CN111637961B - Drive shaft torsional vibration testing arrangement - Google Patents
Drive shaft torsional vibration testing arrangement Download PDFInfo
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- CN111637961B CN111637961B CN202010486914.9A CN202010486914A CN111637961B CN 111637961 B CN111637961 B CN 111637961B CN 202010486914 A CN202010486914 A CN 202010486914A CN 111637961 B CN111637961 B CN 111637961B
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- connecting rod
- bearing
- fixing sleeve
- half cylinder
- torsional vibration
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H9/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M17/00—Testing of vehicles
- G01M17/007—Wheeled or endless-tracked vehicles
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Testing Of Devices, Machine Parts, Or Other Structures Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a drive shaft torsional vibration testing device, which is characterized by comprising: the sensor fixing sleeve is coaxially sleeved on the transmission shaft, a first bearing and a second bearing are respectively arranged between the axial two ends of the sensor fixing sleeve and the transmission shaft to enable the sensor fixing sleeve to keep static when the transmission shaft rotates, an induction code band is arranged between the first bearing and the second bearing of the transmission shaft, a photoelectric sensor is arranged at the position, corresponding to the induction code band, of the sensor fixing sleeve, vertical connecting rods capable of elastically contracting are arranged at the axial two ends of the top of the sensor fixing sleeve, and installation magnetic seats are arranged at the upper ends of the connecting rods and used for being connected with a vehicle frame. According to the invention, when the transmission shaft rotates, the inner rings of the two bearings rotate along with the driving shaft, and the steering tangential force provided by the outer rings of the two bearings through the connecting rod does not rotate along with the driving shaft, so that the relative position of the sensor and the code band is not changed, and the measurement precision is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a torsional vibration test, in particular to a drive shaft torsional vibration test device.
Background
Torsional vibration refers to periodic vibration in the torsional direction, when the vibration quantity is too large or resonance is generated, the torsional vibration has great destructiveness, the light person makes the torsional stress acting on a transmission system change to aggravate the vibration and noise of the whole vehicle, increase the fatigue damage of related parts of the transmission system, reduce the service life, and serious torsional vibration can cause the cracks or the fractures of system parts and aggravate the abrasion of parts, so that the torsional vibration test is very necessary in the whole vehicle test process, but the accurate test of the torsional vibration on a driving shaft is very difficult.
The existing test modes are mainly divided into two types, one type is as shown in fig. 1, a sensor 2 is fixed above a driving shaft 1 to be tested, the sensor 2 tests the rotating speed of the driving shaft 1 by a numerical method by sensing a code band 3 (grating paper) on the driving shaft 1, and the sensor 2 and the driving shaft 1 are not connected, so that the method has larger test error because the driving shaft 1 of a vehicle jumps up and down in the real road driving process, the vertical distance between the sensor 2 and the code band 3 is changed, and the method is mainly applied to a stock transfer test bed in a test room, and the condition that the torsional vibration of the vehicle is influenced by the resistance of the wheel cannot be really fed back. The second is to transmit the strain signal (feedback torsional vibration) to the computer for testing by directly sticking a strain gauge on the driving shaft and by wireless equipment, but this type of test has the disadvantages of complex structure, long preparation period, high cost, etc.
Therefore, a driving shaft torsional vibration testing device which is simple in structure, high in measurement accuracy and capable of overcoming the change of the vertical distance between a sensor and a code belt of an actual vehicle in a road driving state needs to be developed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects of the background technology and provide a driving shaft torsional vibration testing device which is simple in structure, high in measurement accuracy and capable of overcoming the problem that the vertical distance between a sensor and a code belt of an actual vehicle is changed in a road driving state.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a drive shaft torsional vibration testing apparatus, comprising: the sensor fixing sleeve is coaxially sleeved on the transmission shaft, a first bearing and a second bearing are respectively arranged between the axial two ends of the sensor fixing sleeve and the transmission shaft to enable the sensor fixing sleeve to keep static when the transmission shaft rotates, an induction code band is arranged between the first bearing and the second bearing of the transmission shaft, a photoelectric sensor is arranged at the position, corresponding to the induction code band, of the sensor fixing sleeve, vertical connecting rods capable of elastically contracting are arranged at the axial two ends of the top of the sensor fixing sleeve, and installation magnetic seats are arranged at the upper ends of the connecting rods and used for being connected with a vehicle frame.
