CN111639841A - Lightning trip-out risk comprehensive evaluation method for high-voltage transmission line - Google Patents
Lightning trip-out risk comprehensive evaluation method for high-voltage transmission line Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a lightning trip risk comprehensive evaluation method for a high-voltage transmission line. According to the method, a multi-node power grid model is constructed according to a line to be evaluated, and node voltage and power are obtained through calculation; setting reclosing action condition state data under various fault types, obtaining the power flow ratio before and after line faults through static safety analysis, obtaining the mean fault stability time through N-1 and N-2 fault transient stability checking, and introducing line transmission power and electricity price to calculate dynamic operation loss after the line has lightning stroke tripping faults; calculating the static trip loss of the line according to the trip coefficient, the average repair time after the line fault and the cost; and calculating the comprehensive loss after the line fault according to the dynamic operation loss and the static trip loss, and setting the lightning trip risk comprehensive evaluation grade according to the ratio of the comprehensive loss after the line fault to the total loss of the area where the line is located to evaluate the line. The invention can comprehensively evaluate the high-voltage transmission line by the method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of risk assessment of high-voltage transmission lines, and particularly relates to a lightning trip risk comprehensive assessment method of a high-voltage transmission line.
Background
In recent years, with the rapid construction of important power transmission lines such as ultra-high voltage lines, extra-high voltage lines, important load power supply lines, large power supply output lines, cross-regional networking lines and the like, and the increasingly-reduced number of available line corridors caused by the shortage of land resources, power transmission channels with large transmission capacity and compact line arrangement are gradually formed in the power grid in China, and become hubs responsible for inter-regional power transmission. Lightning activities in most areas of China are frequent, and lightning stroke is the most main reason for tripping of a power transmission line and accounts for 40% -70%. Therefore, the important power transmission channel multi-line lightning risk assessment technology research by mastering important power transmission channel lightning distribution characteristic rules has very important significance.
Most of the existing high-voltage transmission line lightning trip risk assessment methods are to establish corresponding models and algorithms and to evaluate lines by dividing different grades based on the lightning trip rate of the transmission line. Common lightning quantitative calculation models comprise a regulation method, an electrical geometry model, a pilot development model, a Monte Carlo method, a traveling wave method and an improved algorithm model thereof, the current risk assessment method only relates to the field of static lightning protection calculation, and the safety stability level of the power grid load operation after the line is influenced by lightning is not considered, so that the assessment result is a fixed value in the static calculation aspect. With the development of smart power grids, the static risk assessment of the power transmission line cannot completely meet the requirements of the power system in operation and maintenance.
According to statistics, the current fault types of the power grid caused by lightning strike include single-phase permanent faults, two-phase permanent faults, phase-to-phase faults and three-phase permanent ground short circuit faults. Reclosing success rate. In 95 lightning trip accidents occurring in the years of 2016 and 2019 in the China area, the coincidence is successful for 87 times, which accounts for 91.58%. The failure of coincidence can cause great influence on the line power transmission and the stable operation level of a power grid, so that the dynamic tide is also a problem which needs to be considered for power transmission line evaluation.
Therefore, the lightning trip risk assessment method of the high-voltage transmission line extends the range of the existing lightning trip risk assessment method of the high-voltage transmission line, introduces power system safety analysis based on tidal current calculation according to the transient stability criterion of the power system to obtain the tidal current ratio before and after the line fault and the average stability time of the line fault, introduces dynamic operation loss by combining the line transmission power and the electricity price, combines with static trip loss calculated based on the lightning trip rate, assesses the lightning trip risk of the transmission line according to the comprehensive loss, is favorable for assessing the risk of the high-voltage transmission line, and provides a basis for improving the safe and stable operation level of a power grid.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a lightning trip risk comprehensive evaluation method for a high-voltage transmission line.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a lightning trip-out risk comprehensive evaluation method for a high-voltage transmission line comprises the following steps:
step 1, selecting a line with frequent lightning falling in a power grid area, taking the line with frequent lightning falling and a line belonging to the same level of power grid jurisdiction area as lines to be evaluated together with the line with frequent lightning falling, constructing a multi-node power grid model according to the lines to be evaluated, setting parameters of the multi-node power grid model, obtaining node voltage and node power in the multi-node power grid model through power grid load flow calculation, and comparing the node voltage in the multi-node power grid model with a voltage normal range to analyze whether the multi-node power grid model operates normally or not;
step 3, combining the power flow ratio before and after the line fault and the mean fault stability time, introducing the transmission power and the electricity price of the line, and calculating the dynamic operation loss of the line after the lightning trip fault occurs;
and 5, calculating the comprehensive loss after the line fault according to the dynamic operation loss after the lightning trip fault occurs and the static trip loss after the lightning trip fault occurs, and setting a lightning trip risk comprehensive evaluation grade according to the ratio of the comprehensive loss after the line fault to the total loss of the area where the line is positioned to evaluate the line.
