CN111628179B - Electrode material, preparation method thereof and sodium-air battery containing electrode material - Google Patents

Electrode material, preparation method thereof and sodium-air battery containing electrode material Download PDF

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CN111628179B
CN111628179B CN202010518080.5A CN202010518080A CN111628179B CN 111628179 B CN111628179 B CN 111628179B CN 202010518080 A CN202010518080 A CN 202010518080A CN 111628179 B CN111628179 B CN 111628179B
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electrode material
sodium
cobalt
platinum
cov
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CN111628179A (en
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许冠南
康瑶
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University of Macau
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/8647—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells consisting of more than one material, e.g. consisting of composites
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y40/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M12/00—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M12/08—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of a fuel-cell type and a half-cell of the secondary-cell type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
    • H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
    • H01M4/925—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
    • H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Abstract

The invention discloses an electrode material which is characterized by comprising a conductive matrix, a conductive metal oxide layer and a metal oxide layer, wherein the conductive matrix is of a defect CoV hydrotalcite structure; and metal platinum particles covering at least one surface of the conductive substrate. The battery prepared by the electrode material has higher discharge voltage, specific discharge capacity and output power density. Meanwhile, the battery shows better stability.

Description

Electrode material, preparation method thereof and sodium-air battery containing electrode material
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to an electrode material, design and manufacture of a battery, and more particularly, to an electrode material, a preparation method thereof, and a sodium-air battery comprising the same.
Background
With the rapid development of the automobile industry, the energy crisis and air pollution become major problems restricting sustainable development of our country and the global economy, in order to improve competitiveness of the automobile industry, guarantee energy safety and develop low-carbon economy, the new energy automobile industrialization has become strategic consensus of the international automobile industry and major strategic demand of the scientific and technological development of our country, although the power and energy storage system of the current new energy automobile mainly uses lithium ion batteries, the power and energy storage system has high initial acquisition cost, long charging time (3-4 hours), low specific energy density (150 + 200 watt-hour/kilogram), short endurance mileage of the electric automobile, few charging equipment facilities, and low market acceptance due to the existence of commercial bottlenecks such as potential safety hazards. Therefore, developing a high-energy-density battery system suitable for electric vehicles is an urgent task for researchers in China.
Metal-air batteries are currently a hot research point because they have an energy density 3 to 10 times higher than that of commercial lithium ion batteries, and are promising energy storage devices that can be compared with petroleum in the power system of new energy vehicles. Among them, lithium-air batteries are widely noticed due to their high energy density, but since the global storage of metal lithium resources is limited, the large-scale application of lithium-air batteries will bring about a cost problem. In addition, lithium-air batteries have a higher overpotential than sodium-air batteries, resulting in lower energy efficiency. While lithium-air batteries are theoretically more energy dense, sodium-air batteries have achieved higher practical energy densities than lithium-air batteries in experiments. In a word, the sodium-air battery has the advantages of high energy efficiency (lower overpotential), good cycle performance (better stability of sodium superoxide) and lower price (rich reserve of sodium element), and has great potential to be applied to electric vehicles. The development of research related to the application of sodium-air batteries is of great significance to solving the energy crisis and environmental pollution.
However, the current sodium-air battery has a general challenge that the catalytic efficiency and stability of the air electrode are not good. Firstly, the existing catalyst is mainly a one-way catalyst and cannot meet the energy efficiency of the battery in the charging and discharging processes; second, the catalyst is not stable enough, and most of the oxides and carbon materials are easily corroded in an acid-base solution, thereby causing a decrease in the catalytic efficiency and stability of the catalyst. Therefore, the research on new electrode materials has great significance for improving the performance of the mixed sodium-air battery.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical object
An object of the present disclosure is to prepare an efficient electrode material, study the composition of different cobalt and vanadium salts, optimize the optimum composition and concentration of substances, and successfully prepare an electrode.
It is another object of the present disclosure to provide a method of preparing an electrode material.
