CN111636940B - Overlapping gravity field acting method and device - Google Patents
Overlapping gravity field acting method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN111636940B CN111636940B CN202010491818.3A CN202010491818A CN111636940B CN 111636940 B CN111636940 B CN 111636940B CN 202010491818 A CN202010491818 A CN 202010491818A CN 111636940 B CN111636940 B CN 111636940B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K27/00—Plants for converting heat or fluid energy into mechanical energy, not otherwise provided for
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D13/00—Combinations of two or more machines or engines
- F01D13/02—Working-fluid interconnection of machines or engines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K11/00—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers
- F01K11/02—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers the engines being turbines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B7/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with cascade operation, i.e. with two or more circuits, the heat from the condenser of one circuit being absorbed by the evaporator of the next circuit
Abstract
The invention discloses a cascade gravitational field work-doing device, which consists of at least two stages of gravitational field work-doing subsystems; an interstage circulation system is arranged between the gravity field work doing subsystems of two adjacent stages, and comprises an interstage circulation pump (4); each stage of gravity field work-doing subsystem comprises a high-level condenser (1), a low-level liquid turbine (2) and a low-level evaporator (3); the heat absorption channel of the high-level condenser (1) of the previous stage of the gravity field work-applying subsystem, the heat release channel of the low-level evaporator (3) of the next stage of the gravity field work-applying subsystem and the interstage circulating pump (4) are sequentially connected to form closed circulation. The invention also provides a method for applying work by utilizing the device in the overlapping type gravity field. The invention reduces the position fall required by system operation, and has wider application range; by the cascade circulation, under the condition of certain position drop, the temperature difference of the evaporator and the condenser is enlarged.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power equipment, in particular to a cascade gravitational field acting device and a method.
Background
The steam power method is the main method of the prior thermodynamic cycle method, the method has low utilization efficiency for low-grade heat sources, particularly when the method is applied to the widely existing low-grade heat sources lower than 80 ℃, steam pressure energy cannot be effectively utilized to do work and generate power due to the low steam pressure of working media, and the efficiency is still low at the low heat source temperature even if organic working media Rankine cycle is adopted. The patent application (201711419509.X) provides a gravity field work-doing heat pipe device, which realizes the natural pressurization and decompression process in the flow by utilizing the interconversion of pressure energy and gravitational potential energy in the gravity field, does not need an expansion valve and a vapor compressor, has higher energy utilization efficiency, converts the traditional gas pressure energy power generation into liquid pressure energy power generation, can obtain a very large pressure potential difference under a small temperature difference, and is particularly suitable for doing work by utilizing low-grade energy. However, the device has the disadvantage of high requirement on position drop, for example, the required position drop reaches hundreds of meters under the conventional evaporation and condensation temperature difference of tens of degrees, thereby reducing the practical feasibility of the device.
Therefore, there is a need for an improved system for the system, which can have a smaller requirement for the position drop, so as to enhance the applicability of the system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method and a device for acting by a cascade gravitational field.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a cascade gravitational field work-doing device, which consists of at least two stages of gravitational field work-doing subsystems; an interstage circulating system is arranged between the gravity field work doing subsystems of two adjacent stages, and comprises an interstage circulating pump;
therefore, the gravity field work-doing subsystems of all the stages form a cascade relation through the heat transfer function of the interstage circulating system;
each stage of gravity field work-doing subsystem comprises a high-level condenser, a low-level liquid turbine and a low-level evaporator, wherein the high-level condenser is placed at a high level, and the low-level liquid turbine and the low-level evaporator are placed at a low level;
a condensation heat release channel of the high-level condenser, a low-level liquid turbine and a heat absorption channel of the low-level evaporator are sequentially connected to form closed circulation;
namely, the outlet of the condensation heat release channel of the high-level condenser is connected with the inlet of the low-level liquid turbine, the outlet of the low-level liquid turbine is connected with the inlet of the heat absorption channel of the low-level evaporator, the outlet of the heat absorption channel of the low-level evaporator is connected with the inlet of the condensation heat release channel of the high-level condenser, and the three form a closed-loop system;
a heat absorption channel of a high-level condenser of the upper-level gravity field work-doing subsystem, a heat release channel of a low-level evaporator of the lower-level gravity field work-doing subsystem and an interstage circulating pump are sequentially connected to form closed circulation;
namely, the outlet of a heat absorption channel of a high-level condenser of the upper-level gravitational field work-doing subsystem is connected with the inlet of a heat release channel of a low-level evaporator of the lower-level gravitational field work-doing subsystem, and the outlet of the heat release channel of the low-level evaporator of the lower-level gravitational field work-doing subsystem is connected with the inlet of the heat absorption channel of the high-level condenser of the upper-level gravitational field work-doing subsystem through an inter-stage circulating pump between the two-level gravitational field work-doing subsystems to form a cascade relation;
a heat release channel of a low-level evaporator of the first-stage gravitational field work-doing subsystem is connected with an external heat source; and a heat absorption channel of a high-level condenser of the final stage gravity field work application subsystem is connected with an external cold source.
