CN111638240A - Device and method for measuring thermal expansion coefficient of early-age pervious concrete by water bath method - Google Patents
Device and method for measuring thermal expansion coefficient of early-age pervious concrete by water bath method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111638240A CN111638240A CN202010320604.XA CN202010320604A CN111638240A CN 111638240 A CN111638240 A CN 111638240A CN 202010320604 A CN202010320604 A CN 202010320604A CN 111638240 A CN111638240 A CN 111638240A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for measuring the early-age thermal expansion coefficient of pervious concrete by a water bath method, and the device and the method comprise a water bath barrel, a test block bracket, a micro water pump, a water-cooling temperature control machine, an electronic dial gauge, a displacement polling instrument, a temperature sensor and a temperature polling instrument, wherein the test block bracket and the micro water pump are positioned in the water bath barrel, the test block bracket is used for pouring the pervious concrete, a cooling water pipe is arranged in the test block bracket, the cooling water pipe is connected with the micro water pump, the water temperature of the water in the water bath barrel can be controlled under the action of the water-cooling temperature control machine, the displacement variation of the water in the water bath barrel can be detected in the temperature control process, the thermal expansion coefficient is finally calculated, and a constant temperature test group. The testing device can test the thermal expansion coefficient of the pervious concrete from the final set of the pervious concrete without removing a mould, adopts automatic testing, avoids artificial errors, can test the thermal expansion coefficient of the pervious concrete with large aggregates, adopts the water cooling pipe laid in the test block, accelerates the adjustment speed of the internal temperature of the pervious concrete, and can test the thermal expansion coefficient for many times in a short time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of pervious concrete material testing, and particularly relates to a device and a method for determining the thermal expansion coefficient of early-age pervious concrete by a water bath method.
Background
The pervious concrete material becomes the most widely applied building material at present due to the excellent mechanical property. However, early cracking of pervious concrete has been an important factor limiting its durability. The coefficient of thermal expansion is an important parameter affecting the early cracking of pervious concrete. In the initial stage of pouring of the pervious concrete, temperature stress can be formed in the pervious concrete due to the change of the environmental temperature, and the pervious concrete is cracked early in severe cases, so that the durability of the pervious concrete is influenced. Therefore, the thermal expansion coefficient of the pervious concrete in the early age is accurately measured, and the method is very important for evaluating the early crack resistance of the pervious concrete.
At present, a plurality of devices for testing the early age of pervious concrete have certain defects. On one hand, the test block needs to be tested after the mould is removed, and the thermal expansion coefficient within 24 hours cannot be tested, on the other hand, the test block is small in size, human errors in the test process account for main factors, and finally, the thermal expansion coefficient of the pervious concrete with large aggregate cannot be tested.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: in order to solve the problem that the thermal expansion coefficient of pervious concrete in the early age is inconvenient to test in the prior art, the invention provides a device and a method for measuring the thermal expansion coefficient of pervious concrete in the early age by a water bath method.
The technical scheme is as follows: a device for measuring the thermal expansion coefficient of early-age pervious concrete by a water bath method comprises a temperature-changing test set, wherein the temperature-changing test set comprises a water bath barrel, a test block support, a first micro water pump, a second micro water pump, a water-cooling temperature control machine, an electronic dial indicator, a displacement inspection instrument, a first temperature sensor and a temperature inspection instrument, the test block support, the first micro water pump and the second micro water pump are positioned in the water bath barrel, the test block support comprises a base, a supporting rod, a supporting sheet, a cover disc, a cooling water pipe, a flexible corrugated pipe, a rigid corrugated plate and a horizontal support, the lower end of the supporting rod is installed on the base, the supporting sheet is installed on the upper portion of the supporting rod, the cover disc is fixed on the supporting sheet, small holes are formed in the base and the cover disc, the cooling water pipe is positioned in the test block support and penetrates through the small holes, notches are further formed in the cover disc, protruding circular rings are formed in the upper surface of the base and the lower surface of the cover disc, the flexible, the removable installation of rigidity buckled plate is at flexible bellows lateral surface, and horizontal stand installs on the bracing piece and is located the cover dish top, and horizontal stand is used for fixed electron amesdial, and the appearance is examined with the displacement to electron amesdial and is connected, and first temperature sensor hangs and examine the appearance with the temperature inside the test block support and be connected, and first miniature water pump is connected with water-cooling temperature-control machine, and the miniature water pump of second is connected with the cooling water pipe.
