ψ)| >=γ can adaptively estimate optimal threshold:In formula, n is signal sampling points, σn 2
For noise variance.
The wavelet coefficient W obtained using wavelet transformationx(a,b；ψ)(|Wx(a,b；ψ) | > γ) seek instantaneous frequency ωx(a,b),
Definition:
Calculated by above formula, can by when m- scale plane (b a) is transformed into T/F plane (b, ωx(a,b))。
It at this time can be by optional frequency ωlSurrounding sectionValue be compressed to ωlOn, it can be obtained
The value T of synchronous compressionx(ωl, b), to achieve the purpose that improve time frequency resolution.
Therefore, synchronous compression transformation can indicate are as follows:
Δak=ak-ak-1,
Δ ω=ωl-ωl-1,
Wherein, Tx(ωl, b) and indicate the synchronous compression coefficient, akFor discrete scale, ωx(a, b) indicates instantaneous frequency
Rate, k indicate scale number, ωlIndicate the frequency of first of sampled point.
Synchronous compression small echo is reversible, and inverse transformation may be expressed as:
Wherein,For finite value, ψ*(ξ) is that wavelet function is conjugated Fourier transformation, can be lossless by above formula
Reconstruction signal.
In Adaptive Wavelet Thrinkage the selection of threshold value determine Adaptive Wavelet Thrinkage as a result, wavelet adaptive threshold is gone
The method of making an uproar has been developed in recent years a kind of new theory, can have orthogonality, symmetry, high-order vanishing moment, short support simultaneously
The multifrequency natures adaptive thresholds such as property are determined according to the noise level difference utilisable energy ratio of wavelet coefficient.
The energy spectrum of wavelet coefficient may be defined as:
Wherein, E(j)For wavelet coefficient jth layer gross energy,For wavelet coefficient the i-th scale of jth layer energy,
di(n) wavelet coefficient of jth layer after decomposing for r multi-scale wavelet, r are the scale parameter of wavelet coefficient.
The energy ratio of wavelet coefficient is defined asDifferent, each layer of wavelet systems according to the noise level of wavelet coefficient
Several threshold values can be adaptive by following formula acquisition.
Wherein, M indicates the median value in wavelet coefficient, and n is signal length.
A kind of workpiece crack detection method provided in an embodiment of the present invention, is compressed to the frequency for the value near identical frequency
In, the blooming of dimension is improved, time frequency resolution is improved, the energy of signal can be allowed more to collect by synchronous compression
In, crackle corresponding time point is more accurate in the time domain, can accurately more judge the position of crackle.
Fig. 2 is a kind of structural schematic diagram of workpiece crack detection system of the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Fig. 2, the system packet
It includes: echo module 201, small echo module 202, compression module 203 and judgment module 204, in which:
Echo module 201 is used to obtain the ultrasound echo signal of workpiece to be detected；
Small echo module 202 is used to carry out wavelet transformation to the ultrasound echo signal, obtains wavelet coefficient；
Compression module 203 is used to carry out the wavelet coefficient first synchronous compression, then carries out adaptive thresholding；
Judgment module 204 is used to carry out time-frequency representation to the synchronous compression coefficient, obtains the time-frequency figure in synchronous compression domain,
The crack of the ultrasound echo signal is extracted, and according to the crack of the ultrasound echo signal, is judged described to be checked
Surveying workpiece whether there is crackle.
First when carrying out surface crack testing to workpiece to be detected, need to apply ultrasonic signal to workpiece to be detected, so
Back echo module 201 obtains the ultrasound echo signal that the workpiece to be detected returns, small echo module 202 to the ultrasound echo signal into
Row continuous wavelet transform obtains wavelet coefficient, the characteristic not influenced by change of scale using phase in signal frequency domain after wavelet transformation
Corresponding frequency under each scale is sought, then the scale under same frequency is added, compression module 203 carries out wavelet coefficient first same
Step compresses adaptive thresholding again, and the energy of signal is allowed more to concentrate, and crackle corresponding time point is more accurate in the time domain,
Judgment module 204 carries out time-frequency representation to the synchronous compression coefficient, obtains the time-frequency figure in synchronous compression domain, extracts the ultrasound
The crack of echo-signal, and according to the crack of the ultrasound echo signal, with according to the crack to be detected
Workpiece is judged with the presence or absence of crackle.
