CN111624663A - Method for solving coal bed transverse wave velocity based on three-dimensional earthquake and channel wave data - Google Patents

Method for solving coal bed transverse wave velocity based on three-dimensional earthquake and channel wave data Download PDF

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CN111624663A
CN111624663A CN202010672536.3A CN202010672536A CN111624663A CN 111624663 A CN111624663 A CN 111624663A CN 202010672536 A CN202010672536 A CN 202010672536A CN 111624663 A CN111624663 A CN 111624663A
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wave velocity
longitudinal wave
longitudinal
velocity
fitting
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CN111624663B (en
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罗忠琴
刘最亮
刘鹏
孟凡彬
郎玉泉
袁伟娜
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Research Institute of Coal Geophysical Exploration of China National Administration of Coal Geology
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/40—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting specially adapted for well-logging
    • G01V1/44—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting specially adapted for well-logging using generators and receivers in the same well
    • G01V1/48—Processing data
    • G01V1/50—Analysing data
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
    • G01V2210/60—Analysis
    • G01V2210/61—Analysis by combining or comparing a seismic data set with other data
    • G01V2210/616—Data from specific type of measurement
    • G01V2210/6169—Data from specific type of measurement using well-logging
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
    • G01V2210/60—Analysis
    • G01V2210/62—Physical property of subsurface
    • G01V2210/622—Velocity, density or impedance
    • G01V2210/6222—Velocity; travel time
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
    • G01V2210/60—Analysis
    • G01V2210/62—Physical property of subsurface
    • G01V2210/624—Reservoir parameters

Abstract

The invention provides a method for solving coal bed transverse wave velocity based on three-dimensional earthquake and channel wave data, which comprises the following steps: calculating the transverse wave velocity V of the coal bedS1And first longitudinal wave velocity V of surrounding rockP1(ii) a Logging data V from longitudinal wave velocityPAnd a three-dimensional seismic data volume to obtain the longitudinal wave velocity of the three-dimensional earthquake; extracting to obtain a second longitudinal wave velocity V of the surrounding rock in the exploration range of the channel waveP2Third longitudinal wave velocity V with coal seamP3(ii) a To VP1And VP2Fitting to obtain a fitting relation Y1Through Y1Will VP2And VP3Conversion into downhole longitudinal waves VP2 *、VP3 *(ii) a To VS1And VP3 *Fitting to obtain a fitting relation Y2Through Y2Will VP3 *Conversion into downhole transverse wave VS3 *(ii) a Judging V in the exploration range of the tank waveS1And VS3 *Correlation of, e.g. determinationIf the correlation is good, fitting the relation Y1,Y2The method can be used for conversion calculation of the ground longitudinal wave velocity and the underground transverse wave velocity.

Description

Method for solving coal bed transverse wave velocity based on three-dimensional earthquake and channel wave data
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of coal exploration, in particular to a method for solving the transverse wave velocity of a coal bed, which is applied to the detection of geological anomalies which are sensitive to the transverse waves in the coal bed, such as water-bearing zone breakage, gas enrichment, tectonic coal development and the like.
Background
The channel wave exploration is widely applied to coal mines, the longitudinal wave speed of the coal seam surrounding rock can be accurately obtained through the first arrival of the channel waves, and the transverse wave speed of the coal seam can be accurately obtained through the high-frequency channel waves. The accuracy of the groove wave exploration fracture abnormity is far higher than that of the conventional three-dimensional earthquake.
However, the channel wave exploration can only be carried out in the range of a working face with a completely opened roadway, so the channel wave coverage is very limited. At present, three-dimensional seismic exploration is basically full of production mines, and the prediction precision of a fracture water-bearing zone, a gas enrichment zone and a tectonic coal development zone can be effectively improved through inversion work such as prestack elastic parameter inversion and AVO inversion. However, the existing coal field well logging data generally lack transverse wave well logging data, and for the missing transverse wave speed, the existing main obtaining method is to calculate according to various empirical formulas, and the empirical formulas are not suitable for the coal seam, which greatly affects the accuracy of pre-stack elastic parameter inversion and AVO inversion results, and causes the prediction accuracy of geological anomalies (such as water-bearing zone breakage, gas enrichment, structural coal development and the like) developing in the coal seam to be greatly reduced.