Further, the metal hoop is used for pressing the upper end and the lower end of the flexible corrugated pipe.
Furthermore, the supporting rods and the supporting sheets are all three, and the three supporting rods are uniformly arranged on the base.
Furthermore, the horizontal support is a tripod support, and the electronic dial indicator is fixed in the middle of the tripod support.
Further, still include second temperature sensor, second temperature sensor hangs in the water bath bucket, and second temperature sensor is connected with the temperature appearance of patrolling and examining.
Further, the constant temperature test unit is further included, the constant temperature test unit comprises a water bath barrel, a test block support, an electronic dial indicator and a first temperature sensor, the water bath barrel is the same as the variable temperature test unit, the test block support is located in the water bath barrel, the electronic dial indicator is installed above the test block support and is connected with the displacement inspection instrument, and the first temperature sensor is hung inside the test block support and is connected with the temperature inspection instrument.
Further, the constant temperature test group does not contain a micro water pump.
Furthermore, the constant temperature test set also comprises a second temperature sensor, and the second temperature sensor is suspended in the bath barrel of the constant temperature test set.
A method for measuring the thermal expansion coefficient of early-age pervious concrete comprises the following steps:
assembling a test block support of a temperature-changing test group, mounting a rigid corrugated pipe on the outer side surface of a flexible corrugated pipe, and injecting pervious concrete from a gap of a cover disc and vibrating; pre-burying a first temperature sensor in the center of the pervious concrete, leveling the pervious concrete after controlling the height, and preparing a test block for later use;
step two, mounting the electronic dial indicator on a horizontal bracket, and blocking by using a metal sheet; placing the test block support and the test block into a water bath barrel, injecting water into the water bath barrel until the water surface is higher than the water surface between a cover disc of the test block support and the horizontal support, and placing a second temperature sensor into the water bath barrel; connecting the micro water pump with a water cooling temperature control machine; connecting the first temperature sensor, the second temperature sensor and the temperature polling instrument; connecting the electronic dial indicator with the displacement polling instrument; checking all lines;
thirdly, after the test block is finally solidified, removing the rigid corrugated pipe, jacking the electronic dial indicator to the surface of the test block, starting a water-cooling temperature control machine, a displacement inspection instrument and a temperature inspection instrument and debugging;
step four, starting testing, regulating the temperature to be increased from t1 to t2, cooling to t3 after keeping the temperature for a period of time, increasing the temperature to t2 again after keeping the temperature for a period of time, and continuously acquiring and recording temperature and strain data in the whole testing process;
and step five, calculating the thermal expansion coefficient of the temperature change test set according to the acquired temperature and strain data.
