CN111646648B - Remote treatment method for excrement and urine wastewater of modularized railway train excrement and urine collector - Google Patents
Remote treatment method for excrement and urine wastewater of modularized railway train excrement and urine collector Download PDFInfo
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- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
- C02F11/121—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by mechanical de-watering
- C02F11/125—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by mechanical de-watering using screw filters
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
- C02F1/5236—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using inorganic agents
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- C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
- C02F1/54—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using organic material
- C02F1/56—Macromolecular compounds
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- C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
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- C02F2101/105—Phosphorus compounds
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- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/16—Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2301/00—General aspects of water treatment
- C02F2301/08—Multistage treatments, e.g. repetition of the same process step under different conditions
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- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/04—Disinfection
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/30—Aerobic and anaerobic processes
- C02F3/302—Nitrification and denitrification treatment
Abstract
The invention provides a long-term treatment method for excrement and urine wastewater of a modularized railway train, which comprises the steps of using a treatment device, wherein the treatment device comprises a pretreatment system and a denitrification and dephosphorization system which are arranged in sequence, the pretreatment system comprises a first spiral shell stacking dehydrator and an air flotation machine which are arranged in sequence, the denitrification and dephosphorization system comprises a short-cut nitrification and denitrification module, an anaerobic ammonia oxidation tank and a synchronous nitrification and denitrification module which are arranged in sequence, the short-cut nitrification and denitrification module comprises a denitrification tank, a nitrosation tank and a first sedimentation tank which are arranged in sequence, and the synchronous nitrification and denitrification module comprises a membrane biological filter and a second sedimentation tank which are arranged in sequence; the device also comprises a sludge treatment system and a deep treatment system; the treatment method correspondingly comprises a pretreatment step, a denitrification and dephosphorization step, a deep treatment step and a sludge treatment step. The invention realizes high-efficiency denitrification through the combination of the multiple modules and the multistage reaction tanks, and the operation cost is reduced by 50 percent compared with the prior art.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a modularized railway train excrement and urine wastewater treatment device and method, and belongs to the field of railway train wastewater treatment.
Background
With the rapid development of social economy and the acceleration of towns in China, domestic high-speed railway trains (hereinafter referred to as high-speed rail trains) rapidly develop. It is reported that the high-speed rail in China is opened in 2008, the total mileage is 672 kilometers, the total mileage is less than 1% of the total mileage of railway business, and in 2015, the total mileage of the high-speed rail in China reaches 1.9 kilometers, and the total mileage is 15.7% of the total mileage of railway business. It can be seen that the construction of the high-speed rail is very rapid.
The rapid development of the high-speed rail brings rapid and convenient traffic to us, shortens the travel time of people, ensures that people travel more comfortably and conveniently, and brings some problems at the same time. In the past, the railway train toilets in China are all in direct discharge type, but with the increasing strong comprehensive national force in China, the national importance of environmental protection industry is increasing, the requirements of people on the environment are increasing, and the excrement collecting device is fully used for collecting the excrement sewage of passengers since the high-speed communication. Along with the high-speed development of high-speed rails, the amount of high-speed rail fecal sewage is rapidly increased, and according to the regulations of the health department, the high-speed rail train fecal sewage (hereinafter referred to as high-speed rail fecal sewage) cannot be directly discharged along the line and must be collected and then treated in a centralized manner. Therefore, how to treat high-iron fecal sewage economically and effectively is urgent.
The sewage of the train excrement collector has the characteristics of high organic matters, high suspended matters, high ammonia nitrogen, high phosphorus, low carbon nitrogen ratio value and the like, is four-high-one-low, has higher chromaticity and higher biotoxicity, and contains various inhibiting substances, so that the difficulty in treatment is higher, and the sewage becomes an important point for sewage treatment in the railway industry.
The sewage is collected and enters a multi-grid septic tank, and after anaerobic treatment for several months, the sewage is discharged into a municipal pipe network or is uniformly treated with other sewage generated by a high-speed rail station, but with the increase of a railway network in China, the sewage discharge amount of the train excrement collector is increased increasingly, most municipal sewage treatment plants cannot receive the train excrement collector sewage, and the sewage is treated simultaneously with other sewage, so that the difficulty and the treatment cost of other sewage treatments are greatly increased.