Preferably, the number of the lines to be evaluated in the step 1 is N;
step 1, the number of nodes in the multi-node power grid model is Z;
step 1, comparing and analyzing the normal range of the node voltage and the voltage in the multi-node power grid model as follows:
the normal range of the voltage is [ V ]min,Vmax]Sequentially judging V1,V2,...VNWhether or not it belongs to [ V ]min,Vmax]Analyzing whether the multi-node power grid model operates normally or not;
preferably, the status data of the reclosing action conditions under the multiple fault types in step 2 are as follows:
Datai,j
i∈[1,4]，j∈[1,K]
wherein Datai,jThe fault type is the j reclosing action condition state data under the ith fault type, 4 is the number of the fault types, the fault types are a single-phase permanent fault, a two-phase permanent fault, an interphase fault and a three-phase permanent ground short circuit fault in sequence, and K is the number of the action condition states under each fault type;
Datai,jthe fault protection method comprises the steps of forming a fault position, local side protection tripping time, local side reclosing success time, opposite side protection tripping time and opposite side reclosing success time under the j reclosing action condition under the ith fault type;
over Datai,jSetting a fault in the multi-node power grid model, and judging whether the section current is out of limit, whether the line has an overload problem and whether the line can meet the requirement of safe power transmission after the N-1 line in the multi-node power grid model is shut down;
the section power flow is defined as P, and the normal range of the power flow is [ Pmin,Pmax]Searching relevant sections among various provinces in the multi-node power grid model, judging whether each line N-1 of the relevant sections among various provinces is shut down, and if P does not belong to [ P ]min,Pmax]The situation that the section tidal current exceeds the limit is shown, the corresponding line has overload problems, and the safe power transmission requirement cannot be met;
and the ratio of the power flow before and after the fault is introduced as a proportionality coefficient to describe the circuit in the multi-node power grid model, which specifically comprises the following steps:
μn＝wxn/wyn
wherein, wxn、wynRespectively representing the power flow before and after the nth line fault in the multi-node power grid model, N ∈ [1, N]；
the stability criterion is:
the voltage oscillation trend of the million kilowatt unit in the multi-node power grid model is amplitude-reduced oscillation and tends to be stable;
the power angle oscillation trend of the million kilowatt unit in the multi-node power grid model is amplitude reduction oscillation and tends to be stable;
the active output oscillation trend of the million kilowatt units in the multi-node power grid model is amplitude-reduction oscillation and tends to be stable;
the phase angle oscillation trend of the million kilowatt units in the multi-node power grid model is in damped oscillation and tends to be stable;
the oscillation trend of voltage frequency deviation on each line of the multi-node power grid model is damping oscillation and tends to be stable;
the active oscillation transmitted on each line of the multi-node power grid model tends to be amplitude-reduced oscillation and tends to be stable;
the trend is ringing and tends to steady state is defined as: the amplitudes of the sampling at a plurality of moments are sine functions with continuously reduced amplitudes, and the numerical value deviation rate of the numerical value of the sampling point at the moment and the numerical value of the sampling point at the last moment is smaller than a certain threshold value;
and 2, calculating the fault stability time of the single line by combining the stability criterion through N-1 fault transient stability check, wherein the fault stability time of the single line is as follows:
over Datai,jSetting N-1 faults in a multi-node power grid model, and calculating the single-line fault stability time by combining stability criteria as follows:
calculating the average value of the time when the voltage of the million kilowatt units tends to be stable, the time when the power angle of the million kilowatt units tends to be stable, the time when the active power of the million kilowatt units tends to be stable, the time when the phase angle of the million kilowatt units tends to be stable, the time when the voltage frequency on each line tends to be stable and the time when the transmission active power on each line tends to be stable according to the stability criterion N-1 to obtain the single line fault stabilization time, namely:
wherein, tAn,i,jRepresents the single line fault stable time under the j reclosing action condition under the i fault type, i ∈ [1,4]，j∈[1,K]Wherein 4 is the number of fault types, the fault types are single-phase permanent fault, two-phase permanent fault, interphase fault and three-phase permanent ground short circuit fault in sequence, and K is the number of action condition states under each fault type;
and 2, calculating the fault stabilization time of the two lines by combining the stabilization criterion through N-2 fault transient stability checking:
over Datai,jIn a multinode grid modelSetting N-2 faults, and calculating the fault stabilization time of the two lines by combining a stabilization criterion as follows:
calculating the average value of the time when the voltage of the million kilowatt units tends to be stable, the time when the power angle of the million kilowatt units tends to be stable, the time when the active power of the million kilowatt units tends to be stable, the time when the phase angle of the million kilowatt units tends to be stable, the time when the voltage frequency on each line tends to be stable and the time when the transmission active power on each line tends to be stable according to the stability criterion N-2 fault to obtain the single line fault stabilization time, namely:
wherein, tBn,i,jIndicates the two-line fault stability time in the j-th reclosing action state under the i-th fault type, i ∈ [1,4]，j∈[1,K]Wherein 4 is the number of fault types, the fault types are single-phase permanent fault, two-phase permanent fault, interphase fault and three-phase permanent ground short circuit fault in sequence, and K is the number of action condition states under each fault type;
the mean fault stability time of the nth line in the multi-node power grid model is as follows:
tn＝(tAn+tBn)/2
n∈[1,N]
and N is the number of lines in the multi-node power grid model.