The invention relates to an improvement of a cascade gravitational field acting device, which comprises the following steps: in the same-level gravity field work subsystem, the fall between the high-level condenser and the low-level evaporator is more than 100 meters.
Description of the drawings: in the same-level gravity field work-applying subsystem, the low-level liquid turbine and the low-level evaporator can be at the same level position or have a slight height difference; the high-level condensers in different gravity field work-doing subsystems can be at the same horizontal level or have a slight height difference.
The invention is further improved by the overlapping gravity field acting device: the low-grade heat source is used as an external heat source, and the air is used as an external cold source.
The invention also provides a method for applying work by using the device in a cascade gravitational field, which is any one of the following methods:
the first method, the square circulation method:
the refrigerant circulation state in each stage of gravity field work-doing subsystem is represented as square circulation on a T-S diagram;
the second method is a square and triangle circulation method:
the refrigerant circulation state in the first-stage gravitational field work-doing subsystem is represented as square circulation on a T-S diagram; the refrigerant circulation state in the rest stages of gravity field work-doing subsystems is represented as triangular circulation on a T-S diagram;
a third method, a triangle circulation method:
the refrigerant circulation state in each stage of gravity field work-doing subsystem is represented as triangular circulation on a T-S diagram;
the method IV comprises a triangular and square circulation method:
the refrigerant circulation state in the first-stage gravity field work-doing subsystem is represented as triangular circulation on a T-S diagram; the refrigerant circulation state in the rest stages of gravity field work-doing subsystems is represented as square circulation on a T-S diagram.
As an improvement of the method for applying work by using the cascade gravitational field, the method comprises the following steps of in square circulation (in a same-level gravitational field work application subsystem):
the refrigerant flowing out of the condensation heat release channel of the high-level condenser is a low-temperature low-pressure gas-liquid mixture (low-temperature low-pressure gas-liquid mixture with low dryness), and flows to the inlet of the low-level liquid turbine in a heat-insulating way under the combined action of gravity and pressure difference to form an ultrahigh-pressure liquid working medium which enters the low-level liquid turbine, and the liquid pressure of the ultrahigh-pressure liquid working medium is released to apply work outwards to form a high-pressure working medium; the high-pressure working medium continuously flows into an evaporation heat absorption channel of the low-level evaporator, and becomes a high-temperature high-pressure gas-liquid mixture (the high-temperature high-pressure gas-liquid mixture with certain dryness) after absorbing the heat released by the fluid in a heat release channel of the low-level evaporator; the high-temperature high-pressure gas-liquid mixture flows towards the inlet of the condensation heat release channel of the high-level condenser in an adiabatic manner by overcoming the gravity under the action of pressure difference, and becomes a low-temperature low-pressure gas-liquid mixture (high-dryness low-temperature low-pressure gas-liquid mixture) when reaching the inlet of the condensation heat release channel of the high-level condenser; the low-temperature low-pressure gas-liquid mixture releases latent heat to fluid in the heat absorption channel of the high-level condenser in the condensation heat release channel of the high-level condenser, becomes a low-temperature low-pressure gas-liquid mixture with reduced dryness (namely, the low-temperature low-pressure gas-liquid mixture with lower dryness), flows out of the condensation heat release channel of the high-level condenser, and then flows to the liquid turbine; and the process is circulated.
