CN111626144B - Impact feature vector construction method, device, terminal equipment and storage medium - Google Patents
Impact feature vector construction method, device, terminal equipment and storage medium Download PDFInfo
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- CN111626144B CN111626144B CN202010380008.0A CN202010380008A CN111626144B CN 111626144 B CN111626144 B CN 111626144B CN 202010380008 A CN202010380008 A CN 202010380008A CN 111626144 B CN111626144 B CN 111626144B
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- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M15/00—Testing of engines
- G01M15/04—Testing internal-combustion engines
- G01M15/12—Testing internal-combustion engines by monitoring vibrations
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Abstract
The application provides an impact feature vector construction method, an impact feature vector construction device, terminal equipment and a storage medium, wherein the method comprises the steps of collecting target vibration data corresponding to an air cylinder; separating impact section data from target vibration data, wherein the impact section data comprises at least one of first impact section data corresponding to a combustion explosion impact state of a cylinder body, second impact section data corresponding to a closing impact state of an air inlet valve, third impact section data corresponding to a closing impact state of an air outlet valve, fourth impact section data corresponding to an opening airflow impact state of the air inlet valve and fifth impact section data corresponding to an opening airflow impact state of the air outlet valve; and constructing an impact characteristic vector according to the basic parameters of the impact segment data. The feature vector constructed by the technical scheme of the application realizes the identification of various fault types, realizes the effective diagnosis of the fault types of the air cylinder, and is beneficial to improving the effectiveness and the intellectualization of the safety monitoring and the fault diagnosis of the air cylinder.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the field of mechanical fault diagnosis, and particularly relates to an impact feature vector construction method, an impact feature vector construction device, terminal equipment and a storage medium.
Background
Large diesel engines are the main prime mover for ship equipment and are key and important equipment in ship power systems. When the diesel engine fails, the final characteristic information is reflected on the vibration signal on the surface of the diesel engine, and the failure working condition of the diesel engine cylinder can be diagnosed according to the failure characteristic contained in the vibration signal.
The main analysis and processing method of the surface vibration signal of the diesel engine comprises the following steps: time domain analysis, frequency domain analysis, time-frequency analysis, and the like. The time domain analysis mainly comprises the steps of drawing a time domain waveform diagram of an acquired vibration signal, and extracting parameters such as peak value, mean value, kurtosis, variance, margin factor, waveform factor and the like from the time domain waveform diagram to form a feature vector. The frequency domain analysis is to compare the shape characteristics of the fault working condition and the normal working condition according to the power spectrum to judge the fault type by fast Fourier transform of the diesel engine vibration signal. The time-frequency analysis is to analyze the signal in the time and frequency joint domain, and the time-frequency analysis includes Gabor transformation, short-time Fourier transformation, wigner-Ville distribution, wavelet transformation and the like.
Research on diesel engine cylinder faults by constructing feature vectors of vibration signals has achieved a certain result, but when the feature vectors constructed in the prior art diagnose diesel engine cylinder faults, fault types can be identified to be limited, and effective diagnosis of faults is difficult to achieve.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the application aims to provide an impact feature vector construction method, an impact feature vector construction device, terminal equipment and a storage medium, so as to solve the technical problems that the type of a fault cannot be effectively identified and the effective diagnosis of the fault is difficult to realize in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, according to an aspect of the present application, there is provided an impact feature vector construction method applied to a cylinder including a cylinder body, an intake valve, and an exhaust valve, the method comprising:
collecting target vibration data corresponding to the air cylinder;
separating impact section data from the target vibration data, wherein the impact section data comprises at least one of first impact section data corresponding to the explosion impact state of the cylinder body, second impact section data corresponding to the closing impact state of the air inlet valve, third impact section data corresponding to the closing impact state of the air outlet valve, fourth impact section data corresponding to the opening airflow impact state of the air inlet valve and fifth impact section data corresponding to the opening airflow impact state of the air outlet valve;
And constructing an impact characteristic vector according to basic parameters of the impact section data, wherein the basic parameters comprise at least one of a start angle, a continuous angle, a root mean square and a power spectral density of a waveform corresponding to the impact section data, and the impact characteristic vector is used for diagnosing the working condition of the air cylinder.
Another aspect of the present application provides an impact feature vector construction apparatus applied to a cylinder including a cylinder body, an intake valve, and an exhaust valve, the impact feature vector construction apparatus including:
the data acquisition module is used for acquiring target vibration data corresponding to the air cylinder;
the separation module is used for separating impact section data from the target vibration data, wherein the impact section data comprises at least one of first impact section data corresponding to the state that the cylinder body is in a blasting impact state, second impact section data corresponding to the state that the air inlet valve is in a closing impact state, third impact section data corresponding to the state that the air outlet valve is in a closing impact state, fourth impact section data corresponding to the state that the air inlet valve is in an opening airflow impact state and fifth impact section data corresponding to the state that the air outlet valve is in an opening airflow impact state;
The construction module is used for constructing an impact characteristic vector according to basic parameters of the impact section data, wherein the basic parameters comprise at least one of a start angle, a continuous angle, a root mean square and a power spectrum density of a waveform corresponding to the impact section data, and the impact characteristic vector is used for diagnosing the working condition of the air cylinder.
The application also provides a terminal device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, the processor implementing the method as described above when executing the computer program.
In a further aspect the application provides a computer readable storage medium storing a computer program which when executed by a processor implements a method as described above.