Preferably, the sensor fixing sleeve comprises a first half cylinder and a second half cylinder which are butted to form a complete cylinder body, two butt joints of the first half cylinder and the second half cylinder are arranged up and down correspondingly, and a hinge and a buckle are arranged at the upper butt joint and the lower butt joint respectively to form detachable connection.
Further, the hinge is two, sets up in the axial both ends at top between first half section of thick bamboo and the half section of thick bamboo of second, first half section of thick bamboo, the half section of thick bamboo of second set up the sensor mounting hole jointly with response sign indicating number area department of correspondence between two hinges, photoelectric sensor installs in the sensor mounting hole.
Furthermore, first sleeve supports are arranged at two axial ends of the top of the first half cylinder, second sleeve supports are arranged at two axial ends of the top of the second half cylinder, and the connecting rods are located between the first sleeve supports and the second sleeve supports at the same ends and are fixedly connected with the first sleeve supports and the second sleeve along the tangential direction of the sensor fixing sleeve by the mounting bolts.
Preferably, the connecting rod includes by lower supreme lower erection support, connecting rod underarm, connecting rod upper arm, the last erection support that sets gradually, the inside axial of connecting rod upper arm link up and coaxial setting spring, it links firmly with the connecting rod upper arm to go up the erection support, but in the entering connecting rod upper arm of connecting rod underarm axial activity, the spring upper and lower end is connected spacingly with last erection support lower extreme, connecting rod underarm upper end respectively, connecting rod upper arm lower extreme is equipped with binding up and restricts the connecting rod underarm and deviates from.
Further, the connecting rod underarm includes the body of rod and the body of rod upper end external diameter that the external diameter is homogeneous and enlarges and form the arch, protruding external diameter and the cooperation of connecting rod upper arm internal diameter, binding off internal diameter and the cooperation of body of rod external diameter, the binding off is located protruding below restriction connecting rod underarm and is deviate from the connecting rod upper arm.
Furthermore, the lower part of the upper mounting support enters the upper arm of the connecting rod to be in threaded connection, and the lower end of the lower arm of the connecting rod enters the lower mounting support to be in threaded connection.
Preferably, the mounting magnetic base comprises a magnet and an inverted U-shaped connecting base arranged below the magnet, and the top of the connecting rod enters the connecting base to be hinged along a hinge shaft in the horizontal direction.
Preferably, the sensor fixing sleeve is provided with a first bolt hole fixedly connected with the first bearing in a matching way and a second bolt hole fixedly connected with the second bearing in a matching way.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the sensor is installed through the sensor fixing sleeve, and the connecting rod is tangentially connected with the sensor fixing sleeve. The magnetic seat is arranged to be connected with a vehicle frame during testing, when the transmission shaft rotates, the inner ring rotors of the two bearings rotate along with the driving shaft, and the outer ring stators of the two bearings provide steering tangential force for the bearings through the connecting rod without rotating along with the driving shaft, so that the function that the sensor fixing device jumps along with the vertical jumping of the wheel end of the driving shaft but does not rotate along with the driving shaft is realized, and finally, the relative position of the sensor and the code strip is unchanged.
2. The problem of measurement errors caused by vertical distance change between a sensor and a code band due to vertical jumping of the wheel end of the driving shaft in the road torsional vibration measurement process of the automobile driving shaft is solved, accurate measurement of torsional vibration data is realized, and the test period and the test cost are reduced.