As an improvement of the cascade gravitational field work method of the invention, in triangular circulation (in a same-level gravitational field work subsystem):
the refrigerant flowing out of the condensation heat release channel of the high-level condenser is low-temperature low-pressure saturated/supercooled liquid working medium, and flows to the inlet of the low-level liquid turbine in an adiabatic manner under the combined action of gravity and pressure difference to form ultrahigh-pressure liquid working medium which enters the low-level liquid turbine, and the liquid pressure of the ultrahigh-pressure liquid working medium is released to apply work outwards to form high-pressure working medium; the high-pressure working medium continuously flows into an evaporation heat absorption channel of the low-level evaporator, and becomes a high-temperature high-pressure gas-liquid mixture (the high-temperature high-pressure gas-liquid mixture with smaller dryness) after absorbing the heat released by the fluid in a heat release channel of the low-level evaporator; the high-temperature high-pressure gas-liquid mixture flows towards the inlet of the condensation heat release channel of the high-level condenser in an adiabatic way by overcoming the gravity under the action of pressure difference, and becomes a low-temperature low-pressure gas-liquid mixture (the low-temperature low-pressure gas-liquid mixture with higher dryness) when reaching the inlet of the condensation heat release channel of the high-level condenser; the low-temperature and low-pressure gas-liquid mixture releases latent heat to fluid in the heat absorption channel of the high-level condenser in the condensation heat release channel of the high-level condenser, becomes low-temperature and low-pressure saturated/supercooled liquid working medium, flows out of the condensation heat release channel of the high-level condenser and flows to the liquid turbine; and the process is circulated.
As a further improvement of the cascade gravitational field work method, in an interstage circulation system: the secondary refrigerant in the heat absorption channel of the upper-stage high-level condenser absorbs the latent heat released by the low-temperature and low-pressure gas-liquid mixture in the condensation heat release channel of the upper-stage high-level condenser, then the temperature is raised, and the secondary refrigerant flows into the heat release channel of the lower-stage low-level evaporator under the action of the interstage circulating pump and releases heat to the high-pressure working medium in the evaporation heat absorption channel of the lower-level evaporator; the temperature is reduced, and the mixture flows into a heat absorption channel of a higher-level condenser of the previous stage after being pressurized by an interstage circulating pump, so that the circulation is carried out.
In the invention, the gravity field work-doing subsystem can be two-stage or multi-stage.
The working medium in the closed-loop system among the high-level condenser, the low-level evaporator and the liquid turbine of the same-level gravity field work-applying subsystem is a refrigeration working medium (refrigerant), such as R22.
The working medium conveyed between the gravity field working subsystems of different stages through the interstage circulating pump 4 is common secondary refrigerant such as water.
Compared with the existing gravitational field work-doing system, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the position fall required by system operation is reduced, and the application range is wider. By the cascade circulation, under the condition of a certain position fall, the temperature difference of the evaporator and the condenser is enlarged;
2. the form of the external heat source is suitable for a constant-temperature heat source and a variable-temperature heat source.
3. The invention greatly reduces the height difference required by the system by two-stage or multi-stage circulating overlapping, and has four operation methods with different performances, namely square/square circulation, square/triangle circulation, triangle circulation and triangle/square circulation.
Drawings
The following describes embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a cascade gravitational field work-applying device according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a conventional system.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to specific examples, but the scope of the invention is not limited thereto:
the device example 1 is a cascade gravitational field work device, as shown in fig. 1, composed of at least two stages of gravitational field work subsystems; an interstage circulating system is arranged between the gravity field work doing subsystems of two adjacent stages, and the interstage circulating system consists of an interstage circulating pump 4 and a pipeline thereof; therefore, the gravity field work subsystems of all the stages form a cascade relation through the heat transfer effect of the interstage circulation system.
Each stage of gravity field work-applying subsystem is specifically as follows: comprising a high level condenser 1, a low level liquid turbine 2 and a low level evaporator 3. The high level condenser 1 is placed at a high level, and the low level liquid turbine 2 and the low level evaporator 3 are placed at a low level.
A condensation heat release channel of the high-level condenser 1, a low-level liquid turbine 2 and a heat absorption channel of the low-level evaporator 3 are sequentially connected to form closed circulation; namely, the outlet of the condensation heat release channel of the high-level condenser 1 is connected with the liquid inlet of the low-level liquid turbine 2, the liquid outlet of the low-level liquid turbine 2 is connected with the inlet of the heat absorption channel of the low-level evaporator 3, the outlet of the heat absorption channel of the low-level evaporator 3 is connected with the inlet of the condensation heat release channel of the high-level condenser 1, and the three form a closed-loop system.
In the same-level gravity field work-doing subsystem, the low-level liquid turbine 2 and the low-level evaporator 3 can be at the same horizontal level or have a slight height difference; the head between the higher condenser 1 and the lower evaporator 3 is generally over 100 meters (for example 300.9 meters as described in example 1 below); the high-level condensers 1 in different gravity field work-doing subsystems can be at the same horizontal level or have a slight height difference.
