CN111649921A - Rotating machinery fault diagnosis test system and working method - Google Patents
Rotating machinery fault diagnosis test system and working method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rotary machine fault diagnosis test system, which is an experiment table of a single-disc rotor system supported by a sliding bearing, wherein the experiment table consists of a mounting plate, a motor, a single-disc rotor, the sliding bearing and a collision and grinding device, and also comprises a detection device, the detection device consists of an X-direction eddy current sensor, a Y-direction eddy current sensor, a data acquisition card and a computer, the X-direction eddy current sensor, the Y-direction eddy current sensor and a piezoelectric sensor are connected with the data acquisition card, and the data acquisition card is communicated with the computer; through bumping the device and forming looks department resistance with the contact of single disc rotor to change the signal that X direction eddy current sensor, Y direction eddy current sensor gathered, be equipped with virtual simulator software in the computer and handle the analysis to the data that data acquisition card sent, increased detection device's rotatory machinery fault detection system, for traditional test instrument, the measuring accuracy is higher.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of machinery, and particularly relates to a rotary machine fault diagnosis test system and a working method.
Background
Rotary machine fault diagnosis is an important part of equipment fault diagnosis. With the development of large-scale, high-speed, continuous and automatic rotary machine equipment, the quality requirements on equipment management and maintenance personnel are higher and higher. The method ensures efficient and safe production, reduces the downtime caused by faults, is the premise for improving economic and social benefits of enterprises, and provides an effective solution for the equipment state monitoring and fault diagnosis technology.
Rubbing of rotating and stationary parts of a rotating machine is a common failure in operation. The rubbing action produces very complex movements of the rotor. Therefore, monitoring the working state of the rotary machine, accurately analyzing and diagnosing the vibration fault, finding out the fault of the equipment at an early stage and detecting the reason of the fault, and has important significance for ensuring the safe and stable operation of the equipment and preventing major accidents. In order to deeply study the early-stage rub-impact fault characteristics of the rotary machine, a test bed of a single-disc rotor system supported by a sliding bearing is built, an eddy current sensor and a virtual instrument are used for forming a rub-impact detection system of the rotary machine, the vibration signal of the rotor is subjected to online time domain analysis and frequency spectrum analysis, and various characteristic information of faults is utilized to carry out fault diagnosis on rotary machine equipment, so that the accuracy of fault diagnosis can be effectively improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art, the detection device technology is introduced into a rotary machine fault detection system, software and an eddy current sensor are used as a software and hardware platform to detect rotary machine vibration signals, and comprehensive characteristic quantities such as time domain waveforms, frequency spectrums, rotor axis motion tracks and the like of the vibration signals are analyzed and processed, so that faults of the rotary machine can be accurately judged, and the fault diagnosis accuracy is improved by using the detection device.
The technical scheme is as follows: the invention relates to a rotary machine fault diagnosis test system, which is an experiment table of a single-disc rotor system supported by a sliding bearing, the experiment table consists of a mounting plate, a motor, a single-disc rotor, the sliding bearing and a collision and grinding device, the motor is arranged on the mounting plate, the sliding bearing is arranged at two ends of the single-disc rotor, the sliding bearing is arranged on the mounting plate through a bearing seat, one end of the single-disc rotor is connected with an output shaft of the motor, so that the output shaft of the motor, a rotating shaft of the single-disc rotor and the sliding bearing are positioned on the same axis, the collision and grinding device is arranged around the single-disc rotor, the invention also comprises a detection device, the detection device consists of an X-direction electric eddy sensor, a Y-direction electric eddy sensor, a data acquisition card and a computer, the X-direction electric eddy sensor and the Y-direction, enabling an X-direction eddy current sensor and a Y-direction eddy current sensor on the same plane to be perpendicular to each other, wherein the X-direction eddy current sensor and the Y-direction eddy current sensor are connected with a data acquisition card, and the data acquisition card is communicated with a computer; the friction device is contacted with the single-disc rotor to form phase resistance so as to change signals collected by the X-direction eddy current sensor and the Y-direction eddy current sensor, and virtual simulator software is arranged in the computer to process and analyze data sent by the data collection card.
Further, bump the mill device and constitute by bolt and fixing base, the fixing base is installed on the mounting panel, is located single disc rotor one side, is equipped with the through-hole on the fixing base, the bolt is installed in the through-hole, makes the directional and the axis coincidence of single disc rotor of bolt.