Preferably, in step 3, the dynamic operation loss after the lightning trip fault occurs to the line is calculated as follows:
Grn＝μn*|Pn|*re*tn
wherein, munRepresenting the ratio of the power flows before and after the nth line fault in the multi-node power grid model, tnRepresenting the mean time of failure, | P, of the nth line in the multi-node power grid modelnI represents the line transmission power of the nth line in the multi-node power grid model, reRepresents the electricity price;
preferably, the step 4 of calculating the static trip loss of the nth line in the multi-node power grid model after the lightning trip fault occurs is as follows:
Gsn＝βn*t2n*A
wherein, βnRepresenting the trip coefficient, t, of the nth line in the multinode grid model2nThe method comprises the steps of representing the average repair time of an nth line in a multi-node power grid model after a fault, wherein A represents the average repair cost of the line;
preferably, in step 5, the calculated total loss after the fault of the nth line in the multi-node power grid model is:
Gn＝Grn+Gsn
and 5, setting the lightning trip-out risk comprehensive evaluation grade coefficient as follows:
γ＝Gn/G
wherein G isnIs the comprehensive loss of the nth line after the fault, G is the sum of the comprehensive losses of the nth line after the fault, gamma is an evaluation grade coefficient, gamma ∈ [0, 20%]Then it is grade A, gamma ∈ [ 20%, 40%]Then it is grade B,. gamma. ∈ [ 40%, 60%]Then it is grade C, gamma ∈ [ 60%, 80%]Then it is grade D, gamma ∈ [80,100%]Then it is level E.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
and carrying out power system safety analysis on the high-voltage power transmission line according to the transient stability criterion of the power system according to different set fault types and different reclosing action conditions, and carrying out dynamic evaluation on the high-voltage power transmission line on the basis of the power system safety analysis.
The power system safety analysis method based on the trend calculation is introduced to carry out comprehensive evaluation on the high-voltage transmission line on the basis of the existing lightning trip static risk evaluation of the high-voltage transmission line, the high-voltage transmission line can be evaluated in the aspect of operation by the method, the lightning trip rate is combined with the static evaluation based on the lightning trip rate, the line lightning trip risk can be judged more comprehensively, and meanwhile, theoretical reference is provided for operation and maintenance personnel of a power grid.
The method is suitable for all high-voltage transmission lines.
Drawings
FIG. 1: is a flow chart of the method of the present invention;
FIG. 2: is a diagram of active power change after a single line fault according to the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3: the active power change diagram after the double-line fault is the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
The embodiment provides a lightning trip risk comprehensive evaluation method for a high-voltage transmission line, which introduces power flow calculation and power system safety analysis to dynamically evaluate the high-voltage transmission line on the basis of the existing static lightning protection calculation and lightning trip risk evaluation on the basis. Selecting a line to be evaluated, and calculating stable operation state parameters of each part of the power system; carrying out power system safety analysis on a power system on the basis of load flow calculation, and describing a line to be evaluated by introducing a proportionality coefficient according to the ratio of load flow before and after a fault; according to the corresponding safety analysis result of the power system, obtaining the average line fault stability time, and calculating the dynamic running loss by introducing the line transmission power and the electricity price; calculating static trip loss according to a trip coefficient based on the lightning trip rate of the line, the average repair time of the line and the cost; and the comprehensive loss after the line fault is the sum of the dynamic operation loss and the static trip loss, and the lightning trip risk dynamic evaluation grade is set according to the ratio of the comprehensive loss after the single line fault to the total loss of the area where the line is located for comprehensive evaluation. The method provided by the embodiment powerfully supplements the lightning trip risk assessment method of the high-voltage transmission line, and provides theoretical reference for operation and maintenance personnel of the power grid.
The embodiment is realized by the following technical scheme, as shown in fig. 1, a lightning trip risk comprehensive evaluation method for a high-voltage transmission line.
The first embodiment of the invention is as follows:
step 1, selecting a line with frequent lightning falling in a power grid area, taking the line with frequent lightning falling and a line belonging to the same level of power grid jurisdiction area as lines to be evaluated together with the line with frequent lightning falling, constructing a multi-node power grid model according to the lines to be evaluated, obtaining node voltage and node power in the multi-node power grid model through power grid load flow calculation, and comparing the node voltage in the multi-node power grid model with a voltage normal range to analyze whether the multi-node power grid model operates normally or not;
the number of the lines to be evaluated in the step 1 is 9, and the lines are numbered from line one to line nine in sequence;
and 1, the node voltage in the multi-node power grid model is within a normal voltage range, and the multi-node power grid model operates normally.