A heat absorption channel of a high-level condenser 1 of the gravity field work-doing subsystem of the previous stage, a heat release channel of a low-level evaporator 3 of the gravity field work-doing subsystem of the next stage and an interstage circulating pump 4 are sequentially connected to form closed circulation; namely, the outlet of the heat absorption channel of the high-level condenser 1 of the upper-level gravitational field work-doing subsystem is connected with the inlet of the heat release channel of the low-level evaporator 3 of the lower-level gravitational field work-doing subsystem, and the outlet of the heat release channel of the low-level evaporator 3 of the lower-level gravitational field work-doing subsystem is connected with the inlet of the heat absorption channel of the high-level condenser 1 of the upper-level gravitational field work-doing subsystem through the inter-level circulating pump 4 between the two-level gravitational field work-doing subsystems, so that a cascade relation is formed.
A heat release channel of a low-level evaporator 3 of the first-stage gravitational field work-doing subsystem is connected with an external heat source; and a heat absorption channel of a high-level condenser 1 of the final stage gravity field work-doing subsystem is connected with an external cold source. Generally, a low-grade heat source is selected as an external heat source, and ambient air is selected as an external cold source.
The following examples 1 to 4 all used the system described in the above apparatus example 1; the difference is whether the outlet state of the lower condenser 3 is fully condensed or partially condensed, and the two choices of the outlet state of the lower condenser 3 cause the difference between the square and the triangle on the T-S thermodynamic cycle diagram, thereby also significantly affecting the altitude difference and the efficiency of the cascade system.
The working mode of the square circulation method of the cascade gravitational field work-doing device in the embodiment 1 is as follows:
1.1, in a gravity field work subsystem of the same level:
the gas-liquid mixture with low dryness flowing out of the condensation heat release channel of the high-level condenser 1 flows to the inlet of the low-level liquid turbine 2 in an adiabatic way under the combined action of gravity and pressure difference, and along with the reduction of the gravity in a gravitational field, the gravitational potential energy is reduced, the pressure is gradually increased, and the temperature is increased; therefore, the formed ultrahigh-pressure liquid working medium enters the low-level liquid turbine 2, the liquid pressure of the ultrahigh-pressure liquid working medium is released to apply work to the outside, and the pressure is reduced to high pressure to form a high-pressure working medium; the high-pressure working medium continuously flows into the evaporation heat absorption channel of the low-level evaporator 3, and after the heat released by the fluid in the heat release channel of the low-level evaporator 3 is absorbed, a high-temperature high-pressure gas-liquid mixture with certain dryness is formed. The gas-liquid mixture flows towards the inlet of the condensation heat release channel of the high-level condenser 1 in an adiabatic manner by overcoming the gravity under the action of the pressure difference, the pressure is gradually reduced, the gravitational potential energy is increased, the temperature is reduced, the dryness is increased, and when the gas-liquid mixture reaches the inlet of the heat release channel of the high-level condenser 1, the gas-liquid mixture becomes a low-temperature low-pressure gas-liquid mixture with higher dryness. The low-temperature low-pressure gas-liquid mixture releases latent heat to the fluid in the heat absorption channel of the high-level condenser 1 in the heat release channel of the high-level condenser 1, becomes a low-temperature low-pressure gas-liquid mixture with low dryness, flows out of the heat release channel of the high-level condenser 1, and then flows to the liquid turbine 2. And the process is circulated.
Description of the drawings: in the first-stage gravity field work-doing subsystem, a heat source in a heat-releasing channel of the low-level evaporator 3 is an external low-grade heat source; in the gravity field work-doing subsystem, the heat source in the heat-releasing channel of the low-level evaporator 3 refers to the secondary refrigerant flowing in from the heat-absorbing channel of the high-level condenser 1 of the upper-level gravity field work-doing subsystem. The gas-liquid mixture in the condensation heat release channel of the high-level condenser 1 is referred to as R22 gas-liquid mixture.
1.2, in an interstage circulation system:
the secondary refrigerant in the heat absorption channel of the upper-stage high-order condenser 1 absorbs the latent heat released by the low-temperature low-pressure gas-liquid mixture in the heat release channel of the upper-stage high-order condenser 1, then the temperature rises, and the secondary refrigerant flows into the heat release channel of the lower-stage low-order evaporator 3 under the action of the interstage circulating pump 4 and releases heat to the high-pressure working medium in the heat absorption channel of the lower-stage evaporator 3; the temperature is reduced, and the mixture flows into a heat absorption channel of the upper-stage high-level condenser 1 after being pressurized by the interstage circulating pump 4, and the circulation is carried out.
