CN111637144B - Gear shaft part and processing method thereof - Google Patents

Gear shaft part and processing method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111637144B
CN111637144B CN202010479916.5A CN202010479916A CN111637144B CN 111637144 B CN111637144 B CN 111637144B CN 202010479916 A CN202010479916 A CN 202010479916A CN 111637144 B CN111637144 B CN 111637144B
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gear
shaft part
machining
shaft
milling
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CN111637144A (en
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张迪
孔宪翔
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Shanghai Jian Qiao University
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Shanghai Jian Qiao University
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C3/00Shafts; Axles; Cranks; Eccentrics
    • F16C3/02Shafts; Axles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23PMETAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P15/00Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
    • B23P15/14Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass gear parts, e.g. gear wheels
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H55/00Elements with teeth or friction surfaces for conveying motion; Worms, pulleys or sheaves for gearing mechanisms
    • F16H55/02Toothed members; Worms
    • F16H55/17Toothed wheels

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Gears, Cams (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a gear shaft part and a processing method thereof, in particular to a complex gear shaft part and a numerical control processing method based on UG thereof, wherein the gear shaft part is in a stepped hollow shaft shape and is provided with a first shaft part, a second shaft part and a third shaft part which are sequentially connected from small to large in outer diameter, a gear is arranged outside the first shaft part, the side surfaces of the second shaft part and the third shaft part are provided with cross sections and form a D-shaped shaft structure, the cross sections of the second shaft part and the third shaft part are arranged on a plane, a slotted hole is arranged on the cross section of the second shaft part, and four threaded holes are arranged on the end face of the tail end of the third shaft part; the milling method is carried out on a universal four-axis numerical control machining center. Compared with the prior art, the invention meets the requirements of two connection forms, namely D-shaped connection and flange connection, of output end equipment through one type of gear shaft part; in addition, the UG-based efficient and high-precision milling of the complex gear part is realized.

