CN111650556A - Broadband radiation source parameter estimation method - Google Patents

Broadband radiation source parameter estimation method Download PDF

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CN111650556A
CN111650556A CN202010541528.5A CN202010541528A CN111650556A CN 111650556 A CN111650556 A CN 111650556A CN 202010541528 A CN202010541528 A CN 202010541528A CN 111650556 A CN111650556 A CN 111650556A
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radiation source
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matrix
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broadband radiation
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CN111650556B (en
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陈鑫
刘振
彭勃
刘天鹏
苏晓龙
刘永祥
黎湘
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National University of Defense Technology
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S5/00Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
    • G01S5/02Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02DCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

Abstract

The invention provides a single near-field broadband radiation source parameter estimation method based on a uniform circular array. The technical scheme is as follows: firstly, dividing a received broadband signal into a plurality of sub-narrow bands in a frequency domain, and calculating a correlation matrix of each sub-narrow band after denoising; constructing a focusing conversion matrix of each sub narrow band; selecting a central frequency point of a broadband signal as a reference frequency point, and solving an average correlation matrix of the projection of each sub-narrowband correlation matrix at the reference frequency point by using a focusing conversion matrix; and finally, calculating the phase difference of the received data between adjacent array elements by using the average correlation matrix, and performing inversion estimation by using a least square algorithm to obtain the azimuth angle, the pitch angle and the distance of the near-field broadband radiation source. The invention does not need prior information of the radiation source position parameters, realizes high-precision parameter estimation and simultaneously reserves lower calculation complexity.

