CN111624785A - Method for improving backlight illumination uniformity based on backlight three-dimensional display device - Google Patents
Method for improving backlight illumination uniformity based on backlight three-dimensional display device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving backlight illumination uniformity based on a backlight three-dimensional display device, aiming at the problem that the backlight illumination uniformity is improved due to the fact that the backlight illumination intensity distribution is uneven, the light source spacing of a backlight system is optimally adjusted, a certain gray level distribution pattern is applied to a spatial light modulator window, and the illumination distribution of a backlight illumination area after light beams are diffused achieves a state of good uniformity. The invention can effectively eliminate the dark area generated on the backlight illumination surface due to the uneven distribution of the unit illumination intensity of the light source by the optimized adjustment of the light source space of the backlight system; the pattern with certain gray distribution is applied on the window of the spatial light modulator, and the light beam passing through the linear lens is modulated, so that the light intensity of the diffused light beam reaches the expected uniform distribution, the backlight illumination uniformity of the backlight three-dimensional display device is ensured to be good, and the display effect of the backlight three-dimensional display device is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of image display, and particularly relates to a backlight uniformity improving method of a backlight three-dimensional display device.
Background
The stereoscopic display technology is the mainstream development direction of the future display technology, and one of the most extensive and fundamental applications of the technology is a stereoscopic display method based on parallax images. Because the left eye and the right eye of a person are in different positions in a world coordinate system, the left eye and the right eye acquire parallax images with different position information through a certain method, so that the brain acquires the spatial position information, and the aim of three-dimensional display is fulfilled.
At present, the widely applied stereoscopic display technology needs to be realized by 3D glasses worn by viewers, however, with the research of theory and the progress of technology, the naked-eye 3D display technology gradually becomes the mainstream of the development of the future stereoscopic display technology, that is, a technology that allows viewers to perceive image depth information without wearing a vision-aid device. At present, the mainstream realization technology mainly comprises three technologies, namely a cylindrical lens array, a vision barrier grating and a directional backlight technology. The 3D display device based on the directional backlight technology mainly comprises a backlight source, a lens array and a transmission type image display unit.
However, the current directional backlight stereoscopic display technology still has some technical defects, such as high spatial crosstalk, Mura, and the like. Mura, the phenomenon of uneven illumination distribution, is a common problem of uneven illumination in the display field. In the backlight stereoscopic display device, most of the used backlight sources are small-sized LED light sources, and the spatial illumination intensity distribution of LEDs inherently has the phenomenon of uneven brightness in the middle and dark edges, and such uneven illumination intensity directly causes uneven backlight distribution of the system after the illumination intensity is diffused through each optical structure of the system. Meanwhile, optical structures such as linear lenses and diffusion films in the system have secondary influence on the light distribution of the light source. Aiming at the problem, the invention provides a method which has universal significance and is practical for eliminating bright and dark stripes in backlight illumination and improving the backlight uniformity.
Fig. 1 shows a conventional directional backlight stereoscopic display device, in which a backlight array includes a plurality of light source units 111-113, and light emitted from the light source units passes through a lens array 120, a linear diffusion film 130 and an image display unit 140 and reaches a viewing area 150. It should be noted that in the directional backlight illumination device shown in fig. 1, the light source unit has non-uniform light energy distribution in the space along the main optical axis direction thereof, and the uniformity of backlight illumination uniformity thereof is poor after passing through the non-ideal lens and the linear diffusion film.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of the illumination intensity of two light source units of the conventional backlight stereoscopic display device. It can be seen that there is a significant dark area between the backlight illumination areas of the two light source units and a lower brightness at the diffuse beam interface of the two light source unitsValue, set its corresponding gray value as GEageHere, the center of the dark area, which macroscopically is recognized by the human eye as a black stripe. The central brightness of the diffused light beam is set as G corresponding to the gray valueMaxDue to GMax>>GEageThe backlight illumination area will have periodic dark areas.
Disclosure of Invention
1. Objects of the invention
In order to overcome the defects of bright and dark areas and poor uniformity of backlight illumination of the conventional directional backlight three-dimensional display device, the invention provides a method for improving the uniformity of backlight illumination based on the backlight three-dimensional display device, which enables the illumination distribution of a backlight illumination area after light beams are diffused to achieve a state of good uniformity when the backlight illumination is improved to be uneven due to uneven illumination intensity distribution of a backlight source.
