CN111628672A - Bidirectional AC/DC converter - Google Patents
Bidirectional AC/DC converter Download PDFInfo
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- CN111628672A CN111628672A CN202010443937.1A CN202010443937A CN111628672A CN 111628672 A CN111628672 A CN 111628672A CN 202010443937 A CN202010443937 A CN 202010443937A CN 111628672 A CN111628672 A CN 111628672A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/66—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal
- H02M7/68—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/72—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/79—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/797—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
- H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
- H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
- H02J3/322—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means the battery being on-board an electric or hybrid vehicle, e.g. vehicle to grid arrangements [V2G], power aggregation, use of the battery for network load balancing, coordinated or cooperative battery charging
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/14—Arrangements for reducing ripples from dc input or output
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0048—Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses
- H02M1/0054—Transistor switching losses
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Inverter Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a bidirectional AC/DC converter, which comprises an A-phase bridge circuit, a B-phase bridge circuit and a C-phase bridge circuit, wherein the A-phase bridge circuit, the B-phase bridge circuit and the C-phase bridge circuit are respectively connected with a three-phase power grid; the output ends of the A-phase bridge circuit, the B-phase bridge circuit and the C-phase bridge circuit are connected with a direct current bus; the A-phase bridge circuit, the B-phase bridge circuit and the C-phase bridge circuit realize bidirectional energy flow by sequentially controlling the on and off of the power tube. The bidirectional AC/DC converter adopts a three-level topological structure, so that the efficiency is high, and larger power can be provided; the insulated gate bipolar transistor is half of two levels in the prior art, has small switching loss, is favorable for improving the switching frequency and reducing the output filter inductance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of smart power grids, and particularly relates to a bidirectional AC/DC converter.
Background
In an alternating-current micro-grid system, new energy power generation such as photovoltaic power generation and wind power generation is greatly fluctuated under the influence of natural conditions, a power grid does not have the function of storing energy, so that an energy storage device is needed to maintain the power balance and stability of the system, and a storage battery is widely applied to the micro-grid system due to the fact that the storage energy of the storage battery is large, and the storage battery is convenient to install and has a cost advantage. The storage battery is directly connected with the microgrid through an interface converter, and the storage battery discharges to provide energy for the load in the power consumption peak period; during the valley period, the storage battery is charged and stores surplus energy, so that an interface converter connecting the storage battery and the power grid must be capable of realizing bidirectional energy flow. In recent years, with the development of micro-grid and electric vehicle technologies, bidirectional AC/DC converters have attracted much attention.
However, in the application of low-voltage motor driving and grid-connected driving, the conventional two-level bidirectional AC/DC converter usually has three-phase voltage effective values of 200V-230V, 380V-460V, 575V-690V, and the two-level IGBT voltage levels corresponding to these voltage ranges are 600V, 1200V, 1700V, respectively. And the voltage ranges correspond to three-level IGBT voltage grades of 300V, 600V and 850V. Therefore, taking 1200V two-level IGBT and 600V three-level IGBT for comparison under the same conditions, since the two-level bidirectional AC/DC converter employs high-voltage class IGBT and diode, and since the high-voltage IGBT saturation voltage drop is high, the switching loss dominant to the two-level bidirectional AC/DC converter is significantly higher than that of the three-level bidirectional AC/DC converter even at low switching frequency. And the three-level bidirectional AC/DC converter adopts an IGBT (insulated gate bipolar translator) manufacturing method with half rated voltage, so that the switching loss of the converter is reduced. Therefore, the three-level converter can work at a higher switching frequency, and higher efficiency is obtained. The traditional two-level bidirectional AC/DC converter has low switching frequency, large output filter inductance and capacitance, high cost and large harmonic interference on a power grid, and is not beneficial to modular design. In addition, since the conventional two-level bidirectional AC/DC converter has low efficiency, heat generation is more serious, and the reliability of the converter is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a bidirectional AC/DC converter that solves the problems mentioned in the background.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
a bidirectional AC/DC converter is characterized by comprising an A-phase bridge circuit, a B-phase bridge circuit and a C-phase bridge circuit which are respectively connected with a three-phase power grid, wherein an A-phase filter, a B-phase filter and a C-phase filter are respectively connected between the A-phase bridge circuit, the B-phase bridge circuit and the C-phase bridge circuit and the three-phase power grid; the output ends of the A-phase bridge circuit, the B-phase bridge circuit and the C-phase bridge circuit are connected to a direct current bus and output through the direct current bus; the output ends of the A-phase bridge circuit, the B-phase bridge circuit and the C-phase bridge circuit are connected with a first direct-current side filter and a second direct-current side filter in series; the A-phase bridge circuit, the B-phase bridge circuit and the C-phase bridge circuit realize bidirectional energy flow by sequentially controlling the on and off of the power tube.