Description

Broadband radiation source parameter estimation method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of array signal processing, and particularly relates to a method for estimating position parameters of a broadband radiation source by using a uniform circular array, which can be used for accurately positioning a single broadband radiation source.
Background
In the fields of electronic reconnaissance such as radars, communication and sonars, the array is used for receiving signals emitted by the radiation source and estimating the position parameters of the radiation source, and the application of the technology has important practical significance. Therefore, the radiation source parameter estimation algorithm is widely concerned and researched by scholars at home and abroad. Currently, parameter estimation algorithms for narrow band radiation sources have been developed relatively mature. The broadband radiation source has the advantages of strong anti-interference capability, high resolution, large amount of carried target information, weak correlation with background noise and the like, and is more favorable for military and civil requirements of target detection, feature extraction and the like. Based on the method, the efficient and practical broadband radiation source parameter estimation algorithm has a higher value application prospect.
The even circular array has the advantages of omni-directional angular coverage, almost invariable directional diagram, extra pitch angle information and the like, and has led extensive research of domestic and foreign scholars. The improved MUSIC (multiple Single Classification method) algorithm is proposed in a paper of Algewoven path-following algorithm for localization 3-D near-field sources in the technical area of interference (electronics letters.2003,37(17): pp.1283-1285) by adopting a path searching method, so that the parameter estimation of the arrival angle and the distance of the narrow-band near-field radiation source is realized, and although the peak searching is simplified, the problem of high computational complexity still exists. Tae-JinJung et al propose a method for estimating three-dimensional parameters of a near-field radiation Source with a Closed solution based on a least square Algorithm according to a mathematical relationship between phase differences of data received by different Array elements And the position parameters of the near-field radiation Source in a paper "Closed-Form Algorithm for 3-D Single-Source Localization within the technical Array" (IEEE Antennas And Wireless performance characteristics 2014,13: pp.1096-1099).
Both the two representative methods only aim at narrow-band near-field radiation source signals, and cannot be directly applied to positioning of a near-field broadband radiation source in an expanded mode. Typical broadband radiation source parameter estimation algorithms are mainly based on frequency band division of the radiation source, and typically represent an incoherent signal subspace method and a coherent signal subspace method. In the article "spatial-temporal spectral analysis by eigenstructure methods" (IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, spech, and signal processing, 1984,32 (pp.817-827)), wax et al divides a broadband radiation source into a plurality of narrowband signals in the frequency domain, obtains parameter estimation under each frequency point by using a narrowband signal parameter estimation method, and finally obtains final radiation source parameter estimation by using an averaging method, the algorithm needs to traverse and solve data of each frequency point, and the calculation complexity is large. Wang et al in the paper "Coherent Signal-subspace processing for the detection and estimation of angles of multiple wide-band sources" (IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal processing.1985,33(4): pp.823-831) also divides the broadband radiation source into several sub-narrow bands in the frequency domain, constructs a focusing matrix, projects the sub-narrow band signals onto a preselected reference frequency point, and finally obtains the position parameters of the radiation source by using a narrow-band radiation source parameter estimation method. Recently, in the article Fast FRFT-based Algorithm for 3-D LFM Source Localization with Uniform Circular Array (IEEE access.2018,6: pp.2130-2135), by x.chen et al, the phase of the peak output is extracted by using the energy focusing property of LFM (Linear Frequency Modulation) signals in the fractional fourier domain, and the parameter estimation of the near field broadband radiation Source is obtained by combining with the narrow-band lower phase difference parameter estimation Algorithm. For LFM signals with large bandwidth, x.chen et al also propose a wideband radiation source positioning algorithm based on near-field delay and phase difference parameter estimation in Fast algorithm for 3D wireless band and LFM source localization on time delay under a unified wideband array (IET Radar, Sonar & navigation.2019,13(12): pp.2212-2219), the algorithm has higher precision of parameter estimation on the ultra-wideband LFM signals, and the frequency range of the radiation source without ambiguity estimation is larger, but the error of parameter estimation on LFM signals with small bandwidth is larger, even fails.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a single near-field broadband radiation source parameter estimation method based on a uniform circular array, which solves the problems that the existing method is high in calculation complexity, needs prior information when radiation source position parameter estimation is carried out and the like, and meanwhile, the estimation precision of the method is higher.