2. The technical scheme adopted by the invention
The invention discloses a method for improving backlight illumination uniformity based on a backlight three-dimensional display device, which is characterized in that when the backlight illumination uniformity is improved due to the fact that the backlight illumination intensity distribution is uneven, the light source interval and the light source line interval of a backlight system are adjusted, and then a spatial light modulator window with a certain gray level distribution pattern is applied, so that the illumination distribution of a backlight illumination area after light beams are diffused reaches a state of good uniformity.
In a further specific embodiment, a backlight illumination image of the backlight stereoscopic display system needs to be acquired at the central position of the visual area, and the backlight illumination of the backlight stereoscopic display system is equalized by using a gray value in the range of [0, 255], so as to obtain a gray distribution, and then a fitting curve formula of the gray with respect to the pixel coordinate is obtained by using polynomial fitting or gaussian fitting and the like.
In a further specific embodiment, it is assumed that the intensity distribution of the diffused light beam in the direction perpendicular to the diffusion direction after passing through the lens, the spatial light modulator, and the diffusion film is substantially uniform for each actual light source unit.
In a further specific embodiment, the light source interval of the backlight system is optimally adjusted, and the light intensity distribution at the junction of the diffused light beams of the two light source units needs to be analyzed first, and the light source interval is determined and adjusted to be reasonable so that the two light source units have a superposition area, and the dark area in front of the light source units is eliminated.
In a further embodiment, a spatial light modulator window array of a particular gray scale distribution pattern is added to modulate light emitted from the backlight unit to convert the known gray scale distribution to a desired uniform distribution. The modulation principle of the spatial light modulator window to the backlight source has two alternatives:
the first scheme is as follows: the transmittance of the spatial light modulator window is adjusted. Regarding the method of changing the transmittance of the spatial light modulator and the distribution of the gray values on the final backlight illumination surface, it can be considered that the following relationship is satisfied:
F(i)=K(i)SLM(i)
F′(i)=K(i)SLM′(i)
wherein K(i)SLM representing the transmittance of the system to pixel i position(i)Representing the gray value F of the pixel point i corresponding to the current spatial light modulator unit(i)Representing the gray value of the pixel point i on the current backlight illumination surface; SLM'(i)Representing the gray scale value, F ', of pixel point i corresponding to the spatial light modulator unit under the desired backlight illumination'(i)Representing the gray value at pixel point i on the backlight illumination surface at the desired backlight illumination.
Scheme II: the light transmission area of the spatial light modulator window is adjusted. When the transmittance of the window is 100%, the light transmission area is considered to be in proportion to the gray scale value on the final backlight illumination surface, so that the total number of pixels (window width) in each row of the spatial light modulator window unit is considered to have the following relationship with the gray scale value on the final backlight illumination surface:
F(i)=S(i)Pix(i)
F′(i)=S(i)Pix′(i)
wherein S(i)Scale factor, Pix, representing the ith row of pixels of the spatial light modulator(i)Indicating the current spatial light modulator window unitTotal number of pixels in ith row, F(i)Representing the gray value of the pixel point i on the current backlight illumination surface; pix'(i)Representing the total number of pixels, F ', in the ith row of a spatial light modulator window unit at the desired backlight illumination'(i)Representing the gray value at pixel point i on the backlight illumination surface at the desired backlight illumination.
In a further specific embodiment, taking the adjustment of the pitch of the light source units in the same row as an example, let the gray scale value of the edge of the diffused light beam in the horizontal direction (x-axis direction) corresponding to one light source unit, i.e. the lowest gray scale value of the dark area, be GEage。GEageCorresponding two pixel coordinates x0、x′0I.e. the edge pixel point of the diffused light beam corresponding to the light source unit in the horizontal direction (x axis), x0、x′0、x1、x′1...xn、x′nThe pixel coordinates of n light source units in the same row are represented, and obviously in the original system, the pixel coordinates are expressed by x0Is taken as a starting point and x'nIs an endpoint, and has:
x′n-1=xn
in order to eliminate the black stripes and dark areas in front of the light source units in the same row, the distance between the two light source units is adjusted to make the two have an overlapped area. G 'is'ALet β be G 'for the gray value corresponding to the maximum light intensity in the middle of the expected overlapping region'AAnd GMaxThe proportionality coefficient satisfies:
G′A=β·GMax
G′A=2G4
can find GAThen, the corresponding pixel coordinate x is obtained by utilizing a gray distribution formulaA. The distance between the light source units in the same row of the original system is set as D0Then a corresponding pitch D 'is desired'0In order to realize the purpose,
in a further specific embodiment, if the lifting ratio of the lowest brightness to the original maximum brightness in the dark region is a, the following steps are performed:
3. technical beneficial effects of the invention
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that under the condition of not changing the existing linear lens structure, bright and dark stripes on backlight patterns at a position of a backlight source far away from the linear lens structure and the diffusion film are effectively eliminated, the backlight illumination uniformity of the backlight stereoscopic display device is ensured to be good, and the display effect of the backlight stereoscopic display device is improved.