1.3, in the same way, the heat absorption channel of the high-level condenser 1 of the final stage gravity field work-doing subsystem is connected with an external cold source, so that the circulation and the energy gradient utilization of the whole system are realized.
The refrigerant cycle state of one stage and the other stages in embodiment 1 is represented as a square cycle characteristic on the T-S diagram. Take two-stage cycle as an example; the calculated parameters are shown in table 1 (for 1kg R22).
The design conditions are as follows: the system adopts two-stage circulation, the average temperature of a high-temperature heat source (an inlet of a first-stage high-level condenser 1) is 65 ℃, and the average temperature of a low-temperature heat source (an inlet of a second-stage low-level evaporator 3) is 10 ℃. The difference between the high level and the low level is 300.9 meters, namely, in the same-level gravitational field work-doing subsystem, the fall between the high level condenser 1 and the low level evaporator 3 is 300.9 meters.
The evaporation temperature of the first-level low-level evaporator is 60 ℃, the working medium is R22, thermodynamic cycle calculation shows that the temperature/pressure of the first-level high-level condenser is 40 ℃/1.528Mpa, the heat discharge amount is 20kJ/kg, the temperature/pressure of the first-level low-level evaporator is 60 ℃/2.420Mpa, the inlet pressure of the first-level liquid turbine is 3.744Mpa, the outlet pressure is 2.420Mpa, the work capacity output is 1.282kJ/kg, the cycle multiplying factor of the interstage circulating pump is 1.004, and the cycle temperature difference loss is 3 ℃. The heat absorption capacity of the second-stage low-level evaporator is 19.93kJ/kg, the output work of the second-stage liquid turbine is 1.419kJ/kg, the system COP (defined as the ratio of the total work done by the turbine to the heat consumption of the first-stage high-level evaporator) is 0.127, and the system fire efficiency (defined as the ratio of the output work of the liquid turbine to the heat provided by an external heat source) is 78%. Therefore, compared with the original system, the required height of the embodiment 1 is reduced from 899.7 meters to 300.9 meters at present, 2/3 is reduced, the required height difference is greatly reduced, and the original purpose of the invention is effectively realized.
2.1, in the gravity field work subsystem of the first stage (the first stage):
same as example 1 in 1.1.
2.2, in the gravity field work subsystem of the same stage except the first stage:
the low-temperature low-pressure saturated (or supercooled) liquid working medium flowing out of a condensation heat release channel of the high-level condenser 1 flows to the inlet of the low-level liquid turbine 2 in an adiabatic manner under the combined action of gravity and pressure difference, and the gravity potential energy is reduced along with the reduction of the height in a gravity field, the pressure is gradually increased, and the temperature is increased; therefore, the formed ultrahigh-pressure liquid working medium enters the low-level liquid turbine 2, the liquid pressure of the ultrahigh-pressure liquid working medium is released to apply work to the outside, and the pressure is reduced to high pressure to form a high-pressure working medium; the high-pressure working medium continuously flows into the evaporation heat absorption channel of the low-level evaporator 3, and after the heat released by the fluid in the heat release channel of the low-level evaporator 3 is absorbed, the high-temperature high-pressure gas-liquid mixture with smaller dryness is formed. The gas-liquid mixture flows towards the inlet of the condensation heat release channel of the high-level condenser 1 in an adiabatic manner by overcoming the gravity under the action of the pressure difference, the pressure is gradually reduced, the gravitational potential energy is increased, the temperature is reduced, the dryness is increased, and when the gas-liquid mixture reaches the inlet of the heat release channel of the high-level condenser 1, the gas-liquid mixture becomes a low-temperature low-pressure gas-liquid mixture with higher dryness. The low-temperature low-pressure gas-liquid mixture releases latent heat to fluid in the heat absorption channel of the high-level condenser 1 in the heat release channel of the high-level condenser 1, becomes a low-temperature low-pressure saturated (or supercooled) liquid working medium, flows out of the heat release channel of the high-level condenser 1, and then flows to the liquid turbine 2. And the process is circulated.
2.3, in the interstage circulation system:
same as 1.2 of example 1.
2.4, same as 1.3 of example 1.
