CN111630234B - 具有预定曲度的用于建筑结构的面板和制造该面板的方法 - Google Patents

具有预定曲度的用于建筑结构的面板和制造该面板的方法 Download PDF

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CN111630234B
CN111630234B CN201980009303.0A CN201980009303A CN111630234B CN 111630234 B CN111630234 B CN 111630234B CN 201980009303 A CN201980009303 A CN 201980009303A CN 111630234 B CN111630234 B CN 111630234B
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M·恩博格
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Rockwell Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于建筑结构的面板，该面板具有预定曲度，所述面板具有带有曲度的大体矩形形状，使得该面板具有凸起的外表面和凹入的内表面并具有一组侧边区域和一组端边区域，其中该面板包括至少一块矿物棉纤维板坯，该板坯具有粘结到外表面的多条第一条带和粘结到内表面的多条第二条带。

Description

具有预定曲度的用于建筑结构的面板和制造该面板的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有预定曲度的用于建筑结构的面板，所述面板具有带有曲度的大体矩形的形状，使得该面板具有凸起的外表面和凹入的内表面并具有一组侧边区域和一组端边区域的。本发明还涉及一种制造这种面板的方法。
背景技术
例如可以从WO 2013/064150中获知诸如临时建筑结构之类的建筑结构，通过使用合适的面板可以将这种建筑结构简单且快速地竖立起来。
在WO 2013/064150中，披露了一种避难所建筑物，其包括预制壳体，即，例如用于提供隔离的聚氨酯或聚苯乙烯混凝土的预制面板。这比GB1,178,261中披露的壳体由玻璃纤维制成的避难所建筑物更为有利。在US8,615,934中获知了面板化的便携式避难所的另一个例子。
这种避难所是便携式的建筑结构，作为帐篷的补充或替代品来为难民、自然灾害的受害者等或类似的使人无家可归从而需要住处的人提供紧急避难所。因此，这种避难所的一个需求是要容易运输到需要该避难所的有时偏远的地理区域并且容易竖立起来。帐篷已经广泛使用因为帐篷满足了这些标准，但是帐篷的缺点是不能隔热。帐篷的另一个缺陷是相对短的寿命。
建筑结构还可以是低成本或者半永久性的建筑，即，在贫困地区或者在有限的年限内需要该建筑的情况下，例如用于给收容孩子或者作为狩猎小屋。
对于诸如上面确定类型的避难所的建筑结构来说，除了上面提到的性能之外，期望获得具有良好隔离性能的建筑面板。这些面板还应该允许这样的建造，所述建造促进快速、简单且容易地建造这种避难所。为了满足这种需求，WO 2017/167634中披露了一种避难所面板，其具有矿物棉材料的夹层结构，其中低密度芯夹在处于其每侧上的高密度层之间，其中低密度芯延伸超出侧边缘从而使得在面板之间可以实现紧密装配。
发明内容
然而，为了确保低成本地制造这些避难所面板，并且还为了确保简单且能够在简陋条件下有效实施的制造工艺，期望提供一种改进的面板设计。因此，本发明的目的是实现这种在成本和当地制造可行性方面的改进。
因此，该目的通过一种简单且容易制造的用于安装在建筑结构中的面板而达到。
该目的通过提供一种用于开始提到的那种类型的建筑结构的面板而达到，其中该面板包括至少一块矿物棉纤维板坯，所述板坯(slab)具有粘结到外表面的多个第一条带和粘结到内表面的多个第二条带。
通过将条带固定到表面来将矿物棉纤维板坯成型并保持到预定的弯曲形状，因为至少一块板坯和条带在成型中粘结在一起并因此保持这种弯曲形状。制造是简单的并且适合于本地生产或者甚至是现场生产。部件可以以平坦元件堆叠的形式运输到制造场所，这确保了紧凑的运输单元，该紧凑的运输单元处理起来是容易的并且节省成本的。通过使用条带，部件的紧凑性对于运输是非常有利的，就是因为使用金属条带来保持弯曲形状意味着仅需要少量的胶水或类似的粘结剂。在成本方面这是有利的，因为在生产这种面板时粘结剂是费成本的部件。优选地，这些条带是金属条带，但是可以是其他合适的材料。
面板成型为具有预定曲度，其优选地基本成型为半壳体以使得两块面板可以被设置为形成弧，许多面板彼此相邻地类似地竖立以形成包括多块面板的避难所形式的建筑结构。通过提供矿物棉纤维材料(优选石棉)的面板，提供了隔热面板，该隔热面板为避难所结构提供了隔热，正如避难所因此还获得了阻燃性能一样。
用于将条带粘结到一块或多块板坯的粘结剂可以是任何类型的胶水，比如聚氨酯胶水或泡沫，例如
Figure GDA0004066267880000021
-T2i(这是一种单组份聚氨酯胶水)、Casco Nobel Superfix3890、PU Construction-&Precision Foam 594(丹那利姆(Danalim))、ConstructionExtra 292(丹那利姆(Danalim))或者其他合适的建筑胶水或泡沫。
通过本发明，发现矿物棉纤维层的密度在70到180kg/m3的范围内，优选为大约90kg/m3，是有利的。这为面板提供了足够的强度并且保持每块面板的重量较低。
优选地，第一条带和第二条带分别在凸起的外表面和凹入的内表面上彼此基本平行地布置。此外，条带在外表面和内表面上在所述端边区域的端边之间延伸。藉此将材料用量保持到最低同时这确保了沿着整个面板保持预定的形状。