It is still another object of the present disclosure to provide an electrode material prepared according to the preparation method.
It is a further object of the present disclosure to provide a hybrid-system sodium-air battery.
Technical scheme
According to an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an electrode material including:
a conductive matrix which is a defective CoV hydrotalcite structure, and
metallic platinum particles overlying at least one surface of the conductive substrate.
According to another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method of preparing an electrode material, including:
s1) uniformly dispersing cobalt salt in a solvent to obtain a cobalt salt solution, and adding a mixed solution of vanadate and alkali into the cobalt salt solution to obtain a precipitate;
s2) dispersing the above precipitate in a solvent, adding a platinum salt, and stirring to obtain a mixture containing a matrix carrying platinum particles;
s3) reacting NaBH4Adding into the above mixture containing the matrix carrying platinum particles, stirring, separating to obtain electrode material,
in step S1, cobalt: the molar ratio of vanadium is from 5:1 to 8:1 and the molar ratio of base to metal, i.e. the sum of cobalt and vanadium, is from 4:1 to 1:1, preferably from 2:1 to 1: 1.
According to another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an electrode material prepared according to the above preparation method.
According to another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a sodium-air battery comprising the above electrode material.
Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a mixed system sodium-air battery based on a defected CoV hydrotalcite structure composite electrode. The air electrode comprises an ultrathin defect CoV hydrotalcite structure matrix and loaded platinum nanoparticles, the aqueous electrolyte comprises alkali and sodium salt with certain composition and proportion, the discharge platform, the energy density and the discharge capacity of the battery can be effectively improved by using the electrode, higher conductivity can be provided to a certain extent, the internal resistance of the battery can be reduced, meanwhile, the electrode can effectively reduce the corrosion of the electrolyte to the electrode, the performance of the battery can be improved, and the air electrode has important significance for commercialization of a mixed system sodium-air battery.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an SEM image of the electrode material Pt/CoV-Vo prepared in example 1.
FIG. 2 is an AFM image of the electrode material Pt/CoV-Vo prepared in example 1.
FIG. 3 is an HRTEM image of the electrode material Pt/CoV-Vo prepared in example 1.
FIG. 4 is a HADDF image of the electrode material Pt/CoV-Vo prepared in example 1.
FIG. 5 is an oxygen reduction comparative image of different electrode materials and Pt/C in comparative examples 1-2 and example 1.
FIG. 6 is an oxygen evolution comparative image of the different electrode materials and Ir/C of comparative examples 1-2 and example 1.
Fig. 7 is a cycle performance image of the battery in experimental example 3.
Fig. 8 is a structure of the sodium-air battery prepared in experimental examples 1 to 3.
Fig. 9 is a comparative charge-discharge image of the sodium air battery prepared in experimental examples 1 to 3.
Fig. 10 is a battery cycle image in experimental example 3.
Fig. 11 is a battery output power density image in experimental example 3.
Detailed Description
So that those skilled in the art can understand the features and effects of the present invention, they will generally make the description and definitions in light of the terms and phrases mentioned in the specification and claims. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
In this document, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," or any other similar term, are intended to be open-ended franslational phrase (open-ended franslational phrase) and are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a composition or article comprising a plurality of elements is not limited to only those elements recited herein, but may include other elements not expressly listed but generally inherent to such composition or article. In addition, unless expressly stated to the contrary, the term "or" is intended to mean an inclusive "or" rather than an exclusive "or". For example, the condition "a or B" is satisfied in any of the following cases: a is true (or present) and B is false (or not present), a is false (or not present) and B is true (or present), both a and B are true (or present). Furthermore, in this document, the terms "comprising," including, "" having, "" containing, "and" containing "are to be construed as specifically disclosed and to cover both closed and semi-closed conjunctions, such as" consisting of … "and" consisting essentially of ….
