CN111650011A - Shipborne intelligent multi-channel atmospheric sampling system, and use method and application thereof - Google Patents
Shipborne intelligent multi-channel atmospheric sampling system, and use method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111650011A CN111650011A CN202010502028.0A CN202010502028A CN111650011A CN 111650011 A CN111650011 A CN 111650011A CN 202010502028 A CN202010502028 A CN 202010502028A CN 111650011 A CN111650011 A CN 111650011A
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- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
- G01N1/2202—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state involving separation of sample components during sampling
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- G01N1/2273—Atmospheric sampling
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- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
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Abstract
The invention provides a shipborne intelligent multi-channel atmospheric sampling system, a using method and application thereof, wherein the atmospheric sampling system comprises an acquisition unit and a control unit; the sampling unit comprises an air extractor and at least two groups of sampling modules, the sampling modules are respectively and independently connected with the air extractor, and the sampling modules comprise sampling heads, sampling pipes and an atmospheric flowmeter which are sequentially connected along the atmospheric flow direction; the control unit comprises a power supply module, a PLC (programmable logic controller) and a human-computer interaction interface, wherein the power supply module is used for supplying power to the PLC and the human-computer interface, the PLC is in communication connection with the human-computer interface, the PLC is respectively and independently electrically connected with the air exhaust device and the atmospheric flowmeter, a frequency conversion device is arranged on a control path between the PLC and the air exhaust device, and the frequency conversion device is used for carrying out PID (proportion integration differentiation) control on the air exhaust device.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental monitoring, relates to an atmosphere sampling system, a using method and application thereof, and particularly relates to a shipborne intelligent multi-channel atmosphere sampling system, a using method and application thereof.
Background
In recent years, with the enhancement of national economic strength and the overall and rapid development of scientific and technological productivity and the continuous development of automatic ambient air quality monitoring systems, more and more automatic ambient air monitoring stations are used. The atmospheric sampling system of the automatic ambient air monitoring station mainly comprises a sampling device and a detection instrument, air is introduced from the outside through the sampling device to complete the collection of ambient air samples, and then the detection instrument is used for detecting and analyzing the collected air samples. The current atmospheric sampling system has a simpler structure, comprises a sampling head, a sampling pipe and an air exhaust fan (namely a sampling fan) to form a sampling device, and has the working principle that a filtering membrane is fixed at an inlet of the air exhaust fan, the air exhaust fan is used for extracting air, the total volume of the filtered air is calculated according to time and air volume, and samples in the air are enriched and left on the filtering membrane, so that a sampling process is completed.
CN111060359A discloses a multifunctional atmospheric sampling system and an atmospheric sampling method, wherein the atmospheric sampling system comprises a sampling head, a sampling pipe, an air exhaust fan, a sampling system controller and an analyzer; the sampling pipe comprises an outdoor pipe and an indoor pipe, the indoor pipe is provided with a heating and heat-preserving device and a sampling interface, and is provided with a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor and a flow velocity sensor; the sampling system controller is provided with a signal acquisition unit and a micro-processing control unit, and the micro-processing control unit comprises a sampling control unit; the sensor is respectively connected with the signal acquisition unit and the micro-processing control unit, and the sampling control unit is respectively connected with the heating device, the air exhaust fan and the analyzer.
CN105424417A discloses an intelligent atmospheric sampling system, comprising: an atmospheric sampling device; a lower computer for controlling the atmospheric sampling device; the main control system is used for controlling the controller and is connected with a storage unit and a bar code scanning unit, the storage unit is used for storing a control program, a corresponding bar code is generated by an access path of the control program, the bar code is scanned by the main control system through the bar code scanning unit, and then the control program is called to control the controller to work.
CN201327457Y discloses a but timing control multichannel automatic switch-over atmosphere sampling system, it includes the machine upper cover, the lower cover, the mouth of pipe of breathing in, supply socket, but the split frame that keeps off the rain, the fan, the sampling bag mount, the handle, the dustproof window that dispels the heat, PLC, the silicone tube, the atmosphere sample thief, the sample thief transformer, the backup pad, the sampling bag, the solenoid valve, the shunt, show each passageway operating condition's LED pilot lamp, the running light, accomplish the pilot lamp, time controller, switch, liftable split tripod etc..