3. The connecting rod is of an elastic retractable structure, so that stable connection between the driving shaft and the frame is guaranteed when road conditions are uneven, the connecting rod can jump up and down along with the shaft, and the connecting rod can rotate, retract and elastically stretch to provide tangential force for the sensor fixing device and the bearing stator, so that the sensor fixing device and the bearing stator do not rotate along with the driving shaft, and the vertical distance between the sensor and the code band is guaranteed so as to facilitate measurement.
4. The mounting magnetic seat is hinged with the connecting rod to adapt to the bottom surfaces of the frames of different vehicle types and in various shapes, and the tight connection between the mounting magnetic seat and the frames is ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a code strip and a sensor installed in the prior art
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the entire apparatus of the present invention
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a first bearing structure
FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the installation of the first bearing, the second bearing and the inductive code band on the driving shaft
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a sensor fixing sleeve
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a connecting rod structure
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a magnetic mounting base
Wherein: 1-transmission shaft 2-sensor 3-code band 4-photoelectric sensor 5-connecting rod 6-induction code band 7-sensor mounting hole 8-first bearing 9-second bearing 10-buckle 11-sensor fixing sleeve 12-hinge 13-mounting support 14-connecting rod lower arm 15-connecting rod upper arm 16-spring 17-upper mounting support 18-mounting magnetic base 19-magnet 20-connecting seat 21-first bolt hole 22-second bolt hole 141-rod body 142-bulge 151-closing-up 111-first half cylinder 112-second half cylinder 113-first sleeve support 114-second sleeve support.
Detailed Description
The following specific examples further illustrate the invention in detail.
As shown in fig. 1, a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the sensor and the code strip in the conventional torsional vibration test is described in detail in the background art, and is not described herein again.
As shown in fig. 2 to 7, the drive shaft torsional vibration testing device provided by the invention comprises a sensor fixing sleeve 11 coaxially sleeved on a drive shaft 1, a first bearing 8 and a second bearing 9 are respectively arranged between two axial ends of the sensor fixing sleeve 11 and the drive shaft 1 to enable the sensor fixing sleeve 11 to keep static when the drive shaft 1 rotates, an induction code band 6 is arranged between the first bearing 8 and the second bearing 9 of the drive shaft 1, a photoelectric sensor 4 is arranged at a position of the sensor fixing sleeve 11 corresponding to the induction code band 6, vertical elastically contractible connecting rods 5 are arranged at two axial ends of the top of the sensor fixing sleeve 11, and a mounting magnetic seat 18 is arranged at the upper end of each connecting rod 5 and is used for being connected with a vehicle frame.
The sensor fixing sleeve 11 comprises a first half cylinder 111 and a second half cylinder 112 which are butted to form a complete cylinder body, two butt joints of the first half cylinder 111 and the second half cylinder 112 are arranged up and down correspondingly, and a hinge 12 and a buckle 10 are respectively arranged at the two butt joints to form detachable connection. The number of the hinges 12 is two, the hinges are arranged at two axial ends of a butt joint position above the first half cylinder 111 and the second half cylinder 112, the first half cylinder 111 and the second half cylinder 112 are provided with sensor mounting holes 7 together at positions corresponding to the induction code bands 6 between the two hinges 12, and the photoelectric sensor 4 is mounted in the sensor mounting holes 7. In this embodiment, two joint portions of the first half cylinder 111 and the second half cylinder 112 are two joints along the axial direction of the cylinder body, and central angles of the cross sections of the first half cylinder 111 and the second half cylinder 112 are 180 °. The first half tube 111 corresponds to the second half tube 112 in the up-down direction. The two hinges 12 are arranged at two axial ends of a joint on the first half cylinder 111 and the second half cylinder 112, and the hinges 12 are used for hinging and opening the first half cylinder 111 and the second half cylinder 112; the fastener 10 is used for fixing and closing the first half cylinder 111 and the second half cylinder 112, and the sensor mounting hole 7 is formed in the position of the upper joint between the two hinges 12, which corresponds to the induction code belt 6.