According to the application, the impact section data corresponding to each impact state is separated from the target vibration data of the air cylinder, the impact characteristic vector is constructed according to the basic parameters of the impact section data, the fault types corresponding to each impact type can be identified by analyzing the impact characteristic vector, the effective diagnosis of the fault types of the air cylinder is realized, and the improvement of the effectiveness and the intellectualization of the safety monitoring and the fault diagnosis of the air cylinder is facilitated.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a data processing system according to a first embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of an impact feature vector construction method according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a method for constructing an impact feature vector according to a second embodiment of the present application;
fig. 4 is a flow chart of an impact feature vector construction method according to a third embodiment of the present application
FIG. 5 is a comparison of front and rear of a third embodiment of the present application;
fig. 6 is a flow chart of a method for constructing an impact feature vector according to a fourth embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 7 is a timing diagram of an impact according to a fourth embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of an impact feature vector construction apparatus according to a fifth embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of an impact feature vector construction apparatus according to a sixth embodiment of the present application;
Fig. 10 is a schematic hardware structure of a terminal device according to a seventh embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical schemes and beneficial effects to be solved more clear, the application is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the application.
In the following description, for purposes of explanation and not limitation, specific details are set forth such as the particular system architecture, techniques, etc., in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the present application. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the present application may be practiced in other embodiments that depart from these specific details. In other instances, detailed descriptions of well-known systems, devices, circuits, and methods are omitted so as not to obscure the description of the present application with unnecessary detail.
It should be understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used in this specification and the appended claims, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.
It is also to be understood that the terminology used in the description of the application herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. As used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
It should be further understood that the term "and/or" as used in the present specification and the appended claims refers to any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items, and includes such combinations.
Referring to fig. 1, a data processing system provided in a first embodiment of the present application includes an acceleration sensor 30, a collecting device 20 and a data processing device 10, where the acceleration sensor 30 is disposed on a cylinder head, the acceleration sensor 30 is electrically connected with the collecting device 20, the collecting device 20 is communicatively connected with the data processing device 10, and the collecting device 20 collects target vibration data from the acceleration sensor 30 and sends the data to the data processing device 10.
Wherein the acceleration sensor 30 is used for acquiring vibration signals of the respective cylinders. Each cylinder corresponds to one path of the acceleration sensor 30 acquisition path.
Wherein, after the data processing device 10 acquires the target vibration data, the method for constructing the impact characteristic vector of the cylinder provided by the embodiment of the application is executed. The impact feature vector construction method of the cylinder provided by the embodiment of the present application is described by the following examples.
Referring to fig. 2, a flow chart of a method for constructing an impact feature vector of a cylinder according to an embodiment of the present application includes:
s11, collecting target vibration data corresponding to the air cylinder;
the execution main body of the impact feature vector construction method applied to the air cylinder provided by the embodiment of the application is a data processing device 10, and the data processing device 10 can be a terminal device such as a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a notebook computer, an ultra-mobile personal computer (UMPC), a netbook, a personal digital assistant (personal digital assistant, PDA) or other devices with processing functions, and the specific type of the data processing device is not limited in the embodiment of the application.
The cylinder may be a diesel cylinder, in particular a marine diesel cylinder. The cylinder includes a block, an intake valve, and an exhaust valve.
In a preferred embodiment, an LMB-133 ultra-thin reinforced notebook computer is used as data processing equipment, the environment temperature of the LMB-133 ultra-thin reinforced notebook computer is-40-85 ℃, the environment humidity is 10-90% RH, no condensation exists, the notebook computer can stand by for about 3 hours in a normal-temperature working state, and the electromagnetic environment requirement meets GJB151A-97, so that the notebook computer is particularly suitable for the severe working environment of a marine diesel engine.
An acceleration sensor is arranged on the air cylinder. Specifically, the acceleration sensor 30 is fixed on the cylinder head valve support by a magnetic seat, the data processing device 10 is connected with the acceleration sensor 30 through the acquisition device 20, and the data processing device 10 acquires target vibration data from the acquisition device 20.
The target vibration data collected by the data processing apparatus 10 may be raw vibration data (not processed data), or may be vibration data processed by the collecting device 20 or the data processing apparatus 10 itself based on the raw vibration data. For example, the target vibration data is data in which the original vibration data is subjected to the filter processing.
S12, separating impact section data from the target vibration data, wherein the impact section data comprises at least one of first impact section data corresponding to the cylinder body in a burning explosion impact state, second impact section data corresponding to the air inlet valve in a closing impact state, third impact section data corresponding to the air outlet valve in a closing impact state, fourth impact section data corresponding to the air inlet valve in an opening airflow impact state and fifth impact section data corresponding to the air outlet valve in an opening airflow impact state;
It is understood that a cylinder includes a block, an intake valve, and an exhaust valve. When the cylinder works, the main reasons for the vibration of the cylinder are explosion impact caused by ignition of gas in the cylinder, airflow impact caused by opening of an air inlet valve, closing impact caused by closing of the air inlet valve, airflow impact caused by opening of an exhaust valve and closing impact caused by closing of the exhaust valve.
In this embodiment, the data corresponding to the explosion impact state is first impact segment data, the data of the air inlet valve in the closed impact state is second impact segment data, the data of the air outlet valve in the closed impact state is third impact segment data, the data of the air inlet valve in the open airflow impact state is fourth impact segment data, and the data of the air outlet valve in the open airflow impact state is fifth impact segment data.