Further, the a-phase bridge circuit comprises an insulated gate bipolar transistor Sa1, an insulated gate bipolar transistor Sa2, an insulated gate bipolar transistor Sa3, an insulated gate bipolar transistor Sa4, a diode Da1 and a diode Da2, wherein a collector of the insulated gate bipolar transistor Sa1 is connected with a positive electrode of the dc bus, an emitter of the insulated gate bipolar transistor Sa1, a collector of the insulated gate bipolar transistor Sa2 and a negative electrode of the diode Da1 are respectively connected with the node Na1, an emitter of the insulated gate bipolar transistor Sa2, a collector of the insulated gate bipolar transistor Sa3 and one end of the a-phase filter are respectively connected with the node Na2, an emitter of the insulated gate bipolar transistor Sa3, a collector of the insulated gate bipolar transistor Sa4 and a positive electrode of the diode Da2 are respectively connected with the node Na3, and an emitter of the insulated gate bipolar transistor Sa4 is connected with a negative electrode of the dc bus; one end of the first direct current side filter, one end of the second direct current side filter, the anode of the diode Da1 and the cathode of the diode Da2 are connected with the node N respectively, the other end of the first direct current side filter is connected with the anode of the direct current bus, and the other end of the second direct current side filter is connected with the cathode of the direct current bus.
Further, the B-phase bridge circuit includes an insulated gate bipolar transistor Sb1, an insulated gate bipolar transistor Sb2, an insulated gate bipolar transistor Sb3, an insulated gate bipolar transistor Sb4, a diode Db1, and a diode Db2, wherein a collector of the insulated gate bipolar transistor Sb1 is connected to a positive electrode of the dc bus, an emitter of the insulated gate bipolar transistor Sb1, a collector of the insulated gate bipolar transistor Sb2, and a negative electrode of the diode Db1 are connected to the node Nb1, an emitter of the insulated gate bipolar transistor Sb2, a collector of the insulated gate bipolar transistor Sb3, and one end of the B-phase filter are connected to the node Nb2, an emitter of the insulated gate bipolar transistor Sb3, a collector of the insulated gate bipolar transistor Sb4, and a positive electrode of the diode Db2 are connected to the node Nb3, and an emitter of the insulated gate bipolar transistor Sb4 is connected to a negative electrode of the dc bus; the anode of the diode Db1 and the cathode of the diode Db2 are connected to the node N, respectively.
Further, the C-phase bridge circuit includes an insulated-gate bipolar transistor Sc1, an insulated-gate bipolar transistor Sc2, an insulated-gate bipolar transistor Sc3, an insulated-gate bipolar transistor Sc4, a diode Dc1, and a diode Dc2, wherein a collector of the insulated-gate bipolar transistor Sc1 is connected to a positive electrode of the Dc bus bar, an emitter of the insulated-gate bipolar transistor Sc1, a collector of the insulated-gate bipolar transistor Sc2, and a negative electrode of the diode Dc1 are connected to the node Nc1, an emitter of the insulated-gate bipolar transistor Sc2, a collector of the insulated-gate bipolar transistor Sc3, and one end of the C-phase filter are connected to the node Nc2, an emitter of the insulated-gate bipolar transistor Sc3, a collector of the insulated-gate bipolar transistor Sc4, and a positive electrode of the diode Dc2 are connected to the node Nc3, and an emitter of the insulated-gate bipolar transistor Sc4 is connected to a negative electrode of the Dc bus bar; the anode of the diode Dc1 and the cathode of the diode Dc2 are connected to the node N, respectively.