Patent CN201611101840 provides a system and a method for centralized treatment of sewage of a toilet of a high-speed railway carriage. Firstly, a rotary roller grille is used for removing toilet paper and large-scale excrement in the excrement collector sewage; setting a pretreatment regulating tank, adding bleaching powder for removing partial ammonia nitrogen and suspended matters in sewage, and regulating water quality and water quantity; an internal circulation micro-oxygen reactor is arranged to receive 2/3 of the sewage of the excrement collector, and 100-150 meshes of micro-electrolysis catalytic carrier particles are added, so that short-cut nitrification can be realized through the granular sludge; partial ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen are removed by using an internal circulation anaerobic reactor; setting a double-circulation aerobic reactor to realize synchronous nitrification and denitrification of aerobic granular sludge; setting a special-effect denitrification aeration filter tank, and realizing the advanced treatment of sewage by utilizing the action of a micro-electrolysis catalytic biological carrier; the treated water is further treated with chlorine dioxide (ClO) 2 ) And (3) sterilizing to realize standard discharge.
The three steps of synchronous shortcut nitrification and denitrification, anaerobic ammonia oxidation and synchronous nitrification and denitrification in the patent are realized by a single reactor, and are specifically performed in an internal circulation micro-oxygen reactor 3, an internal circulation anaerobic reactor 4 and a double circulation aerobic reactor 5 respectively, so that the sewage treatment system is difficult to realize high-efficiency denitrification. Meanwhile, the internal circulation micro-oxygen reactor 3, the internal circulation anaerobic reactor 4 and the double circulation aerobic reactor 5 of the sewage treatment system are all added with 100-150 meshes of micro-electrolysis catalytic carrier particles, and the running cost of the system is high.
Chinese patent CN200910092443 relates to a method for the centralized treatment of faeces, comprising the steps of: through the steps of solid-liquid separation, flocculation dehydration, aerobic composting, anaerobic treatment of sewage, facultative treatment of sewage, aerobic treatment of sewage, membrane biological reaction treatment of sewage and odor treatment, 100% innocent treatment of urban excrement, 99.7% reduction and 100% recycling of manure are realized. Anaerobic sludge in the anaerobic treatment step of sewage, facultative sludge in the facultative treatment step, and aerobic sludge in the aerobic treatment step are returned to the dehydration step in this patent. In the excrement centralized treatment method, sludge is required to return, and the sewage in the patent also needs to be subjected to anaerobic treatment before the denitrification step. The efficiency and cost of this treatment scheme is high.
There is thus a need in the art for a new method and apparatus for treating fecal wastewater from a railroad train toilet.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of rapid development of domestic high-speed railway trains and urgent need of high-speed railway excrement collector sewage, the invention provides a modularized device and a method for treating excrement and urine wastewater of the railway trains, which can effectively treat the excrement and urine collector sewage and reduce the impact of sewage discharge on the operation stability of small and medium-sized sewage treatment plants.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a long-term treatment method of excrement and urine wastewater of a modularized railway train, which comprises the steps of using a treatment device, wherein the treatment device comprises a pretreatment system (1) and a denitrification and dephosphorization system (2) which are sequentially arranged in the wastewater flow direction, the pretreatment system comprises a first spiral shell-stacking dehydrator (1.1) and an air flotation machine (1.2) which are sequentially arranged in the wastewater flow direction, the denitrification and dephosphorization system comprises a short-range nitrification and denitrification module (2.1), an anaerobic ammonia oxidation tank (2.2) and a synchronous nitrification and denitrification module (2.3) which are sequentially arranged in the wastewater flow direction, the short-range nitrification and denitrification module comprises a denitrification tank (2.11), a nitrosation tank (2.12) and a first sedimentation tank (2.13) which are sequentially arranged in the wastewater flow direction, and the synchronous nitrification and denitrification module comprises a membrane biological filter (2.31) and a second sedimentation tank (2.32) which are sequentially arranged in the wastewater flow direction; the device also comprises a sludge treatment system (4), and the sludge treatment system comprises a sludge sedimentation tank (4.1) and a second spiral shell stacking dehydrator (4.2) which are sequentially arranged in the flowing direction of the wastewater; the device also comprises an advanced treatment system (3), wherein the advanced treatment system (3) comprises an MABR (3.1) for further denitrification of the wastewater and an advanced oxidation reactor (3.2) for decolorization and disinfection of the wastewater, which are sequentially arranged in the flow direction of the wastewater;
the processing method comprises the following steps:
step A, a pretreatment step: removing a large amount of solid particles in the wastewater by a pretreatment system comprising a first spiral shell stacking dehydrator and an air floatation machine, and removing part of organic matters, nitrogen and phosphorus by combining with adding a medicament, so as to reduce chromaticity; the liquid in the first spiral shell dehydrator enters an air floatation machine, and the solids separated in the first spiral shell dehydrator are transported and discharged outside; the solid separated in the air floatation machine enters a sludge sedimentation tank (4.1), and the liquid separated in the air floatation machine enters a denitrification tank (2.11);
step B, denitrification and dephosphorization: the pretreated wastewater enters a denitrification and dephosphorization system, and the wastewater sequentially passes through a denitrification tank (2.11), a nitrosation tank (2.12), a first sedimentation tank (2.13), an anaerobic ammoxidation tank (2.2), a membrane biological filter (2.31) and a second sedimentation tank (2.32), and water discharged from the second sedimentation tank (2.32) enters a step C for advanced treatment; the sludge generated in the denitrification and dephosphorization system enters the sludge sedimentation tank (4.1);
and C, deep treatment: the wastewater flowing in from the second sedimentation tank is deeply denitrified by the MABR, namely a membrane aeration biological membrane reactor, the wastewater flowing out of the MABR enters a high-grade oxidation reactor for decoloring and sterilizing, the sludge generated in the MABR is also sent into the sludge sedimentation tank, and the wastewater discharged after being treated by the deep treatment system (3) can be directly applied;
step D, sludge treatment: the supernatant in the sludge depositing tank (4.1) is returned to the denitrification and dephosphorization system (2) for reprocessing, the slurry in the sludge depositing tank (4.1) is pumped to the second spiral shell dehydrator (4.2) for solid-liquid separation, the separated solid is transported and discharged outside, and the separated liquid is returned to the denitrification and dephosphorization system (2) for reprocessing.