The separation of the shock segment data from the target vibration data includes at least one of the five shock segment data described above. Preferably, the above five impact segment data are separated from the target vibration data to achieve diagnosis of the most fault types.
S13, constructing an impact characteristic vector according to basic parameters of the impact section data, wherein the basic parameters comprise at least one of a start angle, a continuous angle, a root mean square and a power spectral density of a waveform corresponding to the impact section data, and the impact characteristic vector is used for diagnosing the working condition of the air cylinder.
In this embodiment, at least one of the start angle, the duration angle, the root mean square, and the power spectral density of the corresponding waveform according to the impact segment data is used as the eigenvalue of the impact specific vector. Preferably, the initial angle, the continuous angle, the root mean square and the power spectrum density of the waveform corresponding to the impact segment data are used as the characteristic values of the impact characteristic vector, whether the impact segment has faults or not is judged according to the characteristic values, and the diagnosis result is more accurate and reliable.
The construction type of the impact feature vector is various. The impact feature vector may be constructed according to the same impact state, for example, according to a blasting impact state, where the impact feature vector includes basic parameters of all the first impact segment data; an impact characteristic vector can be correspondingly constructed by using the impact section data; an impact characteristic vector can be constructed by two impact section data, for example, the impact characteristic vector is constructed according to the state that the exhaust valve is in a closed impact state and the state that the exhaust valve is in an open airflow impact state, and the impact characteristic vector comprises the basic parameters of the third impact section data and the fifth impact section data, so that the fault caused by the exhaust valve can be accurately monitored and diagnosed.
The impact characteristic vector constructed by the embodiment takes at least one basic parameter of the impact section data as a characteristic value, and can judge whether the impact state of the impact section data corresponding to the characteristic value has faults or not through the characteristic value, thereby realizing the multi-scale characterization of the working faults of the air cylinders, and further realizing the identification of fault types and the identification of multiple fault types. Meanwhile, the fault diagnosis junction result can be accurate to a specific impact state, and the fault diagnosis accuracy is higher.
Referring to fig. 3, a flow chart of an impact feature vector construction method according to a second embodiment of the present application includes S21 to S23, and compared with the first embodiment, S22 and S23 are the same as S12 and S13, respectively, and are not described in detail herein, except that S21 and S11 are as follows:
s21, collecting N target vibration data of the cylinder in N working periods, wherein the N working periods correspond to the N target vibration data one by one, and N is a positive integer.
In the present embodiment, the data processing apparatus 10 is configured to collect N pieces of target vibration data of the cylinder in N work periods, the N work periods being in one-to-one correspondence with the N pieces of target vibration data.
The target vibration data may be obtained by segmenting the original vibration data by the acquisition device 20 with the working cycle of the cylinder as a unit; or may be data obtained by sectioning the original vibration data in units of the duty cycle of the cylinder by the data processing apparatus 10.
The process of sequentially completing one intake stroke, one compression stroke, one power stroke and one exhaust stroke by the cylinder is called a working cycle. The cylinders may experience the five impact types described above during a single cycle.
It will be appreciated that in this embodiment, the impact segment data is separated from the target vibration data as impact segment data of the corresponding duty cycle. Preferably, the target vibration data includes five kinds of impact segment data occurring in the corresponding duty cycle, namely, first impact segment data, second impact segment data, third impact segment data, fourth impact segment data, and fifth impact segment data.
In another embodiment, the construction of the impact feature vector according to the basic parameters of the impact segment data may be that the impact feature vector is constructed according to the basic parameters of some impact segment data in a working period, where the feature value of the impact feature vector corresponds to only one basic parameter of the impact segment data.
In a preferred embodiment, the construction of the impact feature vector according to the basic parameters of the impact segment data is to construct an impact feature vector corresponding to the working period according to the basic parameters of the impact segment data in the working period, that is, the feature value of the impact feature vector comprises the substrate parameters of each impact segment data in one working period. At the moment, the impact characteristic vector is constructed by taking the working period as a unit, so that the cylinder fault can be diagnosed by taking the working period as a unit, compared with the condition that the impact characteristic vector only comprises the basic parameter of one impact section data, the diagnosis process is quickened, and meanwhile, the accurate diagnosis result can be obtained.
Referring to fig. 4, a flow chart of an impact feature vector construction method according to a third embodiment of the present application includes S31 to S34, and compared with the first embodiment, S33 and S34 are the same as S12 and S13, respectively, and are not described in detail herein, except that S31 and S32 are as follows:
s31, acquiring original vibration data corresponding to the cylinder, and constructing a generalized multi-scale morphological filter based on waveform structural features of the original vibration data;
s32, filtering the original vibration data based on the generalized multi-scale morphological filter to obtain the target vibration data.
In the present embodiment, there is a data processing apparatus 10 that collects raw vibration data. Because the original vibration data contains noise, radiation and other factors, the original vibration data needs to be subjected to noise reduction treatment.
In this embodiment, the generalized multi-scale morphological filter is used to filter the original vibration data, and is configured according to the waveform structural features of the original vibration data as a digital morphological filter, so that the interference of exhaust noise and radiation noise during the operation of the cylinder can be reduced, and the information aliasing caused by multi-source vibration can be suppressed.
The following details the construction process of the generalized overscale morphology filter in this embodiment:
1) Selecting the type of the target structural element;
the structural element is simply defined as the structure (shape) of the pixel and an origin (also called anchor point), and the use of morphological filtering involves applying this structural element to each pixel of the image, the intersection of which with the image defines a set of pixels that perform morphological operations when the origin of the structural element is aligned with a given pixel. In principle, the structural elements may be of any shape, typically linear, triangular, sinusoidal, rectangular, semicircular, etc.