A working method of a rotary machine fault diagnosis test system is based on software in a technical machine and comprises the following steps: the software design is established on a Windows XP system by using LabVIEW programming language, a parameter control data acquisition card on a front panel is arranged on a software platform for data acquisition, the acquired data is analyzed and processed by the software system, an AI Acquire waves functions are used in a program for simultaneously acquiring data transmitted by two sensors, and an Index Array function is used for respectively introducing two paths of signals; after the signals are filtered, the signals in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction are respectively sent to a Graph control to display a oscillogram, and the signals in the two directions are simultaneously superposed on an XY Graph control to be displayed, so that an axis locus diagram of the rotor can be obtained; and LabVIEW software is used for carrying out time domain and frequency domain waveform characteristic analysis on the signals, so that rubbing faults of the rotating machinery are identified and diagnosed, and the rubbing faults are mainly identified and diagnosed through time domain waveform characteristics of single-disk rotor rubbing vibration signals, single-disk rotor axis motion track parameters during rubbing vibration and vibration frequency spectrums.
Furthermore, the time domain waveform is a relation curve of vibration parameters changing along with time, when the rotary machine normally operates, the vibration signal time domain waveform under an ideal working condition is a smooth sinusoidal curve, and the vibration waveforms of the rotor in the X direction and the rotor in the Y direction are acquired by software in real time, as shown in fig. 2, and the rotor is judged to be in dynamic and static rubbing according to the time domain waveform; high-frequency components are superposed on original sinusoidal signals in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction, the waveform is unstable, the vibration waveform in the Y-axis direction has obvious clipping, the waveform is distorted, the dynamic and static rubbing of a rotor is serious, particularly, the rotor in the Y-axis direction is more rubbed, and the displacement of the rotor is limited at the rubbing position in the direction, so that the peak of the vibration waveform disappears and becomes more flat; evidence indicates that the single disc rotor has entered a medium stage of wear; in order to explore the reason of the rubbing fault of the rotor, the motion trail parameters of the single-disc rotor axis during rubbing vibration are collected simultaneously, and the time domain waveform characteristics of the parameters are comprehensively analyzed.
Further, the parameters of the motion trail of the axis of the single-disc rotor during rubbing vibration are collected as follows:
a. characteristic of motion track of rotor axis
The characteristic axis locus of the axis motion locus of the single-disc rotor is obtained by simultaneously acquiring data by using an X-direction eddy current sensor and a Y-direction eddy current sensor which are perpendicular to each other in the same plane of a rotating shaft, and drawing a graph by using X-direction electric sensor data as an abscissa and Y-direction data as an ordinate through a code program of a software LabVIEW;
the reasons for the single-disc rotor to generate the whirling motion can be unbalance of the rotor, poor centering and collision and friction of dynamic and static; the whirling tracks caused by different reasons are different, so that the motion tracks of different rotor axes relative to the bearing seat are displayed; when the rotary machine normally runs, the time domain waveform of the vibration signal is a sine curve; let the mathematical expression of two mutually perpendicular sinusoidal signals be
x(t)＝Axcos(ωxt+φx)＝Axcos(2πfxt+φx) (1)
y(t)＝Aycos(ωyt+φy)＝Aycos(2πfyt+φy) (2)
When the frequencies of the two sinusoidal periodic signals are the same, i.e. fx＝fyThe trajectory is generally elliptical; is prepared from (1) and (2)
Measuring the axle center track of the rotor by applying XY Graph display Lissajous figure on a software platform, and judging the running state and the fault state of the rotor according to the axle center track; according to the theory of the lissajous figure, if two arrays in the X direction and the Y direction respectively change according to the sine rule, wherein the data point number, the amplitude and the frequency are assumed to be the same, and the two arrays are circular when the phase difference between the data point number, the amplitude and the frequency is equal to 90 degrees, so that the axle center running track is circular under the ideal working condition if the rotor has no rubbing fault; suppose Ax≠AyThat is, when the amplitudes of the rotor in the x direction and the y direction are not equal, the displayed graph is elliptical;
when the rotary machine has a vibration fault, the time domain waveform is distorted instead of a sine curve, so that the motion track of the axis is not circular;