In a specific embodiment, a reinforced oxidative coagulation decolorant is added to the air flotation machine, and the reinforced oxidative coagulation decolorant comprises polyaluminum chloride and/or polyacrylamide.
In a specific embodiment, a dephosphorizing agent is added into the second sedimentation tank (2.32) to dephosphorize the wastewater, wherein the dephosphorizing agent is one or more of lime, ferric salt and aluminum salt.
In a specific embodiment, the device further comprises a return pipe through which the wastewater flows from the nitrosation tank (2.12) back to the denitrification tank (2.11), and the wastewater at the outlet of the nitrosation tank (2.12) can flow back into the denitrification tank (2.11) in addition to the first sedimentation tank (2.13).
In a specific embodiment, the apparatus further comprises a first pass-through conduit for returning wastewater from the outlet of the first sedimentation tank (2.13) to the denitrification tank (2.11).
In a specific embodiment, the device further comprises a second traversing pipe for the direct flow of wastewater from the outlet of the first sedimentation tank (2.13) to the membrane biological filter (2.31).
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) After the wastewater is pretreated, biologically denitrified and dephosphorized and deeply treated, the effluent meets the requirements of urban greening and vehicle flushing water quality in the standard of urban wastewater recycling urban miscellaneous Water quality (GB/T18920-2002). The COD removal rate in the wastewater is more than 98.6%, and the removal rates of SS, ammonia nitrogen and TN can reach more than 99%.
2) The denitrification and dephosphorization system adopts various technical combinations which are beneficial to the increase of the number and the variety of microorganisms, improves the number of microorganisms under the scheme of the invention, and is efficient and quick in wastewater treatment. The high integration of integrated equipment is matched, the building is optimally designed, the occupied area is only half of that of the traditional method, and the problem of insufficient space is solved.
3) Through the modularized design of each process unit, the traversing pipelines are arranged among the process units, so that the flexible combination of the process units can be carried out according to the actual running condition, the effluent is ensured to reach the standard, and the running cost is saved. When the nitrogen content of the inlet water in the anaerobic ammonia oxidation tank 2.2 does not reach the standard, the first traversing pipeline is used for carrying out denitrification treatment of the short-cut nitrification and denitrification module 2.1 on the wastewater again. When the water entering the anaerobic ammonia oxidation tank 2.2 reaches the water entering standard of the membrane biological filter tank 2.31, the anaerobic ammonia oxidation step is not needed, and the wastewater in the first sedimentation tank 2.13 is directly sent into the membrane biological filter tank 2.31 by using a second traversing pipeline. The treatment device of the invention has high integration of equipment, is provided with the first and the second crossing pipelines, and can flexibly combine and adjust the wastewater path according to the water quality and the water outlet standard.
In general, compared with the prior art, the short-range nitrification and denitrification are realized by the combination of the denitrification tank 2.11, the nitrosation tank 2.12 and the first sedimentation tank 2.13, and the synchronous nitrification and denitrification are realized by the combination of the membrane biological filter tank 2.31 and the second sedimentation tank 2.32. Therefore, in the device, after the sludge is added for the first time, namely the strain is added, the device can be used for once and for all, and no medicament or strain is needed to be added in the subsequent operation process, so that the operation cost of the device is low. When the device is constructed and the added strains are operated for the first time, the corresponding common sludge from a sewage treatment plant is added into the denitrification tank 2.11, the nitrosation tank 2.12, the membrane biological filter tank 2.31 and the MABR, and anaerobic ammonia oxidation bacteria are required to be added into the anaerobic ammonia oxidation tank 2.2. The invention realizes high-efficiency denitrification through the combination of the multiple modules and the multistage reaction tanks, and the operation cost is reduced by 50 percent compared with the prior art.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a modular railway train excrement and urine wastewater long-term treatment device.