Description

Gear shaft part and processing method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to a gear shaft part and a processing method thereof, in particular to a complex gear shaft part and a numerical control processing method based on UG thereof.
Background
The gear shaft is the most important supporting rotary part in the engineering machinery, can realize the rotary motion of gears and other parts, can transfer torque and power for a long distance, has the advantages of high transmission efficiency, long service life, compact structure and the like, is widely applied to the engineering machinery, and becomes one of basic parts of the engineering machinery transmission. At present, with the rapid development of domestic economy, the expansion of infrastructure and the requirement for engineering machinery are accompanied by a new surge.
In general, when the gear shaft transmits torque and power, the gear end (the end with the gear) is connected with the power input gear through the form of gear engagement, the shaft end is connected with the output end device, in general, the shaft end can be designed into a corresponding shape according to the output end device to meet the requirement of connection with the shaft end device (such as the form of key connection, flange connection, D-type connection, etc.), that is, each output end device needs to be designed with a corresponding special gear shaft, at present, the shaft end of the gear shaft of a manufacturer needs to be connected with different output end devices through the D-type connection and the flange connection respectively, and two shaft gears with distinct shapes need to be designed, which can increase the cost of production, supply and customer spare parts.
In addition, in the prior art, a rolling cutting method and a powder metallurgy method are generally used for the gear structure, a special cutter and a special die are needed, the cost is high, the processing efficiency is low, and particularly, for gear shaft parts with complex structures, the two processing modes are more unsuitable.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a gear shaft part and a processing method thereof. The requirement of two connection modes, namely D-shaped connection and flange connection, of output end equipment is met through one gear shaft part. In addition, high-efficiency and high-precision milling of complex gear parts is achieved based on UG.
The aim of the invention can be achieved by the following technical scheme:
the first aspect of the invention provides a gear shaft part which is in a stepped hollow shaft shape and is provided with a first shaft part, a second shaft part and a third shaft part, wherein the outer diameter of the first shaft part, the second shaft part and the third shaft part are sequentially connected from small to large, a gear is arranged outside the first shaft part, the side surfaces of the second shaft part and the third shaft part are provided with cross sections, a D-shaped shaft structure is formed, the cross sections of the second shaft part and the third shaft part are arranged on a plane, a slotted hole is arranged on the cross section of the second shaft part, and four threaded holes are arranged on the end face of the tail end of the third shaft part.
Preferably, the parameters of the gear are as follows: the number of teeth is 48, the modulus is 1, the pressure angle is 20 degrees, the diameter of the addendum circle is 50mm, the diameter of the reference circle is 48mm, and the diameter of the root circle is 45.5mm.
Preferably, the tooth form of the gear is an involute tooth form.
Preferably, both ends of the gear teeth of the gear are provided with tooth end chamfers.
Preferably, the gear is spaced from the second shaft portion by a gap.
Preferably, the slot is arranged at the middle of the section of the side surface of the second shaft part.
Preferably, the slot holes are stepped holes.
Preferably, the length of the first shaft portion and the third shaft portion is smaller than the length of the second shaft portion.
Preferably, the outer edges of the end surfaces of the second shaft portion and the third shaft portion facing the one end of the first shaft portion are provided with chamfers.
Preferably, the four threaded holes are evenly distributed on the distal end face of the third shaft portion.
The second aspect of the present invention provides a method for machining a gear shaft part, using a four-axis machining center, comprising the steps of:
s1: machining the blank into a stepped cylindrical structure according to parameters of the gear shaft, and drilling a drill hole matched with a threaded hole on the end face of the tail end of the third shaft part to manufacture a blank;
s2: establishing a gear shaft three-dimensional model by using modeling software according to the gear shaft parameters;
s3: establishing a milling cutter motion trail of gear rough machining according to the gear shaft three-dimensional model established in the step S2;
s4: establishing a milling cutter motion trail of gear finish machining according to the gear shaft three-dimensional model established in the step S2;
s5: generating a program according to the milling cutter motion trail of gear rough machining and the milling cutter motion trail of gear finish machining;
s6: the program generated in the step S5 is led into a four-axis machining center, and the blank gear is machined through gear rough machining and gear finish machining in sequence; wherein, the gear rough machining process adopts cavity milling, and the gear finish machining process adopts depth profile milling.
Preferably, in step S1, the blank is formed by a four-axis machining center, or by a common machine tool.
Preferably, in step S1, when drilling, the outer circle of the third shaft portion is clamped by using a three-jaw clamp, four holes are drilled by using a center, then drilling is performed by using a drill, and tapping is performed.
Preferably, in step S2, the modeling software uses Unigraphics NX software.
Preferably, in step S2, among the gear shaft parameters, the gear parameters are as follows: the number of teeth is 48, the modulus is 1, the pressure angle is 20 degrees, the diameter of the addendum circle is 50mm, the diameter of the reference circle is 48mm, and the diameter of the root circle is 45.5mm.
Preferably, in the step S6, milling and rough machining is carried out by a milling cutter with the diameter of 0.5mm through a cavity milling method in the gear rough machining process, wherein the machining allowance is 0.1mm; in the gear finishing process, a milling cutter with the diameter of 0.1mm is used for finishing by a depth profile milling method, and the machining allowance is 0mm.
Preferably, in step S6, gear rough machining and gear finishing form gears by excavating tooth slots one by one.
Preferably, the processing method further comprises the steps of: and (3) according to the gear shaft three-dimensional model established in the step (S2), establishing a milling cutter movement track for machining side sections of the second shaft part and the third shaft part and a cutter movement track for machining a slot hole, and guiding the milling cutter movement track into a four-shaft machining center according to a movement track generation program.
Preferably, the machining method further includes the step of milling the second shaft portion and the third shaft portion in side sections with a planar profile.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The gear shaft part integrates two output end equipment connection interfaces on a product, so that the gear shaft part can meet the requirements of two connection forms of D-shaped connection and flange connection required by output end equipment. The product universality is improved, and the cost of supply and customer spare parts is reduced.