All features or conditions defined herein as numerical ranges or percentage ranges are for brevity and convenience only. Accordingly, the description of a range of values or percentages should be considered to cover and specifically disclose all possible subranges and individual values within the range, particularly integer values. For example, a description of a range of "1 to 8" should be considered to have specifically disclosed all subranges such as 1 to 7, 2 to 8, 2 to 6, 3 to 6, 4 to 8, 3 to 8, and so on, particularly subranges bounded by all integer values, and should be considered to have specifically disclosed individual values such as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and so on, within the range. Unless otherwise indicated, the foregoing explanatory methods apply to all matters contained in the entire disclosure, whether broad or not.
If an amount or other value or parameter is expressed as a range, preferred range, or a list of upper and lower limits, it is to be understood that all ranges subsumed therein for any pair of the upper or preferred value of the range and the lower or preferred value of the range are specifically disclosed herein, regardless of whether ranges are separately disclosed. Further, when a range of numerical values is recited herein, unless otherwise stated, the range is intended to include the endpoints thereof, and all integers and fractions within the range.
In this context, numerical values should be understood to have the precision of the number of significant digits of the value, provided that the object of the invention is achieved. For example, the number 40.0 should be understood to cover a range from 39.50 to 40.49.
In this document, where Markush group (Markush group) or Option language is used to describe features or examples of the invention, those skilled in the art will recognize that a sub-group of all elements or any individual element within a Markush group or list of options may also be used to describe the invention. For example, if X is described as "selected from the group consisting of1、X2And X3The group "also indicates that X has been fully described as X1Is claimed with X1And/or X2Claim (5). Furthermore, where Markush group or option terms are used to describe features or examples of the invention, those skilled in the art will recognize that any combination of sub-groups of all elements or individual elements within the Markush group or option list can also be used to describe the invention. Accordingly, for example, if X is described as "selected from the group consisting of1、X2And X3Group consisting of "and Y is described as" selected from the group consisting of1、Y2And Y3The group "formed indicates that X has been fully described as X1Or X2Or X3And Y is Y1Or Y2Or Y3Claim (5).
The following detailed description is merely exemplary in nature and is not intended to limit the invention or the application thereof. Furthermore, there is no intention to be bound by any theory presented in the preceding prior art or the summary of the invention or the following detailed description or examples.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided an electrode material characterized by including:
a conductive matrix which is a defective CoV hydrotalcite structure, and
metallic platinum particles overlying at least one surface of the conductive substrate.
By using the electrode material, the discharge capacity of the battery can be effectively improved, the internal resistance of the battery is reduced, and the corrosion of the electrode is reduced, so that the stability of the prepared battery is improved.
According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein the defective CoV hydrotalcite structure is an ultra-thin porous structure.
The electrode material with the structure can increase the contact area of the electrode and air, and further improve the catalytic efficiency of the electrode.
According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein the thickness of the conductive matrix is 1nm to 50nm, preferably 2nm to 20nm, more preferably 3nm to 10 nm; the defects are anion vacancies and cation vacancies.
According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein the diameter of the metal platinum particles is 1 to 20nm, preferably 1 to 10nm, more preferably 1 to 5 nm.
When the conductive matrix and the metal platinum particles with the sizes are adopted, the surface area of the electrode material can be greatly increased, and the catalytic activity and efficiency of the electrode can be improved.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided a method of preparing an electrode material, characterized by including:
s1) uniformly dispersing cobalt salt in a solvent to obtain a cobalt salt solution, and adding a mixed solution of vanadate and alkali into the cobalt salt solution to obtain a precipitate;
s2) dispersing the above precipitate in a solvent, adding a platinum salt, and stirring to obtain a mixture containing a matrix carrying platinum particles;
s3) reacting NaBH4Adding into the above mixture containing the matrix carrying platinum particles, stirring, separating to obtain electrode material,
in step S1, cobalt: the molar ratio of vanadium is from 5:1 to 8:1 and the molar ratio of base to metal, i.e. the sum of cobalt and vanadium, is from 4:1 to 1:1, preferably from 2:1 to 1: 1.
