CN111643595B - Processing technology of high-quality fritillary bulb mother tablets - Google Patents
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- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
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- A61K36/88—Liliopsida (monocotyledons)
- A61K36/896—Liliaceae (Lily family), e.g. daylily, plantain lily, Hyacinth or narcissus
- A61K36/8966—Fritillaria, e.g. checker lily or mission bells
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- A61K2236/10—Preparation or pretreatment of starting material
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Abstract
The invention relates to a processing technology of high-quality fritillary bulb mother tablets, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: step (1), digging and grading thunberg fritillary bulbs; step (2), cleaning: placing the fritillary in a bubble cleaning pool for cleaning to remove surface silt; step (3), predrying: placing Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae in drying room, pre-drying for at least 4 hr, and removing part of water; and (4) slicing: slicing Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae to 3-5mm thickness; and (5) drying: and (5) dishing the fritillary tablets obtained in the step (4), placing the fritillary tablets in a tunnel type drying room for gradient drying, and respectively setting the temperature for a linkage line drying room until the fritillary tablets are completely dried to obtain the fritillary tablets. The invention adopts gradient drying technology on the basis of the traditional processing technology, not only can ensure the appearance character, but also can efficiently produce high-quality thunberg fritillary bulb with little loss or even no loss of index components.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of processing of traditional Chinese medicine fritillary bulb, and particularly relates to a processing method of fritillary bulb mother tablets.
Background
Thunberg fritillary bulb (Fritillaria thunbergii Miq) is a perennial herb of fritillary of Liliaceae, is collected in 2015 edition of Chinese pharmacopoeia, is used as a raw material of health food, has the effects of clearing heat, eliminating phlegm, relieving cough, removing toxin, resolving masses and resolving carbuncle, and is used for wind-heat cough, phlegm-fire cough, pulmonary abscess, acute mastitis, scrofula and sore toxicity. Steroid alkaloids represented by peimine and peiminine are secondary metabolites specific to Fritillaria plants, and are also effective components specific to Fritillaria thunbergii. According to research, the steroid alkaloid has important medicinal value in the aspects of eliminating phlegm, relieving cough, reducing blood pressure, promoting blood circulation, relieving pain, resisting ulcer, resisting inflammation, resisting oxidation, resisting tumor and the like.
The new production season of the thunberg fritillary bulb is short, the new production season is mainly concentrated on 5-7 months, and the processing equipment of a plurality of individual operating farmers can not meet the production of a large batch of thunberg fritillary bulbs, so that the processing process is disordered, and the quality of the thunberg fritillary bulbs is reduced year by an irregular processing mode. The most direct decline phenomenon is that the contents of fritillaria thunbergii A and B cannot meet the requirements of pharmacopoeia standards. At present, the main processing method of the thunberg fritillary bulb in the market is to process the thunberg fritillary bulb while the thunberg fritillary bulb is fresh, directly slice the thunberg fritillary bulb after being cleaned and dry the thunberg fritillary bulb. Because of no uniform processing technology, the processing procedures in the aspects of slice thickness, drying mode, drying time, temperature and the like all affect the product quality, so that the appearance and the quality of the fresh-cut thunberg fritillary bulb mother slices are difficult to ensure. Patent CN101878807A proposes to use microwave to dry fritillary bulb mother tablets, but when fresh cut tablets are directly dried by microwave, the instant high heat easily causes a large amount of loss of effective components of fritillary bulb, and the thunberg bulb mother tablets after microwave drying have protruding appearance, yellow surface and poor appearance. Patent CN103349346 proposes a Zhejiang fritillaria processing technology which is closer to original ecology, namely, a tunnel type hot air dryer conveyor type oven is used for direct drying, the invention does not describe whether index components of Zhejiang fritillaria meet the requirements of national pharmacopoeia standards, and the invention proposes that the Zhejiang fritillaria is dried at 110 ℃ in the early stage, and verified in the later stage, the index components of Zhejiang fritillaria drop down linearly at the temperature, and high-temperature drying easily causes starch on the surface of Zhejiang fritillaria to be coked, so that the Zhejiang fritillaria turns yellow seriously, and the appearance character of the Zhejiang fritillaria is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
In the traditional processing technology, the thunberg fritillary bulb is directly dried after being cut into thick slices when being fresh. The thunberg fritillary bulb which is not pre-dried is sliced by a machine to generate fragments easily, and when the thunberg fritillary bulb is put into mass production, the fresh fritillary bulb is easy to be oxidized and discolored to influence the appearance of the finished traditional Chinese medicinal material.