Datai,j
i∈[1,4]，j∈[1,K]
wherein Datai,jThe fault type is the j-th reclosing action condition state data under the ith fault type, 4 is the number of the fault types, and the fault types are a single-phase permanent fault and a two-phase permanent fault in sequenceFaults, interphase faults and three-phase permanent grounding short-circuit faults, wherein K is the number of action condition states under each fault type;
Datai,jthe fault protection method comprises the steps of forming a fault position, local side protection tripping time, local side reclosing success time, opposite side protection tripping time and opposite side reclosing success time under the j reclosing action condition under the ith fault type;
2, selecting fault types i as a single-phase permanent fault and a three-phase permanent grounding short-circuit fault, wherein the jth reclosing action condition is that a line has a fault at the moment of 1s, the fault occurs at 2% of the line, 1.09s of local side protection tripping is performed, 1.89s of local side reclosing is successful, 1.1s of opposite side protection tripping is performed, and 1.9s of opposite side reclosing is successful;
over Data1,jAnd Data4,jSetting a fault in the multi-node power grid model, and judging whether the section current is out of limit, whether the line has an overload problem and whether the line can meet the requirement of safe power transmission after the N-1 line in the multi-node power grid model is shut down;
the section power flow is defined as P, and the normal range of the power flow is [ Pmin,Pmax]Searching relevant sections among various provinces in the multi-node power grid model, judging whether each line N-1 of the relevant sections among various provinces is shut down, and if P does not belong to [ P ]min,Pmax]The situation that the section tidal current exceeds the limit is shown, the corresponding line has overload problems, and the safe power transmission requirement cannot be met;
n-1 outage investigation is respectively carried out on the first line to the ninth line, and the problem of overload is found when the tidal currents of the sections where the corresponding lines seven and six are located are not in the normal tidal current range after the lines six and seven are subjected to N-1 outage investigation;
and the ratio of the power flow before and after the fault is introduced as a proportionality coefficient to describe the circuit in the multi-node power grid model, which specifically comprises the following steps:
μn＝wxn/wyn
wherein wxn and wyn are the power flow before and after the nth line fault in the multi-node power grid model respectively, and n belongs to [1,9 ];
the stability criterion is:
the voltage oscillation trend of the million kilowatt unit in the multi-node power grid model is amplitude-reduced oscillation and tends to be stable;
the power angle oscillation trend of the million kilowatt unit in the multi-node power grid model is amplitude reduction oscillation and tends to be stable;
the active output oscillation trend of the million kilowatt units in the multi-node power grid model is amplitude-reduction oscillation and tends to be stable;
the phase angle oscillation trend of the million kilowatt units in the multi-node power grid model is in damped oscillation and tends to be stable;
the oscillation trend of voltage frequency deviation on each line of the multi-node power grid model is damping oscillation and tends to be stable;
the active oscillation transmitted on each line of the multi-node power grid model tends to be amplitude-reduced oscillation and tends to be stable;
the trend is ringing and tends to steady state is defined as: the amplitudes of the sampling at a plurality of moments are sine functions with continuously reduced amplitudes, and the numerical value deviation rate of the numerical value of the sampling point at the moment and the numerical value of the sampling point at the last moment is smaller than a certain threshold value;
and 2, calculating the fault stability time of the single line by combining the stability criterion through N-1 fault transient stability check, wherein the fault stability time of the single line is as follows:
over Data1,jAnd Data4,jSetting N-1 faults in a multi-node power grid model, and calculating the single-line fault stability time by combining stability criteria as follows:
calculating the average value of the time when the voltage of the million kilowatt units tends to be stable, the time when the power angle of the million kilowatt units tends to be stable, the time when the active power of the million kilowatt units tends to be stable, the time when the phase angle of the million kilowatt units tends to be stable, the time when the voltage frequency on each line tends to be stable and the time when the transmission active power on each line tends to be stable according to the stability criterion N-1 to obtain the single line fault stabilization time, namely:
tAn＝tAn,1,j+tAn,4,j
wherein, tAn,1,jShowing the single line fault stability time, tA, under the condition of the jth reclosing action under the single-phase permanent fault typen,4,jThe method comprises the steps of representing single line fault stable time under the j-th reclosing action condition under the three-phase permanent ground short circuit fault, wherein the j-th reclosing action condition is that a line has a fault at the moment of 1s, the fault occurs at 2% of the line, 1.09s of local side protection tripping is performed, 1.89s of local side reclosing is successful, 1.1s of opposite side protection tripping is performed, and 1.9s of opposite side reclosing is successful;
and 2, calculating the fault stabilization time of the two lines by combining the stabilization criterion through N-2 fault transient stability checking:
over Data1,jAnd Data4,jSetting N-2 faults in a multi-node power grid model, and calculating the fault stabilization time of the two lines by combining stabilization criteria as follows:
calculating the average value of the time when the voltage of the million kilowatt units tends to be stable, the time when the power angle of the million kilowatt units tends to be stable, the time when the active power of the million kilowatt units tends to be stable, the time when the phase angle of the million kilowatt units tends to be stable, the time when the voltage frequency on each line tends to be stable and the time when the transmission active power on each line tends to be stable according to the stability criterion N-2 fault to obtain the single line fault stabilization time, namely:
tBn＝tBn,1,j+tBn,4,j
wherein, tBn,1,jRepresents the two-line fault stable time tB under the condition of the j-th reclosing action under the single-phase permanent faultn,4,jThe fault stabilization time of the two lines under the j-th reclosing action condition under the three-phase permanent ground short circuit fault is shown, the j-th reclosing action condition is that the line has a fault at the moment of 1s, the fault occurs at 2% of the line, 1.09s of local side protection tripping is performed, 1.89s of local side reclosing is successful, 1.1s of opposite side protection tripping is performed, and 1.9s of opposite side reclosing is successful;
the mean fault stability time of the nth line in the multi-node power grid model is as follows:
tn＝(tAn+tBn)/2
step 3, combining the power flow ratio before and after the line fault and the mean fault stability time, introducing the transmission power and the electricity price of the line, and calculating the dynamic operation loss of the nth line to be evaluated after the lightning trip fault occurs;
and 3, calculating the dynamic operation loss of the nth line to be evaluated after the lightning trip fault occurs as follows:
Grn＝μn*|Pn|*re*tn
wherein, munRepresenting the dynamic operation loss proportionality coefficient t of the nth line in the multi-node power grid modelnRepresenting the mean time of failure, | P, of the nth line in the multi-node power grid modelnI represents the line transmission power of the nth line in the multi-node power grid model, reRepresents the electricity price;
and 4, calculating the static trip loss of the nth line in the multi-node power grid model after the lightning trip fault occurs as follows:
Gsn＝βn*t2n*A
wherein, βnRepresenting the trip coefficient, t, of the nth line in the multinode grid model2nThe method comprises the steps of representing the average repair time of an nth line in a multi-node power grid model after a fault, wherein A represents the average repair cost of the line;
and 5, calculating the comprehensive loss after the line fault according to the dynamic operation loss after the lightning trip fault occurs and the static trip loss after the lightning trip fault occurs, and setting a lightning trip risk comprehensive evaluation grade according to the ratio of the comprehensive loss after the line fault to the total loss of the area where the line is positioned to evaluate the line.