The first sleeve support 113 is arranged at two axial ends of the top of the first half cylinder 111, the second sleeve support 114 is arranged at two axial ends of the top of the second half cylinder 112, the first sleeve support 113 at each end is arranged, and the second half cylinder 112 is arranged oppositely along the tangential direction of the sensor fixing sleeve 11. Each connecting rod 5 is located between the first sleeve support 113 and the second sleeve support 114 at the same end, and the connecting rod 5 is fixedly connected with the first sleeve support 113 and the second sleeve 114 by the mounting bolt along the tangential direction of the sensor fixing sleeve 11.
The connecting rod 5 comprises a lower mounting support 13, a connecting rod lower arm 14, a connecting rod upper arm 15 and an upper mounting support 17 which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, a spring 16 is axially arranged in the connecting rod upper arm 15 in a through mode, the lower portion of the upper mounting support 17 enters the connecting rod upper arm 15 and is connected with the inner thread of the connecting rod upper arm to limit the upper end of the spring 16, the connecting rod lower arm 14 coaxially enters the connecting rod upper arm 15 and presses the lower end of the spring 16 to enable the connecting rod lower arm 14 and the connecting rod upper arm 15 to be axially and elastically connected, and a closing-in 151 is arranged. The lower connecting rod arm 14 comprises a rod body 141 with uniform outer diameter and a protrusion 142 formed by expanding the outer diameter of the upper end of the rod body 141, the outer diameter of the protrusion 142 is matched with the inner diameter of the upper connecting rod arm 15, a closing-in 151 is matched with the outer diameter of the rod body 141, and the closing-in 151 is located below the protrusion 141 to limit the lower connecting rod arm 14 to be separated from the upper connecting rod arm 15. The lower mounting support 13 of each connecting rod 5 is fixedly connected with the first sleeve support 113 and the second sleeve support 114 at the same end through bolts. In this embodiment, the spring 16 is in a compressed state in the initial state, and the closing-in 151 is in contact with and limited below the protrusion 141.
In this embodiment, when the road condition is uneven and the transmission shaft 1 jumps upwards, the change of the distance between the frame and the transmission shaft 1 is absorbed by the deformation of the spring 16, so that the frame and the transmission shaft are vertically and stably connected.
The mounting magnetic seat 18 comprises a magnet 19 and an inverted U-shaped connecting seat 20 arranged below the magnet 19, the top of the connecting rod 5 enters the connecting seat 20 to be hinged with a hinge shaft in the horizontal direction, and the magnet 19 is used for being adsorbed on the vehicle frame.
The sensor fixing sleeve 11 is provided with a first bolt hole 21 fixedly connected with the first bearing 8 in a matching way and a second bolt hole 22 fixedly connected with the second bearing 9 in a matching way. In this embodiment, two first bolt holes 21 are respectively arranged at one end of the first half cylinder 111 and the second half cylinder 112 corresponding to the first bearing 8, a first bearing fixing hole 81 is arranged on an outer ring (stator) of the first bearing 8 and used for being fixedly connected with the first bolt hole 21 through a bolt, and an inner ring (rotor) of the first bearing 8 is fixedly connected with the transmission shaft 1; the number of the second bolt holes 22 is two, the second bolt holes are respectively arranged at one end of the first half cylinder 111 and the second half cylinder 112 corresponding to the second bearing 9, a second bearing fixing hole (not shown) is also arranged on an outer ring (stator) of the second bearing 9 and used for being fixedly connected with the second bolt holes 22 through matching bolts, and an inner ring (rotor) of the second bearing 9 is fixedly connected with the transmission shaft 1.