Furthermore, the A-phase filter comprises an inductor La1, an inductor La2 and a capacitor Ca1, one end of the inductor La1, one end of the inductor La2 and one end of the capacitor Ca1 are respectively connected with a node Na4, the other end of the inductor La1 is connected with a capacitor node Na2, the other end of the inductor La2 is connected with an A-phase voltage end of a three-phase power grid, and the other end of the capacitor Ca1 is connected with a node N.
Furthermore, the B-phase filter comprises an inductor Lb1, an inductor Lb2 and a capacitor Cb1, one end of the inductor Lb1, one end of the inductor Lb2 and one end of the capacitor Cb1 are respectively connected with a node Nb4, the other end of the inductor Lb1 is connected with a capacitor node Nb2, the other end of the inductor Lb2 is connected with a B-phase voltage end of a three-phase power grid, and the other end of the capacitor Cb1 is connected with a node N.
Further, the C-phase filter includes an inductor Lc1, an inductor Lc2 and a capacitor Cc1, one end of the inductor Lc1, one end of the inductor Lc2 and one end of the capacitor Cc1 are respectively connected to the node Nc4, the other end of the inductor Lc1 is connected to the capacitor node Nc2, the other end of the inductor Lc2 is connected to a C-phase voltage end of the three-phase power grid, and the other end of the capacitor Cc1 is connected to the node N.
Further, the first direct current side filter comprises a capacitor C1, the second direct current side filter comprises a capacitor C2, one end of the capacitor C1 is connected with the node N, and the other end of the capacitor C1 is connected with the positive electrode of the direct current bus; one end of the capacitor C2 is connected with the node N, and the other end is connected with the negative electrode of the direct current bus.
Further, the first dc-side filter includes a capacitor C1 and an inductor L1, and the second dc-side filter includes a capacitor C2 and an inductor L2; after the capacitor C1 and the inductor L1 are connected in series, one end of the capacitor C1 is connected with the node N, and the other end of the capacitor C1 is connected with the anode of the direct current bus; after the capacitor C2 and the inductor L2 are connected in series, one end of the capacitor C2 is connected with the node N, and the other end of the capacitor C2 is connected with the negative electrode of the direct current bus.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: the bidirectional AC/DC converter adopts a three-level topological structure, so that the efficiency is high, and larger power can be provided; the insulated gate bipolar transistor is half of two levels in the prior art, has small switching loss, is favorable for improving the switching frequency and reducing the output filter inductance.
According to the invention, the three-level topological structure of the AC/DC converter increases zero-level conversion step voltage, the output current is closer to a sine wave, the harmonic content is less, and the power grid friendliness is high.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a bidirectional AC/DC converter according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of the bidirectional AC/DC converter of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the embodiment of the invention discloses a bidirectional AC/DC converter, which comprises an a-phase bridge circuit, a B-phase bridge circuit and a C-phase bridge circuit, wherein the a-phase bridge circuit, the B-phase bridge circuit and the C-phase bridge circuit are respectively connected with a three-phase power grid; the output ends of the A-phase bridge circuit, the B-phase bridge circuit and the C-phase bridge circuit are connected to a direct current bus and output through the direct current bus; the A-phase bridge circuit, the B-phase bridge circuit and the C-phase bridge circuit realize bidirectional energy flow by sequentially controlling the on and off of the power tube. Specifically, as shown in fig. 2:
the A-phase bridge circuit comprises an insulated gate bipolar transistor Sa1, an insulated gate bipolar transistor Sa2, an insulated gate bipolar transistor Sa3, an insulated gate bipolar transistor Sa4, a diode Da1 and a diode Da2, wherein a collector of the insulated gate bipolar transistor Sa1 is connected with a positive electrode of a direct current bus, an emitter of the insulated gate bipolar transistor Sa1, a collector of the insulated gate bipolar transistor Sa2 and a negative electrode of the diode Da1 are respectively connected with a node Na1, an emitter of the insulated gate bipolar transistor Sa2, a collector of the insulated gate bipolar transistor Sa3 and one end of an A-phase filter are respectively connected with a node Na2, an emitter of the insulated gate bipolar transistor Sa3, a collector of the insulated gate bipolar transistor Sa4 and a positive electrode of the diode Da2 are respectively connected with a node Na3, and an emitter of the insulated gate bipolar transistor Sa4 is connected with a; one end of the first direct current side filter, one end of the second direct current side filter, the anode of the diode Da1 and the cathode of the diode Da2 are connected with the node N respectively, the other end of the first direct current side filter is connected with the anode of the direct current bus, and the other end of the second direct current side filter is connected with the cathode of the direct current bus.