(2) Under the condition of integrating two output end equipment connection interfaces, the invention further adopts a four-axis machining center for machining and forming, thereby avoiding the defect that two production lines are required to be arranged in the prior art.
(3) The flange connection is realized by four threaded holes on the end face of the tail end of the third shaft part, the D-shaped connection is realized by the cross sections of the side surfaces of the second shaft part and the third shaft part, and the two connection modes are not interfered with each other. When the D-shaped connection is adopted, the slot holes can be matched, so that the D-shaped connection is more stable.
(4) The processing method of the gear shaft part is to carry out the milling processing method on a universal four-axis numerical control processing center. And designing the motion trail of the milling cutter according to the gear shaft model by establishing the gear shaft model. The gear shaft can be machined without a forming milling cutter and a special machine tool, and the method has the characteristics of high machining efficiency, high precision and the like, and widens the machining method of the gear shaft.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a gear shaft part of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic bottom view of a gear shaft part of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a blank during the machining of a gear shaft part according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the path track of the gear roughing process of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the path track of the gear finishing process of the present invention.
In the figure, 1 is a first shaft portion, 11 is a gear, 111 is a tooth end chamfer, 2 is a first shaft portion, 3 is a third shaft portion, 4 is a cross section, 5 is a slot, and 6 is a chamfer.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings and specific examples.
Example 1
The gear shaft part is in a stepped hollow shaft shape as shown in fig. 1-2, and comprises a first shaft part 1, a second shaft part 2 and a third shaft part 3, wherein the outer diameter of the first shaft part 1 is from small to large, the first shaft part 1 is provided with a gear 11, the side surfaces of the second shaft part 2 and the third shaft part 3 are provided with cross sections 4, a D-shaped shaft structure is formed, the cross sections 4 of the second shaft part 2 and the third shaft part 3 are arranged on a plane, the cross sections 4 of the second shaft part 2 are provided with a slotted hole 5, and the end face of the end of the third shaft part 3 is provided with four threaded holes 31.
The gear shaft part integrates two output end equipment connection interfaces on a product, so that the gear shaft part can meet the requirements of two connection forms of D-shaped connection and flange connection required by output end equipment. The product universality is improved, and the cost of supply and customer spare parts is reduced. The flange connection is realized by four threaded holes on the end face of the tail end of the third shaft part, the D-shaped connection is realized by the cross sections of the side surfaces of the second shaft part and the third shaft part, and the two connection modes are not interfered with each other. When the D-shaped connection is adopted, the slot holes can be matched, so that the D-shaped connection is more stable.
In the present invention, the parameters (parts) of the gear 11 are preferably as follows: the number of teeth is 48, the modulus is 1, the pressure angle is 20 degrees, the diameter of the addendum circle is 50mm, the diameter of the reference circle is 48mm, and the diameter of the root circle is 45.5mm. The gear parameters in practice can be reasonably selected according to the needs. The tooth form of the gear 11 in this embodiment may be an involute tooth form. The tooth shape can be meshed correctly even if the center distance is somewhat wrong; the accurate tooth form is easy to obtain and the processing is easy; because of the rolling engagement on the curve, the rotary motion can be smoothly transmitted; as long as the gear teeth are the same in size, one cutter can process gears with different numbers of teeth; the tooth root is thick and strong, and the strength is high. In practice, other tooth forms may be selected as desired. It is further preferable that both ends of the teeth of the gear 11 are provided with tooth end chamfers 111. The outer edges of the end surfaces of the second shaft portion 2 and the third shaft portion 3 facing the one end of the first shaft portion 1 are provided with chamfers. By arranging the chamfer, the grade of the product is improved while the performance of the product is not affected. In the present invention, a gap is preferably provided between the gear 11 and the second shaft portion 2. That is, the gear part is separated from the end face of the second shaft part, so that interference of the second shaft part to the gear in the running process is avoided, and the gap between the second shaft part and the gear is also favorable for heat dissipation of the gear in the running process of the gear shaft (the heat is taken away by utilizing air flow).
In the present invention, the length of the first shaft portion 1 and the third shaft portion 3 is preferably smaller than the length of the second shaft portion 2. And preferably a slot 5 is provided in the middle of the cross section 4 of the side face of the second shaft portion 2. It is further preferable that the slot 5 is a stepped hole. It is further preferable that four screw holes 31 are uniformly distributed on the distal end face of the third shaft portion 3.
The processing method of the gear shaft part can adopt a rolling cutting method and a powder metallurgy method, and can also adopt a four-axis processing center for processing, and the four-axis processing center is preferably utilized in the invention, and comprises the following steps:
s1: according to the parameters of the gear shaft, for the convenience of clamping and the requirement of tool withdrawal in the processing process, a blank (the size and depth of the size and the depth of the hole of the blank can be determined according to the parameters of a specific gear shaft, which belongs to the general quality of the person skilled in the art) is processed into a stepped cylindrical structure, and a drilling hole matched with a threaded hole on the end face of the tail end of the third shaft part is drilled to form a blank, as shown in fig. 3. The blank can be processed and formed by a four-axis processing center, and can also be processed and formed by a common machine tool (so that the working time of the processing center can be saved). The turning and drilling procedures during the blank machining process are preferably manually programmed using existing procedures. When drilling, the three-jaw clamp is used for clamping the excircle of the third shaft part, four holes are drilled by the center, then a drill bit is used for drilling, and tapping is performed. For example, a three-jaw jig is used to clamp an outer circle of the third shaft portion with a diameter of 70mm, four holes are drilled at the bottom (of the third shaft portion) with a center drill point, a 5mm drill bit is used to drill a bottom hole of M6 with a depth of 12mm, and a tap of M6 is used to tap with a depth of 8mm, so that a thread gauge is detected.
S2: and according to the gear shaft parameters, establishing a gear shaft three-dimensional model by using modeling software, wherein the modeling software preferably adopts Unigraphics NX software.
S3: and (3) establishing a milling cutter movement track for gear rough machining according to the gear shaft three-dimensional model established in the step (S2), as shown in fig. 4.
