CN111650556B - Broadband radiation source parameter estimation method - Google Patents
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- CN111650556B CN111650556B CN202010541528.5A CN202010541528A CN111650556B CN 111650556 B CN111650556 B CN 111650556B CN 202010541528 A CN202010541528 A CN 202010541528A CN 111650556 B CN111650556 B CN 111650556B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
- G01S5/02—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
Abstract
The invention provides a single near-field broadband radiation source parameter estimation method based on a uniform circular array. The technical proposal is as follows: firstly, dividing a received broadband signal into a plurality of sub-narrow bands in a frequency domain, and calculating a correlation matrix after denoising of each sub-narrow band; constructing a focus conversion matrix of each sub-narrow band; selecting a center frequency point of a broadband signal as a reference frequency point, and solving an average correlation matrix of projection of each sub-narrowband correlation matrix at the reference frequency point by utilizing a focusing transformation matrix; and finally, calculating the phase difference of the received data between adjacent array elements by using an average correlation matrix, and carrying out inversion estimation by using a least square algorithm to obtain the azimuth angle, the pitch angle and the distance of the near-field broadband radiation source. The method does not need priori information of the radiation source position parameters, and keeps lower calculation complexity while realizing high-precision parameter estimation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of array signal processing, and particularly relates to a method for estimating position parameters of a broadband radiation source by using a uniform circular array, which can be used for accurately positioning a single broadband radiation source.
Background
In the fields of radar, communication, sonar and other electronic reconnaissance, the application of the technology has important practical significance by utilizing the array to receive signals sent by the radiation sources and estimating the position parameters of the radiation sources. Therefore, the radiation source parameter estimation algorithm is widely focused and researched by students at home and abroad. Currently, parameter estimation algorithms for narrowband radiation sources have been developed relatively well-established. The broadband radiation source has the advantages of strong anti-interference capability, high resolution, large information carrying capacity of the target, weak correlation with background noise and the like, and is more beneficial to military and civil requirements such as target detection, feature extraction and the like. Based on the method, the efficient and practical broadband radiation source parameter estimation algorithm is researched, and the method has a higher value application prospect.
The uniform circular array has the advantages of full azimuth coverage, almost unchanged directional diagram, additional pitch angle information and the like, and causes extensive researches of domestic and foreign scholars. The improved MUSIC (Multiple Single Classification Method) algorithm has been proposed by H.Lee et al in Algebrayc path-following algorithm for localizing-D near-field sources in uniform circular array (Electronics letters 2003,37 (17): pp. 1283-1285) to implement the estimation of parameters of angle of arrival and distance of a narrowband near-field radiation source, which, although simplifying the spectral peak search, still suffers from high computational complexity. Tae-Jin Jung et al in paper Closed-Form Algorithm for 3-D Single-Source Localization With Uniform Circular Array (IEEE Antennas And Wireless Propagation letters.2014,13: pp.1096-1099) propose a near-field radiation source three-dimensional parameter estimation method with Closed solution based on least square algorithm according to the mathematical relationship corresponding to the phase difference of the received data of different array elements and the near-field radiation source position parameters, and the algorithm greatly reduces the calculation complexity on the premise of ensuring better estimation accuracy and has stronger practicability.
Both representative methods are only aimed at the signals of the narrow-band near-field radiation source, and cannot be directly expanded and applied to the positioning of the near-field broadband radiation source. Typical wideband radiation source parameter estimation algorithms are based primarily on the frequency band division of the radiation source, typically incoherent signal subspace methods and coherent signal subspace methods. In the paper "space-temporal spectral analysis by eigenstructure methods" (IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, spech, and Signal processing.1984,32 (4): pp.817-827), the wideband radiation source is divided into a plurality of narrowband signals in the frequency domain, the parameter estimation under each frequency point is obtained by using a narrowband Signal parameter estimation method, and finally the final radiation source parameter estimation is obtained by using an averaging method, so that the algorithm needs to traverse and solve the data of each frequency point, and the calculation complexity is high. In the paper "Coherent Signal-subspace processing for the detection and estimation of angles of arrival of multiple wide-band sources" (IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, spech, and Signal processing 1985,33 (4): pp.823-831) by Wang et al, the broadband radiation source is divided into a plurality of sub-narrow bands in the frequency domain, a focusing matrix is constructed, sub-narrow band signals are projected onto a preselected reference frequency point, finally the position parameters of the radiation source are obtained by using a narrow band radiation source parameter estimation method, and the algorithm can process parameter estimation of a plurality of Coherent signals, but requires prior information of the position parameters of the radiation source. Recently, X.Chen et al in Fast FRFT-based Algorithm for 3-D LFM Source Localization with Uniform Circular Array (IEEE Access.2018, 6:pp.2130-2135) uses the energy focusing property of LFM (Linear Frequency Modulation ) signals in fractional Fourier domain to extract the phase of peak output, and combines a phase difference parameter estimation algorithm under narrow band to obtain the parameter estimation of a near-field broadband radiation source, wherein the algorithm parameter estimation precision is higher, but the peak search of fractional Fourier domain is required, and the calculation complexity is higher. For large bandwidth LFM signals, x.chen et al also propose in "Fast algorithm for 3D wideband LFM source localisation based on time delay under a uniform circular array" (IET Radar, sonar & navigation.2019,13 (12): pp.2212-2219) a near field broadband radiation source positioning algorithm based on time delay combined with phase difference parameter estimation, the algorithm has higher precision of parameter estimation on ultra wideband LFM signals, and has a larger radiation source frequency range without fuzzy estimation, but has larger parameter estimation error even fails for small bandwidth LFM signals.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a single near-field broadband radiation source parameter estimation method based on a uniform circular array, which solves the problems of high calculation complexity, need of priori information when estimating the radiation source position parameter and the like in the existing method, and has higher estimation precision.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a broadband radiation source parameter estimation method, which estimates a single near field broadband radiation source parameter by using a uniform circular array, comprising the following steps: firstly, dividing a received broadband signal into a plurality of sub-narrow bands in a frequency domain, calculating a correlation matrix after denoising of each sub-narrow band, and extracting a characteristic vector of the correlation matrix; selecting a center frequency point of a broadband signal as a reference frequency point, constructing a focus conversion matrix of each sub-narrowband by using a characteristic vector of a correlation matrix of a sub-narrowband where the reference frequency point is located and a characteristic vector of each sub-narrowband correlation matrix, and calculating an average correlation matrix of projection of each sub-narrowband correlation matrix at the reference frequency point by using the focus conversion matrix; and finally, calculating the phase difference of the received data between adjacent array elements by using an average correlation matrix, and carrying out inversion estimation by using a least square algorithm to obtain the azimuth angle, the pitch angle and the distance of the near-field broadband radiation source.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention carries out parameter estimation aiming at a single near-field broadband radiation source, does not need priori information of the position parameters of the radiation source, has simple structure and is easy to realize in engineering.
2. According to the invention, the phase difference of the received data of the adjacent array elements is calculated by utilizing the obtained average correlation matrix under the reference frequency point, the form of matrix product is constructed, the closed solution of the near-field broadband radiation source three-dimensional parameter estimation is obtained by combining the least square estimation algorithm, the algorithm does not need spectral peak searching and constructing high-order accumulation, and the calculation amount of the near-field broadband radiation source parameter estimation is greatly reduced.
3. Experimental results show that compared with the existing near-field broadband radiation source positioning algorithm, the method provided by the invention has the advantages that high-precision parameter estimation is realized, and meanwhile, lower calculation complexity is reserved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an implementation of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a graph comparing RMSEs of the present invention with SNR as a function of signal-to-noise ratio based on fractional fourier transform and three-dimensional parameter estimation based on two algorithms of delay estimation.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
geometric configuration of uniform circular arrays used in the present inventionThe method comprises the following steps: the uniform circular array consists of M array elements, wherein the M array elements are uniformly distributed on the circular array, and R is the radius of the uniform circular array. Knowing λ is the wavelength of the near-field broadband radiation source, the center frequency point of the emitted broadband signal of the near-field broadband radiation source can be deducedc represents the speed of light.
Let phi, theta, r denote the azimuth angle, pitch angle and distance of the near field broadband radiation source being measured, respectively.
Referring to fig. 1, the specific implementation steps of the present invention are as follows:
and step 1, dividing the data received by each array element into a plurality of sub-narrow bands in a frequency domain.
The data received by M array elements, namely the broadband signal, is divided into K sub-narrowband in the frequency domain, the size of K is determined according to the signal bandwidth of the near-field broadband radiation source, and the larger the signal bandwidth is, the larger the value of K is.
Step 2, calculating the correlation matrix after each sub-narrowband denoising and extracting the characteristic vector thereof
Let the frequency domain received data of the kth sub-narrowband be denoted as x k Where k=1, 2, …, K. Calculating the correlation matrix R of the kth sub-narrow band k ：
In the above formula, the symbol "H" represents a conjugate transpose operation;
for correlation matrix R k Performing eigenvalue decomposition, and calculating estimated value of the kth sub-narrowband noise power by using M-1 eigenvalues with smaller values
Wherein the method comprises the steps of，λ i (R k ) Representing a correlation matrix R k When the characteristic values of the (b) are arranged in the order from big to small, the corresponding ith characteristic value;
calculating a noise-free correlation matrix P under the kth sub-narrow band by using k ：
In the above, I M Representing the identity matrix of order M.