analyzing the typical track graphs of the single-disc rotor in the running under different fault states, the rotor axis running track graphs after the noise elimination of the wavelet packet measured by experiments and the fault symptom table mapped by the typical track of the single-disc rotor axis, judging that the rotor has serious rubbing faults according to the time domain waveform of the rotor vibration, and showing the reason of generating the faults if the axis running track is marked; according to the Dalberg principle, the equation of motion of the rotor axis caused by the unbalance of the rotor is
Wherein m is the rotor mass, c is the internal and external damping coefficient when the rotor rotates, k is the bending rigidity of the shaft, zeta is the eccentricity of the rotor, and omega is the angular velocity of the rotor rotation;
b. measurement of rotor axis radial displacement
The single-disc rotor axis radial vibration displacement value is a digital quantity which is most intuitive for judging the severity degree of the rotor rub-impact fault; when the running rotor generates radial vibration, the distance between the surface of the running rotor and the eddy current sensor changes along with time, and the output voltage of the sensor also changes along with the change; LabVIEW program in application software can measure the minimum voltage value and the maximum voltage value of the rotor surface distance sensor, the peak value is the voltage extreme value of the rotor during radial vibration, and the corresponding non-electric quantity is the maximum radial displacement of the axis; when the running rotor generates radial collision and friction vibration, the output voltage of the eddy current sensor changes in direct proportion along the distance between the planar coil and the rotor;
detecting the output voltage of the planar coil of the eddy current sensor when the planar coil is farthest from the rotor by using the Amplitude and level.vi of LabVIEW in software, and displaying the voltage value of experimental data, wherein the experimental data when the planar coil is closest is the voltage value, and the peak-peak voltage value; the peak-peak value is the maximum voltage output variable quantity of the eddy current sensor, and the least square method fitting Linear equation is obtained by using the measured data of the quasi-Linear section during calibration of the eddy current sensor and the Linear fit.vi of LabVIEW
y＝6.11+0.91x (5)
This gives a slope of 0.91, which is also the sensitivity of the eddy current sensor, expressed mathematically as
Where Δ y is the sensor voltage output increment and Δ x is the rotor vibration displacement.
The maximum radial displacement of the corresponding axle center can be obtained by the formula (6), which is enough to explain the severity of the rotor rubbing fault.
Further, the rotor vibration spectrum analysis specifically includes the following steps:
in order to accurately judge the fault vibration frequency, the detection signal is further analyzed on a frequency domain, the rotary mechanical vibration signal is a complex signal superposed by a plurality of excitation signals under most conditions and can be decomposed into a series of harmonic components, each harmonic component represents the response of corresponding frequency excitation in a linear system, and each harmonic component contains amplitude and phase characteristic quantity;
by utilizing a frequency spectrum analysis program designed by LabVIEW, in order to reduce the leakage effect, before Fourier transformation is carried out on a rotor vibration signal, a window function is used for weighting the rotor vibration signal, an actual vibration frequency spectrum analysis chart is analyzed, the fundamental frequency which is the rotation frequency of a rotor can be clearly seen, and the fundamental frequency is completely consistent with the set rotation speed; the peak appears at 2 times of fundamental frequency, which is one of important characteristic signals of the rotor, indicating that the axial vibration of the rotor is stronger than the radial vibration, and conforming to the characteristics of the comprehensive collision and friction vibration fault.
Has the advantages that: the invention introduces the detection device technology into the fault detection system of the rotary machine, uses software and an eddy current sensor as a software and hardware platform to detect the vibration signal of the rotary machine, and analyzes and processes the time domain waveform, frequency spectrum, the movement track of the rotor axis and other comprehensive characteristic quantities of the vibration signal, thereby accurately judging the fault of the rotary machine; therefore, a rotating machinery fault detection system of the detection device is added, and compared with a traditional test instrument, the test precision is high.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a detection apparatus;
FIG. 2 is a waveform of rotor vibration;
FIG. 3 is an axial trace diagram;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a wavelet packet denoising procedure;
FIG. 5 is a radial vibration displacement test interface diagram of the rotor axis;
FIG. 6 is a rotating machine vibration spectrum program diagram;
FIG. 7 is a diagram of rotor vibration spectrum plus Hamming window;
FIG. 8 is a detailed panel view of the mechanical vibration detector;
FIG. 9 is a mechanical block diagram of a rotating machine fault diagnostic test system;
1. mounting a plate; 2. a motor; 3. a single disk rotor; 4. a sliding bearing; 5. a collision grinding device; 6. an X-direction eddy current sensor; 7. and a Y-direction eddy current sensor.