Further, the device also comprises a group of constant temperature test groups, the preparation work of the constant temperature test groups before test is the same as that of the variable temperature test groups, the room temperature is always kept constant only in the fourth step, the thermal expansion coefficients of the variable temperature test groups and the constant temperature test groups are calculated in the fifth step according to the collected temperature and strain data,
the calculation formula of the thermal expansion coefficient of the temperature change test group is as follows:
wherein
For the temperature-variable test group permeable concrete total strain, Delta LMThe length change value L of the pervious concrete of the temperature change test set measured by an electronic dial indicatorMFor the initial length of the pervious concrete of the test group,
in order to test the thermal strain of the pervious concrete,
self-strain of pervious concrete for test group;
the thermal expansion coefficient of the constant temperature test group is calculated by the following formula:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
for constant temperature testing of the group total strain, Δ L, of pervious concreteNThe length change value L of the pervious concrete of the constant temperature test group measured by an electronic dial indicatorNFor the constant temperature test group of initial length of pervious concrete,
the self-strain of the pervious concrete is tested at a constant temperature;
since the self-strain of pervious concrete is determined by its properties, therefore:
therefore, the thermal strain of the temperature change test set comprises:
each temperature cycle period can calculate a thermal strain value in the constant temperature stage, so that the thermal expansion coefficient is calculated by the formula of the ith and i +1 th thermal strains as follows:
wherein α is the thermal expansion coefficient, Δ TcThe temperature difference of the i-th and i + 1-th thermal strain pervious concrete centers,
and
i and i +1 th thermal strain, T, respectivelyi cAnd
the central temperatures of the i-th pervious concrete and the i + 1-th pervious concrete are respectively.
According to the invention, a test block support of the temperature-variable test set is assembled, a rigid corrugated pipe is arranged on the outer side surface of a flexible corrugated pipe, pervious concrete is injected from a gap of a cover disc and vibrated, a first temperature sensor is pre-embedded in the center of the pervious concrete, the pervious concrete is leveled after the height is controlled, and a block to be tested is prepared for standby. And (3) pouring pervious concrete in the test block bracket, and after the pervious concrete is finally set, starting measurement without dismantling the mold. The flexible corrugated pipe is adopted to almost have no constraint on the deformation of the pervious concrete, so that the interference of external constraint is reduced, and the measurement precision is high. In the invention, a constant temperature group is adopted, and the pervious concrete has self-strain in the hydration process of the pervious concrete besides the thermal strain caused by the change of the external temperature. A control group is scientific and rigorous and is used for measuring self-strain, and the deformation of the test group is the combination of thermal strain and self-strain. The heating pipe is arranged in the middle of the pervious concrete, so that the pervious concrete can be heated and cooled inside and outside simultaneously, the temperature can be adjusted more quickly, temperature change measures are taken inside and outside simultaneously, the uniformity is higher, and the measurement result is more accurate.
Has the advantages that: the invention provides a device and a method for measuring the thermal expansion coefficient of early-age pervious concrete by a water bath method.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a test block holder according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a test block holder A-A according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a top view of a test block holder in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a testing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
the temperature-changing test set comprises a temperature-changing test set 1, a constant-temperature test set 2, a water bath barrel 3, a test block support 4, a first micro water pump 5, a second micro water pump 6, a water-cooling temperature control machine 7, an electronic dial indicator 8, a displacement inspection instrument 9, a first temperature sensor 10, a second temperature sensor 11, a temperature inspection instrument 12, a base 13, a support rod 14, a support sheet 15, a cover disc 16, a cooling water pipe 17, a flexible corrugated pipe 18, a rigid corrugated plate 19, a metal hoop 20, a horizontal support 21 and a protruding circular ring 22.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and specific examples.