FIG. 2 shows a conventional biological denitrification pathway.
FIG. 3 shows the shortcut nitrification-denitrification biological denitrification pathway.
FIG. 4 is an anaerobic ammonia oxidation denitrification pathway.
Reference numerals: the pretreatment system 1, the first stacked spiral dehydrator 1.1, the air flotation machine 1.2, the denitrification and dephosphorization system 2, the short-cut nitrification and denitrification module 2.1, the denitrification tank 2.11, the nitrosation tank 2.12, the first sedimentation tank 2.13, the anaerobic ammoxidation tank 2.2, the synchronous nitrification and denitrification module 2.3, the membrane biological filter 2.31, the second sedimentation tank 2.32, the advanced treatment system 3, the MABR3.1, the advanced oxidation reactor 3.2, the sludge treatment system 4, the sludge sedimentation tank 4.1 and the second stacked spiral dehydrator 4.2.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples. It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other.
In the invention, thick liquid in the first spiral shell stack dehydrator 1.1 enters an air floatation machine, and solids separated in the first spiral shell stack dehydrator 1.1 are transported outwards.
In the invention, PAC (coagulant) and/or PAM (flocculant) are/is added into the air floatation machine 1.2, the air floatation machine itself comprises a coagulation pool and a flocculation pool, and an ideal effect can be achieved by adding one PAC or PAM at times.
In the invention, a waste water reflux channel returning to the denitrification tank 2.11 is generally arranged in the denitrification tank 2.12, and the reflux ratio from the denitrification tank 2.12 to the denitrification tank 2.11 can be adjusted according to the actual treatment condition of waste water.
In the invention, when the wastewater treatment device is initially constructed, the sludge of a common municipal wastewater treatment plant is used as a strain in the denitrification tank 2.11, the nitrosation tank 2.12, the membrane biological filter 2.31 and the MABR3.1, namely, the same sludge is used in different tanks when the component bacteria are in groups, and only the different culture environments of the tanks enable the tank to be divided into the denitrification tank, the nitrosation tank or other conditions under the normal running state. In the present invention, anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria used in the initial construction of a wastewater treatment apparatus are commercially available from, for example, universities and scientific institutions.
In the invention, the anaerobic ammonia oxidation tank 2.2 has high requirement on the content of the total solid suspended substances SS, and the high SS content is not suitable for the growth of anaerobic ammonia oxidation bacteria (rhodobacter sphaeroides). According to the invention, the first sedimentation tank 2.13 is arranged behind the nitrosation tank 2.12, so that the waste liquid entering the anaerobic ammonia oxidation tank 2.2 can smoothly perform anaerobic ammonia oxidation denitrification reaction.
In the invention, the hanging film in the membrane biological filter 2.31 can move up and down, when the hanging film leaves the water surface upwards and is placed in the air, aerobic bacteria mainly act, nitrification reaction mainly occurs, and when the hanging film is immersed in water downwards, heterotrophic bacteria mainly act, denitrification reaction mainly occurs. The membrane biofilter 2.31 generally does not have a complete anaerobic state, but has alternating facultative and aerobic states.
In the present invention, the dephosphorizing agent is generally added in the second sedimentation tank 2.32. However, if the phosphorus content in the effluent of the membrane biological filter 2.31 reaches the standard, the dephosphorizing agent does not need to be added into the second sedimentation tank 2.32. The dephosphorizing agent is one or more of lime, ferric salt and aluminum salt. The consumption of the dephosphorizing agent required by chemical dephosphorization is related to the required phosphorus content of the effluent, and when the phosphorus content of the effluent is required to be less than or equal to 1.0mg/L, 1.7kg of iron or 0.8kg of aluminum is generally required to be added for removing 1kg of phosphorus. For specific sewage, the metal salt addition amount is generally determined through experiments. The concentration of the inflow TP and the expected dephosphorization rate are different, and the corresponding addition amount of the dephosphorization agent is also different.
In the invention, the oxygen supply mechanisms of the membrane biological filter 2.31 and the MABR3.1 are different. The membrane biological filter is internally provided with a membrane, and oxygen in the air is mainly utilized, and in the same membrane biological filter, different reactions, namely nitrification and denitrification, occur at two different time points or time periods when the membrane is soaked into wastewater or exposed in the air. And oxygen on the MABR can permeate the membrane material, and different reactions, namely nitrification and denitrification, occur at different positions on the same MABR. In addition, MABR has higher efficiency than membrane biofilter. In the present invention, the sludge produced in MABR3.1 is also fed into the sludge lagoon 4.1, but the amount of MABR produced is small, and is not shown.