The electrode material which is loaded with metal platinum particles and has a conductive matrix with a defective CoV hydrotalcite structure can be prepared by the method.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein the solvent may be deionized water.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, in step S1), the cobalt salt used is a nitrate, sulfate or chloride of cobalt, the vanadate used is ammonium, sodium or potassium vanadate, the platinum salt used is potassium chloroplatinate, and the base is sodium or potassium hydroxide.
According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein the concentration of each reactant, as metal, is: 0.1-10mol/L of cobalt salt, 0.1-10mol/L of vanadium salt, 0.1-10mol/L of sodium hydroxide, 0.1-10mol/L of sodium borohydride and 0.1-10mol/L of platinum salt.
According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, in the preparation method, the time of the matrix preparation reaction is 1 to 10 hours.
Specifically, cobalt salt and vanadium salt are mixed and stirred uniformly, sodium hydroxide is added, and the mixture is stirred continuously by a magnetic stirrer to obtain a flawless CoV hydrotalcite structure. Uniformly dispersing the defect-free CoV hydrotalcite structure and platinum salt, and mixing and stirring sodium borohydride solution to obtain the ultrathin defect CoV base material loaded with platinum nanoparticles.
Using the above-described specific raw material compounds and reaction steps, the structure and composition of the prepared electrode can be effectively controlled, so that desired battery performance can be achieved.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided an electrode material prepared according to the above preparation method.
According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided a sodium-air battery including the above-described electrode material, and a liquid anode, a solid electrolyte, and an aqueous electrolyte.
According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the sodium-air battery is composed of a liquid anode, a solid electrolyte, an acid electrolyte and an air cathode, wherein the liquid anode provides electrons and sodium ions when discharged, and the solid electrolyte is used for conducting Na+And separating the liquid anode and the water-based electrolyte, wherein the water-based electrolyte is arranged between the solid electrolyte and the cathode, and the air cathode comprises the electrode material.
According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the liquid anode is a biphenyl sodium solution, and the solid electrolyte is Al2O3Or a NASICON fast ion conductor, wherein the aqueous electrolyte is NaOH aqueous solution.
The NASICON fast ion conductor is Na1+xZr2SixP3-xO12,0<x<3, Na is preferably used3Si2Zr2PO12。
According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the solute of the liquid anode is sodium biphenyl, and the solvent is Tetraglyme (TEGDME), dimethyl ether (DME), Ethyl Methyl Carbonate (EMC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), Ethylene Carbonate (EC), and the like.
According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the concentration of the liquid anode is 0.1-5mol/L, and the water content is less than or equal to 6 ppm.
According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein the solid electrolyte has a conductivity of 1.0 × 10 at 25 ℃-3S/cm。
According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the concentration of the aqueous electrolyte is 0.01 to 1 mol/L.
According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the air cathode is formed by pressing the electrode material and the conductive nickel mesh, and has a thickness of 0.2-0.6 mm.
According to one embodiment of the disclosure, the air cathode is formed by mixing the electrode material, activated carbon and Nafion according to a mass ratio of (5-10): (1-5): (1-2) ultrasonic mixing in solvent of alcohol and water with equal volume, and smearing on a surface of 1cm2And then pressing the carbon paper with a conductive nickel net.
The technical scheme of the invention is explained in detail in the following with the accompanying drawings.
Comparative example 1
With CoCl2，NH4VO4NaOH is used as a raw material to synthesize the CoV hydrotalcite structure. Specifically, 120mg of CoCl was added2Dissolved in 40ml of deionized water to give solution A, 20mg of NH4VO4Dissolved in another 20ml portion of deionized water with 50mg of NaOH and stirred well to obtain solution B. Solution B was added dropwise to solution A and stirred for 30 min. The resulting solid was washed, centrifuged and dried to obtain a defect free CoV hydrotalcite structure, named CoV.