Detailed Description
The utility model provides a rotating machinery fault diagnosis test system, is the laboratory bench of the single disc rotor system of slide bearing support, and the laboratory bench is by mounting panel 1, motor 2, single disc rotor 3, slide bearing 4, bump and grind device 5 and constitute, motor 2 installs on mounting panel 1, slide bearing 4 sets up at single disc rotor 3 both ends, and slide bearing 4 passes through the bearing frame and installs on mounting panel 1, and wherein single disc rotor 3's one end and motor 2 output shaft make motor 2 output shaft, single disc rotor 3's pivot, slide bearing 4 be located same axis, bump and rub device 5 and set up around single disc rotor, still include detection device, detection device comprises X direction electric eddy sensor 6, Y direction electric eddy sensor 7, data acquisition card, computer, X direction electric eddy sensor 6, Y direction electric eddy sensor 7 set up respectively in single disc rotor one side, enabling an X-direction eddy current sensor 6 and a Y-direction eddy current sensor 7 on the same plane to be perpendicular to each other, connecting the X-direction eddy current sensor 6 and the Y-direction eddy current sensor 7 with a data acquisition card, and communicating the data acquisition card with a computer; the rubbing device 5 is contacted with the single-disc rotor 3 to form phase resistance so as to change signals collected by the X-direction eddy current sensor 6 and the Y-direction eddy current sensor 7, and virtual simulator software is arranged in the computer to process and analyze data sent by the data collection card; wherein the measured diameter of the rotor of the rotary machine is 20.00mm, the eccentricity is 0.2mm, a rubbing device is respectively arranged at the upper part and the lower part in the y-axis direction, and the displacement can be adjusted so as to simulate single-point or double-point rubbing faults. The acquisition of the rub-impact signal is completed by a PCI-6024E acquisition card, the number of sampling points is set to be 1000 points, the rotating speed of a rotor is 2340r/min, and the test rotating frequency is 39 Hz.
Furthermore, the collision grinding device consists of a bolt and a fixed seat, the fixed seat is arranged on the mounting plate and positioned on one side of the single-disc rotor, a through hole is formed in the fixed seat, and the bolt is arranged in the through hole so that the direction of the bolt coincides with the axis of the single-disc rotor;
a working method of a rotary machine fault diagnosis test system is based on software in a technical machine and comprises the following steps: the software design is established on a Windows XP system by using LabVIEW programming language, a parameter control data acquisition card on a front panel is arranged on a software platform for data acquisition, the acquired data is analyzed and processed by the software system, an AI Acquire waves functions are used in a program for simultaneously acquiring data transmitted by two sensors, and an Index Array function is used for respectively introducing two paths of signals; after the signals are filtered, the signals in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction are respectively sent to a Graph control to display a oscillogram, and the signals in the two directions are simultaneously superposed on an XY Graph control to be displayed, so that an axis locus diagram of the rotor can be obtained; and LabVIEW software is used for carrying out time domain and frequency domain waveform characteristic analysis on the signals, so that rubbing faults of the rotating machinery are identified and diagnosed, and the rubbing faults are mainly identified and diagnosed through time domain waveform characteristics of single-disk rotor rubbing vibration signals, single-disk rotor axis motion track parameters during rubbing vibration and vibration frequency spectrums.
Furthermore, the time domain waveform is a relation curve of vibration parameters changing along with time, when the rotary machine normally operates, the vibration signal time domain waveform under an ideal working condition is a smooth sinusoidal curve, and the vibration waveforms of the rotor in the X direction and the rotor in the Y direction are acquired by software in real time, as shown in fig. 2, and the rotor is judged to be in dynamic and static rubbing according to the time domain waveform; high-frequency components are superposed on original sinusoidal signals in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction, the waveform is unstable, the vibration waveform in the Y-axis direction has obvious clipping, the waveform is distorted, the dynamic and static rubbing of a rotor is serious, particularly, the rotor in the Y-axis direction is more rubbed, and the displacement of the rotor is limited at the rubbing position in the direction, so that the peak of the vibration waveform disappears and becomes more flat; evidence indicates that the single disc rotor has entered a medium stage of wear; in order to explore the reason of the rubbing fault of the rotor, the motion trail parameters of the single-disc rotor axis during rubbing vibration are collected simultaneously, and the time domain waveform characteristics of the parameters are comprehensively analyzed.