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a broadband radiation source parameter estimation method utilizes a uniform circular array to estimate parameters of a single near-field broadband radiation source, and is characterized by comprising the following steps: firstly, dividing a received broadband signal into a plurality of sub-narrow bands in a frequency domain, calculating a correlation matrix of each sub-narrow band after denoising, and extracting a characteristic vector of the correlation matrix; selecting a central frequency point of a broadband signal as a reference frequency point, constructing a focusing conversion matrix of each sub-narrowband by using a characteristic vector of a related matrix of the sub-narrowband where the reference frequency point is located and a characteristic vector of each sub-narrowband related matrix, and solving an average related matrix of each sub-narrowband related matrix projected on the reference frequency point by using the focusing conversion matrix; and finally, calculating the phase difference of the received data between adjacent array elements by using the average correlation matrix, and performing inversion estimation by using a least square algorithm to obtain the azimuth angle, the pitch angle and the distance of the near-field broadband radiation source.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the method carries out parameter estimation aiming at a single near-field broadband radiation source, does not need prior information of radiation source position parameters, and has simple structure and easy realization in engineering.
2. According to the method, the phase difference of the data received by the adjacent array elements is calculated by using the obtained average correlation matrix under the reference frequency point and constructed into a matrix product form, a closed solution of the near-field broadband radiation source three-dimensional parameter estimation is obtained by combining a least square estimation algorithm, the algorithm does not need to search a spectrum peak and construct high-order cumulant, and the calculated amount of the near-field broadband radiation source parameter estimation is greatly reduced.
3. The experimental result shows that compared with the existing near-field broadband radiation source positioning algorithm, the near-field broadband radiation source positioning method has the advantages that high-precision parameter estimation is realized, and meanwhile, lower calculation complexity is reserved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an implementation of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a graph comparing the RMSEs with the SNR variation curve based on fractional fourier transform and three-dimensional parameter estimation based on delay estimation.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
the geometric configuration of the uniform circular array used in the present invention is: the uniform circular array is composed of M array elements, wherein the M array elements are uniformly distributed on the circular array, and R is the radius of the uniform circular array. Knowing λ is the wavelength of the near field broadband radiation source, the center frequency point of the broadband signal emitted by the near field broadband radiation source can be inferred
Figure BDA0002539022100000031
And c represents the speed of light.
Let phi, theta, r denote the azimuth angle, the pitch angle and the distance of the measured near-field broadband radiation source, respectively.
Referring to fig. 1, the specific implementation steps of the present invention are as follows:
step 1, dividing each array element receiving data into a plurality of sub narrow bands in a frequency domain.
Data received by the M array elements, namely broadband signals, are averagely divided into K sub-narrow bands in a frequency domain, the size of K is determined according to the signal bandwidth of a near-field broadband radiation source, and the larger the signal bandwidth is, the larger the value of K is.
Step 2, calculating the denoised correlation matrix of each sub-narrow band and extracting the characteristic vector thereof
Let the frequency domain received data of the kth sub-narrow band be denoted as xkWherein K is 1,2, …, K. Calculating the correlation matrix R of the kth sub-narrow bandk
Figure BDA0002539022100000032
In the above formula, the symbol "H" represents a conjugate transpose operation;
for correlation matrix RkCarrying out eigenvalue decomposition, and calculating the estimated value of the kth sub-narrowband noise power by using M-1 eigenvalues with smaller values
Figure BDA0002539022100000033
Figure BDA0002539022100000034
Wherein λ isi(Rk) Represents a correlation matrix RkWhen the eigenvalues of (b) are arranged in the order from big to small, the corresponding ith eigenvalue;
calculating a noise-free correlation matrix P under the kth sub-narrow band by using the following formulak
Figure BDA0002539022100000041
In the above formula, IMAn identity matrix of order M is represented.
Extracting a noise-free correlation matrix PkCharacteristic vector Q ofk
Step 3, calculating the focusing conversion matrix of each sub-narrow band
Selecting a center frequency point f of a broadband signal0As a reference frequency point, according to a focus conversion error minimization criterion, a focus conversion matrix U under the kth sub-narrow band is obtainedkComprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002539022100000042
wherein Q is0Eigenvectors, Q, of the correlation matrix representing the sub-narrowband of the reference frequency pointkCorresponding to the feature vector under the kth sub-narrow band;
step 4, calculating the average correlation matrix at the reference frequency point
Figure BDA0002539022100000043
Calculating average correlation matrix at reference frequency point by averaging
Figure BDA0002539022100000044
Figure BDA0002539022100000045
Step 5, calculating the phase difference of the received data of the adjacent array elements by using the average correlation matrix at the reference frequency point
Using average correlation matrix at reference frequency points
Figure BDA0002539022100000046
P +1 th column number of the p-th row
Figure BDA0002539022100000047
Calculating the phase difference u of the output data of the p array element and the p +1 array element(p,p+1)
Figure BDA0002539022100000048
In the above formula, p ═ 1., M-1, and the symbol "arg ()" represents argument calculation;
thus, a phase difference vector u:
