CN111647825B - Second phase control method of nuclear power stainless steel medium plate - Google Patents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/001—Austenite
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Abstract
The invention relates to a second phase control method of a stainless steel medium plate for nuclear power, which comprises the steps of preparing a stainless steel medium plate for nuclear power from a stainless steel raw material through the working procedures of die casting → electroslag → forging → rolling → heat treatment, wherein in the working procedure of forging, the heat preservation temperature of a blank is 1230 +/-10 ℃, the total heating time is more than or equal to 100 hours, the blank is placed into a cooling water tank for cooling after the blank is manufactured, and the temperature of the cooling water is less than or equal to 50 ℃; and (2) after the rolling procedure, carrying out layer cooling on the steel plate, cooling the steel plate to be below 100 ℃ within 60s, then carrying out a heat treatment procedure, wherein in the heat treatment procedure, the steel plate is heated to 1060 +/-10 ℃ in an annealing furnace at a heating speed of 50 ℃/h, then carrying out heat preservation for more than or equal to 60min, after the heat preservation is finished, conveying the steel plate to a quenching machine within 60s, and cooling the steel plate by using maximum water pressure and water flow for more than or equal to 10 min. The method can eliminate the sigma phase in the nuclear power stainless steel medium plate to ensure the uniformity of the mechanical property of the nuclear power stainless steel medium plate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metallurgy, and particularly relates to a second phase control method of a nuclear power stainless steel medium plate.
Background
Nuclear power plants are power plants that use reactors to convert the energy produced by the fission of nuclear fuel into electrical energy. The nuclear power plant consists of a nuclear island (mainly comprising a reactor and a steam generator), a conventional island (mainly comprising a steam turbine and a generator) and supporting facilities. With the rapid development of the nuclear power industry, austenitic stainless steel is more and more widely applied to the construction of the most critical reactor vessel and structural member of a nuclear power station due to the excellent corrosion resistance and mechanical property of austenitic stainless steel. In order to ensure safe and long-term stable operation of the nuclear power station, extremely strict requirements are provided for the purity, the structure, the mechanical property, the uniformity and the like of the austenitic stainless steel plate for the nuclear power station.
316 austenitic stainless steel is generally used in a nuclear power plant, the 316 austenitic stainless steel is more corrosion-resistant stainless steel developed on the basis of 304 stainless steel, more than 2.0 percent of Mo element is added into the steel, and a certain content of high-temperature ferrite is remained in solidified blanks; in addition, the stainless steel plate for the nuclear power station has a thickness of 40-90 mm, the single weight is more than 7 tons, and in order to ensure the stable performance of the steel plate, the stainless steel plate is usually produced by a manufacturing process of die casting, electroslag, forging and rolling, wherein the diameter of an electroslag ingot is up to 1000mm, and the cooling speed is slow, so that the content of residual high-temperature ferrite from the electroslag ingot to the center is 12-20%, for example, as shown in fig. 1. High temperature ferrite is very prone to form sigma phase in the manufacturing of medium plate, as shown for example in fig. 2. The mechanical properties of the steel sheet such as impact energy, tensile strength, yield strength, etc. are seriously affected as the sigma phase increases.
Therefore, it is an urgent technical problem to be solved by those skilled in the art to develop a method for controlling the second phase of a nuclear power stainless steel medium plate, so as to eliminate the σ phase in the stainless steel medium plate and ensure the uniformity of the mechanical properties.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a second phase control method of a nuclear power stainless steel medium plate, and aims to eliminate a sigma phase in the nuclear power stainless steel medium plate so as to ensure the uniformity of the mechanical property of the nuclear power stainless steel medium plate.
The second phase control method of the stainless steel medium plate for nuclear power comprises the following steps of preparing a stainless steel raw material into the stainless steel medium plate for nuclear power through the working procedures of die casting → electroslag → forging → rolling → heat treatment, wherein:
in the forging process of forging the electroslag ingot into the blank, the heat preservation temperature of the blank is controlled to be 1230 +/-10 ℃, the total heating time is controlled to be more than or equal to 100 hours, the blank is placed into a cooling water pool for cooling after the blank manufacturing is finished, and the temperature of the cooling water is controlled to be less than or equal to 50 ℃;
and (2) after the rolling procedure, carrying out layer cooling on the steel plate, cooling the steel plate to be below 100 ℃ within 60s, then carrying out a heat treatment procedure, wherein in the heat treatment procedure, the steel plate is heated to 1060 +/-10 ℃ in an annealing furnace, the heating speed is controlled to be 50 ℃/h, then carrying out heat preservation, the heat preservation time is controlled to be more than or equal to 60min, after the heat preservation is finished, the steel plate is conveyed into a quenching machine within 60s, cooling the steel plate by using maximum water pressure and water flow, and the cooling time is controlled to be more than or equal to 10 min.