Comparative example 2
With CoCl2，NH4VO4NaOH is used as a raw material to synthesize the CoV hydrotalcite structure. Specifically, 120mg of CoCl was added2Dissolved in 40ml of deionized water to give solution A, 20mg of NH4VO4Dissolved in another 20ml portion of deionized water with 50mg of NaOH and stirred well to obtain solution B. Adding the solution B dropwise to the solutionIn A, stirring for 30 min. And washing, centrifuging and drying the obtained solid to obtain the defect-free CoV hydrotalcite structure. The resulting solid material was then dispersed in 40ml of deionized water, and 200mg NaBH was added4And (3) stirring the powder for 1h, and stirring and centrifuging to obtain the ultrathin nanosheet rich in defects, named CoV-Vo.
Example 1
With CoCl2，NH4VO4NaOH is used as a raw material to synthesize the CoV hydrotalcite structure. Specifically, 120mg of CoCl was added2Dissolved in 40ml of deionized water to give solution A, 20mg of NH4VO4Dissolved in another 20ml portion of deionized water with 50mg of NaOH and stirred well to obtain solution B. Solution B was added dropwise to solution A and stirred for 30 min. And washing, centrifuging and drying the obtained solid to obtain the defect-free CoV hydrotalcite structure. Dispersing the obtained solid material in 40ml of deionized water, adding 5mg of potassium aluminum foil, stirring for 30min, and adding 200mg of NaBH4And (3) stirring the powder for 1h, and stirring and centrifuging to obtain the defect-rich ultrathin nanosheet loaded with the platinum nanoparticles, named Pt/CoV-Vo.
As shown in fig. 1, an SEM image of the electrode material in example 1 is shown. As can be seen from fig. 1, the electrode material has a nanosheet structure.
The air electrode in example 1 was observed by an atomic force microscope to obtain an AFM image as shown in fig. 2. As can be seen from fig. 2, the thickness of the defective CoV nanosheet is about 3 nm.
TEM observation was performed on the air electrode in example 1, and a TEM image as shown in fig. 3 was obtained. As can be seen from fig. 3, the CoV nanosheets have a rich defect structure.
High angle annular dark field imaging (HADDF) was performed on the air electrode in example 1, resulting in a HADDF image as shown in fig. 4. As can be seen from FIG. 4, the diameter of the platinum metal particles therein is 1-5 nm.
Experimental example 1
The sodium-air battery is assembled by taking sodium biphenyl as a liquid anode, NASICON as a solid electrolyte, 0.1mol/L NaOH as an aqueous electrolyte and CoV as a catalyst.
Experimental example 2
The sodium-air battery is assembled by taking sodium biphenyl as a liquid anode, NaSICON as a solid electrolyte, 0.1mol/L NaOH as a water system electrolyte and CoV-Vo as a catalyst.
Experimental example 3
The sodium air battery is assembled by taking sodium biphenyl as a liquid anode, NASICON as a solid electrolyte, 0.1mol/L NaOH as a water system electrolyte and Pt/CoV-Vo as a catalyst.
The electrodes and Pt/C of example 1 and comparative examples 1-2 were subjected to oxygen reduction tests, respectively, and the results are shown in FIG. 5. As can be seen from FIG. 5, the Pt/CoV-Vo material of example 1 has better oxygen reduction performance, while the CoV nanosheets of comparative examples 1-2, which do not contain defects and platinum ions, have poorer oxygen reduction performance.
The electrodes and Ir/C of example 1 and comparative examples 1-2 were subjected to oxygen evolution test, respectively, and the results are shown in FIG. 6. As can be seen from FIG. 6, the Pt/CoV-Vo material of example 1 has better oxygen evolution performance, while the CoV nanosheets of comparative examples 1-2, which do not contain defects and platinum ions, have poorer oxygen evolution performance.