The traditional drying process is difficult to find an optimal corresponding relation between time and temperature, the high-temperature drying cannot be carried out in order to ensure the quality of the thunberg fritillary bulb, the defects of long time consumption, cost increase and the like exist when the thunberg fritillary bulb is dried at low temperature, and the phenomenon of oxidation and curing of the thunberg fritillary bulb which is placed in a drying oven for a long time is very easy to occur, so that the high-quality thunberg fritillary bulb is not produced.
The processing technology of the invention adopts the gradient drying technology on the basis of the traditional processing technology, not only can ensure the appearance character, but also can efficiently produce high-quality thunberg fritillary bulb with less loss or even no loss of index components.
The technical problem of the invention is implemented by the following technical scheme: a processing technology of high-quality fritillary bulb mother tablets is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step (1), digging and grading thunberg fritillary bulbs: digging thunberg fritillary bulb, and screening seeds with the diameter less than 3cm by using a vibrating screen; step (2), cleaning: placing the fritillary bulb obtained in the step (1) into a bubble cleaning pool for cleaning, and removing surface silt;
step (3), predrying: placing the fritillaria cirrhosa pieces with the diameter not less than 3cm obtained in the step (2) in a drying room for pre-drying for at least 4h, and removing part of water;
and (4) slicing: slicing the fritillaria obtained in the step (3) to obtain 3-5mm thick sections;
and (5) drying: and (5) dishing the fritillary tablets obtained in the step (4), placing the fritillary tablets in a tunnel type drying room for gradient drying, and respectively setting the temperature for a linkage line drying room until the fritillary tablets are completely dried to obtain the fritillary tablets.
Preferably, the pre-drying temperature in the step (3) is 40-70 ℃, so that the fresh thunberg fritillary bulb has partial toughness and is not easy to cut when being sliced.
Preferably, the pre-drying time in the step (3) is 4-5h, so that the water evaporation of the fresh thunberg fritillary bulb reaches 30-45%, and slicing is facilitated.
Preferably, when automatically slicing in the step (4), the rotating speed of the cutter is controlled to be 20-25r/s, and the conveying speed of the conveyor belt is controlled to be 9-12r/s, so that the sliced sheet is ensured to be flat.
Preferably, in the step (5), the drying temperature of the thunberg fritillary bulb is controlled at 50-70 ℃, so that the content of the peimine and the peimine are ensured to reach pharmacopeia standards, namely, the peimine and the peimine are respectively exist, the peimine are respectively, the peimine and the peimine are respectively, the peimine and the peimine are respectively, the peimine and the peimine are respectively exist, the peimine and the peimine are respectively, the peimine and the.
Preferably, the drying time of the thunberg fritillary bulb on each section of the drying oven in the step (5) is controlled to be 1-3h, so that the moisture of the thunberg fritillary bulb meets the pharmacopoeia standard.
Preferably, the step (5) is provided with a gradient temperature increasing program, wherein the temperature of the 50 ℃: 1-3 h; 55 ℃ of: 2-4 h; 60 ℃ below zero: 1-3 h; 65 ℃ of: 1-2 h; 70 ℃ below zero: 1-2 h.
In summary, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the invention adopts the gradient drying technology, the air-blast circulation drying room which takes air energy as kinetic energy is adopted by the drying equipment, the productivity, the efficiency and the like of the traditional drying room are greatly improved, compared with the microwave drying, the phenomenon that the nutrient substances in the thunberg fritillary bulb are seriously lost due to rapid temperature rise is avoided, compared with the freeze drying, the drying efficiency is improved, and the energy consumption cost is reduced.