As shown in fig. 3, a device for measuring the thermal expansion coefficient of early-age pervious concrete by a water bath method comprises a variable temperature test group 1 and a constant temperature test group 2, wherein the variable temperature test group 1 comprises a water bath barrel 3, a test block support 4, a first micro water pump 5, a second micro water pump 6, a water-cooling temperature control machine 7, an electronic dial indicator 8, a displacement inspection instrument 9, a first temperature sensor 10, a second temperature sensor 11 and a temperature inspection instrument 12, the test block support 4 and the two micro water pumps are positioned in the water bath barrel 3, the test block support 4 comprises a base 13, support rods 14, support sheets 15, a cover disc 16, a cooling water pipe 17, a flexible corrugated pipe 18, a rigid corrugated plate 19, a metal hoop 20 and a horizontal support 21, the lower end of each support rod 14 is mounted on the base 13, the support sheet 15 is mounted on the upper portion of each support rod 14, the support rods 14 and the support sheets 15 are all three support rods 14 are uniformly mounted on the base, the cover plate 16 is fixed on the supporting sheet 15, small holes are formed in the base 13 and the cover plate 16, the cooling water pipe 17 is located inside the test block support 4 and penetrates through the small holes, a notch is further formed in the cover plate 16, protruding circular rings 22 are arranged on the upper surface of the base 13 and the lower surface of the cover plate, the flexible corrugated pipe 18 is fixed between the protruding circular rings 22 on the upper surface of the base and the protruding circular rings 22 on the lower surface of the cover plate, the metal hoop 20 is used for pressing the upper end and the lower end of the flexible corrugated pipe 18, the rigid corrugated plate 19 is detachably arranged on the outer side surface of the flexible corrugated pipe 18, the horizontal support 21 is arranged on the supporting rod 14 and located above the cover plate 16, the horizontal support 21 is a tripod support, the electronic dial 8 gauge is fixedly arranged in the middle of the tripod support, and the electronic
The constant temperature test group includes water bath bucket 3 the same with the alternating temperature test group, test block support 4, electron amesdial 8, first temperature sensor 10, second temperature sensor 11, test block support 4 is arranged in water bath bucket 3, electron amesdial 8 is installed and is patrolled and examined the appearance 9 with the displacement in test block support 4 top and be connected, first temperature sensor 10 hangs inside test block support 4, second temperature sensor 12 hangs in the water bath bucket 3 of constant temperature test group, first temperature sensor 10, second temperature sensor 11 all patrols and examines appearance 12 with the temperature and be connected. The constant temperature test group is the same as the variable temperature test group except that the micro water pump is not arranged and the water cooling temperature controller is not needed.
A method for measuring the thermal expansion coefficient of early-age pervious concrete comprises the following steps:
assembling a temperature-variable test group and a test block support of a constant-temperature test group, mounting a rigid corrugated pipe on the outer side surface of a flexible corrugated pipe, and injecting pervious concrete from a gap of a cover disc and vibrating; embedding a first temperature sensor in the center of the pervious concrete, and trowelling the pervious concrete after the height of the first temperature sensor is controlled to be slightly lower than that of the cover disc to prepare two test blocks for later use;
step two, mounting the electronic dial indicator on a horizontal bracket, and blocking by using a metal sheet; placing the two test block supports and the test block into two water bath barrels respectively, filling water into the water bath barrels until the water surface height is between a cover disc of the test block supports and the horizontal support, and placing a second temperature sensor into the water bath barrels; the miniature water pump and the water cooling temperature control machine are connected with the temperature change test set; connecting the first temperature sensor, the second temperature sensor and the temperature polling instrument; connecting the electronic dial indicator with the displacement polling instrument; checking all lines;
thirdly, after the test block is finally solidified, removing the rigid corrugated pipe, jacking the electronic dial indicator to the surface of the test block, starting a water-cooling temperature control machine, a displacement inspection instrument and a temperature inspection instrument and debugging;
and step four, starting testing, wherein the water temperature in the water bath barrel of the constant temperature testing group is consistent with the environment, the water bath barrel of the variable temperature testing group is connected with an automatic water-cooling temperature control machine, the temperature is adjusted to be 15-25 ℃ in the test, the temperature is firstly increased from 20 ℃ to 25 ℃ in the test, the temperature is reduced to 15 ℃ after the constant temperature is maintained for 100 minutes, and the temperature is increased to 25 ℃ again after the constant temperature is maintained for 100 minutes. Each temperature cycle period is 2 hours, wherein the temperature rise and temperature drop stages are respectively completed in 10 minutes, the control time of the constant temperature stage is 100 minutes, and the temperature and strain data are continuously acquired and recorded in the whole test process;