The B-phase bridge circuit includes an insulated gate bipolar transistor Sb1, an insulated gate bipolar transistor Sb2, an insulated gate bipolar transistor Sb3, an insulated gate bipolar transistor Sb4, a diode Db1, and a diode Db2, wherein a collector of the insulated gate bipolar transistor Sb1 is connected to a positive electrode of the dc bus, an emitter of the insulated gate bipolar transistor Sb1, a collector of the insulated gate bipolar transistor Sb2, and a negative electrode of the diode Db1 are connected to the node Nb1, respectively, an emitter of the insulated gate bipolar transistor Sb2, a collector of the insulated gate bipolar transistor Sb3, and one end of the B-phase filter are connected to the node Nb2, an emitter of the insulated gate bipolar transistor Sb3, a collector of the insulated gate bipolar transistor Sb4, and a positive electrode of the diode Db2 are connected to the node Nb3, respectively, and an emitter of the insulated gate bipolar transistor Sb4 is connected to a negative electrode of the dc bus; the anode of the diode Db1 and the cathode of the diode Db2 are connected to the node N, respectively.
The C-phase bridge circuit includes an insulated-gate bipolar transistor Sc1, an insulated-gate bipolar transistor Sc2, an insulated-gate bipolar transistor Sc3, an insulated-gate bipolar transistor Sc4, a diode Dc1, and a diode Dc2, wherein a collector of the insulated-gate bipolar transistor Sc1 is connected to a positive electrode of the Dc bus bar, an emitter of the insulated-gate bipolar transistor Sc1, a collector of the insulated-gate bipolar transistor Sc2, and a negative electrode of the diode Dc1 are connected to the node Nc1, respectively, an emitter of the insulated-gate bipolar transistor Sc2, a collector of the insulated-gate bipolar transistor Sc3, and one end of the C-phase filter are connected to the node Nc2, an emitter of the insulated-gate bipolar transistor Sc3, a collector of the insulated-gate bipolar transistor Sc4, and a positive electrode of the diode Dc2 are connected to the node Nc3, and an emitter of the insulated-gate bipolar transistor Sc4 is connected to a negative electrode of the; the anode of the diode Dc1 and the cathode of the diode Dc2 are connected to the node N, respectively.
The A-phase filter, the B-phase filter and the C-phase filter have the same structure and are T-type filters, the A-phase filter specifically comprises an inductor La1, an inductor La2 and a capacitor Ca1, one end of the inductor La1, one end of the inductor La2 and one end of the capacitor Ca1 are respectively connected with a node Na4, the other end of the inductor La1 is connected with a capacitor node Na2, the other end of the inductor La2 is connected with an A-phase voltage end of a three-phase power grid, and the other end of the capacitor Ca1 is connected with a node N.
The B-phase filter comprises an inductor Lb1, an inductor Lb2 and a capacitor Cb1, one end of the inductor Lb1, one end of the inductor Lb2 and one end of the capacitor Cb1 are respectively connected with a node Nb4, the other end of the inductor Lb1 is connected with a capacitor node Nb2, the other end of the inductor Lb2 is connected with a B-phase voltage end of a three-phase power grid, and the other end of the capacitor Cb1 is connected with a node N.
The C-phase filter comprises an inductor Lc1, an inductor Lc2 and a capacitor Cc1, one end of the inductor Lc1, one end of the inductor Lc2 and one end of the capacitor Cc1 are respectively connected with a node Nc4, the other end of the inductor Lc1 is connected with a capacitor node Nc2, the other end of the inductor Lc2 is connected with a C-phase voltage end of a three-phase power grid, and the other end of the capacitor Cc1 is connected with a node N.
