CN111649791B - Device and method for measuring multi-fluid water flow on water surface - Google Patents
Device and method for measuring multi-fluid water flow on water surface Download PDFInfo
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- CN111649791B CN111649791B CN202010560052.XA CN202010560052A CN111649791B CN 111649791 B CN111649791 B CN 111649791B CN 202010560052 A CN202010560052 A CN 202010560052A CN 111649791 B CN111649791 B CN 111649791B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/66—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by measuring frequency, phase shift or propagation time of electromagnetic or other waves, e.g. using ultrasonic flowmeters
- G01F1/661—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by measuring frequency, phase shift or propagation time of electromagnetic or other waves, e.g. using ultrasonic flowmeters using light
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/66—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by measuring frequency, phase shift or propagation time of electromagnetic or other waves, e.g. using ultrasonic flowmeters
- G01F1/662—Constructional details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/66—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by measuring frequency, phase shift or propagation time of electromagnetic or other waves, e.g. using ultrasonic flowmeters
- G01F1/663—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by measuring frequency, phase shift or propagation time of electromagnetic or other waves, e.g. using ultrasonic flowmeters by measuring Doppler frequency shift
Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for measuring multi-fluid water flow on a water surface, which comprises the following steps: an emitting head for emitting laser light; the energy focalizer is used for carrying out energy focusing on the laser, and the focused laser is emitted to a water body at a preset angle to generate reflected light, refracted light and scattered light; the reflecting cushion layer is used for reflecting the refracted light and generating the refracted light after the refracted light is reflected out of the water surface; a receiving head for receiving the reflected light, the refracted light, and the scattered light; the photoelectric converter is used for performing photoelectric conversion on the reflected light, the refracted light and the scattered light received by the receiving head to obtain a voltage signal; an A/D converter for converting the voltage signal into a digital signal; and the processor is used for receiving the digital signals, obtaining the frequency and the frequency difference of the selected light by utilizing the optical energy attenuation mathematical model and the approximation mathematical model, calculating the average flow velocity of the water body by utilizing the flow velocity frequency difference mathematical model according to the fact that the frequency difference and the flow velocity of the water body have a direct proportional relation, and calculating the flow according to the cross section area of the water flow.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of water body flow measurement, and particularly relates to a device and a method for measuring multi-flow water body flow on a water surface.
Background
The flow rate is an important parameter in the measurement processes of energy metering, environmental protection, transportation and the like. In recent decades, with the rapid development of economic society and the technological progress of China, fluid flow measurement methods are gradually increased, and it is obvious that the application number and types of flowmeters are increased rapidly, the measurement accuracy is higher and higher, and the measurement range of the flow is wider and wider. Meanwhile, the requirement on the measuring medium is reduced, and the intelligent degree and the reliability are greatly improved.
The existing flow meters in the market mainly comprise a pressure difference type flow meter, a float flow meter, a volumetric flow meter, a turbine flow meter, an electromagnetic flow meter, a vortex shedding flow meter, an ultrasonic flow meter, a Coriolis flow meter and the like, and the flow meters have different measurement principles and methods, different applicable measurement media and ranges and various advantages and disadvantages in measurement accuracy and simplicity and convenience. Because the measurement principles and methods of different flowmeters are different, the flowmeters have different purposes, and no flowmeter or flow measurement method is universal. Each flow meter is limited in use due to limitations of a measurement principle and a measurement method, adaptability to the type of a measurement medium, characteristics of the measurement medium and flow variation characteristics, adaptability to environmental conditions and the like.
Water is also a fluid and human measurement of water has a long history. From the measurement of residential water flow by the gulomains and river flow by the ancient egyptian to the measurement of agricultural irrigation flow and environmental protection ecological flow of irrigation areas in modern times, flow monitoring is required everywhere. At present, the flow measurement method of free flowing water mainly uses buildings, water measuring weirs, ultrasonic waves, radar waves, electromagnetic waves and other flow measurement methods, and most of flow meters for instruments and equipment mainly comprise ultrasonic flow meters, electromagnetic flow meters and radar flow velocity measuring and calculating instruments.
The electromagnetic flowmeter performs flow measurement according to a Faraday electromagnetic induction law, has higher precision, is greatly influenced by working conditions, is suitable for measuring the fluid flow of a pipeline, needs to be in contact with a medium, and is easy to reduce the measurement precision due to long-time scale and rusting; the radar flow velocity measuring and calculating instrument measures flow according to the Doppler frequency shift principle of reflected waves, is generally installed on a water surface, does not need to contact with a medium, but only can directly measure the flow velocity of the water surface (surface) to calculate the flow of water, and is low in precision and has requirements on fluid flow state.