The advanced oxidation reactor 3.2 used in the invention can be a micro-nano bubble generating device which is directly purchased and is also called a micro-nano aeration device; the reactor provides nano-or micro-scale ozone or oxygen for the wastewater. In addition, no sludge is produced in the advanced oxidation reactor 3.2.
In the present invention, PAC or PAM may be added to the sludge settling tank 4.1 or a downstream pipe thereof to increase coagulation and flocculation. The sludge depositing tank 4.1 mainly plays a role in concentrating and collecting sludge, wherein a rough solid-liquid separation effect between the sludge and the wastewater can be generated, and supernatant in the sludge depositing tank 4.1 is generally returned to the denitrification and dephosphorization system 2 for treatment. The main purpose of the second screw stack dewaterer 4.2 is to reduce the water content of the sludge so that the sludge from the sludge basin 4.1 becomes or is close to a solid sludge, which is typically about 80% by weight water in the solid dry sludge being transported out. In the present invention, the liquid separated in the second spiral shell dehydrator 4.2 is also returned to the nitrogen and phosphorus removal system 2.
The conventional biological denitrification pathway, shortcut nitrification denitrification biological denitrification pathway, and anaerobic ammonia oxidation denitrification pathway of FIGS. 2 to 4 of the present invention are all well known to those skilled in the art. In addition, denitrification occurring in denitrification tank 2.11, nitrosation occurring in nitrosation tank 2.12, anaerobic ammoxidation occurring in anaerobic ammoxidation tank, simultaneous nitrification and denitrification occurring in membrane biofilters, and deep denitrification occurring in MABR are all well known to those skilled in the art. The invention is characterized in that each unit module is combined in a certain sequence and process to form the device and the method for efficiently and low-cost treatment of the wastewater of the train toilet. Furthermore, the spiral shell dehydrators, air flotation machines, membrane biofilters, MABR and advanced oxidation reactors involved in the present invention are all commercially available and the innovation of these devices and their details is not addressed in the present invention.
Example 1
Taking Yunnan Kunming certain high-speed rail station collecting and distributing center as a traffic key hub, the stations have more trains, the high-speed rail excrement collecting and distributing center has higher concentration of excrement and wastewater and large water quantity. The waste water of the excrement collector is pumped by a vacuum pumping system and then is placed in a septic tank, COD of the waste water of the septic tank is 5800mg/L, SS is 2650mg/L, ammonia nitrogen is 1500mg/L, total nitrogen is 1800mg/L, and total phosphorus is 200mg/L. The treated wastewater meets the urban greening and vehicle flushing water quality requirements in the standard of urban sewage recycling urban miscellaneous Water quality (GB/T18920-2002).
As shown in fig. 1, sewage passes through a pretreatment system, a denitrification and dephosphorization system and a deep treatment system, and sludge generated in the sewage treatment process enters a sludge treatment system, specifically comprises the following treatment steps:
preparing a medicament; respectively preparing polyaluminum chloride with the concentration of 25% and 0.2% polyacrylamide solution for later use;
step A: and (5) processing by a pretreatment system. The effluent of the septic tank is subjected to solid-liquid separation by overlapping, the liquid enters a dissolved air floatation machine, 300mg/L of polyaluminium chloride and 5mg/L of polyacrylamide are added, and part of SS, organic matters and TP are further removed under the actions of coagulation, oxidation and air floatation. The solid after solid-liquid separation is transported and disposed together with the sludge generated in the sewage treatment process after dehydration.
After pretreatment, the SS in the sewage is reduced to 234mg/L, the removal rate reaches 91.2%, and the COD removal rate is more than 80%.
And (B) step (B): and a denitrification and dephosphorization system. After two-stage solid-liquid separation in the pretreatment system, the content of suspended matters is greatly reduced, most COD, part of ammonia nitrogen and TP in the wastewater are removed, dissolved air flotation water automatically flows into a front denitrification unit, and the BOD and part of total nitrogen of the water are removed by utilizing granular sludge in a denitrification tank, so that certain alkalinity is generated; then the wastewater enters a high-efficiency nitrosation unit, and partial nitrosation of ammonia nitrogen is realized by using sludge in a nitrosation tank; after partial nitrosation, the proportion of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen is controlled within the proportion range required by anaerobic ammonia oxidation, and after SS is removed by precipitation in a first sedimentation tank, the sewage enters an anaerobic ammonia oxidation tank, and ammonia nitrogen and TN are removed; the sewage after anaerobic ammoxidation treatment enters a membrane biological filter to carry out synchronous nitrification and denitrification for further denitrification, and meanwhile, a dephosphorizing agent is added into a second sedimentation tank arranged at the rear part to carry out chemical dephosphorization. The dephosphorization agent is aluminum salt polyaluminum chloride, and the dosage of the experimental agent is 90mg/L.