However, the conventional atmospheric sampling equipment cannot be directly used on a scientific research ship, firstly, the course, the navigational speed, the wind direction and the wind speed of the scientific research ship are changed, waste gas discharged from a chimney possibly floats to the vicinity of the atmospheric sampling equipment, the waste gas of the chimney contains dust and various nitrogen oxides, and the substances enter the atmospheric sampling equipment along with an exhaust fan and are left on a filtering membrane to pollute a sample, so that inaccurate data is caused. Salt mist corrosion on the ocean is serious, the salt mist corrosion and waterproof requirements are not considered by conventional atmospheric sampling equipment, the pipeline can be corroded and fall off, and the pipeline is left on the filtering membrane to pollute a sample; polar region scientific investigation ship can frequently stride across regions such as equator, north-south utmost point, and cold and hot change is big and quick, requires that equipment not only has good thermal insulation performance, but also can good heat dissipation, and conventional atmosphere sampling equipment can't satisfy frequent temperature variation. And conventional equipment can only sample one filter membrane at a time, and multiple sets of equipment are needed for sampling multiple data, so that the equipment is heavy, occupies a large amount of space and is low in efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a shipborne intelligent multi-channel atmospheric sampling system, a using method and application thereof, wherein the shipborne intelligent multi-channel atmospheric sampling system is provided with a plurality of sampling channels for simultaneously carrying out atmospheric sampling operation, and a frequency conversion device is used for carrying out PID frequency conversion control on an air extractor, so that the total air inflow can be accurately controlled, and the energy consumption can be reduced; the multi-channel sampling pipeline is provided with the atmospheric flowmeter on each sampling pipeline, so that the atmospheric flow on each sampling pipeline can be accurately measured and controlled, multi-channel sample collection is realized, the operation efficiency is improved, and the volume of equipment is reduced.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the invention provides a ship-borne intelligent multi-channel atmospheric sampling system, which comprises an acquisition unit and a control unit.
The collection unit include air exhaust device and at least two sets of sampling modules, sampling module independently insert respectively air exhaust device, sampling module along the atmosphere flow direction including the sampling head, sampling pipe and the atmospheric flowmeter who connects gradually.
The control unit comprises a power supply module, a PLC (programmable logic controller) and a human-computer interaction interface, wherein the power supply module is used for supplying power to the PLC and the human-computer interface, the PLC is in communication connection with the human-computer interface, the PLC is respectively and independently electrically connected with the air exhaust device and the atmospheric flowmeter, a frequency conversion device is arranged on a control path between the PLC and the air exhaust device, and the frequency conversion device is used for carrying out PID (proportion integration differentiation) control on the air exhaust device.
The invention sets a plurality of sampling modules to simultaneously carry out atmospheric sampling operation, and uses the frequency conversion device to carry out PID frequency conversion control on the air extraction device, thereby accurately controlling the total air input and simultaneously reducing the energy consumption; the multi-channel sampling pipeline is provided with the atmospheric flowmeter on each sampling module, so that the atmospheric flow on each sampling pipeline can be accurately measured and controlled, multi-channel sample collection is realized, the operation efficiency is improved, and the volume of the equipment is reduced.
It should be noted that the number of sampling modules is not required to be collective and limited, and those skilled in the art may add the number of sampling modules according to actual needs, but correspondingly, a high-pressure air-extracting device is also adopted to adapt to the pressure needs of more sampling modules.
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the atmospheric sampling system further includes a heat dissipation and insulation unit.
Preferably, heat dissipation heat preservation unit include temperature sensor, heat abstractor and heat preservation device, temperature sensor be used for independently detecting air exhaust device, PLC controlling means and atmospheric flowmeter's surface temperature, heat abstractor be used for cooling down air exhaust device, heat preservation device be used for heating PLC controlling means and atmospheric flowmeter.
In order to solve the problem that heat dissipation and heat preservation are needed when the air sampling system is used in special areas such as equator, south and north poles and the like, an automatic heat dissipation and heat preservation unit is designed, and the output power of a heat dissipation device and the output power of a heat preservation device are controlled by a PLC (programmable logic controller) according to the surface temperature of equipment detected by a temperature sensor. When the sampling operation is carried out for a long time, the heat productivity of the air extraction device is large, the air extraction device generally needs to be cooled, and the heat productivity of electronic components such as a PLC (programmable logic controller) device and an atmospheric flowmeter is small, and the electronic components are easy to cause equipment damage or failure in a low-temperature environment, so that the air extraction device needs to be heated in a heat preservation way. The PLC control device controls the output power of the heat dissipation device and the heat preservation device, the heat dissipation device is started to cool the air extraction device when the temperature in the space is higher than a set value, and the heat preservation device is started to heat the PLC control device and the atmospheric flowmeter when the temperature in the space is lower than the set value.
Preferably, the temperature sensor, the PLC control device and the heat dissipation device form a closed-loop feedback control for the air extraction device, the temperature sensor acquires surface temperature data of the air extraction device and transmits the surface temperature data to the PLC control device, the PLC control device performs logic calculation on the received temperature data and a preset temperature expected range to obtain a deviation value, and the output power of the heat dissipation device is controlled according to the deviation value.
Preferably, the air extracting device is a fan.
Preferably, the heat dissipation device is a heat dissipation fan.
Preferably, closed-loop feedback control over the air extracting device is formed among the temperature sensor, the PLC control device and the heat preservation device, the temperature sensor acquires surface temperature data of the PLC control device and the atmospheric flowmeter and then transmits the surface temperature data to the PLC control device, the PLC control device performs logic calculation on the received temperature data and a preset temperature expected range to obtain a deviation value, and output power of the heating device is controlled according to the deviation value.
