CN111648847A - 发电机组尾气净化装置 - Google Patents

发电机组尾气净化装置 Download PDF

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CN111648847A
CN111648847A CN202010474573.3A CN202010474573A CN111648847A CN 111648847 A CN111648847 A CN 111648847A CN 202010474573 A CN202010474573 A CN 202010474573A CN 111648847 A CN111648847 A CN 111648847A
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pipeline
atomizing nozzle
flue gas
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晏国云
杜剑峰
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MPMC POWERTECH CORP
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F01N3/28Construction of catalytic reactors
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种发电机组尾气净化装置,第一烟气管道与SCR催化器的进气口连接,第二烟气管道与SCR催化器的出气口连接,黑烟过滤净化装置和雾化喷嘴安装在第一烟气管道上且雾化喷嘴沿烟气流动方向位于黑烟过滤净化装置的下游,流量计和第一氮氧化合物传感器安装在第一烟气管道上且位于黑烟过滤净化装置与雾化喷嘴之间,喷射泵与雾化喷嘴通过管路连接,尿素溶液存储罐与喷射泵通过管路连接,空气压缩机与雾化喷嘴通过管路连接,流量计和第一氮氧化合物传感器与控制器连接,流量计和第一氮氧化合物传感器将检测信号传输至控制器并通过控制器控制空气压缩机和喷射泵的运行。本发明能够减少尾气中氮氧化合物和黑烟颗粒物的排放,具有良好的降噪效果。