The installation process and the working principle of the drive shaft torsional vibration testing device are as follows:
firstly, detaching a driving shaft 1 of an experimental vehicle, and mounting a first bearing 8 and a second bearing 9 on the driving shaft 1;
secondly, pasting the induction code belt 6 between a first bearing 8 and a second bearing 9 on the driving shaft 1;
thirdly, the first half cylinder 111 and the second half cylinder 112 are separated along the hinge 12, the first bearing 8 and the second bearing 9 are sleeved into the first half cylinder 111 and the second half cylinder 112, and the first half cylinder 111 and the second half cylinder 112 are closed through the buckle 10 to form the whole sensor fixing sleeve 11; fixedly connecting two ends of a sensor fixing sleeve 11 with a first bearing 8 and a second bearing 9 through bolts respectively;
fourthly, mounting the automobile driving shaft to the test vehicle, and fixedly connecting the lower mounting support 13 with the first sleeve support 113 and the second sleeve support 114 at the same end through bolts;
fifthly, adsorbing the magnet 19 provided with the magnetic base 18 on the frame along the central vertical position between the first sleeve support 113 and the second sleeve support 114;
sixthly, the lower connecting rod arm 14 penetrates through the upper connecting rod arm 15 downwards to be in threaded connection with the lower mounting support 13, the spring 16 is installed inside the upper connecting rod arm 15, and the upper connecting rod arm 15 is in threaded connection with the upper mounting support 17;
seventhly, the upper mounting support 17 is hinged with a connecting seat 20 for mounting the magnetic seat 18;
eighthly, the photoelectric sensor 4 is installed above the sensor fixing sleeve 11 through the sensor installation hole 7, and the photoelectric sensor 4 is connected to equipment for measurement;
and ninthly, starting the driving shaft 1 for testing, wherein the vertical position between the photoelectric sensor 4 and the induction code band 6 is kept unchanged in the testing process, so that the testing accuracy is ensured.
Claims (9)
1. A drive shaft torsional vibration testing apparatus, comprising: the sensor fixing sleeve (11) on transmission shaft (1) is located to coaxial cover, be equipped with first bearing (8) and second bearing (9) respectively between sensor fixing sleeve (11) axial both ends and transmission shaft (1) and make sensor fixing sleeve (11) keep static when transmission shaft (1) rotates, transmission shaft (1) is equipped with response sign indicating number area (6) between first bearing (8) and second bearing (9), sensor fixing sleeve (11) is equipped with photoelectric sensor (4) in the department of corresponding with response sign indicating number area (6), but sensor fixing sleeve (11) top axial both ends are equipped with vertical elastic shrinkage's connecting rod (5), each connecting rod (5) upper end sets up installation magnetic base (18) and is used for with connected to the frame.
2. The drive shaft torsional vibration testing device of claim 1, wherein the sensor fixing sleeve (11) comprises a first half cylinder (111) and a second half cylinder (112) which are butted to form a complete cylinder body, two butt joints of the first half cylinder (111) and the second half cylinder (112) are correspondingly arranged up and down, and a hinge (12) and a buckle (10) are respectively arranged at the upper butt joint and the lower butt joint to form a detachable connection.
3. The drive shaft torsional vibration testing device of claim 2, characterized in that, the hinge (12) is two, and is arranged at the axial two ends of the butt joint of the upper part of the first half cylinder (111) and the second half cylinder (112), the first half cylinder (111) and the second half cylinder (112) are provided with a sensor mounting hole (7) together between the two hinges (12) and corresponding to the induction code belt (6), and the photoelectric sensor (4) is arranged in the sensor mounting hole (7).
4. The drive shaft torsional vibration testing device of claim 2, characterized in that, the first sleeve support (113) is arranged at the top axial both ends of the first half cylinder (111), the second sleeve support (114) is arranged at the top axial both ends of the second half cylinder (112), each connecting rod (5) is arranged between the first sleeve support (113) and the second sleeve support (114) at the same end, and the connecting rod (5) is fixedly connected with the first sleeve support (113) and the second sleeve support (114) by a mounting bolt along the tangential direction of the sensor fixing sleeve (11).