Preferably, the heat preservation device is an electric heater.
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the PLC control device is connected to a data server of the onboard automatic weather station, and is configured to implement data communication with the onboard automatic weather station.
Preferably, closed-loop feedback control is formed among the PLC control device, the frequency conversion device and the air draft device, the PLC control device receives weather information acquired by the shipborne automatic weather station, logic calculation is carried out on the weather information and a preset expected range of the weather information to obtain a deviation value, and PID control is carried out on the output power of the air draft device through the frequency conversion device according to the deviation value.
Preferably, the meteorological information includes relative wind direction and wind speed.
The scientific investigation ship chimney waste gas is the largest pollution source of the atmosphere sampling equipment, and through continuous research, when the chimney is in an upwind direction or at a low wind speed, the chimney waste gas can be sucked into a system to pollute a sampling sample. In order to solve the problem, the atmospheric sampling system provided by the invention is connected to an automatic weather station on board, and the operation and the stop of the sampling module are controlled according to the relative wind direction and the wind speed information collected by the automatic weather station, and a person skilled in the art can set a desired range of the relative wind direction and the wind speed data, such as: when the relative wind direction comes from the range of-60 to +60 degrees of the bow and the wind speed is between 5 and 15 meters per second, the system can sample; if any meteorological data is not in the range, the sampling is stopped. According to the stopping and continuing of the sampling process in cooperation with meteorological data such as the relative wind direction, the wind speed and the like, the pollution of waste gas discharged from a chimney on the upwind direction or when the wind speed is lower to a sampling sample is solved. Meanwhile, the override function is set, and the atmospheric sampling system can be forcibly operated and is not influenced by wind direction and wind speed.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, a filter membrane is arranged inside the sampling head.
Preferably, the diameter of the filter membrane is 100-200 mm, for example, 100mm, 110mm, 120mm, 130mm, 140mm, 150mm, 160mm, 170mm, 180mm, 190mm or 200 mm.
Preferably, the material of the sampling head is stainless steel, and further preferably, the material of the sampling head is 316L stainless steel.
The invention does not make special requirements and specific limitations on the specific structure of the sampling head, and the invention improves the sampling head not by the structure but by the material, in particular, the sampling head made of 316L stainless steel is adopted, is used for collecting atmospheric particulate matters, has the functions of rain and snow prevention, has firm structure, can resist 12-grade strong wind, has the capability of salt spray corrosion prevention, and is convenient for replacing a filter membrane without pollution. It will therefore be appreciated that in terms of construction, sampling heads which are known in the art or which are not known in the new art may be used in the present invention.
As a preferable technical scheme, the atmosphere sampling system further comprises a sampling box body with an open top, and the control unit, the acquisition unit and the heat dissipation and heat preservation unit are integrally arranged in the sampling box body.
Preferably, the sampling box body is divided into an upper layer and a lower layer, the upper layer space of the sampling box body is internally provided with a sampling module, a heat preservation device and a PLC (programmable logic controller) control device in an integrated mode, and the lower layer space of the sampling box body is internally provided with a heat dissipation device and an air exhaust device in an integrated mode.
Preferably, a sealing box is arranged in the upper space of the sampling box body, and the PLC control device and the atmospheric flowmeter are integrally arranged in the sealing box.
Preferably, the protection grade of the seal box is IP 56.
Preferably, a human-computer interface is embedded on the outer wall of the box body where the upper space of the sampling box body is located.
Preferably, the outer wall of the box body where the lower layer space of the sampling box body is located is provided with a heat dissipation hole.
Preferably, the opening of the sampling box body is covered and buckled with a hood, and a gap for sampling atmosphere to enter is reserved between the hood and the opening of the sampling box body.
Preferably, the hood is a roof structure and comprises a rectangular flat plate and trapezoidal inclined plates arranged along the outer edges of four sides of the rectangular flat plate.
Preferably, the bottom of the sampling box body is provided with a base.
In order to prevent rainwater and seawater from entering the interior of the equipment, the sampling air inlet channel of the atmosphere is redesigned, and the hood is arranged at the opening above the sampling box body, so that the seawater and the rainwater can be effectively prevented from entering the air exhaust pipeline along with air, and the pollution to the sampling filter membrane is avoided.
In the invention, in order to ensure that the equipment can be used in all weather, the equipment components need to be arranged in space: for electrical components such as PLC control devices and atmospheric flowmeters, which have small heat dissipation and require waterproofing, to be arranged in a sealed box in an upper space, the sealed box needs to achieve the protection level of IP 56. The air extractor and the heat radiator can be placed in a lower half-open space by using marine equipment.
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the human-machine interface includes a touch screen and a control panel which are used in cooperation.