u=[u(1,2)u(2,3)...,u(p,p+1),...,u(M-1,M)]T
step 6, obtaining a closed solution of three-dimensional parameter estimation of the near-field broadband radiation source by adopting a least square method
And (3) calculating a vector b containing a position parameter of the near-field broadband radiation source by adopting a least square method:
Figure BDA0002539022100000049
in the above formula, the symbol "T" represents the conjugate transpose operation, the symbol "-1" represents the inversion operation,
Figure BDA0002539022100000051
calculating a closed form solution for the three-dimensional parameter estimation of the near-field broadband radiation source using:
φ=arg(b1+jb2)
Figure BDA0002539022100000052
Figure BDA0002539022100000053
in the above equation, j represents the imaginary symbol, and the symbol "arcsin (·)" represents the arcsine function.
Therefore, the azimuth angle phi, the pitch angle theta and the distance r of the near-field broadband radiation source are estimated, and three-dimensional positioning of the single near-field broadband radiation source is realized.
The effects of the present invention are further illustrated by the following experiments.
First, experimental environment
The array parameters used for the simulation of the present invention are assumed to be: the number M of the array elements of the uniform circular array is 8, and the radius R is 0.5M; the parameters of the near-field broadband radiation source are assumed to be the center frequency f of the near-field broadband radiation source0The bandwidth B is 100MHz at 1GHz, the azimuth angle phi is 120.8 °, the pitch angle theta is 20.6 °, and the distance r is 5 λ.
Second, the experimental contents and results
Experiment one: under the condition that the signal-to-noise ratio is fixed to be 10dB, the average value of azimuth angle estimation of the near-field broadband radiation source obtained by 20 random noise Monte Carlo simulation experiments is
Figure BDA0002539022100000054
The average of the pitch angle estimates is
Figure BDA0002539022100000055
The average of the distance estimates is
Figure BDA0002539022100000056
Wherein the maximum error of azimuth angle estimation is 0.08 °, the maximum error of pitch angle estimation is 0.04 °, and the maximum error of range estimation is 0.28 λ.
From the results of the monte carlo simulation experiment: the algorithm provided by the invention can realize effective estimation of parameters of a single near-field broadband radiation source.
Experiment two: in the experiment, a near-field broadband radiation source parameter estimation algorithm based on fractional Fourier transform and time delay is adopted for performance comparison with the method disclosed by the invention. Array element parameters and near-field broadband radiation source parameters are the same as those in the first experiment, the signal-to-noise ratio is changed from 0dB to 20dB, the RMSEs (Root-Mean-Square-Errors) estimated by the three-dimensional parameters of the near-field broadband radiation source are obtained under the set signal-to-noise ratio through 300 random noise Monte Carlo simulation experiments at intervals of 5dB, and the average time of a single experiment is calculated and compared.
In fig. 2, the abscissa represents the signal-to-noise ratio, the ordinate represents the RMSEs for parameter estimation, the line with diamonds represents the RMSEs calculated by the algorithm based on the time delay, the line with squares represents the RMSEs calculated by the method based on the fractional fourier transform, the line with circles represents the RMSEs calculated by the algorithm proposed by the present invention, and the larger the value of RMSEs, the worse the accuracy of the estimation. The result of the graph shows that the time delay-based algorithm has larger estimation error and fails to position the near-field broadband radiation source position parameter set under the experimental condition, but the RMSEs value estimated by the parameter estimation method and the fractional Fourier transform-based method provided by the invention is smaller, the precision is higher, and the accurate positioning of the near-field broadband radiation source under the experimental assumed parameter can be realized. In addition, the experiments also compared the average time of a single execution of the three methods. Under an Intel i5 processor with a main frequency of 2.8GHz, the time of single operation of the algorithm based on the fractional Fourier transform algorithm and the time delay algorithm is respectively 2.6e-3s, 3.6e-1s and 1.2e-3 s. The comparison of the results shows that the algorithm provided by the invention can accurately estimate the three-dimensional parameters of a single near-field broadband radiation source, and meanwhile, the algorithm has low calculation complexity.

Claims (1)

1. A broadband radiation source parameter estimation method utilizes a uniform circular array to estimate parameters of a single near-field broadband radiation source, and is characterized by comprising the following steps: firstly, dividing a received broadband signal into a plurality of sub-narrow bands in a frequency domain, calculating a correlation matrix of each sub-narrow band after denoising, and extracting a characteristic vector of the correlation matrix; selecting a central frequency point of a broadband signal as a reference frequency point, constructing a focusing conversion matrix of each sub-narrowband by using a characteristic vector of a related matrix of the sub-narrowband where the reference frequency point is located and a characteristic vector of each sub-narrowband related matrix, and solving an average related matrix of each sub-narrowband related matrix projected on the reference frequency point by using the focusing conversion matrix; and finally, calculating the phase difference of the received data between adjacent array elements by using the average correlation matrix, and performing inversion estimation by using a least square algorithm to obtain the azimuth angle, the pitch angle and the distance of the near-field broadband radiation source.
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