After the sewage passes through the denitrification and dephosphorization system, COD in the sewage is 213mg/L, ammonia nitrogen is 22mg/L, total nitrogen is 56mg/L, and total phosphorus is 8mg/L. COD removal rate of the denitrification and dephosphorization system is 85%, COD removal rate after passing through the pretreatment system and the denitrification and dephosphorization system reaches 96.3%, ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen removal rate reaches more than 95%, specifically 98.5% and 96.9%, respectively, and TP removal rate reaches 96%.
And C, deeply processing the system. In particular to MABR deep denitrification and advanced oxidation reactor decoloration and disinfection.
And (5) the effluent treated by the denitrification and dephosphorization system enters MABR integrated equipment for deep denitrification. By utilizing the special aeration mode and oxygen transfer mechanism of the MABR, the microbial membrane can generate an obvious layered structure, and the microbial membrane can be roughly divided into 3 basic functional layers, namely an aerobic layer and a facultative layer which are close to the membrane and an anaerobic layer which contacts with a bulk solution, so that the MABR has the capacity of synchronous nitrification and denitrification. The aeration power efficiency of the MABR technology can reach 14kgO 2 Per kWh, 3-4 times the traditional aeration form, and accordingly approximately 75% of the aeration power consumption can be saved.
After deep denitrification of the MABR integrated equipment, the ammonia nitrogen and TN content in the sewage is 6mg/L and 21mg/L, the pollutant removal rate is more than 60%, and the ammonia nitrogen and TN removal rates in the step are 72.7% and 62.5% respectively.
The system is provided with an advanced oxidation reactor at the tail end for decolorization and disinfection, and a micro-nano generating device of ozone or oxygen is specifically adopted, ozone or oxygen bubbles entering sewage reach the nano level, the dissolving concentration in the sewage is improved, the probability of contact with the sewage is increased, and the gas mass transfer coefficient and the sewage treatment efficiency are improved. After the wastewater is subjected to advanced oxidation, pollutants such as chromaticity, COD and the like of the wastewater are further reduced, and urban greening and vehicle flushing standards of urban sewage recycling urban miscellaneous Water quality (GB/T18920-2002) are met.
In the pretreatment step A, the sewage is collected by the train excrement collector and then pumped into a septic tank for collection by a vacuumizing system, then enters a first spiral shell stacking dehydrator of a pretreatment system, solid wastes such as paper towels and large particles are removed by the spiral shell stacking dehydrator, liquid subjected to solid-liquid separation by the spiral shell stacking dehydrator enters a dissolved air floatation machine, and part of SS (total solid suspended matters), organic matters and TP (transport) are further removed under the actions of coagulation, oxidization and air floatation by adding a strengthening oxidation coagulation decoloration agent. The load of a subsequent biochemical system is reduced through the two-stage reinforced coagulation filtration of the lap screw and the air floatation, and the stable operation of the biochemical system is ensured.
In the step B denitrification and dephosphorization step, partial accumulation of the nitrite nitrogen is realized through reasonable process combination, the proportion of the nitrite nitrogen and the ammonia nitrogen is controlled to be the optimal reaction proportion, the alkalinity and the free ammonia are controlled to be the optimal level, and the high-efficiency denitrification under the conditions of high nitrogen content and low carbon nitrogen ratio is realized. In the step B, the content of suspended matters is greatly reduced after two-stage solid-liquid separation in the pretreatment step, most COD, partial ammonia nitrogen and TP in the wastewater are removed, the effluent of the dissolved air flotation machine automatically flows into a front denitrification tank, and BOD and partial total nitrogen of the inlet water are removed by using granular sludge and a certain alkalinity is generated; then the wastewater enters a high-efficiency nitrosation tank to realize partial nitrosation of ammonia nitrogen; after partial nitrosation, the proportion of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen is controlled within the proportion range required by anaerobic ammonia oxidation, and the sewage enters an anaerobic ammonia oxidation tank after SS is removed in a first sedimentation tank, so that ammonia nitrogen and TN are removed; the sewage after anaerobic ammoxidation treatment enters a membrane biological filter to carry out synchronous nitrification and denitrification for further denitrification, and meanwhile, a dephosphorizing agent is added into a second sedimentation tank arranged at the rear part to carry out chemical dephosphorization.
In the invention, the nitrogen and phosphorus removal system in the step B is formed by combining a short-cut nitrification and denitrification module, an anaerobic ammonia oxidation tank and a synchronous nitrification and denitrification module, and the short-cut nitrification and denitrification module and the synchronous nitrification and denitrification module are combined through a plurality of tanks, so that the high-efficiency nitrogen removal under the conditions of high nitrogen content and low carbon nitrogen ratio is realized.