Preferably, the touch screen is connected with the PLC control device through an I/O module, and the touch screen is used for setting parameters, touch input and data display.
Preferably, the control panel is connected with the PLC control device through an I/O interface, a control signal is input to the PLC control device through operating the control panel, and the PLC control device receives the control signal and then performs PID control on the output power of the air draft device through the frequency conversion device.
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the control unit further includes a remote monitoring system, the PLC control device is connected to the remote monitoring system through a local area network, and the remote monitoring system is configured to perform remote control and parameter detection on the PLC control device.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method of using the atmospheric sampling system according to the first aspect, the method comprising:
the air sampling device comprises a sampling pipe, an air flow meter, a PLC control device and a human-computer interaction interface, wherein the sampling pipe is connected with the air flow meter through the PLC control device, the air flow meter is connected with the human-computer interaction interface through the PLC control device, and the human-computer interaction interface is connected with the air flow meter.
As a preferable technical solution of the present invention, the using method further comprises: and in the collection process of the atmosphere sample, the temperature of the surface temperatures of the air extraction device, the PLC control device and the atmosphere flowmeter is detected and controlled in real time.
Preferably, the real-time temperature detection control process specifically includes:
temperature detection and control of the air extraction device: the temperature sensor acquires surface temperature data of the air extraction device and then transmits the data to the PLC control device, the PLC control device carries out logic calculation on the received temperature data and a preset temperature expectation range to obtain a deviation value, and the output power of the heat dissipation device is controlled according to the deviation value, so that the surface temperature of the air extraction device is adjusted to be within the temperature expectation range.
Temperature detection control of the PLC control device and the atmospheric flowmeter: the temperature sensor acquires surface temperature data of the PLC control device and the atmospheric flowmeter and then transmits the data to the PLC control device, the PLC control device carries out logic calculation on the received temperature data and a preset temperature expectation range to obtain a deviation value, and the output power of the heating device is controlled according to the deviation value, so that the surface temperatures of the PLC control device and the atmospheric flowmeter are adjusted to be within the temperature expectation range.
Preferably, the using method further comprises the following steps: in the collection process of the atmospheric sample, a logic control relationship between meteorological information and a sampling process is established, wherein the logic control relationship is as follows: and controlling the running and suspension of the sampling process according to the meteorological information of the shipborne automatic meteorological station.
Preferably, the logic control relationship specifically includes:
the PLC control device receives meteorological information acquired by the shipborne automatic meteorological station, logic calculation is carried out on the meteorological information and a preset expected range of the meteorological information to obtain a deviation value, PID control is carried out on the output power of the air draft device through the frequency conversion device according to the deviation value, when the acquired real-time gas phase information exceeds the expected range, the output power of the air draft device is reduced through the frequency conversion device or the air draft device is temporarily closed to stop sampling, and when the acquired actual measurement gas phase information is in the expected range, the output power of the air draft device is increased through the frequency conversion device or the air draft device is restarted to continue sampling.
Preferably, the meteorological information includes relative wind direction and wind speed.
Preferably, the preset expected range of the weather information is as follows: the relative wind direction is from-60 degrees to +60 degrees on the bow of the ship, and the wind speed is 5-15 m/s.
Preferably, when the actually measured relative wind direction and the actually measured wind speed both meet the corresponding expected range, the output power of the air draft device is increased through the frequency conversion device or the air draft device is restarted to continue sampling; when any kind of gas phase information in the actually measured relative wind direction or the actually measured wind speed does not meet the corresponding expected range, the output power of the air draft device is reduced or the air draft device is temporarily closed through the frequency conversion device to stop sampling.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the atmosphere sampling system is used for sampling the sea atmosphere in real time in the ship sailing process.
The system refers to an equipment system, or a production equipment.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention sets a plurality of sampling modules to simultaneously carry out atmospheric sampling operation, and uses the frequency conversion device to carry out PID frequency conversion control on the air extraction device, thereby accurately controlling the total air input and simultaneously reducing the energy consumption; each sampling module is provided with an atmospheric flow meter, so that the atmospheric flow on each sampling pipeline can be accurately measured and controlled, multi-channel sample collection is realized, the operation efficiency is improved, and the volume of equipment is reduced;
(2) the atmospheric sampling system provided by the invention is connected to a shipborne automatic weather station, and the operation and the stop of the sampling module are controlled according to the relative wind direction and the wind speed information collected by the automatic weather station, and a person skilled in the art can set an expected range of the relative wind direction and the wind speed data, such as: when the relative wind direction comes from the range of-60 to +60 degrees of the bow and the wind speed is between 5 and 15 meters per second, the system can sample; if any meteorological data is not in the range, the sampling is stopped. According to the stopping and continuing of the sampling process in cooperation with meteorological data such as the relative wind direction, the wind speed and the like, the pollution of waste gas discharged from a chimney on the upwind direction or when the wind speed is lower to a sampling sample is solved. Meanwhile, the override function is set, and the atmospheric sampling system can be forcibly operated and is not influenced by wind direction and wind speed.