And 5, calculating the comprehensive loss after the fault of the nth line in the multi-node power grid model as follows:
Gn＝Grn+Gsn
and 5, setting the lightning trip-out risk comprehensive evaluation grade coefficient as follows:
γ＝Gn/G
wherein G isnIs the comprehensive loss of the nth line after the fault, G is the sum of the comprehensive losses of the nth line after the fault, gamma is an evaluation grade coefficient, gamma ∈ [0, 20%]Then it is grade A, gamma ∈ [ 20%, 40%]Then it is grade B,. gamma. ∈ [ 40%, 60%]Then it is grade C, gamma ∈ [ 60%, 80%]Then it is grade D, gamma ∈ [80,100%]Then it is level E.
A second embodiment of the invention comprises the steps of:
s1, model testing step: selecting a line to be evaluated and related lines connected with an electric area of the line to be evaluated as research objects, constructing a multi-node power grid model, and counting related data of a transformer, a generator, a load, an alternating current line, a bus and nodes in a system;
s2, a simulation calculation step: selecting a Newton-Raphson method to perform load flow calculation according to the relevant data counted in S1 to obtain corresponding node voltage and power distribution in the normal operation mode of the system, and judging whether each item of data in the system meets the requirements and whether the relevant configuration in the system is reasonable; according to the calculated node voltage and node power, by setting different fault types and different reclosing action conditions, static safety analysis is carried out on the multi-node power grid model to obtain the ratio of the power flows before and after the line fault, and N-1 fault transient stability check and N-2 serious fault transient stability check analysis are carried out on the multi-node power grid model to obtain the safety analysis results of the power system under different conditions, as shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3;
and S3, according to the electric power system safety analysis results under different conditions obtained by calculation in S2, obtaining the average stability time of the line fault, namely the average stability time of the phase angle, the voltage, the power angle and the frequency deviation between the million kilowatt units of the selected regional power grid and the active power oscillation transmitted on the fault line and the non-fault line. The dynamic operation loss after the lightning trip fault occurs is calculated by introducing the transmission power and the electricity price of the line according to the power flow ratio before and after the line fault determined by the static safety analysis in the S2;
s4, calculating the average lightning trip-out rate of the line, introducing a trip-out coefficient on the basis of the average lightning trip-out rate of the line, and calculating the static trip-out loss by combining the average repair time and the average repair cost of the line;
and S5, setting a lightning trip risk comprehensive evaluation grade according to the ratio of the comprehensive loss after the single line has the fault to the total loss of the area where the single line is located, and evaluating the line.
In step S2, the specific operation method for performing the relevant power system safety analysis is as follows:
s2.1, setting different fault types: single-phase permanent faults, two-phase permanent faults, inter-phase faults, and three-phase permanent ground short faults;
s2.2, setting different reclosing action conditions: fault position, local side protection tripping time, local side reclosing success time, opposite side protection tripping time, opposite side reclosing success time and the like;
s2.3, performing static safety analysis on the selected power transmission line and the related system, and judging whether the section current is out of limit, whether the line has an overload problem and whether the line can meet the safety power transmission requirement after the N-1 of the related section among provinces of the selected area is shut down to obtain the ratio of the current before and after the line fault;
s2.4, setting a stability criterion according to a transient stability criterion of the power system: the oscillation trend of the voltage and the power angle of the million kilowatt unit of the selected regional power grid is amplitude-reduced oscillation; the oscillation trend of the active output and the phase angle of the million kilowatt unit of the selected regional power grid is amplitude-reduced oscillation, and the oscillation trend of the frequency deviation is amplitude-reduced oscillation and is finally zero; the oscillation trend of active power transmitted on a fault line and a non-fault line is amplitude reduction oscillation.
S2.5, performing N-1 fault transient stability check on the selected power transmission line and the related system, selecting different lines for research according to different fault types and different reclosing action conditions set in S2.1 and S2.2, and judging whether the line has a fault and then affects the stability of the system;
and S2.6, performing N-2 serious fault transient stability check on the selected power transmission line and the related system on the basis of the S2.4, wherein the related process is similar to the S2.4.
