CN111646787A - Chemical formula of antibacterial and bactericidal ceramic - Google Patents
Chemical formula of antibacterial and bactericidal ceramic Download PDFInfo
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- CN111646787A CN111646787A CN202010594665.5A CN202010594665A CN111646787A CN 111646787 A CN111646787 A CN 111646787A CN 202010594665 A CN202010594665 A CN 202010594665A CN 111646787 A CN111646787 A CN 111646787A
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- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 100
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-diazinane-5-carboximidamide Chemical compound CN1CC(C(N)=N)C(=O)NC1=O IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910021532 Calcite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229920002101 Chitin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- ZJRXSAYFZMGQFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium peroxide Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-][O-] ZJRXSAYFZMGQFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- HDMGAZBPFLDBCX-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;sulfooxy sulfate Chemical compound [K+].OS(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O HDMGAZBPFLDBCX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 235000010413 sodium alginate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229940005550 sodium alginate Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000661 sodium alginate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical group NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005524 ceramic coating Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007602 hot air drying Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004342 Benzoyl peroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzoylperoxide Chemical group C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019400 benzoyl peroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000391 smoking effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses an antibacterial bactericidal ceramic chemical formula, which comprises the steps of taking potassium hydrogen persulfate, chitin, chitosan acetic acid and sodium alginate, fully mixing and stirring, and grinding by using a ball mill to prepare a nano-scale composite material; stirring and mixing the obtained nano-scale composite material with styrene-acrylate copolymer emulsion and pure acrylate copolymer emulsion, and stirring and mixing for 1-2h at the rotating speed of 1000-1500r/min in the environment of 30-45 ℃ to obtain the antibacterial water-based coating agent; mixing silica, calcite, titanium dioxide, aluminum oxide and barium dioxide, grinding the mixture to be nano-scale superfine composite powder by a ball mill, and mixing and stirring the nano-scale superfine composite powder and distilled water to obtain the composite ceramic slurry. And when the integral antibacterial and bactericidal ceramic tool is used, harmful substances cannot be volatilized, the use is safe and environment-friendly, and the ceramic tool is suitable for various manufacturing and transporting or daily protection use of medical treatment, smoking articles, wine products and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ceramics, and particularly relates to an antibacterial bactericidal ceramic chemical formula.
Background
When the existing ceramic product is used, the exterior of the ceramic product is lack of a good antibacterial moisture-preserving protective coating, so that microbial bacteria are easily bred in the ceramic product, the effective period of material storage is shortened, and the use limitation is high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an antibacterial bactericidal ceramic chemical formula to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: an antibacterial bactericidal ceramic chemical formula comprises the following materials in parts by weight: 40-45 parts of silica, 1-3 parts of potassium hydrogen persulfate, 5-8 parts of chitin, 10-15 parts of chitosan acetic acid, 1-3 parts of sodium alginate, 5-8 parts of styrene-acrylate copolymer emulsion, 5-8 parts of pure acrylate copolymer emulsion, 2-3 parts of titanium dioxide, 15-20 parts of calcite, 2-3 parts of barium dioxide and 3-5 parts of aluminum oxide;
the preparation method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: taking potassium hydrogen persulfate, chitin, chitosan acetic acid and sodium alginate, feeding in and discharging, fully mixing and stirring, and grinding by using a ball mill to prepare a nano-scale composite material;
step two: stirring and mixing the nano-scale composite material obtained in the step one with styrene-acrylate copolymer emulsion and pure acrylate copolymer emulsion, and carrying out mixing and stirring work for 1-2h at the rotating speed of 1000-1500r/min in the environment of 30-45 ℃ to obtain the antibacterial water-based coating agent;
step three: mixing silica, calcite, titanium dioxide, aluminum oxide and barium dioxide, grinding the mixture to be nano-scale superfine composite powder by a ball mill, and mixing and stirring the nano-scale superfine composite powder and distilled water to obtain composite ceramic slurry;
step four: 2/3 is taken out of the composite ceramic slurry obtained in the step three, the composite ceramic slurry is led into a required ceramic mould, the mould is shaped and taken out after standing for 10-20min to obtain a ceramic tool blank, the ceramic tool blank is sent to a calcining furnace to be calcined at 950-1000 ℃, and the calcining time is 5-7h to obtain the ceramic tool;
step five: mixing 1/3 from the composite ceramic slurry obtained in the step three with the antibacterial water-based paint agent obtained in the step two to obtain an antibacterial ceramic paint;
step six: heating the antibacterial ceramic coating obtained in the fifth step to 50-70 ℃, uniformly coating the outer surface of the ceramic tool obtained in the fourth step, wherein the coating thickness is 1-2mm, and standing the coated ceramic tool at 20-25 ℃ for 20-30min for natural cooling;
step seven: and (3) placing the ceramic tool processed in the sixth step into a hot air drying box, carrying out heating and drying treatment, wherein the temperature of hot air drying is 120-135 ℃, the drying time is 20-30h, taking out after drying, and naturally cooling to obtain the antibacterial and bactericidal ceramic chemical product.