(3) In order to prevent rainwater and seawater from entering the interior of the equipment, the sampling air inlet channel of the atmosphere is redesigned, and the hood is arranged at the opening above the sampling box body, so that the seawater and the rainwater can be effectively prevented from entering the air exhaust pipeline along with air, and the pollution to the sampling filter membrane is avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an atmospheric sampling system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a layout diagram of an internal structure of an atmospheric sampling system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is an external view of an atmosphere sampling system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein, 1-PLC control device; 2-human-computer interaction interface; 3-a power supply module; 4-a sampling head; 5-a sampling tube; 6-an atmospheric flow meter; 7-air extraction device; 8-a frequency conversion device; 9-a heat sink; 10-a remote monitoring system; 11-a sampling box body; 12-a hood; 13-base.
Detailed Description
It is to be understood that in the description of the present invention, the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplicity in description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be taken as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first," "second," etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.
It should be noted that, in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "disposed," "connected" and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art through specific situations.
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by the specific implementation mode in combination with the attached drawings.
In one embodiment, the invention provides an on-board intelligent multichannel atmosphere sampling system, which comprises an acquisition unit and a control unit as shown in fig. 1.
The collecting unit comprises an air extractor 7 and at least two groups of sampling modules, the sampling modules are respectively and independently connected with the air extractor 7, and the sampling modules comprise a sampling head 4, a sampling pipe 5 and an atmospheric flowmeter 6 which are sequentially connected along the atmospheric flow direction;
the control unit comprises a power module 3, a PLC (programmable logic controller) control device 1 and a human-computer interaction interface 2, wherein the power module 3 is used for supplying power to the PLC control device 1 and the human-computer interface, the PLC control device 1 is in communication connection with the human-computer interface, the PLC control device 1 is respectively and independently electrically connected with the air exhaust device 7 and the atmospheric flowmeter 6, a frequency conversion device 8 is arranged on a control path between the PLC control device 1 and the air exhaust device 7, and the frequency conversion device 8 is used for carrying out PID (proportion integration differentiation) control on the air exhaust device 7.
The atmosphere sampling system also comprises a heat dissipation and heat preservation unit. Specifically, heat dissipation heat preservation unit includes temperature sensor, heat abstractor 9 and heat preservation device, and temperature sensor is used for independently detecting air exhaust device 7, PLC controlling means 1 and atmospheric flowmeter 6's surface temperature, and heat abstractor 9 is used for cooling air exhaust device 7, and the heat preservation device is used for heating PLC controlling means 1 and atmospheric flowmeter 6.
Closed loop feedback control of the air extracting device 7 is formed among the temperature sensor, the PLC control device 1 and the heat radiating device 9, the temperature sensor acquires surface temperature data of the air extracting device 7 and then transmits the surface temperature data to the PLC control device 1, the PLC control device 1 carries out logic calculation on the received temperature data and a preset temperature expected range to obtain a deviation value, and output power of the heat radiating device 9 is controlled according to the deviation value. The air extracting device 7 can be selected as a fan, and the heat radiating device 9 can be selected as a heat radiating fan.
Closed loop feedback control of the air extracting device 7 is formed among the temperature sensor, the PLC control device 1 and the heat preservation device, the temperature sensor obtains surface temperature data of the PLC control device 1 and the atmospheric flowmeter 6 and then transmits the surface temperature data to the PLC control device 1, the PLC control device 1 carries out logic calculation on the received temperature data and a preset temperature expected range to obtain a deviation value, and output power of the heating device is controlled according to the deviation value. The heat preservation device can be selected as an electric heater.
The PLC control device 1 is connected to a data server of the shipborne automatic weather station and used for realizing data communication with the shipborne automatic weather station. Closed loop feedback control is formed among the PLC control device 1, the frequency conversion device 8 and the air draft device, the PLC control device 1 receives meteorological information acquired by the shipborne automatic meteorological station, logic calculation is carried out on the meteorological information and a preset expected range of the meteorological information to obtain a deviation value, and PID control is carried out on the output power of the air draft device through the frequency conversion device 8 according to the deviation value. The meteorological information includes relative wind direction and wind speed.
A filter membrane is arranged in the sampling head 4, and the diameter of the filter membrane can be selected to be 100-200 mm. The material of the sampling head 4 is stainless steel, and preferably 316L stainless steel.