The A-phase filter, the B-phase filter and the C-phase filter smoothly filter the grid-connected inversion output high-frequency pulse flow to be close to a power grid sine wave so as to facilitate grid-connected inversion output power; when the power is rectified and output, the power factor correction function is performed (the voltage and the current of the power grid are kept in the same phase, and the pollution to the power grid is avoided).
The bidirectional AC/DC converter further comprises a first DC side filter and a second DC side filter arranged at the output ends of the A-phase bridge circuit, the B-phase bridge circuit and the C-phase bridge circuit, and the specific components are
The first direct current side filter comprises a capacitor C1, the second direct current side filter comprises a capacitor C2, one end of the capacitor C1 is connected with the node N, and the other end of the capacitor C1 is connected with the positive electrode of the direct current bus; one end of the capacitor C2 is connected with the node N, and the other end is connected with the negative electrode of the direct current bus.
When the alternating current positive half-wave rectification is output, the first direct current side filter is used for filtering high-frequency pulses to enable the direct current side output voltage to be kept stable; meanwhile, when the alternating current negative half-wave rectification is output, the second direct current side filter is in effect. When the positive half-wave of contravariant is exported, first direct current side filter acts as the steady voltage source effect, and in the same way, when the negative half-wave of contravariant is exported, second direct current side filter acts as the steady voltage source effect.
The working principle is as follows: taking the a-phase voltage as an example, the three-level bidirectional AC/DC converter is an a-phase bridge circuit composed of four insulated gate bipolar transistors Sa1, Sa2, Sa3 and Sa4 and two diodes Da1 and Da2, and the DC link is composed of two capacitors C1 and C2 connected at a converter node N. The diodes Da1 and Da2 are clamping diodes, the clamping diodes Da1 and Da2 are used for clamping the voltage of the connection point of the inner switching tube and the outer switching tube to be at the midpoint voltage, and the voltages of the capacitors C1 and C2 are basically equal, so that the three-level bidirectional AC/DC converter can use the voltage of a single capacitor on the direct current conversion side as the conversion amplitude, namely half of the voltage of a positive bus and a negative bus.
In another embodiment, the first dc-side filter comprises a capacitor C1 and an inductor L1, and the second dc-side filter comprises a capacitor C2 and an inductor L2; after the capacitor C1 and the inductor L1 are connected in series, one end of the capacitor C1 is connected with the node N, and the other end of the capacitor C1 is connected with the anode of the direct current bus; after the capacitor C2 and the inductor L2 are connected in series, one end of the capacitor C2 is connected with the node N, and the other end of the capacitor C2 is connected with the negative electrode of the direct current bus; the first direct current side filter and the second direct current side filter form LC filtering, so that the filtering effect is better.
In the above embodiment, the point N is connected to the neutral line.
When the gate driving signal triggers the four insulated gate bipolar transistors of any bridge circuit of the three-level bidirectional AC/DC converter to be conducted, the four IGBT transistors of the same phase bridge circuit will short-circuit the direct current side, so that each phase bridge circuit has three effective and different switching states, and the phase A bridge circuit is taken as an example for explanation:
(1) sa 1-Sa 2-1, Sa 3-Sa 4-0, that is, Sa1, Sa2 is on, Sa3, Sa4 is off, and the output voltage is + VDC/2;
(2) sa1 is 0, Sa2 is 1, Sa3 is 1, that is, Sa1, Sa4 is on, Sa2, Sa3 is off, and the output voltage is 0;
(3) sa 1-Sa 2-0, Sa 3-Sa 4-1, that is, Sa1, Sa2 off, Sa3, Sa4 on, and the output voltage is-VDC/2;
it can be seen that the conduction path changes according to the direction of the current, while the phase voltage is not affected.
The bidirectional AC/DC converter adopts a three-level topology structure, so that the efficiency is high, the switching tube Sa2 is in an on state, the Sa4 is in an off state, and the Sa1 and the Sa3 are subjected to complementary wave generation (namely when the Sa1 is on, the Sa3 is ensured to be off, and vice versa) in the positive half period of the output voltage. During the negative half period of the output voltage, the switching tube Sa1 is in the off state, Sa3 is in the on state, and Sa2 and Sa4 are complementarily pulsed. Therefore, two insulated gate bipolar transistors are always in an on state and an off state in the whole period of the output voltage of the converter, so that the loss of the switching tube is reduced, and larger power can be provided.
