CN111639849A - Passenger flow confluence walking behavior simulation method for station facility combination part - Google Patents

Passenger flow confluence walking behavior simulation method for station facility combination part Download PDF

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CN111639849A
CN111639849A CN202010458615.4A CN202010458615A CN111639849A CN 111639849 A CN111639849 A CN 111639849A CN 202010458615 A CN202010458615 A CN 202010458615A CN 111639849 A CN111639849 A CN 111639849A
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pedestrian
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徐杰
梁梦迪
张慧
史艺菡
贾利民
秦勇
陈益雯
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Beijing Jiaotong University
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Abstract

The invention provides a passenger flow confluence walking behavior simulation method of a station facility combination part. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring a layout structure, a geometric dimension and passenger flow line characteristics of a station facility joint, and dividing the station facility joint into a passage straight-going area, a stair area, a confluence area and an exit straight-going area; simulating the traveling behaviors of passenger flows in a channel straight-traveling area and an exit straight-traveling area by using a classical social force model; introducing a walking behavior of a three-dimensional social force simulation passenger flow in a stair area; and introducing attraction force, and simulating the walking behavior of the pedestrian in the confluence area by using a turning social force model. The method simulates and quantifies the relation between the walking parameters, the passing time and the layout structure and the geometric attributes of the channel under different scenes, constructs the indexes of the walking state and the passing rate of the facility area as bottleneck identification, and provides improvement suggestions for the optimization of passenger flow movement in the confluence area and the design of the facility combination part.

Description

Passenger flow confluence walking behavior simulation method for station facility combination part
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of urban rail transit, in particular to a passenger flow converging and walking behavior simulation method for a station facility combination part.
Background
According to the statistics of Beijing subway operation data, the daily arrival passenger flow of a busy station exceeds 25 thousands of people, and the intra-station congestion becomes the normal operation state. The complex pedestrian streamline is arranged in the facility combining part, traffic jam occurs easily, and potential safety hazards in the subway station are caused. The passing efficiency and the service level of the passenger flow are improved, and the traveling mechanism of the passenger flow at the facility combination part needs to be deeply researched and refined. Confluence behavior is an important walking behavior of a facility junction and often occurs in a region where people moving in multiple directions form a single flow through turning and fusion motions. The confluence area is a bottleneck facility, and the personal safety of passengers can be threatened under high density. How to reduce the crowding probability of passenger flow in a bottleneck area, improve the passing efficiency of the passenger flow and stop trampling caused by overcrowding is a problem to be solved urgently for subway operation managers.
At present, in the prior art, the study on the passenger flow traveling mechanism in different scene states mainly aims at the traveling and evacuating behavior characteristics of the whole network of a single facility and a scene, and the study on the aspects of bottleneck identification, passenger flow control optimization, balanced evacuation, infrastructure service level evaluation and the like is carried out. Certain achievements have been achieved on pedestrian flow models, confluence walking behaviors in Y-shaped channels and walking mechanisms of personnel in rail transit stations, and the conclusion is as follows:
(1) in the aspect of running behavior analysis of confluent people in a subway station, the existing research mostly adopts a field experiment mode, different confluent scenes are set, the geometric characteristics of a channel or passenger flow running parameters are changed, the running characteristics such as the track, the speed, the density and the like in the confluent process are recorded and analyzed, and the influence of different facility geometric conditions on the confluent people is researched by contrasting experiments under the condition of exploring different characteristic passenger flows. Partial research provides a new pedestrian flow data detection and analysis method to obtain speed-density basic graphs and special walking behaviors of the confluent people in different traffic scenes.
(2) The study on the walking mechanism of the personnel in the subway station is microscopically mainly focused on the influence of the interaction of the pedestrians, the exit attribute, the layout and the layout form of the obstacles and the like on the passenger flow walking parameters on a single facility. The research method mainly comprises two methods of theoretical calculation and software simulation. In the macroscopic aspect, more attention is paid to different paths selected by pedestrians, bottleneck recognition and evaluation and a subway station passenger flow distributed control optimization method.
The study on the walking behavior of confluent people under different scene states in the prior art has the following disadvantages:
(1) at present, the research of applying the pedestrian flow model to the confluence behavior is very deficient, and the dynamic characteristics of the interaction of the pedestrians and individuals under a specific environment are not clear.