The atmospheric sampling system further comprises a sampling box body 11 with an open top, and the control unit, the acquisition unit and the heat dissipation and heat preservation unit are integrally arranged in the sampling box body 11 (as shown in fig. 2). The sampling box body 11 is divided into an upper layer and a lower layer, and a sampling module, a heat preservation device and a PLC (programmable logic controller) 1 are arranged in the upper layer space of the sampling box body 11 in an integrated mode. Further, a sealing box is arranged in the upper space of the sampling box body 11, the PLC control device 1 and the atmospheric flowmeter 6 are integrally arranged in the sealing box, and the protection grade of the sealing box is IP 56. And a human-computer interface is embedded on the outer wall of the box body where the upper layer space is located. The human-computer interface comprises a touch screen and a control panel which are matched with each other. The touch screen is connected with the PLC control device 1 through an I/O module and is used for setting parameters, touch input and data display. The control panel is connected with the PLC control device 1 through an I/O interface, a control signal is input into the PLC control device 1 through the operation control panel, and after receiving the control signal, the PLC control device 1 carries out PID control on the output power of the air draft device through the frequency conversion device 8. The heat dissipation device 9 and the air extraction device 7 are integrally arranged in the lower-layer space of the sampling box body 11, and heat dissipation holes (as shown in fig. 3) are formed in the outer wall of the box body where the lower-layer space of the sampling box body 11 is located.
The hood 12 is covered and buckled at the opening of the sampling box body 11, and a gap for the sampling atmosphere to enter is reserved between the hood 12 and the opening of the sampling box body 11. Specifically, the hood 12 is a roof structure, and includes a rectangular flat plate and trapezoidal sloping plates disposed along the outer edges of four sides of the rectangular flat plate. The bottom of the sampling box 11 is provided with a base 13 (shown in fig. 3).
The control unit further comprises a remote monitoring system 10, the PLC control device 1 is connected to the remote monitoring system 10 through a local area network, and the remote monitoring system 10 is used for carrying out remote control and parameter detection on the PLC control device 1.
In another embodiment, the present invention provides a specific use method of the above-mentioned atmospheric sampling system, including:
an atmospheric sample collected by a sampling head 4 sequentially flows through a sampling pipe 5 and an atmospheric flow meter 6 under the induced air action of an air extractor 7, flow data monitored by the atmospheric flow meter 6 is transmitted to a human-computer interaction interface 2 through a PLC (programmable logic controller) control device 1, and the real-time control of the atmospheric sampling flow is realized through the human-computer interaction interface 2;
in the process of collecting the atmospheric sample, various feedback controls are also carried out simultaneously, and specifically the method comprises the following steps:
temperature detection control of the air extractor 7: the temperature sensor acquires surface temperature data of the air extraction device 7 and transmits the surface temperature data to the PLC control device 1, the PLC control device 1 carries out logic calculation on the received temperature data and a preset temperature expected range to obtain a deviation value, and the output power of the heat dissipation device 9 is controlled according to the deviation value, so that the surface temperature of the air extraction device 7 is adjusted to be within the temperature expected range;
temperature detection control for the PLC control device 1 and the atmospheric flowmeter 6: the temperature sensor acquires surface temperature data of the PLC control device 1 and the atmospheric flowmeter 6 and then transmits the data to the PLC control device 1, the PLC control device 1 carries out logic calculation on the received temperature data and a preset temperature expected range to obtain a deviation value, and the output power of the heating device is controlled according to the deviation value, so that the surface temperatures of the PLC control device 1 and the atmospheric flowmeter 6 are adjusted to be within the temperature expected range;
logic control between meteorological information and sampling process: the PLC control device 1 receives meteorological information (including but not limited to relative wind direction and wind speed) acquired by a shipborne automatic meteorological station, carries out logical calculation with a preset expected range of the meteorological information (the expected range of the relative wind direction is-60 degrees to +60 degrees of a ship bow, and the expected range of the wind speed is 5-15 m/s) to obtain a deviation value, carries out PID control on the output power of the air draft device through a frequency conversion device 8 according to the deviation value, and when the actually measured relative wind direction and the actually measured wind speed meet the corresponding expected range, increases the output power of the air draft device through the frequency conversion device 8 or restarts the air draft device to continue sampling; when any kind of gas phase information in the actually measured relative wind direction or the actually measured wind speed does not meet the corresponding expected range, the output power of the air draft device is reduced or the air draft device is temporarily closed through the frequency conversion device 8 to stop sampling.
The applicant declares that the above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are within the scope and disclosure of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A ship-borne intelligent multi-channel atmospheric sampling system is characterized by comprising an acquisition unit and a control unit;
the sampling unit comprises an air extractor and at least two groups of sampling modules, the sampling modules are respectively and independently connected with the air extractor, and the sampling modules comprise sampling heads, sampling pipes and an atmospheric flowmeter which are sequentially connected along the atmospheric flow direction;
the control unit comprises a power supply module, a PLC (programmable logic controller) and a human-computer interaction interface, wherein the power supply module is used for supplying power to the PLC and the human-computer interface, the PLC is in communication connection with the human-computer interface, the PLC is respectively and independently electrically connected with the air exhaust device and the atmospheric flowmeter, a frequency conversion device is arranged on a control path between the PLC and the air exhaust device, and the frequency conversion device is used for carrying out PID (proportion integration differentiation) control on the air exhaust device.