Further, the using ratio of the nanometer-scale superfine composite powder to the distilled water in the third step is 2: 1.
Furthermore, a nano-grade purple sand material can be added in the third step, and the using ratio of the nano-grade purple sand material to the nano-grade superfine composite powder is 4: 1.
Further, the nanometer superfine composite powder in the third step is collected for use after being filtered by 1400 meshes.
Further, in the second step, while stirring, adding an initiator and a neutralizing agent, wherein the neutralizing agent is ethanolamine, the initiator is benzoyl peroxide, and the use ratio of the nano-scale composite material to the initiator and the neutralizing agent is 50:1: 2.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the composite ceramic is coated with the antibacterial ceramic coating on the surface of the ceramic tool, the ceramic tool is internally moisturized and treated, and meanwhile, the ceramic tool is externally subjected to antibacterial and bactericidal treatment, and when the overall antibacterial and bactericidal ceramic tool is used, harmful substances cannot volatilize, so that the antibacterial and bactericidal ceramic tool is safe and environment-friendly to use, and is suitable for various manufacturing and transporting or daily protection of medical treatment, smoking articles, wine articles and the like.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
An antibacterial bactericidal ceramic chemical formula comprises the following materials in parts by weight: 40 parts of silica, 1 part of potassium hydrogen persulfate, 5 parts of chitin, 10 parts of chitosan acetic acid, 1 part of sodium alginate, 5 parts of styrene-acrylate copolymer emulsion, 5 parts of pure acrylate copolymer emulsion, 2 parts of titanium dioxide, 15 parts of calcite, 2 parts of barium dioxide and 3 parts of alumina;
the preparation method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: taking potassium hydrogen persulfate, chitin, chitosan acetic acid and sodium alginate, feeding in and discharging, fully mixing and stirring, and grinding by using a ball mill to prepare a nano-scale composite material;
step two: stirring and mixing the nano-scale composite material obtained in the step one with styrene-acrylate copolymer emulsion and pure acrylate copolymer emulsion, and stirring and mixing for 1h at the rotating speed of 1000r/min in the environment of 30 ℃ to obtain the antibacterial water-based coating agent;
step three: mixing silica, calcite, titanium dioxide, aluminum oxide and barium dioxide, grinding the mixture to be nano-scale superfine composite powder by a ball mill, and mixing and stirring the nano-scale superfine composite powder and distilled water to obtain composite ceramic slurry;
step four: taking 2/3 from the composite ceramic slurry obtained in the step three, introducing the composite ceramic slurry into a required ceramic mold, standing for 10min, shaping and taking out to obtain a ceramic tool blank, and sending the ceramic tool blank to a calcining furnace for calcining at 950 ℃, wherein the calcining time is 5h to obtain a ceramic tool;
step five: mixing 1/3 from the composite ceramic slurry obtained in the step three with the antibacterial water-based paint agent obtained in the step two to obtain an antibacterial ceramic paint;
step six: heating the antibacterial ceramic coating obtained in the fifth step to 50 ℃, uniformly coating the outer surface of the ceramic tool obtained in the fourth step, wherein the coating thickness is 1mm, and standing the coated ceramic tool at 20 ℃ for 20min for natural cooling;
step seven: and (3) placing the ceramic tool processed in the sixth step into a hot air drying oven, heating and drying at the temperature of 120 ℃ for 20 hours, taking out the ceramic tool after drying, and naturally cooling to obtain the antibacterial and bactericidal ceramic chemical product.
Wherein, the use ratio of the nanometer superfine composite powder to the distilled water in the third step is 2: 1.
Furthermore, a nano-grade purple sand material can be added in the third step, and the using ratio of the nano-grade purple sand material to the nano-grade superfine composite powder is 4: 1.
Further, the nanometer superfine composite powder in the third step is collected for use after being filtered by 1400 meshes.
Further, in the second step, while stirring, adding an initiator and a neutralizing agent, wherein the neutralizing agent is ethanolamine, the initiator is benzoyl peroxide, and the use ratio of the nano-scale composite material to the initiator and the neutralizing agent is 50:1: 2.