(2) When the walking behaviors of the confluent people are researched, a site experiment mode is mostly adopted, the passenger flow walking characteristics are statistically analyzed, and the site experiment has larger limitation and is greatly different from the actual walking behaviors in the subway station.
(3) The research on the passenger flow traveling mechanism is a multi-borrowing site experiment, the influence of the passenger flow state on the traffic efficiency is discussed, or the influence of the change of the geometric attribute of a single facility in a subway station on the service level is considered, the attention on the facility combination part is less, and the research on the influence of the geometric attribute of the facility, the confluence mode and the coupling effect of a channel structure on the passenger flow traveling mechanism is lacked.
(4) At present, when the influence of geometrical characteristics such as channel width, confluence angle and the like on a passenger flow walking mechanism is considered in research, setting scenes are few, and most obtained conclusions are qualitative conclusions. The walking mechanism research mainly focuses on the speed-density basic diagram and the discussion of the passing time, and the analysis on the unit time throughput, the population speed distribution and other influencing factors is less. It has not been clarified whether there is a quantitative relationship between the facility geometric attributes and the travel parameters.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a passenger flow converging and walking behavior simulation method for a station facility combination part, which aims to overcome the problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme.
A passenger flow confluence walking behavior simulation method for a station facility joint part comprises the following steps:
acquiring a layout structure, a geometric dimension and passenger flow line characteristics of a station facility joint, and dividing the station facility joint into a passage straight-going area, a stair area, a confluence area and an exit straight-going area;
simulating the walking behaviors of passenger flow in a channel straight-going area and an exit straight-going area by using a classical social force model, wherein in the walking process, pedestrians are driven by the resultant force of three parts, namely self-driving force, acting force between the pedestrians and an obstacle;
introducing a walking behavior of a three-dimensional social force simulation passenger flow in a stair area;
and introducing attraction force, and simulating the walking behavior of the pedestrian in the confluence area by using a turning social force model.
Preferably, the method for simulating the walking behaviors of the passenger flow in the passageway straight-going area and the exit straight-going area by using the classical social force model, wherein the pedestrians are driven by the resultant force of three parts, namely self-driving force, acting force among the pedestrians and acting force between the pedestrians and an obstacle in the walking process, and the method comprises the following steps of:
pedestrian ped during travel of pedestrian in aisle straightgoing and exit straightgoing zonesiDriven by the resultant force of three parts of self-driving force, acting force between pedestrians and acting force between the pedestrians and obstacles, the turning social force model is used for describing the interaction states of passenger flow between the pedestrians and facilities in the subway station:
Figure BDA0002510160960000031
Figure BDA0002510160960000032
wherein:
mipedestrian pediThe mass of (c);
Figure BDA0002510160960000033
pedestrian pediInstantaneous speed at time t;
Figure BDA0002510160960000034
pedestrian pediThe magnitude of the resultant force of the received social force;
ξia random variable which is a fluctuation item set for representing the random change of the walking behavior of the pedestrian;
Figure BDA0002510160960000041
a self-driving force;
Figure BDA0002510160960000042
with other pedestrians pedjThe resultant of the applied forces of (a);
Figure BDA0002510160960000043
resulting in a force acting on the obstacle w.
When pediBefore passing through the centre of turning, i.e. βtPed when the ratio is less than or equal to β/2iUnder the action of self-driving force, resistance force, acting force and attractive force between pedestrian and obstacle pediAfter passing through the center of the turn, i.e. βtNot less than β/2, no longer influenced by resistance and attraction, increase resistance and attraction in the turning social force model:
Figure BDA0002510160960000044
wherein:
Figure BDA0002510160960000045
resistance experienced during cornering;
Figure BDA0002510160960000046
the attractive force experienced during cornering;
Figure BDA0002510160960000047
as a piecewise function:
Figure BDA0002510160960000048
ped will be mixediThe desired speed at the time of a turn in the confluence region is resolved into
Figure BDA0002510160960000049
And
Figure BDA00025101609600000410
the two speeds are perpendicular to each other, when the pedestrian starts to turn, βt＝0°，
Figure BDA00025101609600000411
sinβt0, with βtThe number of the grooves is increased, and the,
Figure BDA00025101609600000412
increase from 0 to
Figure BDA00025101609600000413
By
Figure BDA00025101609600000414
Begins to gradually decrease to 0, pediThe desired speed formula when turning is:
Figure BDA00025101609600000415
pedithe driving force of (a) is:
Figure BDA00025101609600000416
ped during turningiThe resistance received is related to the density of passenger flow, the actual speed when turning and the turning angle in a certain time, and the formula of the resistance is as follows:
Figure BDA0002510160960000051
wherein:
A——pedian influence factor of the velocity;
——pediinfluence factors of the turning angles;
Figure BDA0002510160960000052
unit vector, opposite to the desired velocity.