The third embodiment of the invention is a lightning trip risk comprehensive evaluation method of a high-voltage transmission line, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: selecting a line to be evaluated and related lines connected with an electric area of the line to be evaluated as research objects, constructing a multi-node power grid model, counting related data of a transformer, a generator, a load, an alternating current line, a bus and nodes in the system, carrying out load flow calculation, obtaining corresponding node voltage and power distribution in a normal operation mode of the system, and judging whether all data in the system meet requirements and whether related configuration in the system is reasonable.
Step 2: and according to the stable operation state parameters of each part of the power system calculated in the step one, performing static safety analysis, N-1 fault transient stability checking and N-2 serious fault transient stability checking analysis on the power system by setting different fault types and different reclosing action conditions.
And step 3: and D, according to the safety analysis results of the electric power system under different conditions obtained by calculation in the step two, obtaining the average stabilization time of the line fault, namely the average stabilization time of the phase angle, the voltage, the power angle and the frequency deviation between the million kilowatt units of the selected regional power grid and the active power transmitted by the fault line and the non-fault line, introducing the transmission power and the electricity price of the line by combining the power flow ratio before and after the line fault, and calculating the dynamic operation loss after the lightning trip fault occurs.
And 4, step 4: and calculating the average lightning trip-out rate of the line, introducing a trip-out coefficient on the basis of the average lightning trip-out rate, and calculating the static trip-out loss by combining the average repair time of the line and the average repair cost.
And 5: and (4) calculating the comprehensive loss after the line fault according to the dynamic operation loss in the step (3) and the static trip loss in the step (4), setting a lightning trip risk dynamic evaluation grade according to the ratio of the comprehensive loss after the single line has the fault to the total loss of the area where the line is positioned, and evaluating the line.
Next, load flow calculation is performed on the selected line to be evaluated, and the obtained load flow calculation result is shown in table 1.
Table 12017 year selected regional power grid inter-provincial 500kV tie line load flow calculation result
As can be seen from Table 1, the main 500kV section power flow of the selected regional power grid does not exceed the thermal stability limit, and the operation requirement of the power grid is met.
The important 500kV section of the selected regional power grid is taken as a research object, static safety analysis is carried out, whether the line exceeds the thermal stability limit value is examined after a circuit is disconnected, and the results of the static safety analysis of the 500kV A-C section are selected and shown in table 2.
TABLE 22017 year A-C province section N-1 trend calculation results (unit: MW)
As can be seen from Table 2, after the N-1 of each line is shut down for the provinces A to C, the tidal currents of the sections of the line four and the line five are not out of limit, the line has no overload problem, and the requirement of safe power transmission can be met; however, after N-1 outage investigation is respectively carried out on the line six and the line seven of the section from the province A to the province C, overload problems occur on the corresponding line seven and the corresponding line six.
And under the condition of a fault of the first line, respectively carrying out N-1 fault transient stability calculation on a second line and a third line of provinces A and B, and checking the transient stability of the system under the fault condition. The fault is set as a three-phase permanent grounding short circuit fault at the moment of 1s on a line, the fault occurs at 2% of the line, 1.09s of local side protection tripping, 1.89s of local side reclosing success, 1.1s of opposite side protection tripping and 1.9s of opposite side reclosing success. The active power change diagram of the first line, the second line and the third line after the first line is selected and has a fault is shown in figure 2.
And under the fault of the first line and the second line, respectively carrying out N-2 fault transient stability calculation on the second line and the third line of the province A to the province B, and checking the transient stability of the system under the fault condition. The fault is set as a three-phase permanent grounding short-circuit fault at the moment of 1s of the first line and the second line, the fault occurs at 2% of the first line, 1.09s of the local side protection is tripped, 1.89s of the local side reclosing is successful, 1.1s of the opposite side protection is tripped, and 1.9s of the opposite side reclosing is successful. An important 500kV section active power change diagram of A province-B province after the first selected line and the second selected line are failed is shown in a figure 3.
The stabilization time of each line is determined according to the phase angle, the voltage, the power angle and the frequency deviation of each line between million kilowatt units of the China power grid under different fault conditions and the variation graph of active power oscillation transmitted on the fault line and the non-fault line, namely the time for judging whether the system is unstable or not is judged, and the time for stabilizing each parameter of the safety analysis results of the power system in the four-line route of the province A-C province area under different fault conditions is selected and shown in a table 3.
TABLE 3 time to stabilize parameters for each line under different fault conditions
The transmission power P of the line is shown as the power flow and the price r of the line in the table 1eTaking 0.573 yuan/kilowatt hour, the average stabilization time t of the line fault can be calculated by the stabilization time of each parameter of each line in table 3 under different fault conditions, and taking the line as an example, the average value of the stabilization time of each parameter of all four line fault conditions (including four single-phase earth short circuit faults of the line, four three-phase permanent earth short circuit faults of the line, five faults of four lines of the line and seven faults of four lines of the line) is t when the line fails in four. Introduction of dynamic operating losses GrAnd a scale factor mu is introduced to describe the line of interest obtained from the static security analysis result.
Gr＝μ×|P|×re×t
The dynamic operating loss results are shown in table 4.
TABLE 4 dynamic loss of operation of the interlink between provinces A and C
Static lightning protection calculation is carried out on the four interstation connecting lines from province A to province C, and the annual average lightning trip-out rate of the four lines in 2017 is calculated and is shown in table 5.