As a specific implementation mode, in the second phase control method of the nuclear power stainless steel medium plate, the stainless steel raw material comprises the following main components in percentage by mass: less than or equal to 0.08 percent, Si: less than or equal to 0.75 percent, Mn: less than or equal to 2.00 percent, P: less than or equal to 0.020%, S: less than or equal to 0.030 percent, Cr: 16.0 to 18.0%, Ni: 10.0 to 14.0%, Mo: 2.00-3.00%, N: less than or equal to 0.10 percent.
In a specific embodiment, in the second phase control method for a nuclear power stainless steel medium plate, in the electroslag step, the size of an electroslag ingot formed by casting is controlled to be 1000mm in diameter × 1050mm in height; in the forging process, the specification of a blank formed by forging the electroslag ingot is controlled to be 300mm in thickness, 2500mm in width and 1100mm in length, and the total heating time is controlled to be 110 h; in the rolling process, the specification of the steel plate rolled by the blank is 65mm in thickness, 3000mm in width and 8000mm in length; in the heat treatment process, a steel plate is heated in an annealing furnace at a heating speed of 50 ℃/h for 21h, then heat preservation is carried out, the heat preservation time is controlled to be 70min, the steel plate is conveyed to a quenching machine within 40s after the heat preservation is finished, the steel plate is cooled, the water pressure in the quenching machine is controlled to be 0.8MPa, the water quantity ratio is controlled to be 1.25-1.39, and the cooling time is controlled to be 15 min.
Preferably, the electric stainless steel medium plate in the second phase control method of a nuclear power stainless steel medium plate is a 316 austenitic stainless steel medium plate.
The second phase control method of the nuclear power stainless steel medium plate particularly controls the heating temperature of a steel plate blank in the production process to be 1230 +/-10 ℃, the total heating time to be not less than 100h, the steel plate is rapidly cooled to be below 100 ℃ after being rolled, the temperature range of a heat treatment furnace is 1060 +/-10 ℃, the heating speed is 50 ℃/h, the heat preservation time is not less than 60min, the strength of cooling water of a quenching machine and the like, thereby effectively solving the problem of residual high-temperature ferrite in the production process of the nuclear power stainless steel medium plate, effectively controlling the sigma phase problem in the medium plate, enabling the mechanical properties of the steel plate in the length direction and the thickness direction to be uniform, and completely meeting the use requirements of the nuclear power stainless steel medium plate.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a prior art drawing of the morphology of ferrite in an 316 austenitic stainless steel electroslag ingot;
FIG. 2 is a scanning electron micrograph of the tissue within a steel plate produced using a prior art process;
FIG. 3 is a scanning electron microscope image of the internal structure of a steel plate manufactured by the second phase control method of a nuclear power stainless steel medium plate according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the specific embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely a few embodiments of the invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The stainless steel medium plate for nuclear power is a stainless steel plate with the thickness of 40-90 mm, and comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass (%):
main elements: less than or equal to 0.08 percent of C, less than or equal to 0.75 percent of Si, less than or equal to 2.00 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.020 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.030 percent of S, 16.0-18.0 percent of Cr, 10.0-14.0 percent of Ni, 2.00-3.00 percent of Mo, and less than or equal to 0.1 percent of N;
impurity elements: total oxygen T [ O ] less than 30ppm, H less than 2ppm, Al less than or equal to 0.03%, Sb less than or equal to 0.001%, Pb less than or equal to 0.001%, Se less than or equal to 0.015%, Sn less than 0.002%, V less than 0.05%, Zn less than 0.01%, As less than 0.01%, Co less than 0.06%, and the total of five-harmful elements (As + Sb + Bi + Sn + Pb) less than or equal to 0.1%;
the balance being Fe.