Drawings
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention is provided in conjunction with the appended drawings, in which:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a basic structure of a conventional backlight stereoscopic display device.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of the illumination intensity of two light source units of the conventional backlight stereoscopic display device.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the principle of superposition of the overall gray-scale distribution after the adjustment of the interval of the light sources in the row.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a backlit stereoscopic display device incorporating an array of spatial light modulators having a particular gray scale distribution pattern.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a principle of modifying the gray scale of a window of a spatial light modulator according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
100: existing stereoscopic display devices; 110: a backlight array; 111-113 light source units; 120: a lens array; 130: a linear diffusion membrane; 140: an image display unit; 150: a field of view; 151-153: a visual area unit; 200: the backlight three-dimensional display device provided by the embodiment of the invention; 210: a backlight array; 211 to 213 light source units; 220: an array of spatial light modulators; 221: a spatial light modulator window unit; 230: a lens array; 231: a lens unit; 240: a linear diffusion membrane; 250: an image display unit; 260: a field of view; 261-262: and a visual area unit.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
example 1
Fig. 3 shows a method for improving the uniformity of backlight illumination of a backlit stereoscopic display device by adjusting the light source spacing and the light source row spacing in the same row. The image display unit of the existing backlight stereoscopic display device is photographed by a camera fixed at the center of the system view area 150 when displaying a full white image, and the obtained image is subjected to gray extraction. Set the range of gray scale values to [0, 255%]The gray value corresponding to the maximum light intensity corresponding to the original system light source unit is GMax=255。
Assuming that the light intensity distribution of the light emitted from each light source unit in any plane passing through the principal optical axis thereof is approximated to a gaussian curve, the light intensity distribution of the diffused light beam in the direction perpendicular to the diffusion direction after passing through the lens, the spatial light modulator and the diffusion film for each actual light source unit can be approximated by a portion of a gaussian curve.
Let G be the gray value of the edge of the diffused light beam corresponding to one light source unit, i.e. the lowest gray value of the dark areaEage。GEageCorresponding two pixel coordinates x0、x′0I.e. the edge pixel point of the diffused light beam corresponding to the light source unit in the horizontal direction (x axis), x0、x′0、x1、x′1...xn、x′nThe pixel coordinates of n light source units in the same row are represented, and obviously in the original system, the pixel coordinates are expressed by x0Is taken as a starting point and x'nIs an endpoint, and has:
x′n-1=xn
in order to eliminate the black stripes and dark areas in front of the light source units in the same row, the distance between the two light source units is adjusted to make the two have an overlapped area. G 'is'ALet β be G 'for the gray value corresponding to the maximum light intensity in the middle of the expected overlapping region'AAnd GMaxThe proportionality coefficient satisfies:
G′A=β·GMax
G′A=2GA
in this example, G can be obtained by exemplifying β being 0.954AThen from GAObtaining corresponding pixel coordinate x by fitting curve of gray distributionA. The distance between the light source units in the same row of the original system is set as D0Then a corresponding pitch D 'is desired'0Comprises the following steps:
adjusting the pitch of the two light source units to D'0And then, the middle central gray level of the superposition area is G'AThe entire gradation curve at this time is shown by the chain line in fig. 3.