TABLE 5 annual average lightning trip-out rate of tie lines 2017 between provinces A-C (unit: times/(100 km.year))
Introduction of static trip losses GsTrip coefficient of β and fault repair time of t2And the failure repair cost is A, then
Gs＝β×t2×A
According to statistics, the line fault repair time t of the area where the four-line and the seven-line of the line are positioned2About 44.33h, and the fault repair cost is set to 1000 yuan/hour according to the existing line life cycle evaluation. The calculated static trip losses and the calculated total losses for the four lines in 2017 are shown in table 6.
TABLE 6 intersecure junctor 2017 static trip loss and synthetic loss between provinces A and C
And dividing the lightning trip dynamic risk evaluation grade of the high-voltage transmission line according to the proportion of the comprehensive loss caused by the line fault to the total loss caused by the trip of all lightning faults in the selected area. Wherein 0-20%, 20-40%, 40-60%, 60-80%, 80-100% are A, B, C, D, E grades respectively, and the results are shown in Table 7.
TABLE 7 dynamic risk assessment grade table for line lightning trip-out
From table 7, it can be seen that the risk assessment levels of line four, line five and line seven are higher, wherein line five is close to level C, and the lightning protection measures and operation and maintenance of line five need to be adjusted.
The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention. Those skilled in the art to which the invention relates may modify, supplement or substitute the specific embodiments described, without however departing from the spirit of the invention or exceeding the scope defined by the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A lightning trip risk comprehensive evaluation method of a high-voltage transmission line is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: selecting a line with frequent lightning falling in a power grid area, taking the line with frequent lightning falling and the line belonging to the same level of power grid jurisdiction area as lines to be evaluated together, constructing a multi-node power grid model according to the lines to be evaluated, setting parameters of the multi-node power grid model, obtaining node voltage and node power in the multi-node power grid model through power grid load flow calculation, and comparing the node voltage in the multi-node power grid model with a voltage normal range to analyze whether the multi-node power grid model operates normally or not;
step 2: setting reclosing action state data under various fault types by combining a multi-node power grid model, obtaining the ratio of power flows before and after line faults through static safety analysis, setting a stability criterion according to a transient stability criterion of a power system, calculating single line fault stability time through N-1 fault transient stability check by combining the stability criterion, calculating two line fault stability time through N-2 fault transient stability check by combining the stability criterion, and further obtaining fault average stability time through the single line fault stability time and the two line fault stability time;
and step 3: the method comprises the steps of introducing line transmission power and electricity price by combining the power flow ratio before and after line faults and the mean fault stability time of the lines, and calculating dynamic operation loss of the lines after lightning trip faults occur;
and 4, step 4: calculating static trip loss of the line after the lightning trip fault occurs according to the trip coefficient, the average repair time after the line fault is combined and the average repair cost;
and 5: and calculating the comprehensive loss after the line fault according to the dynamic operation loss after the lightning trip fault occurs and the static trip loss after the lightning trip fault occurs, and setting the lightning trip risk comprehensive evaluation grade according to the ratio of the comprehensive loss after the line fault to the total loss of the area where the line is positioned to evaluate the line.
2. The lightning trip risk comprehensive assessment method of a high-voltage transmission line according to claim 1, characterized in that: step 1, the number of the lines to be evaluated is N;
step 1, the number of nodes in the multi-node power grid model is Z;
step 1, comparing and analyzing the normal range of the node voltage and the voltage in the multi-node power grid model as follows:
the normal range of the voltage is [ V ]min,Vmax]Sequentially judging V1,V2,...VNWhether or not it belongs to [ V ]min,Vmax]And analyzing whether the multi-node power grid model operates normally.
3. The lightning trip risk comprehensive assessment method of a high-voltage transmission line according to claim 1, characterized in that: step 2, the reclosing action condition state data under multiple fault types are as follows:
Datai,j
i∈[1,4]，j∈[1,K]
wherein Datai,jThe fault type is the j reclosing action condition state data under the ith fault type, 4 is the number of the fault types, the fault types are a single-phase permanent fault, a two-phase permanent fault, an interphase fault and a three-phase permanent ground short circuit fault in sequence, and K is the number of the action condition states under each fault type;
Datai,jthe fault position, the protection tripping time and the reclosing success of the local side under the j reclosing action condition under the ith fault typeTime, opposite side protection tripping time and opposite side reclosing success time;
step 2, obtaining the ratio of the power flow before and after the line fault through static safety analysis specifically comprises the following steps:
over Datai,jSetting a fault in the multi-node power grid model, and judging whether the section current is out of limit, whether the line has an overload problem and whether the line can meet the requirement of safe power transmission after the N-1 line in the multi-node power grid model is shut down;
the section power flow is defined as P, and the normal range of the power flow is [ Pmin,Pmax]Searching relevant sections among various provinces in the multi-node power grid model, judging whether each line N-1 of the relevant sections among various provinces is shut down, and if P does not belong to [ P ]min,Pmax]The situation that the section tidal current exceeds the limit is shown, the corresponding line has overload problems, and the safe power transmission requirement cannot be met;