According to principle description, the insulated gate bipolar transistors Sa1, Sa2, Sa3 and Sa4 in the three-level bidirectional AC/DC converter are connected in series to share the direct-current bus voltage, and the bus voltage is shared by two conventional two-level insulated gate bipolar transistors in series, so that the voltage of each insulated gate bipolar transistor in the three-level bidirectional AC/DC converter is half of the voltage of each conventional two-level insulated gate bipolar transistor, the switching loss is small, the switching frequency is improved, and the output filter inductance is reduced.
In addition, the traditional two-level bidirectional AC/DC converter outputs square waves with + VDC/2 and-VDC/2 voltage amplitudes from the middle points of two bridge arms of series insulated gate bipolar transistors; in order to invert the standard sine wave voltage, an LC filter is needed. In the three-level topological structure of the AC/DC converter, the mid-points of four bridge arms of the series transistors output + VDC/2, -VDC/2 and square waves with the voltage amplitude of 0; therefore, zero level conversion step voltage is increased, under the same filtering parameters, the output current is closer to a sine wave, the harmonic content is less, the power grid friendliness is high, the direct-current bus ripple wave is reduced, the stability is better, and the current quality of battery charging and discharging is further improved.
In conclusion, the bidirectional AC/DC converter adopts an advanced three-level topology, the voltage resistance of the IGBT is half of that of the traditional two levels, the switching loss is small, the switching frequency is favorably improved, and the output filter inductance is reduced.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (9)
1. A bidirectional AC/DC converter is characterized by comprising an A-phase bridge circuit, a B-phase bridge circuit and a C-phase bridge circuit which are respectively connected with a three-phase power grid, wherein an A-phase filter, a B-phase filter and a C-phase filter are respectively connected between the A-phase bridge circuit, the B-phase bridge circuit and the C-phase bridge circuit and the three-phase power grid; the output ends of the A-phase bridge circuit, the B-phase bridge circuit and the C-phase bridge circuit are connected to a direct current bus and output through the direct current bus; the output ends of the A-phase bridge circuit, the B-phase bridge circuit and the C-phase bridge circuit are connected with a first direct-current side filter and a second direct-current side filter in series; the A-phase bridge circuit, the B-phase bridge circuit and the C-phase bridge circuit realize bidirectional energy flow by sequentially controlling the on and off of the power tube.
2. The AC/DC converter according to claim 1, wherein the A-phase bridge circuit comprises an insulated gate bipolar transistor Sa1, an insulated gate bipolar transistor Sa2, an insulated gate bipolar transistor Sa3, an insulated gate bipolar transistor Sa4, a diode Da1 and a diode Da2, wherein a collector of the insulated gate bipolar transistor Sa1 is connected with an anode of the DC bus, an emitter of the insulated gate bipolar transistor Sa1 and a collector of the insulated gate bipolar transistor Sa2, the cathode of the diode Da1 is connected with the node Na1, the emitter of the insulated gate bipolar transistor Sa2, the collector of the insulated gate bipolar transistor Sa3 and one end of the A-phase filter are connected with the node Na2, the emitter of the insulated gate bipolar transistor Sa3, the collector of the insulated gate bipolar transistor Sa4 and the anode of the diode Da2 are connected with the node Na3, and the emitter of the insulated gate bipolar transistor Sa4 is connected with the cathode of the direct-current bus; one end of the first direct current side filter, one end of the second direct current side filter, the anode of the diode Da1 and the cathode of the diode Da2 are connected with the node N respectively, the other end of the first direct current side filter is connected with the anode of the direct current bus, and the other end of the second direct current side filter is connected with the cathode of the direct current bus.