In this embodiment 2, the refrigerant cycle state of the first stage is represented as a square cycle characteristic on the T-S diagram, and the refrigerant cycle states of the second stage and the other stages are represented as a triangular cycle characteristic on the T-S diagram.
Take two-stage cycle as an example; the calculated parameters for example 2 are shown in table 1 (for 1kgR 22). The design conditions are as follows: the system adopts two-stage circulation, the average temperature of the high-temperature heat source is 65 ℃, and the average temperature of the low-temperature heat source is 10 ℃. The difference between the high position and the low position is 219.1 meters, the evaporation temperature of the first-stage low-position evaporator is 60 ℃, the working medium is R22, the thermodynamic cycle calculation shows that the temperature/pressure of the first-stage high-position condenser is 44.6 ℃/1.707Mpa, the heat discharge amount is 20kJ/kg, the temperature/pressure of the first-stage low-position evaporator is 60 ℃/2.420Mpa, the inlet pressure of the first-stage liquid turbine is 2.487Mpa, the outlet pressure is 2.420Mpa, and the output work-doing amount is 0.584 kJ/kg. The circulation multiplying power of the interstage circulation pump is 0.6, and the loss of circulation temperature difference is 3 ℃. The heat absorption capacity of the secondary evaporator is 33.19kJ/kg, the output work of the secondary liquid turbine is 0.9kJ/kg, and the COP (defined as the ratio of the total work done by the turbine to the heat consumption of the primary high-level evaporator) of the system is 0.071. Compared with the embodiment 1, the system ignition effect and the COP are respectively 40.5 percent and 0.071, and compared with the embodiment 1, the system ignition effect and the COP are reduced, but the required system height is further reduced, and is reduced from 300.9 meters of the embodiment 1 to 218.3 meters, thereby effectively realizing the original purpose of the invention.
3.1, in the gravity field work subsystem of the same level:
the same as 2.2 of example 2.
3.2, in the interstage circulation system:
same as example 1 in 1.2.
3.3, same as 1.3 of example 1.
The refrigerant cycle state of each stage in this embodiment 3 is represented as a triangular cycle characteristic on the T-S diagram.
Take two-stage cycle as an example; the calculated parameters for example 3 are shown in table 2 (for 1kgR 22). The design conditions are as follows: the average temperature of the high-temperature heat source is 65 ℃, and the average temperature of the low-temperature heat source is 10 ℃. The difference between the high position and the low position is 164.2 meters, the evaporation temperature of the first-stage low-position evaporator is 60 ℃, the working medium is R22, and thermodynamic cycle calculation shows that the temperature/pressure of the first-stage high-position condenser is 40.6 ℃/1.55Mpa, the heat discharge amount is 25.54kJ/kg, the temperature/pressure of the first-stage low-position evaporator is 60 ℃/2.420Mpa, the inlet pressure of the first-stage liquid turbine is 3.361Mpa, the outlet pressure is 2.420Mpa, and the output work capacity is 0.758 kJ/kg. The circulation multiplying power of the interstage circulation pump is 0.91, and the loss of circulation temperature difference is 3 ℃. The heat absorption capacity of the secondary evaporator is 28kJ/kg, and the work output of the secondary liquid turbine is 0.98 kJ/kg. Compared with the example 2, the system of the example 3 has the fire efficiency and the COP of 47 percent and 0.066 respectively, namely the fire efficiency is higher, and the height of the system is further reduced compared with the embodiment 2, namely the system is reduced from 218.3 meters to 163.4 meters of the embodiment 2, so that the original purpose of the invention is effectively realized.
Embodiment 4, a triangular and square circulation method of a cascade gravitational field work application device, the working method is as follows:
4.1, in the gravity field work subsystem of the first stage (the first stage):
the same as 2.2 of example 2.
4.2, in the gravity field work subsystem of the same stage except the first stage:
same as example 1 in 1.1.
4.3, in the interstage circulation system:
same as example 1 in 1.2.
4.4, same as 1.3 of example 1.
In embodiment 4, the refrigerant cycle state of the first stage is represented by a triangular cycle characteristic on the T-S diagram, and the refrigerant cycle state of the second stage and the other stages is represented by a square cycle characteristic on the T-S diagram.