The lifting ratio A of the lowest brightness of the dark area to the original maximum brightness is set as:
and obtaining 70.4% of A, and combining the whole gray curve to know that the dark area between the light sources in the same row is basically eliminated. At this time, the maximum value of the entire gradation curve is G'MaxG 'may occur'MaxThe case > 255 indicates that the maximum brightness of the backlight is improved after the pitch of the light source units is adjusted.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a backlight stereoscopic display device after a spatial light modulator array with a specific gray scale distribution pattern is added, wherein a spatial light modulator window unit 221 and a light source unit 221 are in a corresponding relationship, a linear diffusion film has a certain diffusion direction, and a two-dimensional lens is used in the lens array. When the light source pitch and the light source line pitch were adjusted, the lowest luminance in the dark region was significantly increased, but G'AAnd G'MaxThere are still some differences and there is still some transition area between them, which also causes the illumination non-uniformity phenomenon, and the intensity distribution of the backlight illumination needs further modulation by the spatial light modulator.
A spatial light modulator window incorporating a particular gray scale distribution pattern modulates the known gray scale distribution to achieve the desired uniform distribution. Here, regarding the method of changing the transmittance of the spatial light modulator and the gray-scale value distribution on the final backlight illumination surface, it can be considered that the following relationship is satisfied:
F(i)=K(i)SLM(i)
F′(i)=K(i)SLM′(i)
wherein K(i)SLM representing the transmittance of the system to pixel i position(i)Representing the gray value F of the pixel point i corresponding to the current spatial light modulator unit(i)Representing the gray value of the pixel point i on the current backlight illumination surface; SLM'(i)Representing the gray scale value, F ', of pixel point i corresponding to the spatial light modulator unit under the desired backlight illumination'(i)Representing the gray value at pixel point i on the backlight illumination surface at the desired backlight illumination.
Due to K(i)Is a fixed parameter of the optical system, and can also be regarded as the transmittance of the spatial light modulator at the pixel point i and the SLM(i)Are equivalent. In this example, [0, G'Max]Is mapped to 0, 255]In, then F'(i)At [0, 255]Taking internal value to obtain F(i)Then, desired F 'is set'(i)From the above formula, the SLM 'to be changed can be obtained'(i)。
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a principle of modifying the gray scale of a window of a spatial light modulator according to an embodiment of the present invention. In the present example, F 'is set'(i)205, the gray scale values corresponding to the desired light intensity of the illumination surface are all 205. The straight line in the graph represents the original gray value distribution curve of the corresponding light intensity of the illumination surface, namely F(i)Curve line. At SLM(i)SLM 'is calculated by the above formula under the condition of 255'(i)The curve is shown in dotted lines in fig. 5. To SLM'(i)The curve is projected in the vertical direction to the spatial light modulator window, the system can theoretically achieve the desired backlight intensity distribution.
It should be noted that, in order to achieve uniform backlight illumination, the step of modifying the window gray scale of the spatial light modulator provided by the present invention needs to pay attention to the expansionThe lowest gray value G in the scattered light beam pixel pointsEageAnd G isEageThis has been effectively improved by the method shown in example 1, and the method provided by the present invention is theoretically effective in bringing the backlight illuminance distribution near the desired value.
In summary, the method for improving backlight illumination uniformity based on the backlight stereoscopic display device provided by the invention provides an effective quantitative method for modulating the light source spacing in the backlight array in the backlight stereoscopic display device, can accurately calculate the light source spacing suitable for the original system without changing the light source device, and has the characteristics of high accuracy and strong operability; the spatial light modulator window with a certain gray scale distribution pattern and the generation method can modulate the illumination intensity of the light beam emitted by the backlight source in space under the condition of not changing the optical structure of the original backlight three-dimensional display device. Meanwhile, the two proposed modulation schemes of the spatial light modulator window for the backlight light beam have the characteristics of wide application range and easiness in operation in principle, and both the two modulation schemes can improve the backlight illumination uniformity of the backlight three-dimensional display device and have the advantages of low cost and high efficiency.
The above embodiment is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the embodiment of the present invention is not limited by the above embodiment, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be regarded as equivalent replacements, which are included in the protection scope of the present invention, for example, G 'in embodiment 1'AAnd GMaxThe scaling factor β in the first embodiment 2 is adjustable according to actual conditions, and the spatial light modulator window can also be set by using the principle in the second embodiment.