In the invention, after the advanced treatment of the advanced treatment system 3 in the step C, the TN, COD and chromaticity of the effluent are further reduced, so that the effluent meets higher treatment requirements.
And C, the advanced treatment system is an MABR (membrane aeration biological membrane reactor) advanced denitrification and advanced oxidation reactor decoloration and disinfection. The tail end of the system is provided with an advanced oxidation reactor, so that pollution indexes such as chromaticity, COD and the like in the sewage are further reduced. In the step C, the special aeration mode and oxygen transfer mechanism of the MABR are utilized, the microbial membrane can generate an obvious layered structure, and the microbial membrane can be roughly divided into 3 basic functional layers, namely an aerobic layer and a facultative layer which are close to the membrane and an anaerobic layer which contacts with the bulk solution, so that the MABR has the capacity of synchronous nitrification and denitrification. The aeration power efficiency of the MABR technology can reach 14kgO 2 /kWh，Is 3-4 times of the traditional aeration form, and can correspondingly save about 75% of aeration power consumption. The advanced treatment system MABR is arranged for advanced denitrification and advanced oxidation reactor decoloration and disinfection, so that the advanced treatment system MABR can further denitrify and dephosphorize, and reduce organic matters and chromaticity in the wastewater.
The invention researches a pretreatment system which is most suitable for high-speed rail wastewater: the spiral shell hydroextractor + air supporting machine, remove most solid suspended matters and carry out coagulating sedimentation preliminary treatment before the denitrification treatment.
Biological denitrification is a key difficulty in wastewater treatment, the invention adopts a biological denitrification process mainly comprising anaerobic ammoxidation, cooperates with short-range nitrification denitrification and synchronous nitrification denitrification, and specifically reduces BOD and ammonia nitrogen load through a preposed denitrification tank, and then realizes stable nitrosation in the denitrification tank, and ammonia nitrogen/nitrosation is controlled to be 1 needed by anaerobic ammoxidation: 1; and then the anaerobic ammonia oxidation realizes high-efficiency denitrification. And then two groups of symmetrically staggered and densely distributed filtering curtains are adopted in the membrane biological filter (also called a biological membrane pool), and an cross-oxygenation area and an aerobic area are formed on the surface of the filtering curtains, so that synchronous nitrification and denitrification are realized, and sewage is purified. The whole denitrification and dephosphorization system 2 does not need to carry out sludge reflux, does not need to add any strain or catalyst after the device is constructed, and has low operation energy consumption.
The foregoing is a further detailed description of the invention in connection with specific preferred embodiments, and is not intended to limit the practice of the invention to such description. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several simple deductions and substitutions can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these are considered to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for remotely treating excrement and urine wastewater of a modularized railway train, the method comprises the steps of using a treatment device, wherein the treatment device comprises a pretreatment system (1) and a denitrification and dephosphorization system (2) which are sequentially arranged in the wastewater flow direction, the pretreatment system comprises a first spiral shell stacking dehydrator (1.1) and an air flotation machine (1.2) which are sequentially arranged in the wastewater flow direction, the denitrification and dephosphorization system comprises a shortcut nitrification and denitrification module (2.1), an anaerobic ammonia oxidation tank (2.2) and a synchronous nitrification and denitrification module (2.3) which are sequentially arranged in the wastewater flow direction, the shortcut nitrification and denitrification module comprises a denitrification tank (2.11), a nitrosation tank (2.12) and a first sedimentation tank (2.13) which are sequentially arranged in the wastewater flow direction, and the synchronous nitrification and denitrification module comprises a membrane biological filter (2.31) and a second sedimentation tank (2.32) which are sequentially arranged in the wastewater flow direction; the device also comprises a sludge treatment system (4), and the sludge treatment system comprises a sludge sedimentation tank (4.1) and a second spiral shell stacking dehydrator (4.2) which are sequentially arranged in the flowing direction of the wastewater; the device also comprises an advanced treatment system (3), wherein the advanced treatment system (3) comprises an MABR (3.1) for further denitrification of the wastewater and an advanced oxidation reactor (3.2) for decolorization and disinfection of the wastewater, which are sequentially arranged in the flow direction of the wastewater; when the wastewater treatment device is constructed, sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plants is put into a denitrification tank (2.11), a nitrosation tank (2.12), a membrane biological filter (2.31) and an MABR (3.1) as strains, and anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria are put into an anaerobic ammonia oxidizing tank (2.2) as strains; the membrane biological filter (2.31) is internally provided with a hanging membrane capable of moving up and down, when the hanging membrane leaves the water surface upwards and is placed in the air, nitrification reaction mainly occurs, and denitrification reaction mainly occurs when the hanging membrane is immersed downwards in the water, so that different reactions, namely nitrification and denitrification, occur at two different time points or time periods when the hanging membrane is exposed in the air or immersed in the wastewater; the MABR is provided with an oxygen supply mechanism, oxygen on the MABR can permeate the membrane material of the MABR, and different reactions, namely nitrification and denitrification, occur at different positions on the same MABR; the advanced oxidation reactor (3.2) comprises a micro-nano bubble generating device for providing ozone or oxygen with nano-scale or micro-scale bubbles for wastewater;