Further, the parameters of the motion trail of the axis of the single-disc rotor during rubbing vibration are collected as follows:
a. characteristic of motion track of rotor axis
The characteristic axis locus of the axis motion locus of the single-disc rotor is obtained by simultaneously acquiring data by using an X-direction eddy current sensor and a Y-direction eddy current sensor which are perpendicular to each other in the same plane of a rotating shaft, and drawing a graph by using X-direction electric sensor data as an abscissa and Y-direction data as an ordinate through a code program of a software LabVIEW;
the reasons for the single-disc rotor to generate the whirling motion can be unbalance of the rotor, poor centering and collision and friction of dynamic and static; the whirling tracks caused by different reasons are different, so that the motion tracks of different rotor axes relative to the bearing seat are displayed; when the rotary machine normally runs, the time domain waveform of the vibration signal is a sine curve; let the mathematical expression of two mutually perpendicular sinusoidal signals be
x(t)＝Axcos(ωxt+φx)＝Axcos(2πfxt+φx) (1)
y(t)＝Aycos(ωyt+φy)＝Aycos(2πfyt+φy) (2)
When the frequencies of the two sinusoidal periodic signals are the same, i.e. fx＝fyThe trajectory is generally elliptical; is prepared from (1) and (2)
Measuring the axle center track of the rotor by applying XY Graph display Lissajous figure on a software platform, and judging the running state and the fault state of the rotor according to the axle center track; according to the principle of lissajous figure, ifThe two arrays in the X direction and the Y direction respectively change according to a sine rule, wherein the data points, the amplitude and the frequency are assumed to be the same, and the two arrays are circular when the phase difference between the data points, the amplitude and the frequency is equal to 90 degrees, so that the axle center running track is circular under an ideal working condition if the rotor has no rubbing fault; suppose Ax≠AyThat is, when the amplitudes of the rotor in the x direction and the y direction are not equal, the displayed graph is elliptical;
when the rotary machine has a vibration fault, the time domain waveform is distorted instead of a sine curve, so that the motion track of the axis is not circular; the (a), (b), (c), (d) and (e) are typical track graphs of the rotor in various fault states as shown in FIG. 3;
TABLE 1
A fault symptom table mapped by a typical track of a single-disk rotor shaft center is shown in table 1; analyzing the graph of the running track of the axle center of the rotor after the noise of the wavelet packet is eliminated as measured in the experiment shown in FIG. 4, judging that the rotor has serious rubbing fault according to the time domain waveform of the rotor vibration, and showing the reason of the fault when the running track of the axle center runs; according to the Dalberg principle, the equation of motion of the rotor axis caused by the unbalance of the rotor is
Wherein m is the rotor mass, c is the internal and external damping coefficient when the rotor rotates, k is the bending rigidity of the shaft, zeta is the eccentricity of the rotor, and omega is the angular velocity of the rotor rotation;
b. measurement of rotor axis radial displacement
The single-disc rotor axis radial vibration displacement value is a digital quantity which is most intuitive for judging the severity degree of the rotor rub-impact fault; when the running rotor generates radial vibration, the distance between the surface of the running rotor and the eddy current sensor changes along with time, and the output voltage of the sensor also changes along with the change; LabVIEW program in application software can measure the minimum voltage value and the maximum voltage value of the rotor surface distance sensor, the peak value is the voltage extreme value of the rotor during radial vibration, and the corresponding non-electric quantity is the maximum radial displacement of the axis; when the running rotor generates radial collision and friction vibration, the output voltage of the eddy current sensor changes in direct proportion along the distance between the planar coil and the rotor; the design of the rotor axial center radial vibration displacement test interface is shown in fig. 5.
The output voltage of the eddy current sensor when the planar coil is farthest from the rotor is detected by using the Amplitude and level.vi of LabVIEW in software, the experimental data displayed on the front panel is 8.24v, the experimental data when the planar coil is closest to the rotor is 6.62v, and the peak value is 1.62 v. The peak-peak value 1.62v is the maximum voltage output variable quantity of the eddy current sensor, and the least square method fitting Linear equation is obtained by using the measured data of the standard Linear section during calibration of the eddy current sensor and the Linear fit.vi of LabVIEW
y＝6.11+0.91x (5)
This gives a slope of 0.91, which is also the sensitivity of the eddy current sensor, expressed mathematically as
Where Δ y is the sensor voltage output increment and Δ x is the rotor vibration displacement.