Claims (7)
1. A method for improving backlight illumination uniformity based on a backlight three-dimensional display device is characterized in that: when the backlight illumination intensity distribution is uneven, which leads to the improvement of uneven backlight illumination, the light source spacing of a backlight system is optimally adjusted, and a certain gray level distribution pattern is applied on a spatial light modulator window, so that the illumination distribution of a backlight illumination area after light beam diffusion reaches a state of good uniformity;
2. the method for improving backlight illumination uniformity based on the backlit stereoscopic display device of claim 1, wherein: acquiring a backlight illumination image of a backlight three-dimensional display system at the central position of a visual area, representing the backlight illumination of the backlight three-dimensional display system by using a gray value with the range of [0, 255], acquiring a gray value corresponding to each pixel along a certain direction on the image to obtain gray distribution in the direction, and obtaining a fitting curve formula of the gray level with respect to pixel coordinates by using modes such as polynomial fitting or Gaussian fitting;
3. the method for improving backlight illumination uniformity based on the backlit stereoscopic display device of claim 1, wherein: assuming that the light intensity distribution of the diffused light beam of each actual light source unit after passing through the lens, the spatial light modulator and the diffusion film along the direction perpendicular to the diffusion direction is substantially uniform;
4. the method for improving backlight illumination uniformity based on the backlit stereoscopic display device of claim 1, wherein: the light source interval of the backlight system is optimally adjusted, the light intensity distribution at the junction of the diffused light beams of the two light source units is analyzed, and the reasonable light source unit interval is calculated and adjusted to ensure that the two light source units have a superposition area, so that a dark area in front of the light source units is eliminated;
5. the method for improving backlight illumination uniformity based on the backlit stereoscopic display device of claim 1, wherein: a spatial light modulator window array with a specific gray distribution pattern is added to modulate the light emitted by the backlight unit, so that the known gray distribution is converted into the expected uniform distribution. The modulation principle of the spatial light modulator window on the light intensity distribution of the backlight source has two alternatives:
the first scheme is as follows: the transmittance of the spatial light modulator window is adjusted. Regarding the modulation method of the transmittance of the spatial light modulator and the gray value distribution on the final backlight illumination surface, it can be considered that the following relationship is satisfied:
F(i)=K(i)SLM(i)
F′(i)=K(i)SLM′(i)
wherein K(i)SLM representing the transmittance of the system to pixel i position(i)Representing the gray value F of the pixel point i corresponding to the current spatial light modulator unit(i)Representing the gray value of the pixel point i on the current backlight illumination surface; SLM'(i)Representing the gray scale value, F ', of pixel point i corresponding to the spatial light modulator unit under the desired backlight illumination'(i)Representing the gray value at pixel point i on the backlight illumination surface at the desired backlight illumination;
scheme II: the light transmission area of the spatial light modulator window is adjusted. When the transmittance of the window is 100%, the light transmission area is considered to be in proportion to the gray scale value on the final backlight illumination surface, so that the total number of pixels (window width) in each row of the spatial light modulator window unit is considered to have the following relationship with the gray scale value on the final backlight illumination surface:
F(i)=S(i)Pix(i)
F′(i)=S(i)Pix′(i)
wherein S(i)Scale factor, Pix, representing the ith row of pixels of the spatial light modulator(i)Representing the total number of pixels in the ith row of the window unit of the current spatial light modulator, F(i)Representing the gray value of the pixel point i on the current backlight illumination surface; pix'(i)Representing the total number of pixels, F ', in row i of a spatial light modulator Window Unit at the desired backlight illumination'(i)Representing the gray value at pixel point i on the backlight illumination surface at the desired backlight illumination;
6. the method for improving backlight illumination uniformity based on the backlit stereoscopic display device of claim 4, wherein: setting the gray value of the edge of the diffused light beam corresponding to one light source unit in the horizontal direction (x-axis direction)I.e. the lowest grey value of the dark zone is GEage。GEageCorresponding two pixel coordinates x0、x′0Is the edge pixel point of the diffused light beam corresponding to the light source unit in the horizontal direction (x axis)0、x′0、x1、x′1...xn、x′nThe pixel coordinates of n light source units in the same row are expressed, and obviously in the original system, the pixel coordinates are expressed by x0Is taken as a starting point and x'nIs an endpoint, and has:
x′n-1=xn
g 'is'ALet β be G 'for the gray value corresponding to the maximum light intensity in the middle of the expected overlapping region'AAnd GMaxThe proportionality coefficient satisfies:
G′A=β·GMax
G′A=2GA
from GAObtaining corresponding pixel coordinate x by utilizing gray distributionA. The distance between the light source units in the same row of the original system is set as D0Then a corresponding pitch D 'is desired'0Comprises the following steps:
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