Pedestrian pediWhen the turning is started and the turning center is not passed through, the curve is regarded as pediThe uniform circular motion is carried out, and the attraction force directed to the turning center acts on the steering wheel:
Figure BDA0002510160960000053
wherein:
kattr-a model parameter;
vt——pedivelocity at time t;
Figure BDA0002510160960000054
unit vector pointing to the centre of the turn and perpendicular to pediThe walking direction of (1).
Preferably, the step of introducing the three-dimensional social force to simulate the walking behavior of the passenger flow in the stair area comprises the following steps:
defining the included angle theta between the stairs and the horizontal ground as the gradient of the stairs, when the pedestrian pediWhen going upstairs, the component of gravity parallel to the direction of the stairs goes upConversion to ped during the process of liftingiResistance of pediUnder the action of self-driving force, acting force between pedestrians, acting force between the pedestrians and an obstacle, and the resistance action of the pedestrians converted from gravity:
Figure BDA0002510160960000055
wherein:
Figure BDA0002510160960000056
for the gravity to translate into a resistance to advance when climbing stairs, also a component parallel to the direction of the stairs:
Figure BDA0002510160960000057
wherein:
g-gravitational acceleration;
theta-stair slope;
Figure BDA0002510160960000061
direction of movement in an ascending stair area;
when pedestrian pediWhen the stair is descended, the component of the gravity parallel to the direction of the stair is converted into a part of the driving force in the process of going downstairs, and the component of the force continuously exists under the influence of the gravity and is recorded as
Figure BDA0002510160960000062
Figure BDA0002510160960000063
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002510160960000064
the expression of (a) is:
Figure BDA0002510160960000065
wherein:
Figure BDA0002510160960000066
direction of movement in a descending stair zone;
the down speed control force decelerates the pedestrian.
Figure BDA0002510160960000067
Wherein:
Cpsyis a downlink speed control coefficient;
in conclusion, the three-dimensional social force model for simulating the walking behavior of the passenger flow in the stair area is as follows:
Figure BDA0002510160960000068
wherein:
γ — piecewise function, γ is 0 when the pedestrian goes upstairs and 1 when the pedestrian goes downstairs;
Figure BDA0002510160960000069
the direction of movement of the pedestrian on the stairs, including the upstairs direction
Figure BDA00025101609600000610
And the direction of going downstairs
Figure BDA00025101609600000611
f (theta) -a piecewise function representing that the gravity component force and the descending speed control force are both 0 when the pedestrian moves on the plane; when the pedestrian moves on the stairs, vertical displacement occurs, and the pedestrian is influenced by the gravity component and the descending speed control force:
Figure BDA0002510160960000071
the desired speed and instantaneous speed of the pedestrian at the turn are obtained.
Preferably, the inducing attraction simulates the walking behavior of a pedestrian in the confluence region by using a turning social force model, and comprises the following steps:
the walking of the pedestrian in the three-dimensional Y-shaped channel is divided into three processes, namely the pedestrian descends in an entrance descending stair area, turns in a confluence area and straightly moves in an exit straight area, the pedestrian makes uniform-speed circular motion in the confluence area, and the single pedestrian pediThe forces of walking in the Y-shaped channel are as follows:
Figure BDA0002510160960000072
Figure BDA0002510160960000073
during steering, the speed and angle of turn of the pedestrian at the turn start position will affect pediThe greater the resistance experienced, the greater the starting speed and the angle turned, the greater the resistance, and the formula for the resistance:
Figure BDA0002510160960000074
due to pediMaking uniform-speed circular motion in the course of turning to pediWill be acted by centripetal force directed to the steering center, the formula is:
Figure BDA0002510160960000075
wherein:
kcen-a model parameter.