A kind of workpiece crack detection system provided in an embodiment of the present invention, not using phase in signal frequency domain after wavelet transformation
The characteristic influenced by change of scale seeks corresponding frequency under each scale, then the scale under same frequency is added, i.e., divides again
The wavelet coefficient that obtains with wavelet transformation is simultaneously first compressed adaptive thresholding again to it, thus by near identical frequency
Value is compressed in the frequency, is improved the blooming of dimension, is improved time frequency resolution, can allow letter by synchronous compression
Number energy more concentrate, crackle corresponding time point is more accurate in the time domain, can accurately more judge the position of crackle.
Fig. 3 illustrates the entity structure schematic diagram of a kind of electronic equipment, as shown in figure 3, the server may include: processing
Device (processor) 310, communication interface (Communications Interface) 320, memory (memory) 330 and total
Line 340, wherein processor 310, communication interface 320, memory 330 complete mutual communication by bus 340.Communication connects
Mouth 340 can be used for the transmission of the information between server and smart television.Processor 310 can call patrolling in memory 330
Instruction is collected, to execute following method:
Obtain the ultrasound echo signal of workpiece to be detected；
Wavelet transformation is carried out to the ultrasound echo signal, obtains wavelet coefficient；
First synchronous compression is carried out to the wavelet coefficient, then carries out adaptive thresholding；
Time-frequency representation is carried out to the synchronous compression coefficient, obtains the time-frequency figure in synchronous compression domain, the ultrasound is extracted and returns
The crack of wave signal, and according to the crack of the ultrasound echo signal, judge that the workpiece to be detected whether there is
Crackle.
In addition, the logical order in above-mentioned memory 330 can be realized by way of SFU software functional unit and conduct
Independent product when selling or using, can store in a computer readable storage medium.Based on this understanding, originally
Substantially the part of the part that contributes to existing technology or the technical solution can be in other words for the technical solution of invention
The form of software product embodies, which is stored in a storage medium, including some instructions to
So that a computer equipment (can be personal computer, server or the network equipment etc.) executes each implementation of the present invention
The all or part of the steps of example the method.And storage medium above-mentioned include: USB flash disk, mobile hard disk, read-only memory (ROM,
Read-Only Memory), random access memory (RAM, Random Access Memory), magnetic or disk etc. it is various
It can store the medium of program code.
The present embodiment provides a kind of non-transient computer readable storage medium, the non-transient computer readable storage medium
Computer instruction is stored, the computer instruction makes the computer execute method provided by above-mentioned each method embodiment, example
Such as include:
Obtain the ultrasound echo signal of workpiece to be detected；
Continuous wavelet transform is carried out to the ultrasound echo signal, obtains wavelet coefficient；
First synchronous compression is carried out to the wavelet coefficient, then carries out adaptive thresholding；
Time-frequency representation is carried out to the synchronous compression coefficient, obtains the time-frequency figure in synchronous compression domain, the ultrasound is extracted and returns
The crack of wave signal, and according to the crack of the ultrasound echo signal, judge that the workpiece to be detected whether there is
Crackle.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that: realize that all or part of the steps of above method embodiment can pass through
The relevant hardware of program instruction is completed, and program above-mentioned can be stored in a computer readable storage medium, the program
When being executed, step including the steps of the foregoing method embodiments is executed；And storage medium above-mentioned includes: ROM, RAM, magnetic disk or light
The various media that can store program code such as disk.
The apparatus embodiments described above are merely exemplary, wherein described, unit can as illustrated by the separation member
It is physically separated with being or may not be, component shown as a unit may or may not be physics list
Member, it can it is in one place, or may be distributed over multiple network units.It can be selected according to the actual needs
In some or all of the modules achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.Those of ordinary skill in the art are not paying creativeness
Labour in the case where, it can understand and implement.
Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can be understood that each embodiment can
It realizes by means of software and necessary general hardware platform, naturally it is also possible to pass through hardware.Based on this understanding, on
Stating technical solution, substantially the part that contributes to existing technology can be embodied in the form of software products in other words, should
Computer software product may be stored in a computer readable storage medium, such as ROM/RAM, magnetic disk, CD, including several fingers
It enables and using so that a computer equipment (can be personal computer, server or the network equipment etc.) executes each implementation
Method described in certain parts of example or embodiment.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than its limitations；Although
Present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that: it still may be used
To modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or equivalent replacement of some of the technical features；
And these are modified or replaceed, technical solution of various embodiments of the present invention that it does not separate the essence of the corresponding technical solution spirit and
Range.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of workpiece crack detection method characterized by comprising
Obtain the ultrasound echo signal of workpiece to be detected；
Continuous wavelet transform is carried out to the ultrasound echo signal, obtains wavelet coefficient；
Compression is synchronized to the wavelet coefficient, obtains synchronous compression coefficient；
Adaptive thresholding is carried out to the synchronous compression coefficient, and carries out time-frequency representation, extracts the ultrasound echo signal
Crack judge the workpiece to be detected with the presence or absence of crackle and according to the crack of the ultrasound echo signal.
2. method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that it is described that compression is synchronized to the wavelet coefficient, it obtains same
The compressed coefficient is walked, before further include:
Remove the part for being less than preset threshold in the wavelet coefficient.
3. method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that it is described that wavelet transformation is carried out to the ultrasound echo signal, it obtains
Wavelet conversion coefficient is taken, is specifically included:
Wherein, Wx(a,b；ψ)Indicate that the wavelet conversion coefficient, x (t) indicate the ultrasound echo signal, ψa,bIt (t) is by substantially small
For wave function ψ (t) by translation and flexible generation, a indicates that contraction-expansion factor, b indicate shift factor.
4. method according to claim 3, which is characterized in that it is described that compression is synchronized to the wavelet coefficient, it obtains same
The compressed coefficient is walked, is specifically included:
Δak=ak-ak-1,
Δ ω=ωl-ωl-1,
Wherein, Tx(ωl, b) and indicate the synchronous compression coefficient, akFor discrete scale, ωx(a, b) indicates instantaneous frequency, k table
Show scale number, ωlIndicate the frequency of first of sampled point.
5. method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the preset threshold are as follows:
Wherein, γ indicates the preset threshold, and n indicates sampling number, σnIndicate noise.
6. a kind of workpiece crack detection system characterized by comprising
Echo module, for obtaining the ultrasound echo signal of workpiece to be detected；
Small echo module obtains wavelet coefficient for carrying out continuous wavelet transform to the ultrasound echo signal；
Compression module, for first carrying out synchronous compression, then adaptive thresholding acquisition synchronous compression system to the wavelet coefficient
Number；
Judgment module, for carrying out time-frequency representation to the synchronous compression coefficient after threshold process, the time-frequency figure in synchronous compression domain
In, extract the crack of the ultrasound echo signal, and according to the crack of the ultrasound echo signal, judgement it is described to
Detecting workpiece whether there is crackle.
7. a kind of electronic equipment characterized by comprising
At least one processor, at least one processor, communication interface and bus；Wherein,
The processor, memory, communication interface complete mutual communication by the bus；
The communication interface is for the information transmission between the test equipment and the communication equipment of display device；
The memory is stored with the program instruction that can be executed by the processor, and the processor calls described program to instruct energy
Enough methods executed as described in any one of claims 1 to 5.
8. a kind of non-transient computer readable storage medium, which is characterized in that the non-transient computer readable storage medium is deposited
Computer instruction is stored up, the computer instruction makes the computer execute method as claimed in claim 1 to 5.
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| CN115797914A (en) * | 2023-02-02 | 2023-03-14 | 武汉科技大学 | Metallurgical crane trolley track surface defect detection system |
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