A cycle performance image of the electrode material in example 1 is shown in fig. 7. As can be seen from FIG. 7, the current density-voltage curve of the reversible hydrogen electrode after 1000 cycles of the Pt/CoV-Vo material in example 1 hardly changed, and therefore, the cycling performance thereof was excellent. The schematic structure of the sodium-air battery of experimental examples 1 to 3 is shown in fig. 8.
The charge-discharge curves of the sodium-air batteries of experimental examples 1 to 3 are shown in FIG. 9, and it can be seen from FIG. 9 that the charge-discharge curves are at 0.1mA cm-2Has smaller over potential at the discharge density of the Pt/CoV-Vo material.
The cycle diagram of the sodium-air battery of experimental example 3 is shown in fig. 10, and it can be seen from fig. 10 that the discharge time and voltage plateau were not significantly attenuated at 995-1000 cycles compared with 1-5 cycles, and therefore, the battery using the Pt/CoV-Vo material had higher discharge efficiency and stable cycle performance.
The output power density of the sodium-air battery of experimental example 3 is shown in fig. 11, and it can be seen from fig. 11 that the battery using the Pt/CoV-Vo material has a higher output power density.

Claims (13)

1. An electrode material, comprising:
a conductive matrix which is a defective CoV hydrotalcite structure, and
metallic platinum particles overlying at least one surface of the conductive base,
the thickness of the conductive substrate is 1nm-50 nm; the defects are anion vacancies and cation vacancies, and
the diameter of the metal platinum particles is 1-20 nm.
2. The electrode material of claim 1, wherein the defective CoV hydrotalcite structure is an ultra-thin porous structure.
3. The electrode material according to claim 1,
the thickness of the conductive substrate is 2nm to 20 nm.
4. The electrode material according to claim 1,
the thickness of the conductive substrate is 3nm to 10 nm.
5. The electrode material of claim 1, wherein the platinum metal particles have a diameter of 1-10 nm.
6. The electrode material of claim 1, wherein the platinum metal particles have a diameter of 1-5 nm.
7. A method for preparing an electrode material, comprising:
s1) uniformly dispersing cobalt salt in a solvent to obtain a cobalt salt solution, and adding a mixed solution of vanadate and alkali into the cobalt salt solution to obtain a precipitate;
s2) dispersing the precipitate in a solvent, adding a platinum salt, and stirring to obtain a mixture;
s3) reacting NaBH4Adding into the above mixture, stirring, separating to obtain electrode material,
wherein, in step S1, the ratio of cobalt: the molar ratio of vanadium is from 5:1 to 8:1 and the molar ratio of alkali to metal, i.e. the sum of cobalt and vanadium, is from 4:1 to 1: 1.
8. The production method according to claim 7, wherein,
in step S1, the molar ratio of the base to the metal, i.e., the sum of cobalt and vanadium, is 2:1 to 1:1, based on the metal content.
9. The production method according to claim 7, wherein,
in step S1), the cobalt salt used is a nitrate, sulfate or chloride of cobalt, the vanadate used is ammonium, sodium or potassium vanadate, the platinum salt used is potassium chloroplatinate, and the base is sodium or potassium hydroxide.
10. The production method according to claim 7, wherein the concentration of each reactant, in terms of metal, is: 0.1-10mol/L of cobalt salt, 0.1-10mol/L of vanadium salt, 0.1-10mol/L of sodium hydroxide, 0.1-10mol/L of sodium borohydride and 0.1-10mol/L of platinum salt.
11. An electrode material produced according to the production method of any one of claims 7 to 10.
12. A sodium-air battery characterized by comprising: an air cathode comprising the electrode material according to any one of claims 1 to 6 and 11, and a liquid anode, a solid electrolyte and an aqueous electrolyte.
13. The sodium-air battery of claim 12, wherein the liquid anode is a sodium biphenyl solution and the solid electrolyte is Al2O3Or NASICON fast ion conductors, said water electrolyzingThe solution is NaOH aqueous solution.
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