By pedestrian pediThe relation between the speed and the acceleration is obtained by the stress formula, and the instantaneous speed is obtained by the differential of the pedestrian displacement:
Figure BDA0002510160960000081
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002510160960000082
is a pedestrian pediDisplacement of (2).
The desired speed is a speed desired by the pedestrian, and represents a speed which is optimal to satisfy the self condition at time t, and the straight region and the merging region of the junction are set to the respective constant values in the model.
The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention can show that the embodiment of the invention aims at the problems that the junction of the passenger flow subway station channel merges and turns, the mutual influence generates disturbance in the traveling process, the classical social force model is improved, the relationship among the traveling parameters, the passing time, the layout structure of the channel and the geometric attributes under different scenes is quantized in a simulation mode through the channel structure, the merging mode and the geometric attributes, the index of which the traveling state and the passing rate of the facility area are the bottleneck identification is constructed, and the improvement suggestion is provided for the optimization of the passenger flow movement in the merging area and the design of the facility junction.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a processing flow chart of a passenger flow merging and walking behavior simulation method at a station facility junction according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a pedestrian ped provided by the embodiment of the inventioniA schematic diagram before passing through a turning center in the running process of the confluence area;
fig. 3 is a pedestrian ped according to an embodiment of the present inventioniA schematic diagram after passing through a turning center in the running process of the confluence area;
FIG. 4 illustrates a single pedestrian ped according to an embodiment of the present inventioniAnd (3) a stress diagram of walking in the channel.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are illustrative only for the purpose of explaining the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an", "the" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "connected" or "coupled" to another element, it can be directly connected or coupled to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. Further, "connected" or "coupled" as used herein may include wirelessly connected or coupled. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the prior art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
For the convenience of understanding the embodiments of the present invention, the following description will be further explained by taking several specific embodiments as examples in conjunction with the drawings, and the embodiments are not to be construed as limiting the embodiments of the present invention.
Aiming at the turning behavior of the passenger flow in the facility combination part confluence area, the embodiment of the invention increases resistance and attraction to simulate the turning behavior of the passenger flow in the facility combination part confluence area on the basis of the driving force, the acting force between pedestrians and the acting force between the pedestrians and the obstacle which are considered by the classical social force model of the pedestrian walking behavior.
The processing flow of the passenger flow converging and walking behavior simulation method for the station facility combining part provided by the embodiment of the invention is shown in fig. 1, and comprises the following processing steps:
step S1: the method comprises the steps of obtaining the layout structure, the geometric dimension and the passenger flow streamline characteristics of a station facility combination part, dividing the station facility combination part into a passage straight-going area, a stair area, a confluence area, an exit straight-going area and the like, setting expected traveling speed and quality parameters of passenger flow in the range of each area, and setting the passenger flow pediAngle β turned during cornering:
Figure BDA0002510160960000101
wherein: and omega is the uniform angular speed in the steering process. Δ t is a unit running time.
When pediBefore passing through the centre of turning, i.e. βtPed when the ratio is less than or equal to β/2iIs acted by self-driving force, resistance, acting force and attractive force between pedestrians and obstacles. pediAfter passing through the center of the turn, i.e. βtNot less than β/2, and is not influenced by resistance and attraction.
Step S2: the classical social force model is used for simulating the walking behaviors of pedestrians in a channel straight-going area and an exit straight-going area, and the pedestrians ped are in the walking processiDriven by the resultant force of self-driving force, acting force between pedestrians and acting force between the pedestrians and barriers to describe passenger flow among pedestrians, pedestrians and barriers in the subway stationComplex state of interaction between facilities:
Figure BDA0002510160960000102
Figure BDA0002510160960000103
wherein:
mipedestrian pediThe mass of (c);
Figure BDA0002510160960000111
pedestrian pediInstantaneous speed at time t;
Figure BDA0002510160960000112
pedestrian pediThe magnitude of the resultant force of the received social force;
ξia random variable which is a fluctuation item set for representing the random change of the walking behavior of the pedestrian;
Figure BDA0002510160960000113
a self-driving force;
Figure BDA0002510160960000114
with other pedestrians pedjThe resultant of the applied forces of (a);
Figure BDA0002510160960000115
resulting in a force acting on the obstacle w.