The ultrasonic flow meter is divided into an ultrasonic flow rate meter and an ultrasonic water level meter according to the measurement principle. The ultrasonic flow velocity flowmeter also measures the flow by utilizing the Doppler frequency shift principle of reflected waves, a probe is required to be placed at the water bottom, the seepage prevention requirement is high, and the maintenance is inconvenient; the ultrasonic water level flowmeter calculates the flow rate by measuring the water level by utilizing the linear relation between the water level and the flow rate of a regular channel, has high requirement on the flow state of a water body (generally requires uniform flow), and has low precision.
Other flow meters, such as differential pressure flow meters, float flow meters, coriolis flow meters, etc., have different measurement methods, but measure flow mainly by using energy differences of the water body, and need to be in direct contact with the water body. Firstly, they are troublesome to install and inconvenient to maintain; secondly, the flow of water is blocked by part of the flow meters, so that pressure loss is easily caused; thirdly, the flowmeter is relatively precise and expensive, has high requirements on flow measuring conditions, and is not suitable for large-area popularization, and the flowmeter is mainly applied to the industrial field and is rarely used in the fields of agricultural irrigation and environmental protection.
According to the problems existing in the flow measurement method, the invention needs to invent a flow measurement method which is not contacted with water, can measure the actual average flow velocity (non-surface flow velocity) of water, has high measurement precision, low anti-seepage requirement and convenient maintenance and is suitable for large-area popularization.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention aims to provide a device and a method for measuring the flow of a multi-fluid water body on a water surface, which are used for solving the problems of low precision, inconvenient maintenance and high requirement on the flow in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the embodiment of the present invention is as follows:
in a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an apparatus for measuring a multi-fluid water flow rate on a water surface, including:
a transmitting head for transmitting laser light L1;
the energy focalizer is used for carrying out energy focusing on the laser L1, and emitting the laser L1 to the flowing water body at a preset angle after focusing, wherein the light generates reflected light L2 on the water surface of the water body, generates refracted light L3 in the water body and generates scattered light L4 in the water body;
the reflecting cushion layer is used for reflecting the refracted light L3 and generating refracted light L5 after the refracted light L3 is reflected out of the water surface;
a receiving head for receiving the reflected light L2, the refracted light L5, and the scattered light L4;
a photoelectric converter for performing photoelectric conversion on the reflected light L2, the refracted light L5, and the scattered light L4 received by the receiving head to obtain a voltage signal;
an A/D converter for converting the voltage signal into a digital signal;
and the processor is used for receiving the digital signals, obtaining the frequency and the frequency difference of the selected light by utilizing the optical energy attenuation mathematical model and the approximation mathematical model, calculating the average flow velocity of the water body by utilizing the flow velocity frequency difference mathematical model according to the fact that the frequency difference and the flow velocity of the water body have a direct proportional relation, and calculating the flow according to the cross section area of the water flow.
Furthermore, the frequency lambda of the laser L1 is between 400 and 700 nm.
Further, the predetermined angle θ is between 5 ° and 15 °.
Further, the reflecting cushion layer is made of a stainless steel plate.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for measuring a multi-fluid water flow rate on a water surface, the method being implemented in the apparatus recited in claim 1, and the method including:
the emitting head emits laser L1;
the energy focalizer focuses the energy of the laser L1, and the laser is emitted to the flowing water body at a preset angle after being focused, wherein the light generates reflected light L2 on the water surface of the water body, refracted light L3 in the water body and scattered light L4 generated by the water body;
reflecting the refracted light L3 by using a reflecting cushion layer, and generating refracted light L5 after the refracted light is reflected out of the water surface;
receiving reflected light L2, refracted light L5 and scattered light L4 by a receiving head;
performing photoelectric conversion on the reflected light L2, the refracted light L5 and the scattered light L4 received by the receiving head through a photoelectric converter to obtain a voltage signal;
converting the voltage signal into a digital signal by an A/D converter;
the processor receives the digital signal, obtains the frequency and the frequency difference of the selected light by using the optical energy attenuation mathematical model and the approximation mathematical model, calculates the average flow velocity of the water body by using the flow velocity frequency difference mathematical model according to the fact that the frequency difference and the flow velocity of the water body have a direct proportional relation, and calculates the flow according to the cross section area of the water section.
Furthermore, the frequency lambda of the laser L1 is between 400 and 700 nm.