S4: and (3) establishing a milling cutter motion trail of gear finish machining according to the gear shaft three-dimensional model established in the step (S2), as shown in fig. 5.
S5: generating a program according to the motion trail of the milling cutter for gear rough machining and the motion trail of the milling cutter for gear finish machining, and checking whether the program is correct or not;
s6: the program generated in the step S5 is led into a four-axis machining center, and the blank gear is machined through gear rough machining and gear finish machining in sequence; wherein, the gear rough machining process adopts cavity milling, and the gear finish machining process adopts depth profile milling.
In the step S6, gears are formed in a mode of excavating tooth grooves one by one in gear rough machining and gear finish machining. In the gear rough machining process, milling and rough machining are carried out by using a milling cutter with the diameter of 0.5mm through a cavity milling method, and the machining allowance is 0.1mm; in the gear finishing process, a milling cutter with the diameter of 0.1mm is used for finishing by a depth profile milling method, and the machining allowance is 0mm. The method realizes the high-precision milling of the gear surface of the gear shaft, is suitable for the milling of the gear, can realize the processing of the gear shaft without a forming milling cutter and a special machine tool compared with a rolling cutting method and a powder metallurgy method in the prior art, has the characteristics of high processing efficiency, high precision and the like, and widens the processing method of the gear shaft.
In the invention, the processing method further comprises the following steps: and (3) according to the gear shaft three-dimensional model established in the step (S2), establishing a milling cutter movement track for machining side sections of the second shaft part and the third shaft part and a cutter movement track for machining a slot hole, and guiding the milling cutter movement track into a four-shaft machining center according to a movement track generation program. The machining method further comprises the step of milling the side sections of the second shaft part and the third shaft part by adopting a plane contour and machining the slotted holes.
In the invention, the established movement track of the cutter (milling cutter) can be automatically generated by software, can be obtained by self calculation, can be designed by using the existing algorithm, and can be obtained by comprehensively utilizing the method for calculation and optimization.
The processing method of the gear shaft part is to carry out the milling processing method on a universal four-axis numerical control processing center. And designing the motion trail of the milling cutter according to the gear shaft model by establishing the gear shaft model. The gear shaft can be machined without a forming milling cutter and a special machine tool, and the method has the characteristics of high machining efficiency, high precision and the like, and widens the machining method of the gear shaft.
The previous description of the embodiments is provided to facilitate a person of ordinary skill in the art in order to make and use the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications can be readily made to these embodiments and the generic principles described herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of the inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and those skilled in the art, based on the present disclosure, should make improvements and modifications without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. The machining method of the gear shaft part is characterized in that the gear shaft part is in a stepped hollow shaft shape and is provided with a first shaft part (1), a second shaft part (2) and a third shaft part (3) which are sequentially connected from small to large in outer diameter, a gear (11) is arranged outside the first shaft part (1), cross sections (4) are arranged on the side surfaces of the second shaft part (2) and the third shaft part (3) to form a D-shaped shaft structure, the cross sections (4) of the second shaft part (2) and the third shaft part (3) are arranged on a plane, a slotted hole (5) is formed in the cross section (4) of the second shaft part (2), and four threaded holes (31) are formed in the end face of the third shaft part (3);
the processing method utilizes a four-axis processing center and comprises the following steps:
s1: machining the blank into a stepped cylindrical structure according to parameters of the gear shaft, and drilling a drill hole matched with a threaded hole on the end face of the tail end of the third shaft part to manufacture a blank;
s2: establishing a gear shaft three-dimensional model by using modeling software according to the gear shaft parameters;
s3: establishing a milling cutter motion trail of gear rough machining according to the gear shaft three-dimensional model established in the step S2;
s4: establishing a milling cutter motion trail of gear finish machining according to the gear shaft three-dimensional model established in the step S2;
s5: generating a program according to the milling cutter motion trail of gear rough machining and the milling cutter motion trail of gear finish machining;
s6: the program generated in the step S5 is led into a four-axis machining center, and the blank gear is machined through gear rough machining and gear finish machining in sequence; wherein, the gear rough machining process adopts cavity milling, and the gear finish machining process adopts depth profile milling.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S1, the blank is formed by a four-axis machining center or by a general machine tool.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the outer circle of the third shaft portion is clamped by using a three-jaw jig, four holes are drilled by a center, and then drilling is performed by using a drill, and then tapping is performed.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, the modeling software is Unigraphics NX software.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S2, gear parameters among the gear shaft parameters are as follows: the number of teeth is 48, the modulus is 1, the pressure angle is 20 degrees, the diameter of the addendum circle is 50mm, the diameter of the reference circle is 48mm, and the diameter of the root circle is 45.5mm.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step S6, during gear rough machining, milling rough machining is performed by a cavity milling method using a milling cutter with a diameter of 0.5mm, and a machining allowance is 0.1mm; in the gear finishing process, a milling cutter with the diameter of 0.1mm is used for finishing by a depth profile milling method, and the machining allowance is 0mm.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S6, gear rough machining and gear finishing form gears by excavating tooth grooves one by one.
8. The method of machining a gear shaft part according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of: and (3) according to the gear shaft three-dimensional model established in the step (S2), establishing a milling cutter movement track for machining side sections of the second shaft part and the third shaft part and a cutter movement track for machining a slot hole, and guiding the milling cutter movement track into a four-shaft machining center according to a movement track generation program.
9. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of milling the second and third shaft section side sections with a planar profile and machining the slot holes.
CN202010479916.5A 2020-05-30 2020-05-30 Gear shaft part and processing method thereof Active CN111637144B (en)