The structure of the target structural element is matched with the waveform structural characteristics of the target vibration data. In the present embodiment, a semicircular structural element is taken as the target structural element. Experiments prove that the semicircular structural elements are beneficial to reducing the interference of random noise.
2) Constructing a height sequence and a width sequence of the target structural element according to the waveform structural characteristics of the original vibration data,
the dimensions of the morphological structural element include the height dimension and the width dimension, the selection of which affects the morphological treatment effect. In this embodiment, the size of the structural element is established according to the local extremum walking method, so that the local characteristic information of the original vibration data can be fully utilized, and the method includes the following steps:
On the basis of removing direct current and trend items from the original vibration data, calculating a local maximum value sequence PE and a local minimum value sequence NE, wherein:
PE＝{Pe i |i＝1，2，…，N Pe }；
calculating local polesLarge value interval D P And local minimum interval D N Wherein:
D P ＝{d P |d Pi ＝Pe i+1 -Pe i ，i＝1，2，…，N Pe -l}；
calculating the maximum amplitude P of local maximum sequence Pmax =max (PE) and minimum amplitude P Pmin =min (PE), local minimum sequence maximum amplitude P Nmax =max (NE) and minimum amplitude P Nmin ＝min(NE)。
The construction width sequence is:
L＝{L min ，L min +1，…，L max -1，L max }， (3)
wherein L is min And L max The minimum and maximum width values of the structural elements are respectively represented, and:
wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,to round down operators, ++>To round up the operator.
Defining local extremum height difference H Pe And H Ne Wherein:
H Pe ＝P Pmax -P Pmin ;
H Ne ＝P Nmax -P Nmin 。 (5)
calculating the local extremum amplitude of the signal: h e ＝max(H Pe ，H Ne )。
The construction height sequence is:
H＝{j×αH e /(L max -L min +1)} (6)
wherein: j=1, 2, …, L max -L min +1, α is a high scaling factor.
The height value of the target structural element is 1% -5% of the waveform profile of the original vibration data by selecting proper alpha.
3) According to a preset evaluation index, respectively selecting a target height value and a target width value which meet the preset evaluation index from the height sequence and the width sequence;
specifically, in this embodiment, the root mean square error RNSE is taken as a preset evaluation index of the target structural element, and the smaller the root mean square error, the better the calculation formula of RNSE is as follows:
4) And constructing the generalized multi-scale morphological filter based on the corresponding target structural element based on the target height value and the target width value.
Specifically, in the embodiment of the invention, the generalized multi-scale morphological filter is constructed as follows:
wherein the structural element function g is used 1 (n) and g 2 (n) performing an open-close generalized operation on the signal x (n), specifically:
GOC(x(n))＝x(n)·g 1 (n)·g 2 (n) (9)
using structural element g 1 And g 2 The signal x (n) is subjected to one-time closed-open generalized operation, specifically:
GOC(x(n))＝x(n)·g 1 (n)·g 2 (n) (10)
lambda is a scale, and lambda times of open-close generalized operation and close-open generalized operation are carried out together.
The structural element g 1 And g 2 Is two structural elements meeting preset evaluation indexes and g, which are selected in the step P2 1 (n) and g 2 (n) are the structural elements g, respectively 1 And g 2 Corresponding structure element functions.
Where λ generally takes a value between 1 and 5, for example λ takes a value of 2 or 3.
The raw vibration data is subjected to filtering processing by using a mathematical morphology filter constructed by the formula (9) and the formula (10).
Fig. 5 is a front-rear comparison chart of the present embodiment after the original vibration data is filtered by the digital morphological filter. Fig. 5 (a) shows an original vibration data waveform, and fig. 5 (b) shows a filtered target vibration data waveform. Because of the impact interaction and interaction of each cylinder of the diesel engine, the vibration signal of the cylinder cover surface of any cylinder comprises the impact response of other cylinders besides the impact response of the cylinder, and the external impact responses are attenuated by energy after being transmitted and have phase differences with the impact responses of the cylinders, but under the interference of exhaust noise and radiation noise, the signals which are mutually coupled and overlapped can cause the boundary aliasing of impact segments, so that the impact segments in the working period of the cylinder are difficult to effectively separate. In fig. 5 (a), the impact section boundary aliasing phenomenon of each cycle of the cylinder is remarkable, and the impact response is difficult to separate. In fig. 5 (b), after mathematical morphology filtering, the impact response of each working cycle of the cylinder is distinguished by a relatively obvious boundary, which indicates that the generalized multi-scale morphology filter with the structure is adopted to filter and reduce noise of the processed target vibration data, so that the interference of exhaust noise and radiation noise during the working of the diesel engine is reduced, and the information aliasing caused by multi-source vibration is inhibited.
Referring to fig. 6, a flow chart of an impact feature vector construction method according to a fourth embodiment of the present application includes S41 to S44, and compared with the first embodiment, S41 and S44 are the same as S11 and S13, respectively, and are not described in detail herein, except that S42 and S43 are as follows:
s41, collecting target vibration data corresponding to the air cylinder;
s42, separating impulse response in the target vibration data;
the impulse response (or impulse response function, IRF), is a function describing the response of the system as timeFunction of(or other possible dynamic behavior as a parameterized system)Independent variableA function of) refers to the excitation signal of the cylinder under certain operating conditions, and the impulse segment data is discrete data acquired by monitoring this excitation signal. In the present embodiment, the impulse response is separated from the target vibration data by the following steps.