Further, the predetermined angle θ is between 5 ° and 15 °.
Furthermore, when the photoelectric converter is used, the light intensity is converted into an unused voltage according to the light intensity, the frequency of the voltage is consistent with the frequency of the light, and the voltage is in direct proportion to the intensity of the received light.
Further, the optical energy attenuation mathematical model is as follows:
E(h)＝<E0×exp(-cH)>÷2 (1)
in the formula: e(h)The unit of the light energy after jumping out of the water surface is as follows: cd; e0The unit is the light energy of the incident water: cd; c is the comprehensive coefficient of energy attenuation of light in water, which is the sum of an absorption coefficient a and a scattering coefficient b; h is the length of refraction of light in water, unit: m; h- -water depth, unit: m; θ is the angle of light entering the water, unit: the degree of curvature.
Further, the approximating mathematical model is as follows:
0≤|u(h)|-|max(ui)|≤ε i＝1、2、3.....n, (3)
in the formula: u. of(h)In order to calculate the voltage corresponding to the light energy of the refracted light according to the attenuation mathematical model, the unit is: v; max (u)i) Maximum voltage for different path light, unit: v; epsilon is an error threshold value, and epsilon is less than or equal to 0.05.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the innovation points that:
1) and measuring the actual flow velocity of the water body by using laser with preset frequency and energy focusing to calculate the water body flow. Compared with the methods of ultrasonic wave or radar wave flow measurement and the like adopted by the existing flow velocity meter and the existing flow meter, the laser provided by the invention has the advantages of small external interference, stable performance, small attenuation in water, deep water penetration depth and high measurement precision after the intensity is improved.
2) According to the experimental result, firstly designing an attenuation mathematical model after the light turns back twice in the water, and calculating the light energy after jumping out of the water surface; an approximation mathematical model is designed to determine the desired light in the unused path light, resulting in the frequency of the light.
3) The invention measures the average flow velocity of the water body from the water surface, has low seepage-proofing requirement and convenient maintenance, and avoids the defects of high seepage-proofing requirement, unstable performance, inconvenient maintenance and easy silting and burying of the existing ultrasonic flow velocity meter and the like which need to be buried in the water body.
4) The invention measures the actual average flow velocity of various flow states of water bodies, not the flow velocity of the water surface (surface), has no requirement on the flow state of the water body, can measure the water bodies such as uniform flow, non-uniform flow and the like, and has very wide applicability and high precision. The existing radar current meter and the like are only limited to measuring the water surface current, the water body is assumed uniform flow, the measuring area is limited, the precision is low, and the applicability is narrow.
5) The measuring method is suitable for water bodies with the water depth of not more than 2 meters and the turbidity of less than 500.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a method for measuring multi-fluid water flow on a water surface according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a block diagram of an apparatus for measuring a multi-fluid water flow rate on a water surface according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following describes embodiments of the method of the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the present embodiment provides an apparatus for measuring a multi-fluid water flow rate on a water surface, including:
a transmitting head 1 for transmitting laser light L1;
the energy focalizer 2 is used for carrying out energy focusing on the laser L1, and emitting the laser L1 to the flowing water 4 at a preset angle after focusing, wherein the light generates reflected light L2 on the water surface of the water, generates refracted light L3 in the water and generates scattered light L4 in the water;
the reflecting cushion layer 3 is used for reflecting the refracted light L3 and generating refracted light L5 after reflecting the refracted light out of the water surface;
a receiving head 5 for receiving the reflected light L2, the refracted light L5, and the scattered light L4;
a photoelectric converter for performing photoelectric conversion on the reflected light L2, the refracted light L5, and the scattered light L4 received by the receiving head to obtain a voltage signal;
an A/D converter for converting the voltage signal into a digital signal;
and the processor is used for receiving the digital signals, obtaining the frequency and the frequency difference of the selected light by utilizing the optical energy attenuation mathematical model and the approximation mathematical model, calculating the average flow velocity of the water body by utilizing the flow velocity frequency difference mathematical model (the mature mathematical model) according to the direct proportional relation between the magnitude of the frequency difference and the flow velocity of the water body, and calculating the flow according to the cross section area of the water section.
In this embodiment, the frequency λ of the laser L1 is 400-700 nm, so as to ensure that the attenuation coefficient of light in water is small and the light can be reflected out of the water surface. The preset angle theta is between 5 and 15 degrees, so that the deviation intermediate lines of refracted light, reflected light and the like are small, and the receiving head can receive multiple paths of light rays with a small section.