5. The drive shaft torsional vibration testing device of claim 1, wherein the connecting rod (5) comprises a lower mounting support (13), a lower connecting rod arm (14), an upper connecting rod arm (15) and an upper mounting support (17) which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, a spring (16) is axially arranged in the upper connecting rod arm (15) in a through mode and coaxially arranged, the upper mounting support (17) is fixedly connected with the upper connecting rod arm (15), the lower connecting rod arm (14) can axially move into the upper connecting rod arm (15), the upper end and the lower end of the spring (16) are respectively connected with the lower end of the upper mounting support (17) and the upper end of the lower connecting rod arm (14) for limiting, and a closing opening (151) is arranged at the lower end of the upper connecting rod arm (15) for limiting the lower connecting rod arm (14) to be.
6. The driveshaft torsional vibration testing apparatus of claim 5, wherein the lower link arm (14) comprises a rod body (141) having a uniform outer diameter and a protrusion (142) formed by expanding the outer diameter of the upper end of the rod body (141), the outer diameter of the protrusion (142) is matched with the inner diameter of the upper link arm (15), the inner diameter of the closed opening (151) is matched with the outer diameter of the rod body (141), and the closed opening (151) is located below the protrusion (142) to limit the lower link arm (14) from being released from the upper link arm (15).
7. Drive shaft torsional vibration test arrangement according to claim 5, characterized in that the lower part of the upper mounting abutment (17) enters the threaded connection of the upper connecting rod arm (15) and the lower end of the lower connecting rod arm (14) enters the threaded connection of the lower mounting abutment (13).
8. The drive shaft torsional vibration testing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the mounting magnet holder (18) includes a magnet (19) and an inverted U-shaped coupling seat (20) disposed below the magnet (19), and the top of the connecting rod (5) enters the coupling seat (20) to be hinged along a hinge axis in a horizontal direction.
9. The drive shaft torsional vibration testing device of claim 1, characterized in that the sensor fixing sleeve (11) is provided with a first bolt hole (21) which is fixedly connected with the first bearing (8) in a matching way and a second bolt hole (22) which is fixedly connected with the second bearing (9) in a matching way.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010486914.9A CN111637961B (en) | 2020-06-01 | 2020-06-01 | Drive shaft torsional vibration testing arrangement |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010486914.9A CN111637961B (en) | 2020-06-01 | 2020-06-01 | Drive shaft torsional vibration testing arrangement |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN111637961A CN111637961A (en) | 2020-09-08 |
| CN111637961B true CN111637961B (en) | 2021-07-06 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202010486914.9A Active CN111637961B (en) | 2020-06-01 | 2020-06-01 | Drive shaft torsional vibration testing arrangement |
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104198031A (en) * | 2014-07-30 | 2014-12-10 | 东风康明斯发动机有限公司 | Torsional vibration signal detection method and device for engine crankshaft |
| CN204154507U (en) * | 2014-07-30 | 2015-02-11 | 东风康明斯发动机有限公司 | A kind of Twist Vibration System of Engine Crankshaft signal pickup assembly |
| CN105092021A (en) * | 2015-04-30 | 2015-11-25 | 浙江海洋学院 | Device and method for testing marine-shafting torsion vibration |
| CN109297660A (en) * | 2018-08-21 | 2019-02-01 | 浙江海洋大学 | A kind of marine shafting device for testing torsion and vibration |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20190033147A1 (en) * | 2017-07-28 | 2019-01-31 | Prime Photonics, Lc | Method and system for measuring torque and torsional vibration of a rotating body |
-
2020
- 2020-06-01 CN CN202010486914.9A patent/CN111637961B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104198031A (en) * | 2014-07-30 | 2014-12-10 | 东风康明斯发动机有限公司 | Torsional vibration signal detection method and device for engine crankshaft |
| CN204154507U (en) * | 2014-07-30 | 2015-02-11 | 东风康明斯发动机有限公司 | A kind of Twist Vibration System of Engine Crankshaft signal pickup assembly |
| CN105092021A (en) * | 2015-04-30 | 2015-11-25 | 浙江海洋学院 | Device and method for testing marine-shafting torsion vibration |
| CN109297660A (en) * | 2018-08-21 | 2019-02-01 | 浙江海洋大学 | A kind of marine shafting device for testing torsion and vibration |
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| CN111637961A (en) | 2020-09-08 |
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