step five, respectively calculating the thermal expansion coefficients of the variable temperature testing group and the constant temperature testing group according to the acquired temperature and strain data,
the calculation formula of the thermal expansion coefficient of the temperature change test group is as follows:
wherein
For the temperature-variable test group permeable concrete total strain, Delta LMTemperature change test for electronic dial gaugeLength change value of concrete group permeable, LMFor the initial length of the pervious concrete of the test group,
in order to test the thermal strain of the pervious concrete,
self-strain of pervious concrete for test group;
the thermal expansion coefficient of the constant temperature test group is calculated by the following formula:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
for constant temperature testing of the group total strain, Δ L, of pervious concreteNThe length change value L of the pervious concrete of the constant temperature test group measured by an electronic dial indicatorNFor the constant temperature test group of initial length of pervious concrete,
the self-strain of the pervious concrete is tested at a constant temperature;
since the self-strain of pervious concrete is determined by its properties, therefore:
therefore, the thermal strain of the temperature change test set comprises:
each temperature cycle period can calculate a thermal strain value in the constant temperature stage, so that the thermal expansion coefficient is calculated by the formula of the ith and i +1 th thermal strains as follows:
wherein α is the thermal expansion coefficient, Δ TcThe temperature difference of the i-th and i + 1-th thermal strain pervious concrete centers,
and
i and i +1 th thermal strain, T, respectivelyi cAnd
the central temperatures of the i-th and i + 1-th pervious concrete, i.e., the temperatures measured by the first temperature sensor 10, respectively.
Claims (10)
1. A device for measuring the early-age thermal expansion coefficient of pervious concrete by a water bath method is characterized by comprising a temperature-changing test set, wherein the temperature-changing test set comprises a water bath barrel, a test block support, a first miniature water pump, a second miniature water pump, a water-cooling temperature control machine, an electronic dial indicator, a displacement inspection instrument, a first temperature sensor and a temperature inspection instrument, the test block support, the first miniature water pump and the second miniature water pump are positioned in the water bath barrel, the test block support comprises a base, a supporting rod, a supporting sheet, a cover disc, a cooling water pipe, a flexible corrugated pipe, a rigid corrugated plate and a horizontal support, the lower end of the supporting rod is installed on the base, the supporting sheet is installed on the upper portion of the supporting rod, the cover disc is fixed on the supporting sheet, small holes are formed in the base and the cover disc, the cooling water pipe is positioned in the test block support and penetrates through the small holes, a notch is further formed in the cover disc, and convex circular rings, flexible bellows is fixed between the protruding ring of base upper surface and the protruding ring of closing cap lower surface, the removable installation in flexible bellows lateral surface of rigid corrugated plate, horizontal stand installs on the bracing piece and is located the closing cap top, horizontal stand is used for fixed electron amesdial, the electron amesdial is patrolled and examined the appearance with the displacement and is connected, first temperature sensor hangs inside the test block support and patrols and examines the appearance with the temperature and be connected, first miniature water pump is connected with water-cooling temperature-control machine, the miniature water pump of second is connected with the cooling water pipe.
2. The apparatus for determining the early stage coefficient of thermal expansion of pervious concrete by water bath method according to claim 1, further comprising ferrules for compressing the upper and lower ends of the flexible corrugated tube.
3. The apparatus for measuring the early-age thermal expansion coefficient of pervious concrete by using the water bath method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the number of the supporting rods and the supporting sheets is three, and the three supporting rods are uniformly arranged on the base.
4. The device for measuring the early-age thermal expansion coefficient of the pervious concrete by the water bath method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the horizontal bracket is a three-leg bracket, and the electronic dial indicator is fixed in the middle of the three-leg bracket.
5. The device for measuring the early-age thermal expansion coefficient of the pervious concrete by the water bath method according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a second temperature sensor, wherein the second temperature sensor is suspended in the water bath barrel and is connected with a temperature polling instrument.
6. The device for determining the early-age thermal expansion coefficient of pervious concrete by using the water bath method according to claim 1 or 2 is characterized by further comprising a constant-temperature testing group, wherein the constant-temperature testing group comprises a water bath barrel, a test block support, an electronic dial indicator and a first temperature sensor, the water bath barrel is the same as the variable-temperature testing group, the test block support is located in the water bath barrel, the electronic dial indicator is installed above the test block support and is connected with a displacement polling instrument, and the first temperature sensor is hung inside the test block support and is connected with the temperature polling instrument.