When pediBefore passing through the centre of turning, i.e. βtPed when the ratio is less than or equal to β/2iIs acted by self-driving force, resistance, acting force and attractive force between pedestrians and obstacles. pediAfter passing through the center of the turn, i.e. βtNot less than β/2, no longer influenced by resistance and attraction force, increase resistance and attraction force in the turning social force model:
Figure BDA0002510160960000116
wherein:
Figure BDA0002510160960000117
resistance experienced during cornering;
Figure BDA0002510160960000118
the attractive force received during cornering.
Figure BDA0002510160960000119
As a piecewise function:
Figure BDA00025101609600001110
ped will be mixediThe desired speed at the time of a turn in the confluence region is resolved into
Figure BDA00025101609600001111
And
Figure BDA00025101609600001112
the speeds are perpendicular to each other, when the pedestrian starts to turn, βt＝0°，
Figure BDA00025101609600001113
sinβt0 with βtThe number of the grooves is increased, and the,
Figure BDA00025101609600001114
increase from 0 to
Figure BDA00025101609600001115
By
Figure BDA00025101609600001116
And begins to gradually decrease to 0. Thus pediThe desired speed formula when turning is:
Figure BDA00025101609600001117
pedithe driving force of (a) is:
Figure BDA0002510160960000121
ped during turningiThe resistance experienced is related to the density of the passenger flow, the actual speed at which the turn is initiated and the angle of the turn over a certain time. The formula of the resistance is as follows:
Figure BDA0002510160960000122
wherein:
A——pedian influence factor of the velocity;
——pediinfluence factors of the turning angles;
Figure BDA0002510160960000123
unit vector, opposite to the desired velocity.
Pedestrian pediWhen starting a turn and not passing through the center of the turn, can be viewed as pediThe uniform circular motion is carried out, and the attraction force directed to the turning center acts on the steering wheel:
Figure BDA0002510160960000124
wherein:
kattr-a model parameter;
vt——pedivelocity at time t;
Figure BDA0002510160960000125
unit vector pointing to the centre of the turn and perpendicular to pediWalk ofAnd (4) direction.
The instantaneous speed and the desired speed can be obtained.
Step S3: the walking behavior of the three-dimensional social force simulation passenger flow in the stair area is introduced.
According to the basic principle of the earth gravity field, when a person is in the space of the joint part of the stair facilities, the gravity generates a downward component when the person walks, and three-dimensional social force is introduced to simulate the walking behavior of passenger flow in the stair area. The stair ascending passenger flow needs to complete the movement in the horizontal direction, also needs to overcome the gravity to lift upwards, and establishes an improved social force model for simulating the walking behavior by using self-driving force, acting force between pedestrians, acting force between the pedestrians and an obstacle, pedestrian resistance converted from the gravity and the like.
And defining an included angle theta between the stairs and the horizontal ground as the gradient of the stairs. When pedestrian pediWhen going upstairs, the component of gravity parallel to the direction of the stairs is converted into ped during the rising processiThe resistance of (1). At this point pediUnder the action of self-driving force, acting force between pedestrians, acting force between the pedestrians and an obstacle, and the resistance action of the pedestrians converted from gravity:
Figure BDA0002510160960000131
wherein:
Figure BDA0002510160960000132
for the gravity to translate into a resistance to advance when climbing stairs, also a component parallel to the direction of the stairs:
Figure BDA0002510160960000133
wherein:
g-gravitational acceleration;
theta-stair slope;
Figure BDA0002510160960000134
in the region of ascending stairsThe direction of motion.
When pedestrian pediWhen the stair is descended, the component of the gravity parallel to the direction of the stair is converted into a part of the driving force in the process of going downstairs, and the component of the force continuously exists under the influence of the gravity and is recorded as
Figure BDA0002510160960000135
The passenger flow going down the stairs needs to keep track of the stepping positions of the stairs to prevent stepping empty, and the walking behavior of the passenger flow on the going down stairs is perfected by introducing the descending speed control force.