In order to meet the chemical composition requirements of the nuclear power stainless steel medium plate and effectively eliminate the sigma phase in the nuclear power stainless steel medium plate so as to ensure the uniformity of the mechanical property, the second phase control method of the nuclear power stainless steel medium plate comprises the following process steps:
the main components in percentage by mass are C: less than or equal to 0.08 percent, Si: less than or equal to 0.75 percent, Mn: less than or equal to 2.00 percent, P: less than or equal to 0.020%, S: less than or equal to 0.030 percent, Cr: 16.0 to 18.0%, Ni: 10.0 to 14.0%, Mo: 2.00-3.00%, N: stainless steel raw materials less than or equal to 0.10 percent are made into the stainless steel medium plate for nuclear power through the working procedures of die casting → electroslag → forging → rolling → heat treatment, wherein:
in the forging process of forging the electroslag ingot into the blank, the heat preservation temperature of the blank is controlled to be 1230 +/-10 ℃, the total heating time is controlled to be more than or equal to 100 hours, the blank is placed into a cooling water pool for cooling after the blank manufacturing is finished, and the temperature of the cooling water is controlled to be less than or equal to 50 ℃;
and (2) after the rolling procedure, performing layer cooling on the steel plate, cooling the steel plate to be below 100 ℃ within 60s, and then performing a heat treatment procedure, wherein in the heat treatment procedure, the steel plate is heated to 1060 +/-10 ℃ in an annealing furnace, the heating speed is controlled to be 50 ℃/h, then the heat is preserved, the heat preservation time is controlled to be not less than 60min, after the heat preservation is finished, the steel plate is conveyed into a quenching machine within 60s, the steel plate is cooled by using the maximum water pressure and water flow, and the cooling time is controlled to be not less than 10 min.
By implementing the second phase control method of the nuclear power stainless steel medium plate according to the present invention, a scanning electron microscope image of the structure in the nuclear power stainless steel medium plate is shown in fig. 3, and the precipitation of the high-temperature ferrite phase and the σ phase is eliminated.
In addition, the mechanical properties of the steel sheet in the thickness direction and the length direction were measured by tensile test and impact test, respectively, and the results are shown in tables 1 and 2 below:
TABLE 1 test of mechanical Properties in the thickness and length directions of Steel sheet (tensile test)
TABLE 2 testing of mechanical properties in the thickness and length directions of the steel sheet (impact test)
It can be seen that the stainless steel medium plate for nuclear power processed by the second phase control method for the stainless steel medium plate for nuclear power of the invention has the impact work fluctuation of the head and the tail of the steel plate not more than 30J, and the tensile strength fluctuation of the upper thickness 1/4 and the lower thickness 1/4 of the head of the steel plate and the tensile strength fluctuation of the upper thickness 1/4 and the lower thickness 1/4 of the tail of the steel plate are not more than 30 Mpa.
Therefore, the second phase control method of the nuclear power stainless steel medium plate particularly controls the heating temperature of the steel plate blank in the production process to be 1230 +/-10 ℃, the total heating time to be not less than 100h, the steel plate is rapidly cooled to be below 100 ℃ after being rolled, the temperature range of a heat treatment furnace is 1060 +/-10 ℃, the heating speed is 50 ℃/h, the heat preservation time is not less than 60min, the strength of cooling water of a quenching machine and the like, thereby effectively solving the problem of high-temperature ferrite remained in the production process of the nuclear power stainless steel medium plate, effectively controlling the sigma phase problem in the medium plate, enabling the mechanical properties of the steel plate in the length direction and the thickness direction to be uniform, and completely meeting the use requirements of the nuclear power stainless steel medium plate.
The second phase control method of the nuclear power stainless steel medium plate according to the present invention will be described with reference to the following embodiments.