1) Constructing an impact time sequence diagram according to the ignition time sequence of the cylinder;
in an example of an in-line 8 cylinder diesel engine, referring to fig. 7, fig. 7 shows a timing diagram of the impact of the cylinder head surface during one cycle of operation of the cylinder (720 ° of crankshaft rotation). The impact timing diagrams are labeled with the top dead center position for firing, the exhaust valve open position, the intake valve open position, the exhaust valve closed position, and the intake valve closed position for each cylinder.
2) Separating pre-separation impact segment data from the target vibration data according to the impact time sequence diagram;
in the impact timing diagram, the position of the ignition top dead center corresponds to an explosion impact section from the position of the exhaust valve opening, the position of the exhaust valve opening corresponds to an exhaust valve opening airflow impact section from the position of the exhaust valve opening corresponds to an intake valve opening airflow impact section from the position of the intake valve opening corresponds to an exhaust valve closing position corresponds to an exhaust valve closing impact section from the position of the exhaust valve closing to the ignition starting and stopping point. And extracting data of each impact segment according to the impact time sequence diagram.
3) And analyzing the pre-separated impact segment data according to a timing relation to obtain the impact response.
The timing relation, namely the air distribution timing, refers to the opening time of the air inlet and outlet valves according to the working stroke of the piston. The working stroke of the piston includes an intake stroke, a compression stroke, a power stroke, and an exhaust stroke. Wherein, the piston moves from the top dead center to the bottom dead center during the air intake stroke, the air inlet valve is opened and the air outlet valve is closed; the piston moves from the bottom dead center to the top dead center during the compression stroke, and the air inlet valve and the air outlet valve are closed; the power stroke means that the piston moves from the upper dead center to the lower dead center, and the air inlet valve and the air outlet valve are closed; the exhaust stroke is defined as the piston moving from bottom dead center to top dead center, the intake valve closing, and the exhaust valve opening.
In the present embodiment, the impulse response is the impulse response of the entire target vibration data. The impulse response at this time includes the impulse response of each impulse segment in segments.
S43, extracting the impact section data according to the impact response.
Impact segment data may be extracted from the impact response in segments. In a preferred embodiment, each impact segment data is extracted in units of duty cycles. It should be noted that, a working cycle includes explosion impact section data, intake valve closing impact section data, intake valve opening airflow impact section data, exhaust valve closing impact section data and exhaust valve opening airflow impact section data, and specifically includes:
1) And extracting a cycle range of at least one working cycle contained in the target vibration data according to the top dead center and the bottom dead center in the target vibration data.
Preferably, the cycle range of the duty cycle is extracted by:
determining a cylinder ignition top dead center;
determining a starting bottom dead center and a finishing bottom dead center of each working period of the cylinder;
and extracting the data of each working cycle of the cylinder according to the starting top dead center and the ending top dead center of each working cycle.
In this embodiment, the data processing system further includes an up-stop sensor. The upper stop sensor is arranged at the top dead center position of the flywheel of the diesel engine and is used for detecting the top dead center position in each working period. The upper stop sensor may be a photoelectric sensor, a laser sensor, or the like.
Taking a four-stroke engine as an example, one working cycle comprises three top dead centers and two bottom dead centers, wherein the three top dead centers comprise ignition top dead centers. It is understood that the firing top dead center corresponds to a cylinder blast impact condition where the firing top dead center corresponds to the greatest impact response. Thus, each firing top dead center is determined from the detected plurality of top dead centers according to the magnitude of the impulse response.
After determining the cylinder ignition top dead center in each working period, subtracting 180 degrees from the cylinder ignition top dead center position to be the starting bottom dead center of the working period, and adding 180 degrees to be the ending bottom dead center of the working period.
After determining the cylinder ignition top dead center in each working period, subtracting 360 degrees from the cylinder ignition top dead center position to be the starting top dead center of the working period, and adding 360 degrees to be the ending top dead center of the working period. One working period is from the start top dead center to the end top dead center.
2) And according to the cycle range, extracting impact section data of a working cycle corresponding to the cycle range from the impact response.
In this embodiment, the impact segment data is extracted from the impact response in units of the working period, and compared with the extraction of the impact segment data according to the impact type or the impact segment corresponding to the impact segment, the extraction process can be simplified.