Summarizing, the channel wave seismic data can accurately calculate the coal bed transverse wave velocity and the surrounding rock longitudinal wave velocity in the channel wave data range, but the channel wave seismic data range is generally smaller; the existing coal field logging data generally lack transverse wave logging data; the existing shear wave velocity curve calculated by an empirical formula has low precision and has adverse effect on an inversion result.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to effectively solve the technical problem of accurately solving the transverse wave velocity data of the underground coal seam, the invention provides a method for solving the transverse wave velocity of the coal seam based on three-dimensional earthquake and tank wave data, which can achieve the following effects: the accuracy of the transverse wave velocity data of the coal seam is improved, the accuracy of the inversion result is improved, and the prediction accuracy of geological anomalies (such as water bearing zone breakage, gas enrichment, tectonic coal development and the like) developing in the coal seam is improved.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for solving the coal bed transverse wave velocity based on three-dimensional earthquake and channel wave data comprises the following steps:
s1, obtaining the transverse wave velocity V of the coal seam based on the trough wave dataS1And first longitudinal wave velocity V of surrounding rockP1；
S2, logging data V according to longitudinal wave velocityPAnd a three-dimensional seismic data volume to obtain longitudinal wave velocity;
s3, extracting and obtaining a second longitudinal wave velocity V of the surrounding rock in the groove wave exploration range through different time window rangesP2Third longitudinal wave velocity V with coal seamP3；
S4, aiming at the first longitudinal wave velocity VP1And said second longitudinal wave velocity VP2Fitting to obtain VP1And VP2Fitting relation of (A) Y1By the relation Y1Second longitudinal wave velocity VP2And a third longitudinal wave velocity VP3Conversion into downhole longitudinal waves VP2 *、VP3 *；
S5, adjusting the transverse wave velocity VS1And said downhole longitudinal wave VP3 *Fitting to obtain VS1And VP3 *Fitting relation of (A) Y2By the relation Y2The downhole longitudinal wave V is formedP3 *Conversion into downhole transverse wave VS3 *；
S6, judging the coal bed transverse wave velocity V in the exploration range of the tank waveS1And the calculated transverse wave velocity VS3 *If the correlation is good, fitting the relation Y1，Y2Can be used for the ground longitudinal wave velocity and the underground transverse wave velocityConversion calculation of degree; if the correlation is poor, Y is needed1，Y2Making an adjustment until VS3 *And VS1Controlling the error within the required precision range;
s7 using fitting relation Y1、Y2Measuring the longitudinal wave velocity V of the three-dimensional earthquake coal bed in the three-dimensional earthquake rangePConverted into transverse wave velocity V of coal bedS *。
Logging data V according to velocity of longitudinal wave as described in S2PAnd a three-dimensional seismic data volume, obtaining longitudinal wave velocity, specifically: obtaining a longitudinal wave velocity body of the three-dimensional earthquake by using a prestack inversion technology, wherein the prestack inversion technology comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) superposing the shot-geophone offset parts of the CRP gathers subjected to amplitude preservation: because the prestack elastic interference is related to the incident angle, only after the prestack gather angle limits in different offset ranges are superposed, the seismic data volume related to the incident angle can be generated for the inversion process;
(2) analyzing and preparing logging data: in order to extract the change of the velocity on the earthquake, only 1 well is used for calibrating the earthquake data, the well has longitudinal wave velocity and density logging, and the transverse wave velocity is calculated by selecting an Xu-White model;
(3) wavelet extraction: the wavelets are extracted from the full-stack section and more than three partial-stack sections;
(4) and (3) performing longitudinal and transverse wave joint inversion: and (3) establishing a geological model by using the results of horizon and structure interpretation, and calculating the required longitudinal wave velocity parameters by using the elastic impedance curve obtained by using part of the stacked seismic data and the logging curve and the extracted seismic wavelets for joint solution.