Example 1
The implementation of the second phase control method of the nuclear power stainless steel medium plate in the embodiment 1 is as follows:
the main components in percentage by mass are C: less than or equal to 0.08 percent, Si: less than or equal to 0.75 percent, Mn: less than or equal to 2.00 percent, P: less than or equal to 0.020%, S: less than or equal to 0.030 percent, Cr: 16.0 to 18.0%, Ni: 10.0 to 14.0%, Mo: 2.00-3.00%, N: the 316 austenitic stainless steel medium plate for nuclear power is prepared by the working procedures of die casting → electroslag → forging → rolling → heat treatment of a 316 austenitic stainless steel raw material which is less than or equal to 0.10 percent, wherein:
in the electroslag process, the specification of an electroslag ingot formed by casting is controlled to be 1000mm in diameter and 1050mm in height;
the specification of the blank formed by forging the electroslag ingot in the forging process is 300mm in thickness, 2500mm in width and 1100mm in length, the heat preservation temperature of the blank in the forging process is controlled to be 1230 +/-10 ℃, the total heating time is 110 hours, the blank is placed into a cooling water tank for cooling after the blank manufacturing is finished, and the temperature of the cooling water is controlled to be less than or equal to 50 ℃;
in the rolling process, the blank is rolled into a 316 austenitic stainless steel plate for nuclear power with the specification of 65mm in thickness, 3000mm in width and 8000mm in length, the steel plate enters layer cooling after the rolling is finished, and the temperature of the steel plate is cooled to be below 100 ℃ within 60 s;
in the heat treatment process, the steel plate is heated in an annealing furnace at a heating speed of 50 ℃/h for 21h, then heat preservation is carried out at the temperature of 1060 +/-10 ℃, the heat preservation time is controlled to be 70min, after the heat preservation is finished, the steel plate is conveyed to a quenching machine within 40s to be cooled, the water pressure in the quenching machine is controlled to be 0.8MPa, the water quantity ratio is controlled to be 1.25-1.39, and the cooling time is controlled to be 15 min.
It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or alterations do not depart from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. A second phase control method of a nuclear power stainless steel medium plate comprises the steps of manufacturing a nuclear power stainless steel medium plate by a stainless steel raw material through the working procedures of die casting → electroslag → forging → rolling → heat treatment, and is characterized in that:
in the forging process of forging the electroslag ingot into the blank, the heat preservation temperature of the blank is controlled to be 1230 +/-10 ℃, the total heating time is controlled to be more than or equal to 100 hours, the blank is placed into a cooling water pool for cooling after the blank manufacturing is finished, and the temperature of the cooling water is controlled to be less than or equal to 50 ℃; and
after the rolling procedure, the steel plate enters layer cooling, the temperature of the steel plate is cooled to be below 100 ℃ within 60s, then the heat treatment procedure is carried out, in the heat treatment procedure, the steel plate is heated to 1060 +/-10 ℃ in an annealing furnace, the heating speed is controlled to be 50 ℃/h, then heat preservation is carried out, the heat preservation time is controlled to be not less than 60min, after the heat preservation is finished, the steel plate is conveyed to a quenching machine within 60s to be cooled, the water pressure in the quenching machine is controlled to be 0.8MPa, the water quantity ratio is controlled to be 1.25-1.39, and the cooling time is controlled to be not less than 10 min;
the stainless steel comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: less than or equal to 0.08 percent, Si: less than or equal to 0.75 percent, Mn: less than or equal to 2.00 percent, P: less than or equal to 0.020%, S: less than or equal to 0.030 percent, Cr: 16.0 to 18.0%, Ni: 10.0 to 14.0%, Mo: 2.00-3.00%, N: less than or equal to 0.10 percent; the balance of Fe and impurity elements.
2. The second phase control method of the nuclear power stainless steel medium plate according to claim 1, characterized in that:
in the electroslag process, the specification of an electroslag ingot formed by casting is controlled to be 1000mm in diameter and 1050mm in height;
in the forging process, the specification of a blank formed by forging the electroslag ingot is controlled to be 300mm in thickness, 2500mm in width and 1100mm in length, and the total heating time is controlled to be 110 h;
in the rolling process, the specification of the steel plate rolled by the blank is 65mm in thickness, 3000mm in width and 8000mm in length;
in the heat treatment process, the steel plate is heated in an annealing furnace at a heating speed of 50 ℃/h for 21h, then heat preservation is carried out, the heat preservation time is controlled to be 70min, after the heat preservation is finished, the steel plate is conveyed to a quenching machine within 40s to be cooled, and the cooling time is controlled to be 15 min.
3. The second phase control method of a nuclear power stainless steel medium plate according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that the nuclear power stainless steel medium plate is a 316 austenitic stainless steel medium plate.
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