The method can ensure that index components of the dried thunberg fritillary bulb are consistent with those of the fresh thunberg fritillary bulb, reduce the loss of effective components of the thunberg fritillary bulb caused by the processing process, and ensure that the thunberg fritillary bulb is flat in sheet, pure white and rich in powder.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
Example 1:
a processing technology of high-quality fritillaria thunbergii mother tablets is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step (1), digging and grading thunberg fritillary bulbs: digging Thunberg fritillary bulb at 5-7 months per year, and screening seeds with diameter less than 3cm with a vibrating screen;
step (2), cleaning: placing the fritillary bulb obtained in the step (1) into a bubble cleaning pool for cleaning, and removing surface silt;
step (3), predrying: placing the fritillaria cirrhosa pieces with the diameter not less than 3cm obtained in the step (2) in a drying room for pre-drying for at least 4h, and removing part of water; the pre-drying time is 4-5h, so that the water of the fresh thunberg fritillary bulb is evaporated to a certain proportion, and slicing is facilitated; meanwhile, the pre-drying temperature is 40-70 ℃, so that the fresh thunberg fritillary bulb has partial toughness and is not easy to cut when being sliced; in a contrast test, the pre-drying time is respectively selected from 2h, 3h, 4h and 5 h; meanwhile, the pre-drying temperature is respectively selected from 40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃ and 70 ℃;
and (4) slicing: slicing the fritillary obtained in the step (3), wherein when the fritillary is sliced automatically, the rotating speed of a cutter is controlled to be 20-25r/s, the transmission speed of a conveyor belt is controlled to be 9-12r/s, the sliced fritillary is ensured to be flat, and the slice thickness is 3-5 mm; in a contrast test, the slice thickness is respectively selected to be 2mm, 3mm, 4mm and 5 mm;
and (5) drying: dishing the fritillary tablets obtained in the step (4), placing the fritillary tablets in a tunnel type drying room for gradient drying, setting the temperature for a linkage line drying room respectively until the fritillary tablets are completely dried to obtain the fritillary tablets; the drying temperature of the thunberg fritillary bulb is controlled at 50-70 ℃, and the content of the peimine and the peiminine of the thunberg fritillary bulb reaches the pharmacopeia standard; the drying time of the thunberg fritillary bulb on each section of drying oven is controlled to be 1-3h, so that the moisture of the thunberg fritillary bulb is ensured to meet the pharmacopoeia standard; specifically, a gradient temperature program was set in the comparative experiment, in which 50 ℃: 1-3 h; 55 ℃ of: 2-4 h; 60 ℃ below zero: 1-3 h; 65 ℃ of: 1-2 h; 70 ℃ below zero: 1-2 h.
And a comparison test 1 is used for investigating influence factors of the processing mode of the thunberg fritillary bulb.
Under the same processing mode, the influence of the pre-drying temperature and time on index components of the thunberg fritillary bulb is inspected, and the inspection method comprises the following steps: the thunberg fritillary bulb of the same variety is dug in the same place and processed according to the step (1) of the embodiment, only the pre-drying temperature and time are changed during processing, and the rest experimental conditions are kept consistent to obtain the thunberg fritillary bulb medicinal material. The results of the detection of fritillaria thunbergii A, B and water content thereof according to the examination item of fritillaria thunbergii in the Chinese pharmacopoeia 2015 edition are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 influence of different pre-drying temperatures and times on contents of alpha, beta and beta in Fritillaria thunbergii
From table 1, it can be seen that:
1) under the same drying temperature, the content of 40-50 ℃ Fritillaria thunbergii does not change obviously along with the extension of drying time, while the content of 60-70 ℃ Fritillaria thunbergii A, B and the content thereof are gradually reduced, even unqualified phenomenon occurs.
2) Compared with 50 ℃, the cutting plate is still in a brittle state within 4h at 40 ℃ and is not beneficial to slicing, and the cutting plate reaches a micro-wrinkled and tough state at 50 ℃ within 4h, so that the cutting plate is good in shape and less in fragments.
Comprehensively considering, in order to ensure the index components of the thunberg fritillary bulb, the pre-drying temperature is controlled to be between 40 and 50 ℃; in order to ensure that the thunberg fritillary bulb can not generate fragments as far as possible when the thunberg fritillary bulb is sliced by a machine, the time is optimally 4-5 h.
And (3) a comparison test 2, investigating influence factors of the slice thickness of the thunberg fritillary bulb.
As stipulated in the Chinese pharmacopoeia 2015 edition, dried thunberg fritillary bulb is required to be in a thick tablet of 2-4 mm. Under the same processing mode, the influence of the slice thickness on the thickness of the finished product of the thunberg fritillary bulb is inspected, and the inspection method comprises the following steps: digging the same variety of thunberg fritillary bulb in the same field, processing according to the step (1) of the embodiment, only changing the slice thickness of the thunberg fritillary bulb during processing, and keeping the other experimental conditions consistent to obtain the medicinal material of the thunberg fritillary bulb. The results are shown in Table 2 below according to the thick tablet requirements under the character inspection item of Zhejiang fritillaria in the Chinese pharmacopoeia 2015 edition.