and the ratio of the power flow before and after the fault is introduced as a proportionality coefficient to describe the circuit in the multi-node power grid model, which specifically comprises the following steps:
μn＝wxn/wyn
wherein, wxn、wynRespectively representing the power flow before and after the nth line fault in the multi-node power grid model, N ∈ [1, N]；
Step 2, setting a stability criterion according to the transient stability criterion of the power system, specifically:
the stability criterion is:
the voltage oscillation trend of the million kilowatt unit in the multi-node power grid model is amplitude-reduced oscillation and tends to be stable;
the power angle oscillation trend of the million kilowatt unit in the multi-node power grid model is amplitude reduction oscillation and tends to be stable;
the active output oscillation trend of the million kilowatt units in the multi-node power grid model is amplitude-reduction oscillation and tends to be stable;
the phase angle oscillation trend of the million kilowatt units in the multi-node power grid model is in damped oscillation and tends to be stable;
the oscillation trend of voltage frequency deviation on each line of the multi-node power grid model is damping oscillation and tends to be stable;
the active oscillation transmitted on each line of the multi-node power grid model tends to be amplitude-reduced oscillation and tends to be stable;
the trend is ringing and tends to steady state is defined as: the amplitudes of the sampling at a plurality of moments are sine functions with continuously reduced amplitudes, and the numerical value deviation rate of the numerical value of the sampling point at the moment and the numerical value of the sampling point at the last moment is smaller than a certain threshold value;
and 2, calculating the fault stability time of the single line by combining the stability criterion through N-1 fault transient stability check, wherein the fault stability time of the single line is as follows:
over Datai,jSetting N-1 faults in a multi-node power grid model, and calculating the single-line fault stability time by combining stability criteria as follows:
calculating the average value of the time when the voltage of the million kilowatt units tends to be stable, the time when the power angle of the million kilowatt units tends to be stable, the time when the active power of the million kilowatt units tends to be stable, the time when the phase angle of the million kilowatt units tends to be stable, the time when the voltage frequency on each line tends to be stable and the time when the transmission active power on each line tends to be stable according to the stability criterion N-1 to obtain the single line fault stabilization time, namely:
wherein, tAn,i,jRepresents the single line fault stable time under the j reclosing action condition under the i fault type, i ∈ [1,4]，j∈[1,K]Wherein 4 is the number of fault types, the fault types are single-phase permanent fault, two-phase permanent fault, interphase fault and three-phase permanent ground short circuit fault in sequence, and K is the number of action condition states under each fault type;
and 2, calculating the fault stabilization time of the two lines by combining the stabilization criterion through N-2 fault transient stability checking:
over Datai,jSetting N-2 faults in a multi-node power grid model, and calculating the fault stabilization time of the two lines by combining stabilization criteria as follows:
calculating the average value of the time when the voltage of the million kilowatt units tends to be stable, the time when the power angle of the million kilowatt units tends to be stable, the time when the active power of the million kilowatt units tends to be stable, the time when the phase angle of the million kilowatt units tends to be stable, the time when the voltage frequency on each line tends to be stable and the time when the transmission active power on each line tends to be stable according to the stability criterion N-2 fault to obtain the single line fault stabilization time, namely:
wherein, tBn,i,jIndicates the two-line fault stability time in the j-th reclosing action state under the i-th fault type, i ∈ [1,4]，j∈[1,K]Wherein 4 is the number of fault types, the fault types are single-phase permanent fault, two-phase permanent fault, interphase fault and three-phase permanent ground short circuit fault in sequence, and K is the number of action condition states under each fault type;
the mean fault stability time of the nth line in the multi-node power grid model is as follows:
tn＝(tAn+tBn)/2
n∈[1,N]
and N is the number of lines in the multi-node power grid model.
4. The lightning trip risk comprehensive assessment method of a high-voltage transmission line according to claim 1, characterized in that:
and 3, calculating the dynamic operation loss of the line after the lightning trip fault occurs as follows:
Grn＝μn*|Pn|*re*tn
wherein, munRepresenting the ratio of the power flows before and after the nth line fault in the multi-node power grid model, tnRepresenting the mean time of failure, | P, of the nth line in the multi-node power grid modelnI represents the line transmission power of the nth line in the multi-node power grid model, reIndicating the electricity price.
5. The lightning trip risk comprehensive assessment method of a high-voltage transmission line according to claim 1, characterized in that:
and 4, calculating the static trip loss of the nth line in the multi-node power grid model after the lightning trip fault occurs as follows:
Gsn＝βn*t2n*A
wherein, βnRepresenting the trip coefficient, t, of the nth line in the multinode grid model2nAnd (4) representing the average repair time of the nth line in the multi-node power grid model after the fault, wherein A represents the average repair cost of the line.
6. The lightning trip risk comprehensive assessment method of a high-voltage transmission line according to claim 1, characterized in that:
and 5, calculating the comprehensive loss after the fault of the nth line in the multi-node power grid model as follows:
Gn＝Grn+Gsn
and 5, setting the lightning trip-out risk comprehensive evaluation grade coefficient as follows:
γ＝Gn/G
wherein G isnIs the comprehensive loss of the nth line after the fault, G is the sum of the comprehensive losses of the nth line after the fault, gamma is an evaluation grade coefficient, gamma ∈ [0, 20%]Then it is grade A, gamma ∈ [ 20%, 40%]Then it is grade B,. gamma. ∈ [ 40%, 60%]Then it is grade C, gamma ∈ [ 60%, 80%]Then it is grade D, gamma ∈ [80,100%]Then it is level E.
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