优选地，条带是金属条带，更优选地是由薄钢片制成的，并且优选进行镀锌以便于防止腐蚀。这样也保持了低的成本。
面板可以由一块单板坯构成，但是可以意识到，可以连续布置多块矿物棉纤维板坯，并且使得每条金属条带跨越所有的矿物棉纤维板坯。
根据本发明的第二方面，还提供了一种制造根据前述权利要求任一项所述的用于建筑结构的面板的方法，包括以下步骤：
-提供具有预定曲度的面板成型件，以及
-将一条或多条第一条带放置在所述面板成型件中，以及然后
-通过将至少一块矿物纤维板坯放置在所述面板成型件中而将所述至少一块矿物纤维板坯以粘结方式固定到第一条带，以及然后
-在所述至少一块板坯的内表面上提供一层粘结剂，以及然后
-将一条或多条第二条带放置在面板成型件中使得所述第二条带以粘结方式固定到所述至少一块矿物纤维板坯。
该方法是有利的，因为其组织起来方便且简单，并且适合于在需要由面板制成的诸如难民避难所之类的避难所的临时通知的情况下就地将产品竖立起来。
该方法优选地还包括提供对应(counter)成型件的步骤，该对应成型件的曲度形状相对于面板成型件的预定曲度一致地成形，并且将所述对应成型件倚靠面板的最内表面定位，并且将对应成型件潜在地相对于面板成型件偏置以在粘结剂固化的同时将第一和第二条带以及所述板坯夹住。
在第一实施方式中，面板成型件是具有预定的凹入曲度的负向成型件。替代性地，面板成型件可以是具有预定的凸起曲度的正向成型件。
附图说明
下面参照附图对本发明进行更详细地描述，其中：
图1是由根据本发明一实施方式的面板形成的避难所的示意性透视图；
图2是位于避难所建筑结构中的根据本发明的面板的示意性侧视图；
图3是所述面板的示意性前视图；
图4是面板的示意性透视图；以及
图5是由这里根据本发明的面板形成的产品的示意性侧视图。
具体实施方式
参见图1，示出了一种临时建筑结构(比如避难所)的一实施方式。在示出的示例中，避难所是由四块面板1制成，其中每块面板1被形成为半壳，使得可以提供两块面板1形成一弧形，并且在图1中示出的示例中，面板1的两个弧形被提供为彼此邻接以形成建筑结构。面板1在顶部在顶部轮廓件5处组装，比如图1和2中示出的I形轮廓。在地面处，面板1由地面保持轮廓6来支撑和保持，该地面保持轮廓6可以被提供作为避难所的底部框架6’的一部分。
参见图2、3和4，其中示出了单个面板1，显示出面板1是具有曲度(curvature)的大体矩形形状，使得面板具有凸起的外表面10和凹入的内表面11并具有一组侧边区域1’和一组端边区域1”。
如图1和图2-4中所示，面板1在面板1的外表面(即凸起侧)上提供有第一组金属条带3，并且在内侧(即凹入侧)上提供有第二组金属条带4。在附图中，在每块面板1的外表面和内表面上设置三条金属条带3、4，然而，可以意识到的是该数量可以根据面板1的尺寸而变化。
比如每侧上三条的金属条带3、4是由薄钢片制成的，并且具有例如0.7×20×3000mm的尺寸。优选地对金属条带镀锌以确保它们能够抗腐蚀。相应地，面板可以具有3000×600mm的尺寸。
得到的面板1是由矿物棉纤维板坯2(见图4)或者多块板坯2’、2”、2’”(图2中是两块，图3和5中是三块板坯)制成的。在第一组金属条带3定位在成型件部件7中并且粘结剂施加到金属条带3的面向板坯2的那侧之后，板坯2(或板坯2’、2”、2’”)定位并成型在负向成型件部件7(见图5)中。
然后第二组金属条带4以粘结方式施加在板坯2(或板坯2’、2”、2’”)的凹入表面上，然后可以提供正向的第二成型件部件8以确保在粘结剂固化期间面板1保持弯曲形状。所用的粘结剂可以是适合于粘结矿物棉纤维材料的任何类型的胶水，比如聚氨酯胶水或泡沫，例如
Figure GDA0004066267880000051
-T2i(这是一种单组份聚氨酯胶水)、Casco Nobel Superfix 3890、PUConstruction-&Precision Foam 594(丹那利姆(Danalim))、Construction Extra 292(丹那利姆(Danalim))或者其他合适的建筑胶水或泡沫。
成型件部件7、8被提供有预定的曲度，其实质上被成型为半壳，使得可以提供两块面板形成弧，并且许多面板以类似方式彼此邻接地竖立起来以形成包括多块面板的避难所形式的建筑结构(如图1中所示)。
成型件部件7、8中的一个可以在另一侧上包括相反的成型件部件，以使得能够进行面板的堆叠。这可以节省制造场所的地板空间，这在使用需要充分干燥或固化时间的胶水时尤其重要。
板坯2是由矿物棉纤维材料制成的，优选为石棉。这确保了用于避难所结构的隔热面板以及良好的阻燃性能。层的密度优选地在70-180kg/m3的范围内，优选大约90kg/m3。藉此，实现了面板的足够的强度和刚度同时保持低的面板重量。为了确保相对低的重量同时还确保可接受的隔热性能，矿物棉纤维板坯的厚度优选为25-50mm，但是可以高达100mm。
当将面板1以弧状结构组装在避难所中时，面板1在其内侧上将承受压力并且潜在地甚至在其外表面上承受拉力。在承受这些力时金属条带3、4确保了面板1形状的稳定性。
制造面板1的方法包括以下步骤：将第一金属条带放置在上具有粘结剂的面板成型件中，以及将构成第一层1的板坯放置在具有预定凹入曲度的负向成型件部件7中。此后，将第二金属条带以粘结方式提供在面板成型件中，使得所述第二金属条带以粘结方式固定到至少一块矿物纤维板坯。
然后可以将具有凸起形状的正向的对应成型件部件8抵靠面板的凹入的最内表面11定位，其中所述凸起形状与负向成型件部件7的预定凹入内曲度一致地成形，并且潜在地将对应成型件部件8向负向成型件部件7偏压以在粘结剂固化的同时以所述形状将第一金属条带3和第二金属条带4夹向板坯2。
上面参照一些当前优选的实施方式对本发明进行了描述。然而，通过本发明可以意识到在不脱离如在所附的权利要求中限定的本发明的范围的前提下可以对这些实施方式作出变型，例如，条带在上面指的是金属条带，但是可以由手边的其他合适的材料制成，比如塑料、木材等。