The incident light energy is enhanced through the energy focalizer 2, the depth of the light which enters water is obviously increased, and strong light can be ensured to penetrate out of the water surface after the light enters more than 1 m deep water (containing impurities with certain concentration, common river water).
In this embodiment, the photoelectric converter converts the light intensity into a different voltage according to the light intensity, the frequency of the voltage is consistent with the frequency of the light, and the voltage level is in direct proportion to the intensity of the received light.
In this embodiment, the reflective cushion 3 is made of a stainless steel plate, and may have a specific size of 30cm by 30cm, and is fixed to the water bottom.
In this embodiment, a mathematical model of light energy attenuation after the light is turned back twice in water is designed, and the intensities of the lights (refraction and partial scattering) in different paths are accurately calculated according to the different attenuation of the energy of each path of light in water. According to the energy attenuation characteristic of light in water and the experimental result, fitting a mathematical model of attenuation after the light energy returns twice in the water, and calculating the light energy jumping out of the water surface.
The optical energy attenuation mathematical model is as follows:
E(h)＝<E0×exp(-cH)>÷2 (1)
in the formula: e(h)The unit of the light energy after jumping out of the water surface is as follows: cd; e0The unit is the light energy of the incident water: cd; c is the comprehensive coefficient of energy attenuation of light in water, which is the sum of an absorption coefficient a and a scattering coefficient b; h is the length of refraction of light in water, unit: m; h- -water depth, unit: m; θ is the angle of light entering the water, unit: the degree of curvature.
In this embodiment, an approximation mathematical model is designed, the intensity of the refracted light calculated by the optical energy attenuation mathematical model is used as a selection threshold, and the required light is determined and the frequency of the light is obtained in the light of the different paths.
The approximation mathematical model is as follows:
0≤|u(h)|-|max(ui)|≤ε i＝1、2、3.....n, (3)
in the formula: u. of(h)In order to calculate the voltage corresponding to the light energy of the refracted light according to the attenuation mathematical model, the unit is: v; max (u)i) Maximum voltage for different path light, unit: v; epsilon is an error threshold value, and epsilon is determined to be less than or equal to 0.05 according to experiments.
The light generates Doppler effect in flowing water, namely, the phenomenon that frequency difference (delta lambda) exists between the frequency of incident refracted light (lambda 1) (light determined by adopting an approximation data model) and the frequency (lambda) of emitted light, the frequency of the incident light and the frequency of the emitted light (lambda) are monitored, the change value of the frequency of the incident light and the frequency of the emitted light before and after the incident light have a certain proportional relation with the flow velocity of the water body, and the average flow velocity of the water body is calculated by utilizing a frequency difference flow velocity mathematical model (an existing mature mathematical model), so that the flow is calculated according to the cross section area of the water.
The present embodiment also provides a method for measuring multi-fluid water flow rate on the water surface, which is implemented in the apparatus of claim 1, and the method includes:
the emitter 1 emits laser light L1;
the energy focalizer 2 focuses the energy of the laser L1, and emits the laser L1 to the flowing water 4 at a preset angle after focusing, wherein the light generates reflected light L2 on the water surface of the flowing water 4, refracted light L3 in the water and scattered light L4 generated by the water;
reflecting the refracted light L3 by using the reflecting cushion layer 3, and generating refracted light L5 after reflecting the refracted light out of the water surface;
receiving the reflected light L2, the refracted light L5, and the scattered light L4 by the receiving head 5;
performing photoelectric conversion on the reflected light L2, the refracted light L5 and the scattered light L4 received by the receiving head through a photoelectric converter to obtain a voltage signal;
converting the voltage signal into a digital signal by an A/D converter;
the processor receives the digital signal, obtains the frequency and the frequency difference of the selected light by using the optical energy attenuation mathematical model and the approximation mathematical model, calculates the average flow velocity of the water body by using the flow velocity frequency difference mathematical model according to the fact that the frequency difference and the flow velocity of the water body have a direct proportional relation, and calculates the flow according to the cross section area of the water section.
The device and the method provided by the embodiment are mainly suitable for the water body with the water depth not more than 2 meters and the turbidity degree of the water body less than 500.