TABLE 2 influence of different slice thicknesses on the thickness of finished product of Fritillaria thunbergii
| Slice thickness (mm) | Slice thickness (mm) | Shrinkage ratio |
| 2 | 1.61 | 1.242 |
| 3 | 2.41 | 1.245 |
| 4 | 3.25 | 1.231 |
| 5 | 4.08 | 1.225 |
| 6 | 4.93 | 1.217 |
From table 2, it can be seen that:
1) under the same processing technology conditions, the thickness of the finished product is increased along with the increase of the thickness of the fresh product slices, and the shrinkage ratio of the thickness of the fritillaria thunbergii mother slice has a descending trend, which is related to the hollow spaces in the internal structure (mainly starch) of the fritillaria thunbergii.
2) The thickness of the slices is known, and the thickness of the slices can only meet the thickness of the thick slices specified by pharmacopoeia when the fresh products are cut to 3-5 mm.
Comprehensively considering, because the fritillaria thunbergii mother tablets are easy to have the fragmentation phenomenon in the actual transportation process, the fritillaria thunbergii mother tablets should be sliced as thick as possible on the premise of not violating pharmacopoeia. More preferably, the thickness of fresh thunberg fritillary bulb tablets should be as close to 5mm as possible.
And a comparison test 3 is used for investigating influence factors of the processing mode of the thunberg fritillary bulb.
Under the same processing mode, the influence of drying temperature and time on index components of the thunberg fritillary bulb is examined, and the examination method is as follows: digging thunberg fritillary bulb of the same variety in the same place, processing according to the step (1) of the embodiment, only changing the drying temperature and time during processing, setting a gradient temperature-raising program through a large amount of preliminary experimental researches at the earlier stage, wherein the temperature is 50 ℃: 1-3h, 55 ℃: 2-4h, 60 ℃: 1-3h, 65 ℃: 1-2h, 70 ℃: 1-2h, keeping the other experimental conditions consistent, and obtaining the thunberg fritillary bulb medicinal material. The results of the tests on the first and second fritillary bulb and the water content thereof are shown in Table 3 below according to the examination item of Zhejiang fritillary bulb in the Chinese pharmacopoeia 2015 edition.
TABLE 3 influence of different drying temperatures and times on the content of Fritillaria thunbergii methyl ethyl
From table 3, it can be seen that:
1) under the same processing technology conditions, the drying temperature is increased, the related index components of the fritillaria thunbergii are in a descending trend, so that the index components of the fritillaria thunbergii mother tablets in the batch can not reach the specification of pharmacopeia when the drying temperature reaches 65 ℃ or above.
2) Within the same drying time, the moisture of the thunberg fritillary bulb under the conditions of 50 ℃ and 55 ℃ is not up to the standard (the specification of pharmacopoeia is not higher than 18.0%), while the moisture and the content are qualified under the drying condition of 60 ℃, the index component of the thunberg fritillary bulb is greatly reduced under the drying condition of 60 ℃, the index component is reduced by about 0.032% after the thunberg fritillary bulb is dried for 11 hours, and the index component of the thunberg fritillary bulb is not obviously reduced under the drying condition of temperature programming and the moisture is up to the standard. The reason is probably that when the moisture of fresh thunberg fritillary bulb is large in the former stage, the internal secondary metabolites are degraded or converted, the phenomenon is more obvious when the temperature is high in the former stage, and when the moisture of the fresh thunberg fritillary bulb is small in the later stage of drying, index components are insensitive to temperature change, so that the index components of the thunberg fritillary bulb cannot be reduced when the temperature is increased in the later stage.
Comprehensively considering, the drying process after slicing the thunberg fritillary bulb has great influence on the quality of the thunberg fritillary bulb, on the premise of ensuring the product quality, considering energy conservation and emission reduction and realizing the maximum capacity, and the programmed heating has great advantages.