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CN111637144B true CN111637144B (en) 2024-02-27

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113732637B (en) * 2021-09-26 2022-04-26 中信重工机械股份有限公司 Large-diameter split type thin-wall gear ring machining method

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5433672A (en) * 1991-08-13 1995-07-18 Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd. Inscribed meshing planetary gear construction
EP2443921A2 (en) * 2010-10-21 2012-04-25 Shimano, Inc. Method of deriving path of contact on face gear, method of manufacturing face gear, face gear and spinning reel rotor drive device
CN205806392U (en) * 2016-05-17 2016-12-14 苏州威富达精密机械制造有限公司 A kind of gear spline connecting shaft
CN205991086U (en) * 2016-08-31 2017-03-01 三一重型能源装备有限公司 Torsion shaft and dual gear structure and booster engine
CN206368956U (en) * 2016-12-20 2017-08-01 深圳东明机电股份有限公司 For the gear assembly in gear-box
CN212643292U (en) * 2020-05-30 2021-03-02 上海建桥学院 Gear shaft part

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5433672A (en) * 1991-08-13 1995-07-18 Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd. Inscribed meshing planetary gear construction
EP2443921A2 (en) * 2010-10-21 2012-04-25 Shimano, Inc. Method of deriving path of contact on face gear, method of manufacturing face gear, face gear and spinning reel rotor drive device
CN205806392U (en) * 2016-05-17 2016-12-14 苏州威富达精密机械制造有限公司 A kind of gear spline connecting shaft
CN205991086U (en) * 2016-08-31 2017-03-01 三一重型能源装备有限公司 Torsion shaft and dual gear structure and booster engine
CN206368956U (en) * 2016-12-20 2017-08-01 深圳东明机电股份有限公司 For the gear assembly in gear-box
CN212643292U (en) * 2020-05-30 2021-03-02 上海建桥学院 Gear shaft part

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