2. The atmospheric sampling system of claim 1, further comprising a heat sink and holding unit;
preferably, the heat dissipation and heat preservation unit comprises a temperature sensor, a heat dissipation device and a heat preservation device, the temperature sensor is used for independently detecting the surface temperatures of the air extraction device, the PLC control device and the atmospheric flowmeter, the heat dissipation device is used for cooling the air extraction device, and the heat preservation device is used for heating the PLC control device and the atmospheric flowmeter;
preferably, a closed-loop feedback control of the air extraction device is formed among the temperature sensor, the PLC control device and the heat dissipation device, the temperature sensor acquires surface temperature data of the air extraction device and transmits the surface temperature data to the PLC control device, the PLC control device performs logic calculation on the received temperature data and a preset temperature expected range to obtain a deviation value, and the output power of the heat dissipation device is controlled according to the deviation value;
preferably, the air exhaust device is a fan;
preferably, the heat dissipation device is a heat dissipation fan;
preferably, closed-loop feedback control over the air extraction device is formed among the temperature sensor, the PLC control device and the heat preservation device, the temperature sensor acquires surface temperature data of the PLC control device and the atmospheric flowmeter and then transmits the surface temperature data to the PLC control device, the PLC control device performs logic calculation on the received temperature data and a preset temperature expected range to obtain a deviation value, and the output power of the heating device is controlled according to the deviation value;
preferably, the heat preservation device is an electric heater.
3. The atmospheric sampling system of claim 1 or 2, wherein the PLC control device is connected to a data server of the onboard automatic weather station for data communication with the onboard automatic weather station;
preferably, closed-loop feedback control is formed among the PLC control device, the frequency conversion device and the air draft device, the PLC control device receives weather information acquired by the shipborne automatic weather station, logic calculation is carried out on the weather information and a preset expected range of the weather information to obtain a deviation value, and PID control is carried out on the output power of the air draft device through the frequency conversion device according to the deviation value;
preferably, the meteorological information includes relative wind direction and wind speed.
4. An atmospheric sampling system as defined in any of claims 1-3 in which the sampling head is internally provided with a filter membrane;
preferably, the diameter of the filter membrane is 100-200 mm;
preferably, the material of the sampling head is stainless steel, and further preferably, the material of the sampling head is 316L stainless steel.
5. The atmospheric sampling system of any one of claims 1-4, further comprising a sampling box with an open top, wherein the control unit, the collection unit, and the heat dissipation and heat preservation unit are integrally arranged in the sampling box;
preferably, the sampling box body is divided into an upper layer and a lower layer, a sampling module, a heat preservation device and a PLC (programmable logic controller) control device are integrally arranged in the upper layer space of the sampling box body, and a heat dissipation device and an air extraction device are integrally arranged in the lower layer space of the sampling box body;
preferably, a sealing box is arranged in the upper space of the sampling box body, and the PLC control device and the atmospheric flowmeter are integrally arranged in the sealing box;
preferably, the protection grade of the seal box is IP 56;
preferably, a human-computer interface is embedded in the outer wall of the box body where the upper space of the sampling box body is located;
preferably, the outer wall of the box body where the lower layer space of the sampling box body is located is provided with a heat dissipation hole;
preferably, the opening of the sampling box body is covered and buckled with a hood, and a gap for sampling atmosphere to enter is reserved between the hood and the opening of the sampling box body;
preferably, the hood is of a roof structure and comprises a rectangular flat plate and trapezoidal inclined plates arranged along the outer edges of four sides of the rectangular flat plate;
preferably, the bottom of the sampling box body is provided with a base.
6. The atmospheric sampling system of any of claims 1-5, wherein the human-machine interface includes a touch screen and a control panel for use therewith;
preferably, the touch screen is connected with the PLC control device through an I/O module, and the touch screen is used for setting parameters, touch input and data display;
preferably, the control panel is connected with the PLC control device through an I/O interface, a control signal is input to the PLC control device through operating the control panel, and the PLC control device receives the control signal and then performs PID control on the output power of the air draft device through the frequency conversion device.
7. The atmospheric sampling system of any of claims 1-6, wherein the control unit further comprises a remote monitoring system, the PLC control device is connected to the remote monitoring system through a local area network, and the remote monitoring system is used for remotely controlling the PLC control device and detecting parameters.
8. A method of using the atmospheric sampling system of any of claims 1-7, the method comprising:
the air sampling device comprises a sampling pipe, an air flow meter, a PLC control device and a human-computer interaction interface, wherein the sampling pipe is connected with the air flow meter through the PLC control device, the air flow meter is connected with the human-computer interaction interface through the PLC control device, and the human-computer interaction interface is connected with the air flow meter.