Example 2
An antibacterial bactericidal ceramic chemical formula comprises the following materials in parts by weight: 43 parts of silica, 12 parts of potassium hydrogen persulfate, 7 parts of chitin, 13 parts of chitosan acetic acid, 2 parts of sodium alginate, 6 parts of styrene-acrylate copolymer emulsion, 7 parts of pure acrylate copolymer emulsion, 2.5 parts of titanium dioxide, 17.5 parts of calcite, 1.5 parts of barium dioxide and 4 parts of alumina;
the preparation method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: taking potassium hydrogen persulfate, chitin, chitosan acetic acid and sodium alginate, feeding in and discharging, fully mixing and stirring, and grinding by using a ball mill to prepare a nano-scale composite material;
step two: stirring and mixing the nano-scale composite material obtained in the step one with styrene-acrylate copolymer emulsion and pure acrylate copolymer emulsion, and stirring and mixing for 1.5 hours at the rotating speed of 1250r/min in the environment of 37 ℃ to obtain the antibacterial water-based coating agent;
step three: mixing silica, calcite, titanium dioxide, aluminum oxide and barium dioxide, grinding the mixture to be nano-scale superfine composite powder by a ball mill, and mixing and stirring the nano-scale superfine composite powder and distilled water to obtain composite ceramic slurry;
step four: taking 2/3 from the composite ceramic slurry obtained in the third step, introducing the composite ceramic slurry into a required ceramic mold, standing for 15min, shaping and taking out to obtain a ceramic tool blank, and sending the ceramic tool blank to a calcining furnace for calcining at 975 ℃ for 6h to obtain a ceramic tool;
step five: mixing 1/3 from the composite ceramic slurry obtained in the step three with the antibacterial water-based paint agent obtained in the step two to obtain an antibacterial ceramic paint;
step six: heating the antibacterial ceramic coating obtained in the fifth step to 60 ℃, uniformly coating the outer surface of the ceramic tool obtained in the fourth step, wherein the coating thickness is 1.5mm, and standing the coated ceramic tool at 22.5 ℃ for 25min for naturally cooling;
step seven: and (4) placing the ceramic tool processed in the sixth step into a hot air drying oven, heating and drying at the temperature of 130 ℃ for 25 hours, taking out the ceramic tool after drying, and naturally cooling to obtain the antibacterial and bactericidal ceramic chemical product.
Wherein, the use ratio of the nanometer superfine composite powder to the distilled water in the third step is 2: 1.
Furthermore, a nano-grade purple sand material can be added in the third step, and the using ratio of the nano-grade purple sand material to the nano-grade superfine composite powder is 4: 1.
Further, the nanometer superfine composite powder in the third step is collected for use after being filtered by 1400 meshes.
Further, in the second step, while stirring, adding an initiator and a neutralizing agent, wherein the neutralizing agent is ethanolamine, the initiator is benzoyl peroxide, and the use ratio of the nano-scale composite material to the initiator and the neutralizing agent is 50:1: 2.
Example 3
An antibacterial bactericidal ceramic chemical formula comprises the following materials in parts by weight: 45 parts of silica, 3 parts of potassium hydrogen persulfate, 8 parts of chitin, 15 parts of chitosan acetic acid, 3 parts of sodium alginate, 8 parts of styrene-acrylate copolymer emulsion, 8 parts of pure acrylate copolymer emulsion, 3 parts of titanium dioxide, 20 parts of calcite, 3 parts of barium dioxide and 5 parts of alumina;
the preparation method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: taking potassium hydrogen persulfate, chitin, chitosan acetic acid and sodium alginate, feeding in and discharging, fully mixing and stirring, and grinding by using a ball mill to prepare a nano-scale composite material;
step two: stirring and mixing the nano-scale composite material obtained in the step one with styrene-acrylate copolymer emulsion and pure acrylate copolymer emulsion, and stirring and mixing for 2 hours at the rotating speed of 1500r/min in the environment of 45 ℃ to obtain the antibacterial water-based coating agent;
step three: mixing silica, calcite, titanium dioxide, aluminum oxide and barium dioxide, grinding the mixture to be nano-scale superfine composite powder by a ball mill, and mixing and stirring the nano-scale superfine composite powder and distilled water to obtain composite ceramic slurry;
step four: taking 2/3 from the composite ceramic slurry obtained in the step three, introducing the composite ceramic slurry into a required ceramic mold, standing for 20min, shaping and taking out to obtain a ceramic tool blank, and sending the ceramic tool blank to a calcining furnace for calcining at 1000 ℃ for 7h to obtain a ceramic tool;
step five: mixing 1/3 from the composite ceramic slurry obtained in the step three with the antibacterial water-based paint agent obtained in the step two to obtain an antibacterial ceramic paint;
step six: heating the antibacterial ceramic coating obtained in the fifth step to 70 ℃, uniformly coating the outer surface of the ceramic tool obtained in the fourth step, wherein the coating thickness is 2mm, and standing the coated ceramic tool at 25 ℃ for 30min for natural cooling;
step seven: and (3) placing the ceramic tool processed in the sixth step into a hot air drying oven, heating and drying at 135 ℃ for 30h, taking out after drying, and naturally cooling to obtain the antibacterial and bactericidal ceramic chemical product.