Take two-stage cycle as an example; the calculated parameters for example 4 are shown in table 2 (for 1kgR 22). The design conditions are as follows: the average temperature of the high-temperature heat source is 65 ℃, and the average temperature of the low-temperature heat source is 10 ℃. The difference between the high position and the low position is 225.1 meters, the evaporation temperature of the first-stage low-position evaporator is 60 ℃, the working medium is R22, the thermodynamic cycle calculation shows that the temperature/pressure of the first-stage high-position condenser is 35.7 ℃/1.37Mpa, the heat discharge amount is 31.4kJ/kg, the temperature/pressure of the first-stage low-position evaporator is 60 ℃/2.420Mpa, the inlet pressure of the first-stage liquid turbine is 3.917Mpa, the outlet pressure is 2.420Mpa, and the output work capacity is 2.042 kJ/kg. The circulation multiplying power of the interstage circulation pump is 1.58, and the loss of circulation temperature difference is 3 ℃. The heat absorption capacity of the secondary evaporator is 19.9kJ/kg, and the work output of the secondary liquid turbine is 1.818 kJ/kg. The system height in the embodiment example 4 is almost the same as that of the embodiment example 2, but the fire efficiency is greatly improved to 93.7 percent compared with that of the embodiment examples 1, 2 and 3, the high fire efficiency is kept under the requirement of low system height difference, and the original purpose of the invention is effectively realized.
TABLE 1 thermodynamic calculations results for the implementation of the existing System, example 1 and example 2 (for 1kgR22)
Table, 2 thermodynamic calculations results of example 3 and example 4 (for 1kgR22)
In the embodiments, the design parameters of the system can be reasonably determined by comprehensively considering factors such as specific use conditions and requirements, technical economic performance and the like, so as to take the applicability and the economic efficiency of the system into consideration.
In contrast, the vertical height of the system can be significantly reduced in the embodiments 1 to 4 compared with the conventional non-overlapping system, and the original purpose of the present invention is achieved, wherein the system of embodiment 1 has the highest fire efficiency but the highest vertical height requirement, the vertical height requirements of embodiments 2 and 3 have low but low fire efficiency, and the height requirement of embodiment 4 is relatively low and the fire efficiency is very high. Therefore, if the fire efficiency is considered only, the embodiment 1 is superior, and if the system is considered only by the vertical height requirement, the embodiment 3 is superior, and the embodiment 4 is superior when the system fire efficiency and the vertical height are considered in a comprehensive mode.
Description of the drawings: the prior system in table 1 is an invention patent (201711419509.X), as shown in fig. 2, which cannot be matched in multiple stages, can only do work in one stage in a circulating manner, and has limited use places.
Finally, it is also noted that the above-mentioned list is only a few specific embodiments of the present invention. It is obvious that the invention is not limited to the above embodiments, but that many variations are possible. All modifications which can be derived or suggested by a person skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present invention are to be considered within the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. The method for applying work by utilizing the overlapping type gravity field work applying device is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the cascade gravitational field work-doing device consists of at least two stages of gravitational field work-doing subsystems; an interstage circulation system is arranged between the gravity field work doing subsystems of two adjacent stages, and comprises an interstage circulation pump (4);
each stage of gravity field work-doing subsystem comprises a high-level condenser (1), a low-level liquid turbine (2) and a low-level evaporator (3), wherein the high-level condenser (1) is placed at a high level, and the low-level liquid turbine (2) and the low-level evaporator (3) are placed at a low level;
a condensation heat release channel of the high-level condenser (1), a low-level liquid turbine (2) and a heat absorption channel of the low-level evaporator (3) are sequentially connected to form closed circulation;
a heat absorption channel of a high-level condenser (1) of the gravity field work-doing subsystem of the previous stage, a heat release channel of a low-level evaporator (3) of the gravity field work-doing subsystem of the next stage and an interstage circulating pump (4) are sequentially connected to form closed circulation;
a heat release channel of a low-level evaporator (3) of the first-stage gravity field work-doing subsystem is connected with an external heat source; the heat absorption channel of the high-level condenser (1) of the final stage gravitational field work-doing subsystem is connected with an external cold source
The work doing method of the cascade gravitational field is any one of the following methods:
the first method, the square circulation method:
the refrigerant circulation state in each stage of gravity field work-doing subsystem is represented as square circulation on a T-S diagram;
the second method is a square and triangle circulation method:
the refrigerant circulation state in the first-stage gravitational field work-doing subsystem is represented as square circulation on a T-S diagram; the refrigerant circulation state in the rest stages of gravity field work-doing subsystems is represented as triangular circulation on a T-S diagram;