Description

发电机组尾气净化装置
技术领域
本发明属于尾气处理的技术领域,特别是涉及一种发电机组尾气净化装置。
背景技术
柴油发电机组是一种中小型的发电设备,以柴油机为原动机带动发电机发电的动力机械。柴油机尾气是指柴油发动机燃烧柴油后喷出的尾气,尾气中含有不同的化合物,这种气体排放物不仅气味怪异,而且令人头昏、恶心,影响人的身体健康。柴油机尾气污染物催化净化原理、方法和技术的研究是当今世界环境保护领域的热门和难点课题之一,随着环保法规的日趋严格,柴油机尾气污染物对环境的污染和对人体健康的危害越来越受到人们的重视。
现有的柴油发电机组的尾气通过烟气管道进行排放,烟气管道搭载普通的消音器进行降噪。现有的尾气排放结构主要存在以下方面的问题:第一,排放的尾气中氮氧化合物超标;第二,柴油发电机组在启动初期,由于气缸内存有少量残余柴油,且启动时柴油不完全燃烧,会产生大量的黑烟颗粒物排出;第三,现有机组消音器降噪效果不明显,且消音器会占有较大空间。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种发电机组尾气净化装置,减少尾气中氮氧化合物和黑烟颗粒物的排放,避免使用专门的消音器且能够达到良好的降噪效果。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是提供一种发电机组尾气净化装置,包括第一烟气管道和第二烟气管道,所述第一烟气管道一端与发电机组尾气口连接,还包括黑烟过滤净化装置、流量计、第一氮氧化合物传感器、雾化喷嘴、喷射泵、尿素溶液存储罐、SCR催化器、空气压缩机和控制器,所述第一烟气管道的另一端与SCR催化器的进气口连接,所述第二烟气管道的一端与SCR催化器的出气口连接,所述黑烟过滤净化装置和雾化喷嘴安装在第一烟气管道上且所述雾化喷嘴沿烟气流动方向位于黑烟过滤净化装置的下游,所述流量计和第一氮氧化合物传感器安装在第一烟气管道上且位于黑烟过滤净化装置与雾化喷嘴之间,所述喷射泵与雾化喷嘴通过管路连接,所述尿素溶液存储罐与喷射泵通过管路连接,所述空气压缩机与雾化喷嘴通过管路连接,所述流量计和第一氮氧化合物传感器与控制器连接,所述流量计和第一氮氧化合物传感器将检测信号传输至控制器并通过控制器控制空气压缩机和喷射泵的运行。
所述黑烟过滤净化装置具有DPF陶瓷滤芯。
所述流量计安装在第一氮氧化合物传感器的上游。
所述第一烟气管道上靠近SCR催化器进气口的位置安装有第一温度传感器,所述第二烟气管道上靠近SCR催化器出气口的位置安装有第二温度传感器,所述第一温度传感器和第二温度传感器分别与控制器连接。
所述空气压缩机与雾化喷嘴之间的管路上设有空气滤清器。
所述尿素溶液存储罐与喷射泵的进液接口之间的管路上设有溶液滤清器。
有益效果
第一,在本发明中,尾气从发电机组排出后经过黑烟过滤净化装置处理,能够对黑烟颗粒物进行有效的截留吸附,从而能够解决发电机组启动时黑烟排放的问题。
第二,在本发明中,通过尿素喷射系统能够向烟气管道内喷雾尿素溶液,利用烟气管道内的高温发生水解和热解反应生成SCR催化器催化还原所需的还原剂NH3,并在SCR催化器中与尾气中所含有的氮氧化合物进行选择性还原反应生成无害的氮气和水,能够有效降低尾气中氮氧化合物排放。另外,在该过程中,利用流量计和第一氮氧化合物传感器对尾气的流量以及氮氧化合物浓度进行检测并反馈到控制系统,控制系统通过控制空气压缩机和喷射泵能够对尿素的雾化喷射量进行控制,从而能够对还原剂NH3的生成量进行控制,避免因氨气产生过多造成的二次污染。
第三,本发明通过向烟气管道内喷雾,既能够达到火星熄灭的功能,同时能够对尾气进行降温,避免高温尾气排放所造成的热污染。
第四,在本发明中,黑烟过滤净化装置和SCR催化器均为微孔芯结构,能够发挥良好的吸音降噪的功能,避免了需要搭载专门的消声器。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构示意图。
图2为本发明的原理图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例,进一步阐述本发明。应理解,这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。此外应理解,在阅读了本发明讲授的内容之后,本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改,这些等价形式同样落于本申请所附权利要求书所限定的范围。
如图1所示的一种发电机组尾气净化装置,包括第一烟气管道1、第二烟气管道2、黑烟过滤净化装置3、流量计4、第一氮氧化合物传感器5、雾化喷嘴6、喷射泵7、尿素溶液存储罐8、SCR催化器9、空气压缩机10和控制器11。
第一烟气管道1的一端与发电机组尾气口连接,另一端与SCR催化器9的进气口连接。第二烟气管道2的一端与SCR催化器9的出气口连接,另一端为尾气排出口。
在第一烟气管道1上,沿烟气的流动方向,依次安装有黑烟过滤净化装置3、流量计4、第一氮氧化合物传感器5和雾化喷嘴6。
黑烟过滤净化装置3采用DPF(颗粒捕捉器)陶瓷滤芯,能有效拦截废气中的颗粒物,特别是湿颗粒,颗粒物(PM)去除效率95%以上,降低颗粒物的排放,解决发电机组启动时的黑烟排放问题。
喷射泵7与雾化喷嘴6通过管路连接,雾化喷嘴6的喷射口位于第一烟气管道1内部,用于向第一烟气管道1内部喷射雾尿素溶液。尿素溶液存储罐8用于储存尿素溶液,尿素溶液存储罐8通过管路与喷射泵7的进液接口连接,喷射泵7的回流接口通过管路连接到尿素溶液存储罐8。喷射泵7是尿素喷射系统的动力元件,作用是当柴油机正常工作时,将尿素溶液从尿素溶液存储罐8中吸入,当柴油机工作停止时,将管路和雾化喷嘴6中的尿素溶液回流至尿素溶液存储罐8中。空气压缩机10与雾化喷嘴6通过管路连接,管路上设有空气滤清器,用于提供雾化喷嘴6在喷雾过程中所需的空气。以上结构即对应图2中所示的尿素喷射系统。
SCR催化器9为现有产品的直接应用。SCR催化器9在工作时,使用氨气作为还原剂。通过向尾气中喷入适量的尿素水溶液,尿素液滴在高温废气作用下发生水解和热解反应,生成所需要的还原剂(NH3)。氨气在SCR催化器9内的催化剂作用下,与尾气中的氮氧化合物进行反应,最终生成对大气无害的氮气和水排放到外界环境中。尿素溶液在高温烟气管道(>180℃)中雾化蒸发,发生热裂解生成氨气和异氰酸,接着,异氰酸进一步与水发生反应生成氨气和二氧化碳,主要反应如下:
(NH2)2CO→HNCO+NH3
HNCO+H2O→CO2+NH3
流量计4和第一氮氧化合物传感器5与控制器11连接,流量计4和第一氮氧化合物传感器5检测第一烟气管道1内的尾气流量和氨氮化合物的浓度,将检测信号传输至控制器11并,通过控制器11控制空气压缩机10和喷射泵7的运行,能够对尿素的雾化喷射量进行控制,从而能够对还原剂NH3的生成量进行控制,避免因氨气产生过多造成的二次污染。
第一烟气管道1上靠近SCR催化器9进气口的位置安装有第一温度传感器12,第二烟气管道2上靠近SCR催化器9出气口的位置安装有第二温度传感器13,第一温度传感器12和第二温度传感器13分别与控制器11连接。控制器11上设有显示屏,用于显示尾气流量、催化还原处理前后的氮氧化合物的浓度以及前后温度,方便工作人员对整个系统进行观察和调试。