The maximum radial displacement of the corresponding axle center is 1.78mm according to the formula (6), which is enough to explain the severity of the rotor rubbing fault.
Further, the rotor vibration spectrum analysis specifically includes the following steps:
in order to accurately judge the fault vibration frequency, the detection signal is further analyzed on a frequency domain, the rotary mechanical vibration signal is a complex signal superposed by a plurality of excitation signals under most conditions and can be decomposed into a series of harmonic components, each harmonic component represents the response of corresponding frequency excitation in a linear system, and each harmonic component contains amplitude and phase characteristic quantity;
fig. 6 is a spectral analysis program designed using LabVIEW, which is weighted using a window function before fourier transforming the rotor vibration signal in order to reduce the leakage effect. Fig. 7 is a diagram of the analysis of the actual vibration spectrum, and we can clearly see that the fundamental frequency is the rotation frequency 39Hz of the rotor, and is completely consistent with the set rotation speed. The peak appears at 2 times of fundamental frequency (78Hz), which is one of important characteristic signals of the rotor rubbing, and shows that the axial vibration of the rotor is stronger than the radial vibration, thereby conforming to the characteristics of the comprehensive rubbing vibration fault in the experiment.
The rotor of the experiment table consists of an elastic shaft with relatively light weight and a disc arranged in the middle of the elastic shaft, and two ends of the rotor are supported by a non-deformable bearing and a bearing seat; the adoption of the basic structure can reduce the influence of other factors on the operation of the rotor so as to highlight the rubbing fault; in addition, from a large number of theoretical studies on rotor rub-impact, a rigidly supported single-disk rotor model is mostly used, the laboratory bench being designed as a plain bearing supported single-disk rotor system.
The detailed panel of the mechanical vibration detector is shown in fig. 8.
In the process of rotor rubbing, different running conditions and different rubbing degrees can cause different forms such as single-point local rubbing, multipoint local rubbing, whole circumference rubbing and the like; an experimental device for simulating the local rubbing condition of a single point is designed; the friction-resistant copper rod is adopted in the friction-resistant stator part to ensure that the rotor is not damaged; the copper bar is fixed on the bracket through the threaded hole so as to adjust the gap between the rotor and the stator through threaded connection, thereby simulating different degrees of rubbing; one end of the copper bar, which collides and rubs with the rotor, is processed into a spherical surface, and the copper bar and the rotor are guaranteed to collide and rub at a single point; the position of the rubbing is selected on the disc to protect the rotating shaft; in the experiment process, an eddy current sensor is required to acquire a vibration signal of the disc, and the experiment table is designed to be compact, so that the sensor support and the rubbing device are designed to be a whole in order to fully utilize the space, as shown in fig. 9.
The invention introduces the detection device technology into the fault detection system of the rotary machine, uses software and an eddy current sensor as a software and hardware platform to detect the vibration signal of the rotary machine, and analyzes and processes the time domain waveform, frequency spectrum, the movement track of the rotor axis and other comprehensive characteristic quantities of the vibration signal, thereby accurately judging the fault of the rotary machine; therefore, a rotating machinery fault detection system of the detection device is added, and compared with a traditional test instrument, the test precision is high.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a rotating machinery failure diagnosis test system, is the laboratory bench of the single disc rotor system of slide bearing supporting, and the laboratory bench comprises mounting panel, motor, single disc rotor, slide bearing, bump the mill device, the motor is installed on the mounting panel, slide bearing sets up at single disc rotor both ends, and slide bearing passes through the bearing frame and installs on the mounting panel, and wherein single disc rotor's one end and motor output shaft are connected, make motor output shaft, single disc rotor's pivot, slide bearing be located the same axis, bump the device setting of rubbing around single disc rotor, its characterized in that: the detection device is composed of an X-direction eddy current sensor, a Y-direction eddy current sensor, a data acquisition card and a computer, wherein the X-direction eddy current sensor and the Y-direction eddy current sensor are respectively arranged on one side of the single-disc rotor, so that the X-direction eddy current sensor and the Y-direction eddy current sensor on the same plane are perpendicular to each other, the X-direction eddy current sensor and the Y-direction eddy current sensor are connected with the data acquisition card, and the data acquisition card is communicated with the computer; the friction device is contacted with the single-disc rotor to form phase resistance so as to change signals collected by the X-direction eddy current sensor and the Y-direction eddy current sensor, and virtual simulator software is arranged in the computer to process and analyze data sent by the data collection card.