Further, in order to achieve both diagnosis efficiency and diagnosis accuracy, the impact feature vector is constructed according to the basic parameters of the impact segment data in the working period by taking the working period as a unit. After the impact segment data is extracted in units of the working period in the above example,
s44, constructing an impact characteristic vector according to the basic parameters of the impact segment data:
1) Calculating the start angle and the end angle of each impact section according to the top dead center and the bottom dead center in each working cycle of the cylinder, specifically:
calculating an opening impact start angle and an end angle of an air inlet valve and an closing impact start angle and an end angle of an exhaust valve according to the 1 st top dead center of each working period of the air cylinder; specifically, the start angle and the end angle of the opening impact of the air inlet valve are calculated according to the relative angular position of the start point and the end point of the opening airflow of the air inlet valve in the corresponding waveform minus the relative angular position of the 1 st top dead center, and the start angle and the end angle of the closing impact of the air outlet valve are calculated according to the relative angular position of the start point and the end point of the closing impact of the air outlet valve in the corresponding waveform minus the relative angular position of the 1 st top dead center, wherein the relative angular position of the 1 st top dead center is generally set to be 0 degrees, so that the start angle and the end angle of the opening impact of the air inlet valve and the start angle and the end angle of the closing impact of the air outlet valve are between-90 degrees and 90 degrees;
Calculating the closing impact start angle and the closing impact end angle of the air inlet valve according to the 1 st bottom dead center of the working period of the air cylinder; specifically, the start angle and the end angle of the closing impact of the air inlet valve are calculated according to the relative angle position of the 1 st bottom dead center subtracted from the relative angle position of the corresponding waveform of the start point and the end point of the closing impact of the air inlet valve, wherein the relative angle position of the 1 st bottom dead center is generally set to be 0 degrees, so that the start angle and the end angle of the closing impact of the air inlet valve are between minus 90 degrees and 90 degrees;
calculating a start angle and an end angle of the explosion impact according to a 2 nd top dead center of a working period of the cylinder, specifically, calculating the start angle and the end angle of the explosion impact according to the relative angle position of the 2 nd top dead center subtracted from the relative angle position of the corresponding waveforms of the start point and the end point of the explosion impact, wherein the relative angle position of the 2 nd top dead center is generally set to be 0 degrees, so that the start angle and the end angle of the explosion impact are between minus 90 degrees and 90 degrees;
calculating an air flow impact starting angle and an air flow impact ending angle of the opening of the exhaust valve according to the 2 nd bottom dead center of the working period of the cylinder; the starting angle and the ending angle of the opening impact of the exhaust valve are calculated according to the relative angle position of the starting point and the ending point of the opening airflow of the exhaust valve minus the relative angle position of the 2 nd bottom dead center in the corresponding waveform, wherein the relative angle position of the 2 nd bottom dead center is generally set to be 0 degrees, so that the starting angle and the ending angle of the opening impact of the exhaust valve are between minus 90 degrees and 90 degrees.
2) Calculating the continuous angle of each impact section according to the starting angle and the ending angle of each impact section;
3) Respectively calculating root mean square and power spectral density of each impact section based on time domain statistics and spectrum analysis;
4) The impact feature vector is constructed based on the start angle, the duration angle, the root mean square, and the power spectral density of each impact segment.
In this embodiment, after the start angle and the end angle of the extreme point corresponding to the top dead center and the bottom dead center in each impact segment waveform in the working period are obtained, the continuous angle of each impact segment is calculated according to the start angle and the end angle of the impact segment. For example, according to the start angle and the end angle of the explosion impact section of the target cylinder in the third working period, the continuous angle of the explosion impact section in the third working period is calculated, and the continuous angle is calculated by the following steps: continuous angle = end angle-start angle.
Based on the prior art, the root mean square and the power spectral density of each impact segment are analyzed according to time domain statistics and frequency spectrum respectively.
The impact characteristic vector of each working period is obtained through the steps, for example, when the impact characteristic vector only comprises one impact type, one characterization mode of the impact characteristic vector can be [ x ] 1 ，x 2 ，x 3 ，x 4 ]Wherein x is 1 、x 2 、x 3 、x 4 The onset angle, the duration angle, the root mean square, and the power spectral density are shown, respectively.
Referring to fig. 8, fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of an impact feature vector construction apparatus 8 according to a fifth embodiment of the present application, where each unit included in the impact feature vector construction apparatus 8 is used to perform each step in the embodiment corresponding to fig. 2. Refer specifically to the description of the corresponding embodiment in fig. 2. Fig. 8 shows a schematic diagram of an impact feature vector construction apparatus 8, including:
a data acquisition module 81, configured to acquire target vibration data corresponding to the cylinder;
a separation module 82, configured to separate impact segment data from the target vibration data, where the impact segment data includes at least one of first impact segment data corresponding to the cylinder being in a blasting impact state, second impact segment data corresponding to the intake valve being in a closing impact state, third impact segment data corresponding to the exhaust valve being in a closing impact state, fourth impact segment data corresponding to the intake valve being in an open airflow impact state, and fifth impact segment data corresponding to the exhaust valve being in an open airflow impact state;
the vector construction module 83 is configured to construct an impact feature vector according to basic parameters of the impact segment data, where the basic parameters include at least one of a start angle, a duration angle, a root mean square, and a power spectral density of a waveform corresponding to the impact segment data, and the impact feature vector is used to diagnose an operating condition of the cylinder.
Further, the data acquisition module 81 is further configured to acquire N target vibration data of the cylinder in N working periods, where the N working periods are in one-to-one correspondence with the N target vibration data, and N is a positive integer.
Further, referring to fig. 9, a filter construction module 84 and a preprocessing module 85 are also included,
the data acquisition module 81 is further configured to acquire original vibration data corresponding to the cylinder;
the filter construction module is used for constructing a generalized multi-scale morphological filter based on the waveform structural characteristics of the original vibration data;
and the preprocessing module 85 is used for filtering the original vibration data based on the generalized multi-scale morphological filter to obtain the target vibration data.
Further, the separation module 82 includes a separation module 821 and an extraction module 822,
a separation sub-module 821 for separating impulse responses in the target vibration data;
an extraction module 822 for extracting the impact segment data from the impact response.
Further, the extracting module 822 is further configured to extract a cycle range of at least one working cycle included in the target vibration data according to a top dead center and a bottom dead center in the target vibration data; and according to the cycle range, extracting impact section data of a working cycle corresponding to the cycle range from the impact response.