Claims (6)

1.一种发电机组尾气净化装置,包括第一烟气管道(1)和第二烟气管道(2),所述第一烟气管道(1)一端与发电机组尾气口连接,其特征在于:还包括黑烟过滤净化装置(3)、流量计(4)、第一氮氧化合物传感器(5)、雾化喷嘴(6)、喷射泵(7)、尿素溶液存储罐(8)、SCR催化器(9)、空气压缩机(10)和控制器(11),所述第一烟气管道(1)的另一端与SCR催化器(9)的进气口连接,所述第二烟气管道(2)的一端与SCR催化器(9)的出气口连接,所述黑烟过滤净化装置(3)和雾化喷嘴(6)安装在第一烟气管道(1)上且所述雾化喷嘴(6)沿烟气流动方向位于黑烟过滤净化装置(3)的下游,所述流量计(4)和第一氮氧化合物传感器(5)安装在第一烟气管道(1)上且位于黑烟过滤净化装置(3)与雾化喷嘴(6)之间,所述喷射泵(7)与雾化喷嘴(6)通过管路连接,所述尿素溶液存储罐(8)与喷射泵(7)通过管路连接,所述空气压缩机(10)与雾化喷嘴(6)通过管路连接,所述流量计(4)和第一氮氧化合物传感器(5)与控制器(11)连接,所述流量计(4)和第一氮氧化合物传感器(5)将检测信号传输至控制器(11)并通过控制器(11)控制空气压缩机(10)和喷射泵(7)的运行。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种发电机组尾气净化装置,其特征在于:所述黑烟过滤净化装置(3)具有DPF陶瓷滤芯。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种发电机组尾气净化装置,其特征在于:所述流量计(4)安装在第一氮氧化合物传感器(5)的上游。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种发电机组尾气净化装置,其特征在于:所述第一烟气管道(1)上靠近SCR催化器(9)进气口的位置安装有第一温度传感器(12),所述第二烟气管道(2)上靠近SCR催化器(9)出气口的位置安装有第二温度传感器(13),所述第一温度传感器(12)和第二温度传感器(13)分别与控制器(11)连接。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种发电机组尾气净化装置,其特征在于:所述空气压缩机(10)与雾化喷嘴(6)之间的管路上设有空气滤清器。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种发电机组尾气净化装置,其特征在于:所述尿素溶液存储罐(8)与喷射泵(7)的进液接口之间的管路上设有溶液滤清器。
CN202010474573.3A 2020-05-29 2020-05-29 发电机组尾气净化装置 Pending CN111648847A (zh)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113551722A (zh) * 2021-08-31 2021-10-26 山东新凌志检测技术有限公司 一种用于机动车环检站的带有尾气净化功能的流量计

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113551722A (zh) * 2021-08-31 2021-10-26 山东新凌志检测技术有限公司 一种用于机动车环检站的带有尾气净化功能的流量计

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