2. A rotary machine fault diagnostic test system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: bump and grind the device and constitute by bolt and fixing base, the fixing base is installed on the mounting panel, is located single disc rotor one side, is equipped with the through-hole on the fixing base, the bolt is installed in the through-hole, makes the directional and the axis coincidence of single disc rotor of bolt.
3. A method of operating a rotating machine fault diagnostic test system according to claim 1, characterized by: the working method is based on software in a technical machine and specifically comprises the following steps: the software design is established on a Windows XP system by using LabVIEW programming language, a parameter control data acquisition card on a front panel is arranged on a software platform for data acquisition, the acquired data is analyzed and processed by the software system, an AI Acquire waves functions are used in a program for simultaneously acquiring data transmitted by two sensors, and an Index Array function is used for respectively introducing two paths of signals; after the signals are filtered, the signals in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction are respectively sent to a Graph control to display a oscillogram, and the signals in the two directions are simultaneously superposed on an XY Graph control to be displayed, so that an axis locus diagram of the rotor can be obtained; and LabVIEW software is used for carrying out time domain and frequency domain waveform characteristic analysis on the signals, so that rubbing faults of the rotating machinery are identified and diagnosed, and the rubbing faults are mainly identified and diagnosed through time domain waveform characteristics of single-disk rotor rubbing vibration signals, single-disk rotor axis motion track parameters during rubbing vibration and vibration frequency spectrums.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the step of operating a rotating machine fault diagnostic test system comprises: the time domain waveform is a relation curve of vibration parameters changing along with time, when the rotary machine normally runs, the vibration signal time domain waveform under an ideal working condition is a smooth sinusoidal curve, and the vibration waveforms of the rotor in the X direction and the rotor in the Y direction are acquired by software in real time, as shown in figure 2, the rotor can be judged to be in dynamic and static rubbing according to the time domain waveform; high-frequency components are superposed on original sinusoidal signals in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction, the waveform is unstable, the vibration waveform in the Y-axis direction has obvious clipping, the waveform is distorted, the dynamic and static rubbing of a rotor is serious, particularly, the rotor in the Y-axis direction is more rubbed, and the displacement of the rotor is limited at the rubbing position in the direction, so that the peak of the vibration waveform disappears and becomes more flat; evidence indicates that the single disc rotor has entered a medium stage of wear; in order to explore the reason of the rubbing fault of the rotor, the motion trail parameters of the single-disc rotor axis during rubbing vibration are collected simultaneously, and the time domain waveform characteristics of the parameters are comprehensively analyzed.