3. The AC/DC converter according to claim 2, wherein the B-phase bridge circuit comprises an insulated gate bipolar transistor Sb1, an insulated gate bipolar transistor Sb2, an insulated gate bipolar transistor Sb3, an insulated gate bipolar transistor Sb4, a diode Db1, and a diode Db2, wherein a collector of the insulated gate bipolar transistor Sb1 is connected to an anode of the DC bus, an emitter of the insulated gate bipolar transistor Sb1, a collector of the insulated gate bipolar transistor Sb2, the cathode of the diode Db1 is connected to the node Nb1, the emitter of the insulated gate bipolar transistor Sb2, the collector of the insulated gate bipolar transistor Sb3, and one end of the B-phase filter are connected to the node Nb2, the emitter of the insulated gate bipolar transistor Sb3, the collector of the insulated gate bipolar transistor Sb4, and the anode of the diode Db2 are connected to the node Nb3, and the emitter of the insulated gate bipolar transistor Sb4 is connected to the cathode of the dc bus; the anode of the diode Db1 and the cathode of the diode Db2 are connected to the node N, respectively.
4. The AC/DC converter according to claim 3, wherein the C-phase bridge circuit includes an insulated-gate bipolar transistor Sc1, an insulated-gate bipolar transistor Sc2, an insulated-gate bipolar transistor Sc3, an insulated-gate bipolar transistor Sc4, a diode Dc1, and a diode Dc2, a collector of the insulated-gate bipolar transistor Sc1 is connected to the positive pole of the DC bus, an emitter of the insulated-gate bipolar transistor Sc1, a collector of the insulated-gate bipolar transistor Sc2, the cathode of the diode Dc1 is connected to the node Nc1, the emitter of the insulated-gate bipolar transistor Sc2, the collector of the insulated-gate bipolar transistor Sc3, and one end of the C-phase filter are connected to the node Nc2, the emitter of the insulated-gate bipolar transistor Sc3, the collector of the insulated-gate bipolar transistor Sc4, and the anode of the diode Dc2 are connected to the node Nc3, and the emitter of the insulated-gate bipolar transistor Sc4 is connected to the cathode of the Dc bus; the anode of the diode Dc1 and the cathode of the diode Dc2 are connected to the node N, respectively.
5. The AC/DC converter according to claim 4, wherein the A-phase filter comprises an inductor La1, an inductor La2 and a capacitor Ca1, one end of the inductor La1, one end of the inductor La2 and one end of the capacitor Ca1 are respectively connected with a node Na4, the other end of the inductor La1 is connected with a capacitor node Na2, the other end of the inductor La2 is connected with an A-phase voltage end of a three-phase power grid, and the other end of the capacitor Ca1 is connected with a node N.
6. The AC/DC converter as claimed in claim 4, wherein the B-phase filter comprises an inductor Lb1, an inductor Lb2 and a capacitor Cb1, one end of the inductor Lb1, one end of the inductor Lb2 and one end of the capacitor Cb1 are respectively connected with a node Nb4, the other end of the inductor Lb1 is connected with a capacitor node Nb2, the other end of the inductor Lb2 is connected with a B-phase voltage end of a three-phase power grid, and the other end of the capacitor Cb1 is connected with a node N.
7. The AC/DC converter according to claim 4, wherein the C-phase filter comprises an inductor Lc1, an inductor Lc2 and a capacitor Cc1, one end of the inductor Lc1, one end of the inductor Lc2 and one end of the capacitor Cc1 are respectively connected with a node Nc4, the other end of the inductor Lc1 is connected with a capacitor node Nc2, the other end of the inductor Lc2 is connected with a C-phase voltage end of a three-phase power grid, and the other end of the capacitor Cc1 is connected with a node N.
8. The AC/DC converter of claim 1, wherein the first DC-side filter comprises a capacitor C1, the second DC-side filter comprises a capacitor C2, one end of the capacitor C1 is connected to the node N, and the other end is connected to the positive terminal of the DC bus; one end of the capacitor C2 is connected with the node N, and the other end is connected with the negative electrode of the direct current bus.
9. The AC/DC converter of claim 1 wherein the first DC-side filter comprises a capacitor C1 and an inductor L1, and the second DC-side filter comprises a capacitor C2 and an inductor L2; after the capacitor C1 and the inductor L1 are connected in series, one end of the capacitor C1 is connected with the node N, and the other end of the capacitor C1 is connected with the anode of the direct current bus; after the capacitor C2 and the inductor L2 are connected in series, one end of the capacitor C2 is connected with the node N, and the other end of the capacitor C2 is connected with the negative electrode of the direct current bus.
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