Wherein, the use ratio of the nanometer superfine composite powder to the distilled water in the third step is 2: 1.
Furthermore, a nano-grade purple sand material can be added in the third step, and the using ratio of the nano-grade purple sand material to the nano-grade superfine composite powder is 4: 1.
Further, the nanometer superfine composite powder in the third step is collected for use after being filtered by 1400 meshes.
Further, in the second step, while stirring, adding an initiator and a neutralizing agent, wherein the neutralizing agent is ethanolamine, the initiator is benzoyl peroxide, and the use ratio of the nano-scale composite material to the initiator and the neutralizing agent is 50:1: 2.
The working principle and the using process of the invention are as follows: the composite ceramic is coated with the antibacterial ceramic coating on the surface of the ceramic tool, the ceramic tool is internally moisturized and treated, and meanwhile, the ceramic tool is externally subjected to antibacterial and bactericidal treatment, and when the overall antibacterial and bactericidal ceramic tool is used, harmful substances cannot volatilize, so that the antibacterial and bactericidal ceramic tool is safe and environment-friendly to use, and is suitable for various manufacturing and transporting or daily protection of medical treatment, smoking articles, wine articles and the like.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (5)
1. The chemical formula of the antibacterial bactericidal ceramic is characterized by comprising the following materials in parts by weight: 40-45 parts of silica, 1-3 parts of potassium hydrogen persulfate, 5-8 parts of chitin, 10-15 parts of chitosan acetic acid, 1-3 parts of sodium alginate, 5-8 parts of styrene-acrylate copolymer emulsion, 5-8 parts of pure acrylate copolymer emulsion, 2-3 parts of titanium dioxide, 15-20 parts of calcite, 2-3 parts of barium dioxide and 3-5 parts of aluminum oxide;
the preparation method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: taking potassium hydrogen persulfate, chitin, chitosan acetic acid and sodium alginate, feeding in and discharging, fully mixing and stirring, and grinding by using a ball mill to prepare a nano-scale composite material;
step two: stirring and mixing the nano-scale composite material obtained in the step one with styrene-acrylate copolymer emulsion and pure acrylate copolymer emulsion, and carrying out mixing and stirring work for 1-2h at the rotating speed of 1000-1500r/min in the environment of 30-45 ℃ to obtain the antibacterial water-based coating agent;
step three: mixing silica, calcite, titanium dioxide, aluminum oxide and barium dioxide, grinding the mixture to be nano-scale superfine composite powder by a ball mill, and mixing and stirring the nano-scale superfine composite powder and distilled water to obtain composite ceramic slurry;
step four: 2/3 is taken out of the composite ceramic slurry obtained in the step three, the composite ceramic slurry is led into a required ceramic mould, the mould is shaped and taken out after standing for 10-20min to obtain a ceramic tool blank, the ceramic tool blank is sent to a calcining furnace to be calcined at 950-1000 ℃, and the calcining time is 5-7h to obtain the ceramic tool;
step five: mixing 1/3 from the composite ceramic slurry obtained in the step three with the antibacterial water-based paint agent obtained in the step two to obtain an antibacterial ceramic paint;
step six: heating the antibacterial ceramic coating obtained in the fifth step to 50-70 ℃, uniformly coating the outer surface of the ceramic tool obtained in the fourth step, wherein the coating thickness is 1-2mm, and standing the coated ceramic tool at 20-25 ℃ for 20-30min for natural cooling;
step seven: and (3) placing the ceramic tool processed in the sixth step into a hot air drying box, carrying out heating and drying treatment, wherein the temperature of hot air drying is 120-135 ℃, the drying time is 20-30h, taking out after drying, and naturally cooling to obtain the antibacterial and bactericidal ceramic chemical product.
2. The chemical formula of antibacterial and bactericidal ceramic according to claim 1, characterized in that: the using ratio of the nanometer superfine composite powder to the distilled water in the third step is 2: 1.
3. The chemical formula of antibacterial and bactericidal ceramic according to claim 1, characterized in that: the nanometer grade purple sand material can be added in the third step, and the use ratio of the nanometer grade purple sand material to the nanometer grade superfine composite powder is 4: 1.
4. The chemical formula of antibacterial and bactericidal ceramic according to claim 1, characterized in that: and the nanometer superfine composite powder in the third step is collected for use after being filtered by 1400 meshes.
5. The chemical formula of antibacterial and bactericidal ceramic according to claim 1, characterized in that: and adding an initiator and a neutralizing agent while stirring the nano-scale composite material in the step two, wherein the neutralizing agent is ethanolamine, the initiator is benzoyl peroxide, and the using ratio of the nano-scale composite material to the initiator to the neutralizing agent is 50:1: 2.
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