Figure BDA0002510160960000136
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002510160960000137
the expression of (a) is:
Figure BDA0002510160960000138
wherein:
Figure BDA0002510160960000139
in the direction of movement of the descending stair area.
The down speed control force decelerates the pedestrian.
Figure BDA0002510160960000141
Wherein:
Cpsyis a downlink speed control coefficient.
In conclusion, the three-dimensional social force model:
Figure BDA0002510160960000142
wherein:
γ — piecewise function, γ is 0 when the pedestrian goes upstairs and 1 when the pedestrian goes downstairs;
Figure BDA0002510160960000143
the direction of movement of the pedestrian on the stairs, including the upstairs direction
Figure BDA0002510160960000144
And the direction of going downstairs
Figure BDA0002510160960000145
f (theta) -a piecewise function representing that the gravity component force and the descending speed control force are both 0 when the pedestrian moves on the plane; when the pedestrian moves on the stairs, vertical displacement occurs, and the pedestrian is influenced by the gravity component and the descending speed control force:
Figure BDA0002510160960000146
the desired speed and instantaneous speed of the pedestrian at the turn are obtained.
Step S4: a stair turning model is introduced to simulate the walking behavior of pedestrians in a stair confluence area.
When a pedestrian walks in the three-dimensional Y-shaped channel, the three-dimensional Y-shaped channel can be divided into three processes, namely, the pedestrian descends in an entrance descending stair area, turns in a confluence area and straightly moves in an exit straight area. The pedestrians do uniform-speed circular motion in the confluence area, and a single pedestrian pediThe forces of walking in the channels are shown in fig. 4.
The stress of the pedestrian in the walking process is as follows,
Figure BDA0002510160960000147
Figure BDA0002510160960000148
during steering, the speed and angle of turn of the pedestrian at the turn start position will affect pediIs subjected toThe greater the starting speed and the angle of rotation, the greater the resistance, and the formula for the resistance is:
Figure BDA0002510160960000151
due to pediMaking uniform-speed circular motion in the course of turning to pediWill be acted by centripetal force directed to the steering center, the formula is:
Figure BDA0002510160960000152
wherein:
kcen-a model parameter.
Likewise, the force of the pedestrian is solved to obtain the expected speed and the instantaneous speed at the position.
By pedestrian pediThe force formula of (2) can obtain the relation between the speed and the acceleration, and the instantaneous speed can be obtained by the differential of the pedestrian displacement:
Figure BDA0002510160960000153
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002510160960000154
is a pedestrian pediDisplacement of (2).
The desired speed is a speed desired by the pedestrian, and represents a speed which is optimal to satisfy the self condition at time t, and the straight region and the merging region of the junction are set to the respective constant values in the model.
In conclusion, the invention starts from the characteristic analysis of the passenger flow traveling process at the facility joint part, increases the motion difference of the passenger flow in the straight channel region and the altitude difference region at the turning region, the facility exit and the entrance of the facility joint part according to the passenger flow, improves the traveling behavior classical social force model, can effectively simulate the traveling process of individual and group of the passenger flow at the facility joint part, and has smaller errors compared with the experimental data in the average speed, the average density and the throughput of unit time output by the improved social force model compared with the classical social force model. The method can obtain a functional expression of the width of the branch passage, the confluence angle and the passing time, and when the passenger flow density is in a range of 1.25-1.65 p/m2, the calculated error of the passing time of the passenger flow at the facility joint part is 0.125-12.871%. The quantitative relation among the confluence angle, the width of the main channel and the passing time can be obtained, and the method is suitable for the condition that the passenger flow density is in the range of 1.15-1.85 p/m2, and the prediction error is 0.199% -11.817%.
The embodiment of the invention aims at the problems that the junction of the passenger flow subway station channel merges and turns around, the mutual influence generates disturbance in the walking process, the classical social force model is improved, the relation between the walking parameters, the passing time, the layout structure of the channel and the geometric attributes under different scenes is quantized from the channel structure, the merging mode and the geometric attribute simulation, the walking state and the passing rate of the facility area are constructed as the index of bottleneck identification, and the improvement suggestion is provided for the optimization of passenger flow movement in the merging area and the design of the facility junction. When the passenger flow increases sharply, the pedestrian flow line in the passage can be changed, and the passenger flow is controlled in the walking direction of the stairs to reduce the jam probability. The density control index for controlling the confluence area can not exceed the critical density, and the passenger flow passing time can be predicted according to the channel width and the confluence angle and can be used as a reference for bottleneck untwining.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that: the figures are merely schematic representations of one embodiment, and the blocks or flow diagrams in the figures are not necessarily required to practice the present invention.