the processing method comprises the following steps:
step A, a pretreatment step: removing a large amount of solid particles in the wastewater by a pretreatment system comprising a first spiral shell stacking dehydrator and an air floatation machine, and removing part of organic matters, nitrogen and phosphorus by combining with adding a medicament, so as to reduce chromaticity; the liquid in the first spiral shell dehydrator enters an air floatation machine, and the solids separated in the first spiral shell dehydrator are transported and discharged outside; the solid separated in the air floatation machine enters a sludge sedimentation tank (4.1), and the liquid separated in the air floatation machine enters a denitrification tank (2.11);
step B, denitrification and dephosphorization: the pretreated wastewater enters a denitrification and dephosphorization system, and the wastewater sequentially passes through a denitrification tank (2.11), a nitrosation tank (2.12), a first sedimentation tank (2.13), an anaerobic ammoxidation tank (2.2), a membrane biological filter (2.31) and a second sedimentation tank (2.32), and water discharged from the second sedimentation tank (2.32) enters a step C for advanced treatment; the sludge generated in the denitrification and dephosphorization system enters the sludge sedimentation tank (4.1); the granular sludge in the denitrification tank (2.11) is used for removing BOD and part of total nitrogen and/or ammonia nitrogen in the inlet water and generating certain alkalinity; the sludge in the nitrosation pond (2.12) is used for realizing partial nitrosation of ammonia nitrogen, so that the proportion of the ammonia nitrogen and the nitrosation nitrogen after partial nitrosation is controlled within the range of the proportion required by anaerobic ammonia oxidation, the first sedimentation pond (2.13) is used for firstly sedimentating and removing total solid suspended matters before the anaerobic ammonia oxidation reaction, and the anaerobic ammonia oxidation pond (2.2) is used for removing the ammonia nitrogen and the total nitrogen; the membrane biological filter (2.31) is used for performing synchronous nitrification and denitrification for further denitrification, and the second sedimentation tank (2.32) comprises a device for performing chemical dephosphorization by adding a dephosphorization agent;
and C, deep treatment: the wastewater flowing in from the second sedimentation tank is deeply denitrified by the MABR, namely a membrane aeration biological membrane reactor, the wastewater flowing out of the MABR enters a high-grade oxidation reactor for decoloring and sterilizing, the sludge generated in the MABR is also sent into the sludge sedimentation tank, and the wastewater discharged after being treated by the deep treatment system (3) can be directly applied; step C, after advanced treatment, is used for further reducing total nitrogen, COD and chromaticity of the effluent;
step D, sludge treatment: the supernatant in the sludge depositing tank (4.1) is returned to the denitrification and dephosphorization system (2) for reprocessing, the slurry in the sludge depositing tank (4.1) is pumped to the second spiral shell dehydrator (4.2) for solid-liquid separation, the separated solid is transported and discharged outside, and the separated liquid is returned to the denitrification and dephosphorization system (2) for reprocessing.
2. The process of claim 1, wherein an enhanced oxidative coagulation decolorant is added to the air flotation machine, and the enhanced oxidative coagulation decolorant comprises polyaluminum chloride and/or polyacrylamide.
3. The treatment method according to claim 1, characterized in that a dephosphorization agent is added to the second sedimentation tank (2.32) to dephosphorize the wastewater, wherein the dephosphorization agent is one or more of lime, ferric salt and aluminum salt.
4. A treatment method according to claim 1, characterized in that the apparatus further comprises a return conduit through which waste water flows from the nitrosation tank (2.12) back to the denitrification tank (2.11), through which return conduit waste water at the outlet of the nitrosation tank (2.12) can flow back into the denitrification tank (2.11) in addition to the first sedimentation tank (2.13).
5. A treatment method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that the apparatus further comprises a first pass-through pipe for returning waste water from the outlet of the first sedimentation tank (2.13) to the denitrification tank (2.11).
6. A treatment method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that the apparatus further comprises a second pass-through duct for the flow of wastewater from the outlet of the first sedimentation tank (2.13) directly to the membrane biological filter (2.31).
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