5. A method of operating a rotating machine fault diagnostic test system according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: the method is characterized in that the parameters of the axis motion trail of the single-disc rotor during rubbing vibration are collected as follows:
a. characteristic of motion track of rotor axis
The characteristic axis locus of the axis motion locus of the single-disc rotor is obtained by simultaneously acquiring data by using an X-direction eddy current sensor and a Y-direction eddy current sensor which are perpendicular to each other in the same plane of a rotating shaft, and drawing a graph by using X-direction electric sensor data as an abscissa and Y-direction data as an ordinate through a code program of a software LabVIEW;
the reasons for the single-disc rotor to generate the whirling motion can be unbalance of the rotor, poor centering and collision and friction of dynamic and static; the whirling tracks caused by different reasons are different, so that the motion tracks of different rotor axes relative to the bearing seat are displayed; when the rotary machine normally runs, the time domain waveform of the vibration signal is a sine curve; let the mathematical expression of two mutually perpendicular sinusoidal signals be
x(t)＝Axcos(ωxt+φx)＝Axcos(2πfxt+φx) (1)
y(t)＝Aycos(ωyt+φy)＝Aycos(2πfyt+φy) (2)
When the frequencies of the two sinusoidal periodic signals are the same, i.e. fx＝fyThe trajectory is generally elliptical; is prepared from (1) and (2)
Measuring the axle center track of the rotor by applying XY Graph display Lissajous figure on a software platform, and judging the running state and the fault state of the rotor according to the axle center track; according to the theory of the lissajous figure, if two arrays in the X direction and the Y direction respectively change according to the sine rule, wherein the data point number, the amplitude and the frequency are assumed to be the same, and the two arrays are circular when the phase difference between the data point number, the amplitude and the frequency is equal to 90 degrees, so that the axle center running track is circular under the ideal working condition if the rotor has no rubbing fault; suppose Ax≠AyThat is, when the amplitudes of the rotor in the x direction and the y direction are not equal, the displayed graph is elliptical;
when the rotary machine has a vibration fault, the time domain waveform is distorted instead of a sine curve, so that the motion track of the axis is not circular;
analyzing the typical track graphs of the single-disc rotor in the running under different fault states, the rotor axis running track graphs after the noise elimination of the wavelet packet measured by experiments and the fault symptom table mapped by the typical track of the single-disc rotor axis, judging that the rotor has serious rubbing faults according to the time domain waveform of the rotor vibration, and showing the reason of generating the faults if the axis running track is marked; according to the Dalberg principle, the equation of motion of the rotor axis caused by the unbalance of the rotor is
Wherein m is the rotor mass, c is the internal and external damping coefficient when the rotor rotates, k is the bending rigidity of the shaft, zeta is the eccentricity of the rotor, and omega is the angular velocity of the rotor rotation;
b. measurement of rotor axis radial displacement
The single-disc rotor axis radial vibration displacement value is a digital quantity which is most intuitive for judging the severity degree of the rotor rub-impact fault; when the running rotor generates radial vibration, the distance between the surface of the running rotor and the eddy current sensor changes along with time, and the output voltage of the sensor also changes along with the change; LabVIEW program in application software can measure the minimum voltage value and the maximum voltage value of the rotor surface distance sensor, the peak value is the voltage extreme value of the rotor during radial vibration, and the corresponding non-electric quantity is the maximum radial displacement of the axis; when the running rotor generates radial collision and friction vibration, the output voltage of the eddy current sensor changes in direct proportion along the distance between the planar coil and the rotor;
detecting the output voltage of the planar coil of the eddy current sensor when the planar coil is farthest from the rotor by using the Amplitude and level.vi of LabVIEW in software, and displaying the voltage value of experimental data, wherein the experimental data when the planar coil is closest is the voltage value, and the peak-peak voltage value;
the peak-peak value is the maximum voltage output variable quantity of the eddy current sensor, and the least square method fitting Linear equation is obtained by using the measured data of the quasi-Linear section during calibration of the eddy current sensor and the Linear fit.vi of LabVIEW
y＝6.11+0.91x (5)
This gives a slope of 0.91, which is also the sensitivity of the eddy current sensor, expressed mathematically as
Wherein, Deltay is the voltage output increment of the sensor, and Deltax is the vibration displacement of the rotor;
the maximum radial displacement of the corresponding axle center can be obtained by the formula (6), which is enough to explain the severity of the rotor rubbing fault.
6. The method of claim 3, wherein the step of operating a rotating machine fault diagnostic test system comprises: the rotor vibration frequency spectrum analysis specifically comprises the following steps:
in order to accurately judge the fault vibration frequency, the detection signal is further analyzed on a frequency domain, the rotary mechanical vibration signal is a complex signal superposed by a plurality of excitation signals under most conditions and can be decomposed into a series of harmonic components, each harmonic component represents the response of corresponding frequency excitation in a linear system, and each harmonic component contains amplitude and phase characteristic quantity;
by utilizing a frequency spectrum analysis program designed by LabVIEW, in order to reduce the leakage effect, before Fourier transformation is carried out on a rotor vibration signal, a window function is used for weighting the rotor vibration signal, an actual vibration frequency spectrum analysis chart is analyzed, the fundamental frequency which is the rotation frequency of a rotor can be clearly seen, and the fundamental frequency is completely consistent with the set rotation speed; the peak appears at 2 times of fundamental frequency, which is one of important characteristic signals of the rotor, indicating that the axial vibration of the rotor is stronger than the radial vibration, and conforming to the characteristics of the comprehensive collision and friction vibration fault.
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