Further, the vector construction module 85 is further configured to determine a start angle and an end angle in the impact segment data according to a top dead center and a bottom dead center of the waveform of the duty cycle; calculating a continuous angle of the impact segment data according to the starting angle and the ending angle; respectively calculating root mean square and power spectral density of the impact segment data based on time domain statistics and spectrum analysis; and constructing the impact characteristic vector according to the initial angle, the continuous angle, the root mean square and the power spectrum density of the impact section data.
The functional implementation of each module in the device 8 corresponds to each step in the embodiment of the method for constructing an impact feature vector, and the functions and implementation processes thereof are not described herein in detail.
Referring to fig. 10, fig. 10 is a schematic hardware structure of a terminal device 10 according to a seventh embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 10, the terminal device 10 of this embodiment includes: a processor 100, a memory 101 and a computer program 102, such as a video data processing program, stored in the memory 101 and executable on the processor 100. The processor 100, when executing the computer program 102, implements the steps of the various video data processing method embodiments described above, such as steps S1 to S4 shown in fig. 1. Alternatively, the processor 100 may perform the functions of the modules/units of the apparatus embodiments described above, such as the functions of the modules 81-85 of fig. 8, when executing the computer program 102.
Illustratively, the computer program 102 may be partitioned into one or more modules/units that are stored in the memory 101 and executed by the processor 100 to accomplish the present application. The one or more modules/units may be a series of computer program instruction segments capable of performing specific functions for describing the execution of the computer program 102 in the terminal device 10. For example, the computer program 102 may be divided into a data acquisition module, a split module vector construction module (being a module in a virtual device), each module specifically functioning as follows:
the data acquisition module is used for acquiring target vibration data corresponding to the air cylinder;
the separation module is used for separating impact section data from the target vibration data, wherein the impact section data comprises at least one of first impact section data corresponding to the state that the cylinder body is in a blasting impact state, second impact section data corresponding to the state that the air inlet valve is in a closing impact state, third impact section data corresponding to the state that the air outlet valve is in a closing impact state, fourth impact section data corresponding to the state that the air inlet valve is in an opening airflow impact state and fifth impact section data corresponding to the state that the air outlet valve is in an opening airflow impact state;
The vector construction module is used for constructing an impact characteristic vector according to basic parameters of the impact section data, wherein the basic parameters comprise at least one of a start angle, a continuous angle, a root mean square and a power spectrum density of a waveform corresponding to the impact section data, and the impact characteristic vector is used for diagnosing the working condition of the air cylinder.
The terminal device 10 may be a computing device such as a desktop computer, a notebook computer, a palm computer, a cloud transaction management platform, etc. The terminal device 10 may include, but is not limited to, a processor 100, a memory 101. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that fig. 5 is merely an example of the terminal device 10 and is not meant to be limiting of the terminal device 10, and may include more or fewer components than shown, or may combine certain components, or different components, e.g., the terminal device 10 may further include input and output devices, network access devices, buses, etc.
The processor 100 may be a central processing unit (Central Processing Unit, CPU), other general purpose processors, digital signal processors (Digital Signal Processor, DSP), application specific integrated circuits (Application Specific Integrated Circuit, ASIC), off-the-shelf programmable gate arrays (Field-Programmable Gate Array, FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, or the like. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may be any conventional processor or the like.
The memory 101 may be an internal storage unit of the terminal device 10, such as a hard disk or a memory of the terminal device 10. The memory 101 may also be an external storage device of the terminal device 10, such as a plug-in hard disk, a Smart Media Card (SMC), a Secure Digital (SD) Card, a Flash memory Card (Flash Card) or the like, which are provided on the terminal device 10. Further, the memory 101 may also include both an internal storage unit and an external storage device of the terminal device 10. The memory 101 is used for storing the computer program and other programs and data required by the terminal device 10. The memory 101 may also be used to temporarily store data that has been output or is to be output.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that, for convenience and brevity of description, only the above-described division of the functional units and modules is illustrated, and in practical application, the above-described functional distribution may be performed by different functional units and modules according to needs, i.e. the internal structure of the apparatus is divided into different functional units or modules to perform all or part of the above-described functions. The functional units and modules in the embodiment may be integrated in one processing unit, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units may be integrated in one unit, where the integrated units may be implemented in a form of hardware or a form of a software functional unit. In addition, the specific names of the functional units and modules are only for distinguishing from each other, and are not used for limiting the protection scope of the present application. The specific working process of the units and modules in the above system may refer to the corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiment, which is not described herein again.
In the foregoing embodiments, the descriptions of the embodiments are emphasized, and in part, not described or illustrated in any particular embodiment, reference is made to the related descriptions of other embodiments.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the various illustrative elements and algorithm steps described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, or combinations of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the solution. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present application.
In the embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus/terminal device and method may be implemented in other manners. For example, the apparatus/terminal device embodiments described above are merely illustrative, e.g., the division of the modules or units is merely a logical function division, and there may be additional divisions in actual implementation, e.g., multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted or not performed. Alternatively, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed with each other may be an indirect coupling or communication connection via some interfaces, devices or units, which may be in electrical, mechanical or other form.
The units described as separate units may or may not be physically separate, and units shown as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.
In addition, each functional unit in the embodiments of the present application may be integrated in one processing unit, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units may be integrated in one unit. The integrated units may be implemented in hardware or in software functional units.