Through different time window ranges, extracting and obtaining a second longitudinal wave velocity V of the surrounding rock in the exploration range of the channel waveP2Third longitudinal wave velocity V with coal seamP3For the first longitudinal wave velocity VP1And said second longitudinal wave velocity VP2Fitting to obtain VP1And VP2Fitting relation of (A) Y1The concrete meanings are as follows: due to the nature of the channel exploration, it is necessary to determine the velocity of longitudinal waves in the surrounding rockEffective propagation distance is determined, the time window size of the seismic exploration data longitudinal wave velocity extraction is determined, and the surrounding rock longitudinal wave velocity in the three-dimensional seismic data, namely the second longitudinal wave velocity V in the tank wave exploration range, can be extracted under the conditions of different time windows (such as from a target coal bed to 5ms upwards, from the target coal bed to 10ms upwards, from the target coal bed to 15ms upwards, from the target coal bed to 20ms upwards, from the target coal bed to 10ms downwards, from the target coal bed to 20ms downwards and the like)p2Then extracting V under different time windowsP2And VP1Fitting, and selecting Y with highest correlation coefficient1The corresponding time window is the optimal time window.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the method is simple to implement, strong in operability and small in calculated coal bed transverse wave speed error;
(2) the invention provides a method for accurately calculating the transverse wave velocity of an underground coal seam for a mine which only has channel wave and three-dimensional seismic exploration data but does not have transverse wave logging;
(3) the invention provides a new idea for the combined exploration of the channel waves and the three-dimensional earthquake.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows Y in S4 according to an embodiment of the present invention1A schematic diagram of formula fitting;
FIG. 2 shows Y in S5 according to an embodiment of the present invention2A schematic diagram of formula fitting;
FIG. 3 shows a graph of V transformed according to an embodiment of the present inventionS3 *V obtained by exploration with channel wavesS1Schematic diagram of absolute error distribution of (1);
FIG. 4 shows a graph of V transformed according to an embodiment of the present inventionS3 *V obtained by exploration with channel wavesS1Schematic diagram of relative error distribution.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, characteristics and effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described below with reference to the specific embodiments.
The embodiment provides a method for calculating the transverse wave velocity of a coal seam based on three-dimensional earthquake and channel wave data, which is implemented by 7 main steps, and is described below with reference to an example:
1. obtaining the coal bed transverse wave velocity V according to the channel wave dataS1And longitudinal wave velocity V of surrounding rockP1，VS1And VP1Typically provided by a tank wave exploration unit;
2. the longitudinal wave velocity of the three-dimensional earthquake is obtained through a prestack inversion technology, and the technical process of prestack inversion comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) superposing the shot-geophone offset parts of the CRP gathers subjected to amplitude preservation: because the prestack elastic interference is related to the incident angle, only after the prestack gather angle limits in different offset ranges are superposed, the seismic data volume related to the incident angle can be generated for the inversion process;
(2) analyzing and preparing logging data: in order to extract the change of the velocity on the earthquake, only one well is used for calibrating the earthquake data, the well has longitudinal wave velocity and density logging, and the transverse wave velocity is calculated by selecting an Xu-White model;
(3) wavelet extraction: the wavelets are extracted from the full-stack profile and more than three partial-stack profiles, and the extraction method is the prior art and is not described in detail;
(4) and (3) performing longitudinal and transverse wave joint inversion: establishing a geological model by using the results of horizon and structure interpretation, and calculating a required longitudinal wave velocity parameter by using the elastic impedance curve obtained by using part of stacked seismic data and a logging curve and the extracted seismic wavelets in a joint solution manner, wherein the calculation method is the prior art and is not described in detail;