It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the present invention and are not to be taken as limiting the present invention, and the changes and modifications of the above embodiments are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. An apparatus for measuring multi-fluid water flow on a water surface, comprising:
a transmitting head for transmitting laser light L1;
the energy focalizer is used for carrying out energy focusing on the laser L1, and emitting the laser L1 to the flowing water body at a preset angle after focusing, wherein the light generates reflected light L2 on the water surface of the water body, generates refracted light L3 in the water body and generates scattered light L4 in the water body;
the reflecting cushion layer is used for reflecting the refracted light L3 and generating refracted light L5 after the refracted light L3 is reflected out of the water surface;
a receiving head for receiving the reflected light L2, the refracted light L5, and the scattered light L4;
a photoelectric converter for performing photoelectric conversion on the reflected light L2, the refracted light L5, and the scattered light L4 received by the receiving head to obtain a voltage signal;
an A/D converter for converting the voltage signal into a digital signal;
the processor is used for receiving the digital signals, obtaining the frequency and the frequency difference of the selected light by utilizing the optical energy attenuation mathematical model and the approximation mathematical model, calculating the average flow velocity of the water body by utilizing the flow velocity frequency difference mathematical model according to the fact that the frequency difference and the flow velocity of the water body have a direct proportional relation, and calculating the flow according to the cross section area of the water cross section;
wherein, the optical energy attenuation mathematical model is as follows:
E(h)＝<E0×exp(-cH)>÷2 (1)
in the formula: e(h)The unit of the light energy after jumping out of the water surface is as follows: cd; e0The unit is the light energy of the incident water: cd; c is the comprehensive coefficient of energy attenuation of light in water, which is the sum of an absorption coefficient a and a scattering coefficient b; h is the length of refraction of light in water, unit: m; h- -water depth, unit: m; θ is the angle of light entering the water, unit: a degree of curvature;
the approximation mathematical model is as follows:
0≤|u(h)|-|max(ui)|≤ε i＝1、2、3.....n, (3)
in the formula: u. of(h)In order to calculate the voltage corresponding to the light energy of the refracted light according to the light energy attenuation mathematical model, the unit is: v; max (u)i) Maximum voltage for different path light, unit: v; epsilon is an error threshold value, and epsilon is less than or equal to 0.05.
2. The device of claim 1, wherein the frequency λ of the laser L1 is 400-700 nm.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the predetermined angle θ is between 5 ° and 15 °.
4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the reflective backing layer is made of stainless steel.
5. A method for measuring multi-fluid water flow on a water surface, the method being implemented in the apparatus of claim 1, the method comprising:
the emitting head emits laser L1;
the energy focalizer focuses the energy of the laser L1, and the laser is emitted to the flowing water body at a preset angle after being focused, wherein the light generates reflected light L2 on the water surface of the water body, refracted light L3 in the water body and scattered light L4 generated by the water body;
reflecting the refracted light L3 by using a reflecting cushion layer, and generating refracted light L5 after the refracted light is reflected out of the water surface;
receiving reflected light L2, refracted light L5 and scattered light L4 by a receiving head;
performing photoelectric conversion on the reflected light L2, the refracted light L5 and the scattered light L4 received by the receiving head through a photoelectric converter to obtain a voltage signal;
converting the voltage signal into a digital signal by an A/D converter;
the processor receives the digital signal, obtains the frequency and the frequency difference of the selected light by using the optical energy attenuation mathematical model and the approximation mathematical model, calculates the average flow velocity of the water body by using the flow velocity frequency difference mathematical model according to the fact that the frequency difference and the flow velocity of the water body have a direct proportional relation, and calculates the flow according to the cross section area of the water section;
wherein, the optical energy attenuation mathematical model is as follows:
E(h)＝<E0×exp(-cH)>÷2 (1)
in the formula: e(h)The unit of the light energy after jumping out of the water surface is as follows: cd; e0The unit is the light energy of the incident water: cd; c is the comprehensive coefficient of energy attenuation of light in water, which is the sum of an absorption coefficient a and a scattering coefficient b; h is the length of refraction of light in water, unit: m; h- -water depth, unit: m; θ is the angle of light entering the water, unit: a degree of curvature;
the approximation mathematical model is as follows:
0≤|u(h)|-|max(ui)|≤ε i＝1、2、3.....n, (3)
in the formula: u. of(h)In order to calculate the voltage corresponding to the light energy of the refracted light according to the light energy attenuation mathematical model, the unit is: v; max (u)i) Maximum voltage for different path light, unit: v; epsilon is an error threshold value, and epsilon is less than or equal to 0.05.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the frequency λ of the laser L1 is 400-700 nm.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein the predetermined angle θ is between 5 ° and 15 °.
8. The method of claim 5, wherein the light is converted to a different voltage according to the intensity of the light, the frequency of the voltage is consistent with the frequency of the light, and the voltage level is proportional to the intensity of the received light.
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