9. The use of claim 8, wherein said use further comprises: in the process of collecting an atmospheric sample, carrying out real-time temperature detection control on the surface temperatures of the air extraction device, the PLC control device and the atmospheric flowmeter;
preferably, the real-time temperature detection control process specifically includes:
temperature detection and control of the air extraction device: the temperature sensor acquires surface temperature data of the air extraction device and transmits the surface temperature data to the PLC control device, the PLC control device carries out logic calculation on the received temperature data and a preset temperature expectation range to obtain a deviation value, and the output power of the heat dissipation device is controlled according to the deviation value, so that the surface temperature of the air extraction device is adjusted to be within the temperature expectation range;
temperature detection control of the PLC control device and the atmospheric flowmeter: the temperature sensor acquires surface temperature data of the PLC control device and the atmospheric flow meter and then transmits the data to the PLC control device, the PLC control device carries out logic calculation on the received temperature data and a preset temperature expectation range to obtain a deviation value, and the output power of the heating device is controlled according to the deviation value, so that the surface temperatures of the PLC control device and the atmospheric flow meter are adjusted to be within the temperature expectation range;
preferably, the using method further comprises the following steps: in the collection process of the atmospheric sample, a logic control relationship between meteorological information and a sampling process is established, wherein the logic control relationship is as follows: controlling the running and suspension of the sampling process according to the meteorological information of the shipborne automatic meteorological station;
preferably, the logic control relationship specifically includes:
the PLC control device receives meteorological information acquired by the shipborne automatic meteorological station, logic calculation is carried out on the meteorological information and a preset expected range of the meteorological information to obtain a deviation value, PID control is carried out on the output power of the air draft device through the frequency conversion device according to the deviation value, when the acquired real-time gas phase information exceeds the expected range, the output power of the air draft device is reduced through the frequency conversion device or the air draft device is temporarily closed to stop sampling, and when the acquired actual measurement gas phase information is in the expected range, the output power of the air draft device is increased through the frequency conversion device or the air draft device is restarted to continue sampling;
preferably, the meteorological information comprises relative wind direction and wind speed;
preferably, the preset expected range of the weather information is as follows: the relative wind direction is from-60 degrees to +60 degrees on the bow of the ship, and the wind speed is 5-15 m/s;
preferably, when the actually measured relative wind direction and the actually measured wind speed both meet the corresponding expected range, the output power of the air draft device is increased through the frequency conversion device or the air draft device is restarted to continue sampling; when any kind of gas phase information in the actually measured relative wind direction or the actually measured wind speed does not meet the corresponding expected range, the output power of the air draft device is reduced or the air draft device is temporarily closed through the frequency conversion device to stop sampling.
10. Use of an atmospheric sampling system as claimed in any of claims 1 to 7, wherein the atmospheric sampling system is used to sample the marine atmosphere in real time during the voyage of a ship.
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| CN202010502028.0A CN111650011A (en) | 2020-06-04 | 2020-06-04 | Shipborne intelligent multi-channel atmospheric sampling system, and use method and application thereof |
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| CN202010502028.0A CN111650011A (en) | 2020-06-04 | 2020-06-04 | Shipborne intelligent multi-channel atmospheric sampling system, and use method and application thereof |
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| CN113300256A (en) * | 2021-06-16 | 2021-08-24 | 董波 | High-voltage switch cabinet with high safety |
| CN113640073A (en) * | 2021-08-12 | 2021-11-12 | 北京纳颗环境科技有限公司 | Multichannel micro-flow sampling controller |
| CN114280248A (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2022-04-05 | 武汉市三藏科技有限责任公司 | VOCs pollution navigation real-time monitoring device and monitoring method |
| CN116593237A (en) * | 2023-05-22 | 2023-08-15 | 国家海洋环境预报中心 | Multi-pipeline sample injection method, device and equipment for ship-borne atmospheric component navigation observation |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113300256A (en) * | 2021-06-16 | 2021-08-24 | 董波 | High-voltage switch cabinet with high safety |
| CN113640073A (en) * | 2021-08-12 | 2021-11-12 | 北京纳颗环境科技有限公司 | Multichannel micro-flow sampling controller |
| CN113640073B (en) * | 2021-08-12 | 2024-06-07 | 北京纳颗环境科技有限公司 | Multichannel micro-flow sampling controller |
| CN114280248A (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2022-04-05 | 武汉市三藏科技有限责任公司 | VOCs pollution navigation real-time monitoring device and monitoring method |
| CN114280248B (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2023-09-01 | 武汉市三藏科技有限责任公司 | VOCs pollution navigation real-time monitoring device and monitoring method |
| CN116593237A (en) * | 2023-05-22 | 2023-08-15 | 国家海洋环境预报中心 | Multi-pipeline sample injection method, device and equipment for ship-borne atmospheric component navigation observation |
| CN116593237B (en) * | 2023-05-22 | 2023-12-19 | 国家海洋环境预报中心 | Multi-pipeline sample injection method, device and equipment for ship-borne atmospheric component navigation observation |
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