Extracting noiseless correlation matrix P k Feature vector Q of (2) k 。
Step 3, calculating the focus transformation matrix of each sub-narrow band
Selecting a center frequency point f of a wideband signal 0 As a reference frequency point, according to a focusing conversion error minimization criterion, a focusing conversion matrix U under the kth sub-narrow band is obtained k The method comprises the following steps:
wherein Q is 0 Feature vector, Q of correlation matrix representing sub-narrowband where reference frequency point is located k Corresponding to the feature vector under the kth sub-narrow band;
step 4, calculating an average correlation matrix at the reference frequency point
Calculating average correlation matrix at reference frequency point by averaging
Step 5, calculating the phase difference of the received data of the adjacent array elements by using the average correlation matrix at the reference frequency point
Using average correlation matrix at reference frequency pointsP+1 column number +.>Calculating the phase difference u of the output data of the p-th array element and the p+1-th array element (p,p+1) ：
In the above formula, p=1,..m-1, the symbol "arg ()" represents a argument operation;
thus, a phase difference vector u:
u＝[u (1,2) u (2,3) ...，u (p,p+1) ，...，u (M-1,M) ] T
step 6, obtaining a closed solution of three-dimensional parameter estimation of the near-field broadband radiation source by adopting a least square method
Calculating a vector b containing near-field broadband radiation source position parameters by adopting a least square method:
in the above formula, the symbol "T" represents a conjugate transpose operation, the symbol "-1" represents an inversion operation,
calculating a closed-form solution for three-dimensional parameter estimation of a near-field broadband radiation source using:
φ＝arg(b 1 +jb 2 )
in the above equation, j represents an imaginary symbol, and the symbol "arcsin ()" represents an arcsine function.
Therefore, the method estimates and obtains the azimuth angle phi, the pitch angle theta and the distance r of the near-field broadband radiation source, and realizes three-dimensional positioning of a single near-field broadband radiation source.
The effects of the present invention are further illustrated by the following experiments.
1. Experimental environment
The array parameters used for the simulation of the present invention are assumed to be: the number M=8 of the uniform circular array elements, and the radius R=0.5M; the parameters of the near field broadband radiation source are assumed to be the center frequency f of the near field broadband radiation source 0 =1 GHz, bandwidth b=100 MHz, azimuth angle Φ=120.8°, pitch angle θ=20.6°, distance r=5λ.
2. Experimental details and results
Experiment one: under the condition that the signal-to-noise ratio is fixed to be 10dB, a Monte Carlo simulation experiment of 20 times of noise randomization obtains that the average value of near-field broadband radiation source azimuth angle estimation isThe average value of the pitch angle estimation is +.>The average value of the distance estimation is +.>Wherein the maximum error of azimuth estimation is 0.08 degrees, the maximum error of pitch angle estimation is 0.04 degrees, and the maximum error of distance estimation is 0.28λ.
From the results of the Monte Carlo simulation experiments, it follows: the algorithm provided by the invention can realize effective estimation of the parameters of a single near-field broadband radiation source.
Experiment II: in the experiment, a near-field broadband radiation source parameter estimation algorithm based on fractional Fourier transform and time delay is adopted to carry out performance comparison with the method. The array element parameters and the near-field broadband radiation source parameters are the same as those in experiment one, the signal-to-noise ratio is changed from 0dB to 20dB, under the condition that the set signal-to-noise ratio is obtained through a Monte Carlo simulation experiment of random noise at intervals of 5dB and 300 times, RMSEs (Root-Mean-Square-error) of three-dimensional parameter estimation of the near-field broadband radiation source is calculated, and the average time of a single experiment is compared.
In fig. 2, the abscissa represents the signal-to-noise ratio, the ordinate represents the RMSEs of parameter estimation, the line with diamond represents the RMSEs calculated by the algorithm based on time delay, the line with square represents the RMSEs calculated by the method based on fractional fourier transform, the line with circle is the RMSEs calculated by the algorithm proposed by the present invention, the larger the RMSEs value, the worse the estimation accuracy. The result of the graph shows that the estimation error of the algorithm based on the time delay is larger, the positioning failure of the near-field broadband radiation source position parameter set by the experimental condition is caused, the RMSEs value of the parameter estimation method and the parameter estimation method based on the fractional Fourier transform is smaller, the precision is higher, and the accurate positioning of the near-field broadband radiation source under the experimental assumption parameter can be realized. In addition, the experiments also compared the average time of a single execution of the three methods. Under the Intel i5 processor with the main frequency of 2.8GHz, the single running time of the algorithm based on the fractional Fourier transform algorithm and the algorithm based on the time delay is respectively 2.6e-3s, 3.6e-1s and 1.2e-3s. In conclusion, the algorithm provided by the invention can accurately estimate the three-dimensional parameters of a single near-field broadband radiation source, and meanwhile, the algorithm has lower calculation complexity.
Claims (1)
1. A broadband radiation source parameter estimation method, which estimates a single near field broadband radiation source parameter by using a uniform circular array, comprising the following steps: firstly, dividing a received broadband signal into a plurality of sub-narrow bands in a frequency domain, calculating a correlation matrix after denoising of each sub-narrow band, and extracting a characteristic vector of the correlation matrix; selecting a center frequency point of a broadband signal as a reference frequency point, constructing a focus conversion matrix of each sub-narrowband by using a characteristic vector of a correlation matrix of a sub-narrowband where the reference frequency point is located and a characteristic vector of each sub-narrowband correlation matrix, and calculating an average correlation matrix of projection of each sub-narrowband correlation matrix at the reference frequency point by using the focus conversion matrix; and finally, calculating the phase difference of the received data between adjacent array elements by using an average correlation matrix, and carrying out inversion estimation by using a least square algorithm to obtain the azimuth angle, the pitch angle and the distance of the near-field broadband radiation source.
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