3. due to the characteristics of the groove wave exploration, the effective propagation distance of the longitudinal wave velocity in the surrounding rock needs to be determined to determine the time window size of the extraction of the longitudinal wave velocity of the seismic exploration data, and the longitudinal wave velocity of the surrounding rock in the three-dimensional seismic data, namely the longitudinal wave velocity V in the groove wave exploration range, can be extracted under the conditions of different time windows (such as 5ms from a target coal seam to the upper part, 10ms from the target coal seam to the upper part, 15ms from the target coal seam to the upper part, 20ms from the target coal seam to the upper part, 10ms from the target coal seam to the lower part, 20ms from the target coal seam to the lowerP2Then extracting V under different time windowsP2And VP1Fitting and selecting VP2And VP1Y having the highest correlation coefficient1Which isThe corresponding time window is the optimal time window;
4. extracting longitudinal wave velocity V of target coal bed in three-dimensional seismic dataP3Utilizing fitting relation to obtain longitudinal wave velocity coal bed longitudinal wave V obtained by three-dimensional earthquakeP3Conversion to downhole longitudinal wave VP3 *；
5. Coal bed transverse wave velocity V obtained from channel wave dataS1And coal bed underground longitudinal wave V obtained by three-dimensional seismic conversionP3 *Fitting to obtain VS1And VP3 *Fitting relation of (A) Y2By the relation Y2The converted coal bed downhole longitudinal wave V can be usedP3 *Conversion into downhole transverse wave VS3 *；
6. Checking coal bed transverse wave velocity V in exploration range of channel waveS1And the calculated transverse wave velocity VS3 *If V isS1And VS3 *Is greater than the correlation requirement of the study item (if no specific requirement exists, the correlation coefficient is preferably 0.7), the relation Y is fitted1,Y2Can be used for conversion calculation of ground longitudinal wave, namely three-dimensional earthquake, and underground transverse wave, namely channel wave, and V in the seismic exploration range obtained by conversion calculationS3 *Then the method can be used for the later inversion work, if the calculation error is large, Y is needed1,Y2Adjustments are made, e.g. using a linear fit with a correlation coefficient of less than 0.5, using a quadratic polynomial fit, up to VS3 *And VS1Controlling the error within a required precision range, wherein the required precision range is that the relative error is controlled within 10 percent, and the smaller the relative error is, the better the relative error is;
7. using fitting relation Y1，Y2Measuring the longitudinal wave velocity V of the three-dimensional earthquake coal bed in the three-dimensional earthquake rangePConverted into transverse wave velocity V of coal bedSThe range of channel exploration data is generally smaller than that of three-dimensional seismic data, and through the conversion, the coal bed transverse wave velocity of channel exploration can be popularized to the whole three-dimensional seismic data range.
The correlation coefficient technique of the present invention uses the following formula:
Figure BDA0002582850720000051
in the formula: cov (x, y) represents the correlation coefficient of one variable x and another variable y;
Figure BDA0002582850720000052
represents the average value of the variable x;
Figure BDA0002582850720000053
represents the average value of the variable y; n represents the number of variables x, y.
The technical effects of the invention are illustrated by taking a certain working face of a certain mine of the positive coal as an example:
1. as shown in figure 1, through experiments, the correlation between the three-dimensional seismic longitudinal wave extracted from the target layer coal seam of the demonstration area to the upward 20ms time window and the groove wave surrounding rock longitudinal wave is the best, and the three-dimensional seismic surrounding rock longitudinal wave V is the bestP2And the longitudinal wave V of the channel wave surrounding rockP1The correlation equation is
Figure BDA0002582850720000061
，VP2And VP1The correlation coefficient of (a) is 0.5;
2. as shown in fig. 2, the velocity V of the longitudinal wave of the three-dimensional seismic coal seam is extractedP3Using the correlation formula Y1Converting to obtain longitudinal wave V of underground coal bedP3 *Converted coal bed downhole longitudinal wave VP3 *Coal bed transverse wave velocity V with trough waveS1Correlation equation Y2：
Figure BDA0002582850720000062
，VP3 *And VS10.7366;
3. as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the velocity V of the longitudinal wave of the three-dimensional seismic coal seam is extractedP3Using the correlation formula Y1、Y2Converting to obtain a coal seam cross V in the wellS3 *，VS3 *Transverse wave velocity V of channel wave coal seamS1AbsoluteThe error is controlled within the range of 30m/s, the relative error is controlled within the range of 2.25 percent, and the error is small.
In addition, Y is1，Y2The working areas of the formula are not consistent, the formula is obtained according to actual channel wave and three-dimensional seismic data fitting, and the formula in the embodiment is data fitting of an experimental area of the sunshine coal.