Claims (13)

1.一种具有预定曲度的用于建筑结构的面板，所述面板具有带有曲度的矩形形状，使得该面板具有凸起的外表面和凹入的内表面并且具有一组侧边区域和一组端边区域，
其特征在于：
所述面板包括连续设置的多块矿物棉纤维板坯，所述板坯具有粘结到所述外表面的多条第一条带和粘结到所述内表面的多条第二条带，其中每条条带跨越在连续设置的所述多块矿物棉纤维板坯中的所有矿物棉纤维板坯，并且其中所述矿物棉纤维板坯的密度在70-180kg/m3的范围内。
2.根据权利要求1所述的面板，其中所述矿物棉纤维板坯具有90kg/m3的密度。
3.根据权利要求1所述的面板，其中所述第一条带和所述第二条带彼此平行地分别布置在所述凸起的外表面和所述凹入的内表面上。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的面板，其中所述条带在所述内表面和所述外表面上在所述端边区域的端边缘之间延伸。
5.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的面板，其中所述条带是金属条带。
6.根据权利要求5所述的面板，其中所述条带由薄钢片制成。
7.根据权利要求5所述的面板，其中所述条带被镀锌。
8.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的面板，其中所述面板设有预定曲度，其实质上是所述建筑结构的一半跨度。
9.一种包括多块根据权利要求1-8中任一项所述的面板的建筑结构。
10.一种制造根据权利要求1-8中任一项所述的用于建筑结构的面板的方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：
提供具有预定曲度的面板成型件，以及
将一条或多条第一条带放置在所述面板成型件中，以及然后
通过将多块矿物棉纤维板坯连续地放置在面板成型件中而将所述多块矿物棉纤维板坯以粘结方式固定到所述第一条带，以及然后
在所述多块矿物棉纤维板坯的所述内表面上提供一层粘结剂，以及然后将一条或多条第二条带放置在所述面板成型件中，使得所述第二条带以粘结方式固定到所述多块矿物棉纤维板坯，
其中所述第一条带和所述第二条带中的每条跨越在连续设置的所述多块矿物棉纤维板坯中的所有矿物棉纤维板坯。
11.根据权利要求10所述的方法，还包括：提供对应成型件，该对应成型件的曲度形状相对于所述面板成型件的预定曲度一致地成形；以及将所述对应成型件倚靠所述面板的最内表面定位，并且潜在地将所述对应成型件向所述面板成型件偏压以在粘结剂固化的同时将所述第一条带和所述第二条带夹向至少一块矿物棉纤维板坯。
12.根据权利要求10或11所述的方法，其中所述面板成型件是具有预定的凹入曲度的负向成型件。
13.根据权利要求10或11所述的方法，其中所述面板成型件是具有预定的凸起曲度的正向成型件。
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