The embodiments in the present specification are described in a progressive manner, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from the other embodiments. In particular, for apparatus or system embodiments, since they are substantially similar to method embodiments, they are described in relative terms, as long as they are described in partial descriptions of method embodiments. The above-described embodiments of the apparatus and system are merely illustrative, and the units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and the parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the present embodiment. One of ordinary skill in the art can understand and implement it without inventive effort.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (4)

1. A passenger flow confluence walking behavior simulation method for a station facility combination part is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring a layout structure, a geometric dimension and passenger flow line characteristics of a station facility joint, and dividing the station facility joint into a passage straight-going area, a stair area, a confluence area and an exit straight-going area;
simulating the walking behaviors of passenger flow in a channel straight-going area and an exit straight-going area by using a classical social force model, wherein in the walking process, pedestrians are driven by the resultant force of three parts, namely self-driving force, acting force between the pedestrians and an obstacle;
introducing a walking behavior of a three-dimensional social force simulation passenger flow in a stair area;
and introducing attraction force, and simulating the walking behavior of the pedestrian in the confluence area by using a turning social force model.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the simulating the walking behavior of the passenger flow in the passageway straight-going area and the exit straight-going area by using the classical social force model, wherein the pedestrians are driven by the resultant force of three parts, namely self-driving force, acting force between the pedestrians and obstacles in the walking process, comprises the following steps:
pedestrian ped during travel of pedestrian in aisle straightgoing and exit straightgoing zonesiDriven by the resultant force of three parts of self-driving force, acting force between pedestrians and acting force between the pedestrians and obstacles, the turning social force model is used for describing the interaction states of passenger flow between the pedestrians and facilities in the subway station:
Figure FDA0002510160950000011
Figure FDA0002510160950000012
wherein:
mipedestrian pediThe mass of (c);
Figure FDA0002510160950000013
pedestrian pediInstantaneous speed at time t;
Figure FDA0002510160950000014
pedestrian pediThe magnitude of the resultant force of the received social force;
ξia random variable which is a fluctuation item set for representing the random change of the walking behavior of the pedestrian;
Figure FDA0002510160950000021
—pedia self-driving force;
Figure FDA0002510160950000022
—pediwith other pedestrians pedjThe resultant of the applied forces of (a);
Figure FDA0002510160950000023
—pediresulting in a force acting on the obstacle w.
When pediBefore passing through the centre of turning, i.e. βtPed when the ratio is less than or equal to β/2iUnder the action of self-driving force, resistance force, acting force and attractive force between pedestrian and obstacle pediAfter passing through the center of the turn, i.e. βtNot less than β/2, no longer influenced by resistance and attraction, increase resistance and attraction in the turning social force model:
Figure FDA0002510160950000024
wherein:
Figure FDA0002510160950000025
——pediresistance experienced during cornering;
Figure FDA0002510160950000026
——pedithe attractive force experienced during cornering;
Figure FDA0002510160950000027
as a piecewise function:
Figure FDA0002510160950000028
ped will be mixediThe desired speed at the time of a turn in the confluence region is resolved into
Figure FDA0002510160950000029
And
Figure FDA00025101609500000210
the two speeds are perpendicular to each other, when the pedestrian starts to turn, βt＝0°，
Figure FDA00025101609500000211
With βtThe number of the grooves is increased, and the,
Figure FDA00025101609500000212
increase from 0 to
Figure FDA00025101609500000213
By
Figure FDA00025101609500000214
Begins to gradually decrease to 0, pediThe desired speed formula when turning is:
Figure FDA00025101609500000215
pedithe driving force of (a) is:
Figure FDA00025101609500000216
ped during turningiThe resistance received is related to the density of passenger flow, the actual speed when turning and the turning angle in a certain time, and the formula of the resistance is as follows:
Figure FDA0002510160950000031
wherein:
A——pedian influence factor of the velocity;
——pediinfluence factors of the turning angles;
Figure FDA0002510160950000032
unit vector, opposite to the desired velocity.