Claims (5)

1. A method for solving the coal bed transverse wave velocity based on three-dimensional earthquake and channel wave data is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, obtaining the transverse wave velocity V of the coal seam based on the trough wave dataS1And first longitudinal wave velocity V of surrounding rockP1；
S2, logging data V according to longitudinal wave velocityPAnd a three-dimensional seismic data volume to obtain the longitudinal wave velocity of the three-dimensional earthquake;
s3, extracting and obtaining a second longitudinal wave velocity V of the surrounding rock in the groove wave exploration range through different time window rangesP2Third longitudinal wave velocity V with coal seamP3；
S4, aiming at the first longitudinal wave velocity VP1And said second longitudinal wave velocity VP2Fitting to obtain VP1And VP2Fitting relation of (A) Y1By the relation Y1Second longitudinal wave velocity VP2And a third longitudinal wave velocity VP3Conversion into downhole longitudinal waves VP2 *、VP3 *；
S5, adjusting the transverse wave velocity VS1And said downhole longitudinal wave VP3 *Fitting to obtain VS1And VP3 *Fitting relation of (A) Y2By the relation Y2The downhole longitudinal wave V is formedP3 *Conversion into downhole transverse wave VS3 *；
S6, judging the coal bed transverse wave velocity V in the exploration range of the tank waveS1And the calculated transverse wave velocity VS3 *If the correlation is good, fitting the relation Y1,Y2Can be used for ground longitudinal wave velocity and undergroundCalculating the conversion of the transverse wave speed; if the correlation is poor, Y is needed1,Y2Making an adjustment until VS3 *And VS1Controlling the error within the required precision range;
s7 using fitting relation Y1、Y2Measuring the longitudinal wave velocity V of the three-dimensional earthquake coal bed in the three-dimensional earthquake rangePConverted into transverse wave velocity V of underground coal bedS *。
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the logging data V from compressional velocity described in S2PAnd a three-dimensional seismic data volume, obtaining longitudinal wave velocity, specifically: obtaining a longitudinal wave velocity body of the three-dimensional earthquake by using a prestack inversion technology, wherein the prestack inversion technology comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) superposing the shot-geophone offset parts of the CRP gathers subjected to amplitude preservation: because the prestack elastic interference is related to the incident angle, only after the prestack gather angle limits in different offset ranges are superposed, the seismic data volume related to the incident angle can be generated for the inversion process;
(2) analyzing and preparing logging data: in order to extract the change of the velocity on the earthquake, only 1 well is used for calibrating the earthquake data, the well has longitudinal wave velocity and density logging, and the transverse wave velocity is calculated by selecting an Xu-White model;
(3) wavelet extraction: the wavelets are extracted from the full-stack section and three or more partial-stack sections;
(4) and (3) performing longitudinal and transverse wave joint inversion: and (3) establishing a geological model by using the results of horizon and structure interpretation, and calculating the required longitudinal wave velocity parameters by using the elastic impedance curve obtained by using part of the stacked seismic data and the logging curve and the extracted seismic wavelets for joint solution.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the second longitudinal wave velocity V of the surrounding rock in the exploration range of the tank wave is extracted through different time window rangesP2Third longitudinal wave velocity V with coal seamP3For the first longitudinal wave velocity VP1And said second longitudinal wave velocity VP2Fitting to obtain VP1And VP2Fitting relation of (A) Y1The concrete meanings are as follows: due to the characteristics of the channel wave exploration, the effective propagation distance of the longitudinal wave velocity in the surrounding rock needs to be determined so as to determine the time window size of the longitudinal wave velocity extraction of seismic exploration data, and the longitudinal wave velocity of the surrounding rock in the three-dimensional seismic data, namely the second longitudinal wave velocity V in the channel wave exploration range, is extracted under the conditions of different time windowsp2Then extracting V under different time windowsP2And VP1Fitting, and selecting Y with highest correlation coefficient1The corresponding time window is the optimal time window; the calculation formula of the correlation coefficient is as follows:
Figure FDA0002582850710000021
in the formula: cov (x, y) represents the correlation coefficient of one variable x and another variable y, where x represents VP2Said y represents VP1；
Figure FDA0002582850710000022
Represents the average value of the variable x;
Figure FDA0002582850710000023
represents the average value of the variable y; n represents the number of variables x, y.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the determination is the transverse wave velocity V of the coal seam within the exploration range of the tank waveS1And the calculated transverse wave velocity VS3 *Has good relevance, and the meaning is as follows: the correlation coefficient reaches at least 0.6, and the closer to 1, the better, the calculation formula of the correlation coefficient is:
Figure FDA0002582850710000024
in the formula: cov (x, y) represents the correlation coefficient of one variable x and another variable y, soX represents VS1Said y represents VS3 *；
Figure FDA0002582850710000025
Represents the average value of the variable x;
Figure FDA0002582850710000026
represents the average value of the variable y; n represents the number of variables x, y.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein up to VS3 *And VS1The relative error of (2) is controlled within the required precision range, and the meaning is as follows: up to VS3 *And VS1The relative error of (2) is controlled within 10%, and the smaller the relative error, the better.
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