7. The apparatus for determining the early-age thermal expansion coefficient of pervious concrete according to claim 6, wherein the constant temperature test group does not contain a micro water pump.
8. The apparatus for determining the early-age thermal expansion coefficient of pervious concrete according to claim 6, wherein the constant temperature test set further comprises a second temperature sensor, and the second temperature sensor is suspended in a bath barrel of the constant temperature test set.
9. The method for measuring the thermal expansion coefficient of the early-age pervious concrete is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
assembling a test block support of a temperature-changing test group, mounting a rigid corrugated pipe on the outer side surface of a flexible corrugated pipe, and injecting pervious concrete from a gap of a cover disc and vibrating; pre-burying a first temperature sensor in the center of the pervious concrete, leveling the pervious concrete after controlling the height, and preparing a test block for later use;
step two, mounting the electronic dial indicator on a horizontal bracket, and blocking by using a metal sheet; placing the test block support and the test block into a water bath barrel, injecting water into the water bath barrel until the water surface is higher than the water surface between a cover disc of the test block support and the horizontal support, and placing a second temperature sensor into the water bath barrel; connecting the micro water pump with a water cooling temperature control machine; connecting the first temperature sensor, the second temperature sensor and the temperature polling instrument; connecting the electronic dial indicator with the displacement polling instrument; checking all lines;
thirdly, after the test block is finally solidified, removing the rigid corrugated pipe, jacking the electronic dial indicator to the surface of the test block, starting a water-cooling temperature control machine, a displacement inspection instrument and a temperature inspection instrument and debugging;
step four, starting testing, regulating the temperature to be increased from t1 to t2, cooling to t3 after keeping the temperature for a period of time, increasing the temperature to t2 again after keeping the temperature for a period of time, and continuously acquiring and recording temperature and strain data in the whole testing process;
and step five, calculating the thermal expansion coefficient of the temperature change test set according to the acquired temperature and strain data.
10. The method for determining the coefficient of thermal expansion of early-age pervious concrete according to claim 9, further comprising a constant temperature test set, wherein the preparation work of the constant temperature test set before the test is the same as that of the variable temperature test set, and the room temperature is always kept constant only in the fourth step, and the fifth step is to calculate the coefficients of thermal expansion of the variable temperature test set and the constant temperature test set according to the collected temperature and strain data,
the calculation formula of the thermal expansion coefficient of the temperature change test group is as follows:
wherein
For the temperature-variable test group permeable concrete total strain, Delta LMThe length change value L of the pervious concrete of the temperature change test set measured by an electronic dial indicatorMFor the initial length of the pervious concrete of the test group,
in order to test the thermal strain of the pervious concrete,
self-strain of pervious concrete for test group;
the thermal expansion coefficient of the constant temperature test group is calculated by the following formula:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
for constant temperature testing of the group total strain, Δ L, of pervious concreteNThe length change value L of the pervious concrete of the constant temperature test group measured by an electronic dial indicatorNFor the constant temperature test group of initial length of pervious concrete,
the self-strain of the pervious concrete is tested at a constant temperature;
since the self-strain of pervious concrete is determined by its properties, therefore:
therefore, the thermal strain of the temperature change test set comprises:
each temperature cycle period can calculate a thermal strain value in the constant temperature stage, so that the thermal expansion coefficient is calculated by the formula of the ith and i +1 th thermal strains as follows:
wherein α is the thermal expansion coefficient, Δ TcThe temperature difference of the i-th and i + 1-th thermal strain pervious concrete centers,
and
i and i +1 th thermal strain, T, respectivelyi cAnd
the central temperatures of the i-th pervious concrete and the i + 1-th pervious concrete are respectively.
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