a third method, a triangle circulation method:
the refrigerant circulation state in each stage of gravity field work-doing subsystem is represented as triangular circulation on a T-S diagram;
the method IV comprises a triangular and square circulation method:
the refrigerant circulation state in the first-stage gravity field work-doing subsystem is represented as triangular circulation on a T-S diagram; the refrigerant circulation state in the rest stages of gravity field work-doing subsystems is represented as square circulation on a T-S diagram.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein:
when the square is circulated:
the refrigerant flowing out of the condensation heat release channel of the high-level condenser (1) is a low-temperature low-pressure gas-liquid mixture, and flows to the inlet of the low-level liquid turbine (2) in an adiabatic manner under the combined action of gravity and pressure difference to form an ultrahigh-pressure liquid working medium which enters the low-level liquid turbine (2), and the liquid pressure of the ultrahigh-pressure liquid working medium is released to work outwards to form a high-pressure working medium; the high-pressure working medium continuously flows into the evaporation heat absorption channel of the low-level evaporator (3) to absorb the heat released by the fluid in the heat release channel of the low-level evaporator (3) to form a high-temperature high-pressure gas-liquid mixture; the high-temperature high-pressure gas-liquid mixture flows towards the inlet of the condensation heat release channel of the high-level condenser (1) in an adiabatic manner against gravity under the action of pressure difference, and becomes a low-temperature low-pressure gas-liquid mixture when reaching the inlet of the condensation heat release channel of the high-level condenser (1); the low-temperature low-pressure gas-liquid mixture releases latent heat to fluid in a heat absorption channel of the high-level condenser (1) in a condensation heat release channel of the high-level condenser (1), becomes a low-temperature low-pressure gas-liquid mixture with reduced dryness, flows out of the condensation heat release channel of the high-level condenser (1), and flows to a liquid turbine (2); and the process is circulated.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises:
when the triangle is circulated:
the refrigerant flowing out of the condensation heat release channel of the high-level condenser (1) is a low-temperature low-pressure saturated/or supercooled liquid working medium, and flows to the inlet of the low-level liquid turbine (2) in an adiabatic manner under the combined action of gravity and pressure difference to form an ultrahigh-pressure liquid working medium which enters the low-level liquid turbine (2), and the liquid pressure of the ultrahigh-pressure liquid working medium is released to work outwards to form a high-pressure working medium; the high-pressure working medium continuously flows into the evaporation heat absorption channel of the low-level evaporator (3) to absorb the heat released by the fluid in the heat release channel of the low-level evaporator (3) to form a high-temperature high-pressure gas-liquid mixture; the high-temperature high-pressure gas-liquid mixture flows towards the inlet of the condensation heat release channel of the high-level condenser (1) in an adiabatic manner against gravity under the action of pressure difference, and becomes a low-temperature low-pressure gas-liquid mixture when reaching the inlet of the condensation heat release channel of the high-level condenser (1); the low-temperature low-pressure gas-liquid mixture releases latent heat to fluid in a heat absorption channel of the high-level condenser (1) in a condensation heat release channel of the high-level condenser (1), becomes low-temperature low-pressure saturated/or supercooled liquid working medium, flows out of the condensation heat release channel of the high-level condenser (1), and flows to a liquid turbine (2); and the process is circulated.
4. The method of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein:
in the interstage circulating system: the secondary refrigerant in the heat absorption channel of the upper-stage high-level condenser (1) absorbs the latent heat released by the low-temperature and low-pressure gas-liquid mixture in the condensation heat release channel of the upper-stage high-level condenser (1), then the temperature is increased, and the secondary refrigerant flows into the heat release channel of the lower-stage low-level evaporator (3) under the action of the interstage circulating pump (4) and releases heat to the high-pressure working medium in the evaporation heat absorption channel of the lower-level evaporator (3); the temperature is reduced, and the mixture flows into a heat absorption channel of the upper-stage high-order condenser (1) after being pressurized by the interstage circulating pump (4) and circulates in the way.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein: in the same-level gravity field work subsystem, the fall between the high-level condenser (1) and the low-level evaporator (3) is more than 100 meters.
6. The method of doing work with a cascade gravitational field as set forth in claim 5, wherein: the low-grade heat source is used as an external heat source, and the air is used as an external cold source.
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| US4306416A (en) * | 1979-05-15 | 1981-12-22 | Joseph Iozzi | Closed cycle, hydraulic-turbine heat engine |
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