The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention. Various modifications or additions may be made to the described embodiments or alternatives may be employed by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit or ambit of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A processing technology of high-quality fritillary bulb mother tablets is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step (1), digging and grading thunberg fritillary bulbs: digging thunberg fritillary bulb, and screening seeds with the diameter less than 3cm by using a vibrating screen; step (2), cleaning: placing the fritillary bulb obtained in the step (1) into a bubble cleaning pool for cleaning, and removing surface silt;
step (3), predrying: placing the fritillaria cirrhosa pieces with the diameter not less than 3cm obtained in the step (2) in a drying room for pre-drying for at least 4h, and removing part of water;
and (4) slicing: slicing the fritillaria obtained in the step (3) to obtain 3-5mm thick sections;
and (5) drying: dishing the fritillary tablets obtained in the step (4), placing the fritillary tablets in a tunnel type drying room for gradient drying, setting the temperature for a linkage line drying room respectively until the fritillary tablets are completely dried to obtain the fritillary tablets;
the specific process conditions of the gradient drying are as follows:
the drying temperature of the thunberg fritillary bulb is controlled to be 50-70 ℃, and the drying time of the thunberg fritillary bulb on each section of drying oven is controlled to be 1-3 h;
and (5) setting a gradient temperature increasing program, wherein the temperature is 50 ℃: 1-3 h; 55 ℃ of: 2-4 h; 60 ℃ below zero: 1-3 h; 65 ℃ of: 1-2 h; 70 ℃ below zero: 1-2 h.
2. The processing technology of high-quality fritillary bulb slices as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pre-drying temperature in the step (3) is 40-70 ℃, so that the fresh fritillary bulb has partial toughness and is not easy to cut into pieces during slicing.
3. The processing technology of high-quality fritillary bulb mother tablets as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pre-drying time in the step (3) is 4-5 hours, so that the water evaporation of fresh fritillary bulb reaches 30-45%, and slicing is facilitated.
4. The processing technology of high quality mother Bulbus Fritillariae Thunbergii according to claim 1, wherein during automatic slicing in step (4), the rotation speed of the cutter is controlled at 20-25r/s, and the transmission speed of the conveyor belt is controlled at 9-12r/s to ensure that the sliced sheet is flat.
5. The processing process of high quality Bulbus Fritillariae Thunbergii tablet as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (5) drying temperature of Bulbus Fritillariae Thunbergii ensures that the content of Fritillaria thunbergii methyl ethyl element reaches pharmacopeia standard, i.e. the content of Fritillaria thunbergii methyl ethyl element is not less than 0.080%.
6. The processing process of high quality Bulbus Fritillariae Thunbergii slices as claimed in claim 5, wherein the drying time of Bulbus Fritillariae Thunbergii on each oven in step (5) is controlled to ensure that the water content of Bulbus Fritillariae Thunbergii meets pharmacopoeia standard.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103127368A (en) * | 2013-02-20 | 2013-06-05 | 浙江中医药大学中药饮片有限公司 | Fresh-cut processing method of thunberg fritillary bulb decoction slice |
| CN104940247A (en) * | 2015-07-07 | 2015-09-30 | 贵阳名草堂绿色植物科技开发中心 | Processing method of white lucid ganoderma slices |
| CN108042586A (en) * | 2017-12-11 | 2018-05-18 | 重庆市神女药业股份有限公司 | Radix Angelicae Pubescentis takes advantage of fresh-cut processing technology |
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| CN106692398A (en) * | 2017-01-23 | 2017-05-24 | 陆川县良田镇春旺橘红种植专业合作社 | Processing method of exocarpium |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103127368A (en) * | 2013-02-20 | 2013-06-05 | 浙江中医药大学中药饮片有限公司 | Fresh-cut processing method of thunberg fritillary bulb decoction slice |
| CN104940247A (en) * | 2015-07-07 | 2015-09-30 | 贵阳名草堂绿色植物科技开发中心 | Processing method of white lucid ganoderma slices |
| CN108042586A (en) * | 2017-12-11 | 2018-05-18 | 重庆市神女药业股份有限公司 | Radix Angelicae Pubescentis takes advantage of fresh-cut processing technology |
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Address after: 322300 No.11, Yong'an East Road, Xincheng District, Pan'an County, Jinhua City, Zhejiang Province Patentee after: Kang'enbei (Zhejiang Pan'an) Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd. Country or region after: China Address before: 322300 No.11, Yong'an East Road, Xincheng District, Pan'an County, Jinhua City, Zhejiang Province Patentee before: Zhejiang pan Kang Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd. Country or region before: China |