Pedestrian pediWhen the turning is started and the turning center is not passed through, the curve is regarded as pediThe uniform circular motion is carried out, and the attraction force directed to the turning center acts on the steering wheel:
Figure FDA0002510160950000033
wherein:
kattr-a model parameter;
vt——pedivelocity at time t;
Figure FDA0002510160950000034
unit vector pointing to the centre of the turn and perpendicular to pediThe walking direction of (1).
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of introducing the three-dimensional social force to simulate the walking behavior of the passenger flow in the stair area comprises:
defining the included angle theta between the stairs and the horizontal ground as the gradient of the stairs, when the pedestrian pediWhen going upstairs, the component of gravity parallel to the direction of the stairs is converted into ped during the rising processiResistance of pediUnder the action of self-driving force, acting force between pedestrians, acting force between the pedestrians and an obstacle, and the resistance action of the pedestrians converted from gravity:
Figure FDA0002510160950000035
wherein:
Figure FDA0002510160950000036
for the gravity to translate into a resistance to advance when climbing stairs, also a component parallel to the direction of the stairs:
Figure FDA0002510160950000041
wherein:
g-gravitational acceleration;
theta-stair slope;
Figure FDA0002510160950000042
——pedidirection of movement in an ascending stair area;
when pedestrian pediWhen the stair is descended, the component of the gravity parallel to the direction of the stair is converted into a part of the driving force in the process of going downstairs, and the component of the force continuously exists under the influence of the gravity and is recorded as
Figure FDA0002510160950000043
Figure FDA0002510160950000044
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0002510160950000045
the expression of (a) is:
Figure FDA0002510160950000046
wherein:
Figure FDA0002510160950000047
——pedidirection of movement in a descending stair zone;
the down speed control force decelerates the pedestrian.
Figure FDA0002510160950000048
Wherein:
Cpsyis a downlink speed control coefficient;
in conclusion, the three-dimensional social force model for simulating the walking behavior of the passenger flow in the stair area is as follows:
Figure FDA0002510160950000049
wherein:
γ — piecewise function, γ is 0 when the pedestrian goes upstairs and 1 when the pedestrian goes downstairs;
Figure FDA00025101609500000410
the direction of movement of the pedestrian on the stairs, including the upstairs direction
Figure FDA00025101609500000411
And the direction of going downstairs
Figure FDA00025101609500000412
f (theta) -a piecewise function representing that the gravity component force and the descending speed control force are both 0 when the pedestrian moves on the plane; when the pedestrian moves on the stairs, vertical displacement occurs, and the pedestrian is influenced by the gravity component and the descending speed control force:
Figure FDA0002510160950000051
the desired speed and instantaneous speed of the pedestrian at the turn are obtained.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein said inducing an attractive force simulates a pedestrian's walking behavior in a merge area using a turning social force model, comprising:
the walking of the pedestrian in the three-dimensional Y-shaped channel is divided into three processes, namely the pedestrian descends in an entrance descending stair area, turns in a confluence area and straightly moves in an exit straight area, the pedestrian makes uniform-speed circular motion in the confluence area, and the single pedestrian pediThe forces of walking in the Y-shaped channel are as follows:
Figure FDA0002510160950000052
Figure FDA0002510160950000053
during steering, the speed and angle of turn of the pedestrian at the turn start position will affect pediThe greater the resistance experienced, the greater the starting speed and the angle turned, the greater the resistance, and the formula for the resistance:
Figure FDA0002510160950000054
due to pediMaking uniform-speed circular motion in the course of turning to pediWill be acted by centripetal force directed to the steering center, the formula is:
Figure FDA0002510160950000055
wherein:
kcen-a model parameter.
By pedestrian pediThe relation between the speed and the acceleration is obtained by the stress formula, and the instantaneous speed is obtained by the differential of the pedestrian displacement:
Figure FDA0002510160950000061
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0002510160950000062
is a pedestrian pediDisplacement of (2).
The desired speed is a speed desired by the pedestrian, and represents a speed which is optimal to satisfy the self condition at time t, and the straight region and the merging region of the junction are set to the respective constant values in the model.
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