The integrated modules/units, if implemented in the form of software functional units and sold or used as stand-alone products, may be stored in a computer readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the present application may implement all or part of the flow of the method of the above embodiment, or may be implemented by a computer program to instruct related hardware, where the computer program may be stored in a readable storage medium, and the computer program may implement the steps of each method embodiment described above when executed by a processor. Wherein the computer program comprises computer program code which may be in source code form, object code form, executable file or some intermediate form etc. The computer readable medium may include: any entity or device capable of carrying the computer program code, a recording medium, a U disk, a removable hard disk, a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a computer Memory, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a random access Memory (RAM, random Access Memory), an electrical carrier signal, a telecommunications signal, a software distribution medium, and so forth. It should be noted that the computer readable medium contains content that can be appropriately scaled according to the requirements of jurisdictions in which such content is subject to legislation and patent practice, such as in certain jurisdictions in which such content is subject to legislation and patent practice, the computer readable medium does not include electrical carrier signals and telecommunication signals.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the application is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the application.
Claims (8)
1. An impact feature vector construction method applied to a cylinder including a block, an intake valve, and an exhaust valve, the method comprising:
collecting target vibration data corresponding to the air cylinder;
separating impact section data from the target vibration data, wherein the impact section data comprises at least one of first impact section data corresponding to the explosion impact state of the cylinder body, second impact section data corresponding to the closing impact state of the air inlet valve, third impact section data corresponding to the closing impact state of the air outlet valve, fourth impact section data corresponding to the opening airflow impact state of the air inlet valve and fifth impact section data corresponding to the opening airflow impact state of the air outlet valve;
constructing an impact characteristic vector according to basic parameters of the impact section data, wherein the basic parameters comprise at least one of a start angle, a continuous angle, a root mean square and a power spectral density of a waveform corresponding to the impact section data, and the impact characteristic vector is used for diagnosing the working condition of the air cylinder;
The collecting the target vibration data corresponding to the cylinder comprises the following steps:
collecting original vibration data corresponding to the air cylinder;
determining a target structural element matched with the waveform structural feature of the target vibration data;
constructing a height sequence and a width sequence of the target structural element according to the waveform structural characteristics of the original vibration data;
according to a preset evaluation index, respectively selecting a target height value and a target width value which meet the preset evaluation index from the height sequence and the width sequence;
constructing a generalized multi-scale morphological filter corresponding to the target structural element based on the target height value and the target width value;
and filtering the original vibration data based on the generalized multi-scale morphological filter to obtain the target vibration data.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the acquiring the target vibration data corresponding to the cylinder comprises:
and collecting N target vibration data of the cylinder in N working periods, wherein the N working periods correspond to the N target vibration data one by one, and N is a positive integer.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein said separating impact segment data from said target vibration data comprises:
Separating the impulse response in the target vibration data;
and extracting the impact segment data according to the impact response.
4. A method according to claim 3, said extracting said impact segment data from said impact response comprising:
extracting a cycle range of at least one working cycle contained in the target vibration data according to a top dead center and a bottom dead center in the target vibration data;
and according to the cycle range, extracting impact section data of a working cycle corresponding to the cycle range from the impact response.
5. The method of claim 4, constructing an impact feature vector from the base parameters of the impact segment data, comprising:
determining a start angle and an end angle in the impact section data according to the top dead center and the bottom dead center of the waveform of the working period;
calculating a continuous angle of the impact segment data according to the starting angle and the ending angle;
respectively calculating root mean square and power spectral density of the impact segment data based on time domain statistics and spectrum analysis;
and constructing the impact characteristic vector according to the initial angle, the continuous angle, the root mean square and the power spectrum density of the impact section data.
6. An impact feature vector construction apparatus, characterized by being applied to a cylinder including a cylinder body, an intake valve, and an exhaust valve, comprising:
The data acquisition module is used for acquiring target vibration data corresponding to the air cylinder, and the acquisition of the target vibration data corresponding to the air cylinder comprises the following steps:
collecting original vibration data corresponding to the air cylinder;
determining a target structural element matched with the waveform structural feature of the target vibration data;
constructing a height sequence and a width sequence of the target structural element according to the waveform structural characteristics of the original vibration data;
according to a preset evaluation index, respectively selecting a target height value and a target width value which meet the preset evaluation index from the height sequence and the width sequence;
constructing a generalized multi-scale morphological filter corresponding to the target structural element based on the target height value and the target width value;
filtering the original vibration data based on the generalized multi-scale morphological filter to obtain the target vibration data;
the separation module is used for separating impact section data from the target vibration data, wherein the impact section data comprises at least one of first impact section data corresponding to the state that the cylinder body is in a blasting impact state, second impact section data corresponding to the state that the air inlet valve is in a closing impact state, third impact section data corresponding to the state that the air outlet valve is in a closing impact state, fourth impact section data corresponding to the state that the air inlet valve is in an opening airflow impact state and fifth impact section data corresponding to the state that the air outlet valve is in an opening airflow impact state;
The construction module is used for constructing an impact characteristic vector according to basic parameters of the impact section data, wherein the basic parameters comprise at least one of a start angle, a continuous angle, a root mean square and a power spectrum density of a waveform corresponding to the impact section data, and the impact characteristic vector is used for diagnosing the working condition of the air cylinder.
7. A terminal device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that the processor implements the method according to any of claims 1 to 5 when executing the computer program.
8. A computer readable storage medium storing a computer program, characterized in that the computer program when executed by a processor implements the method according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
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