CN111624503B - Online estimation method for temperature of lithium ion battery - Google Patents
Online estimation method for temperature of lithium ion battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN111624503B CN111624503B CN202010338221.5A CN202010338221A CN111624503B CN 111624503 B CN111624503 B CN 111624503B CN 202010338221 A CN202010338221 A CN 202010338221A CN 111624503 B CN111624503 B CN 111624503B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/367—Software therefor, e.g. for battery testing using modelling or look-up tables
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
- G01R31/387—Determining ampere-hour charge capacity or SoC
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/396—Acquisition or processing of data for testing or for monitoring individual cells or groups of cells within a battery
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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Abstract
The invention discloses an online estimation method for the temperature of a lithium ion battery, which comprises the following steps: detecting the single voltage and current of the lithium ion battery through a battery management system; step current i and step voltage u of the lithium ion battery between charging and discharging are obtained; performing Fourier series transformation on the step current i and the step voltage u to obtain a current Fourier function Yi and a voltage Fourier function Yu; acquiring Morlet mother wavelet function in charging and discharging time of the lithium ion battery; and convert the conjugate functionYwtThe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Obtaining a voltage wavelet coefficient U and a current wavelet coefficient I of a lithium ion battery; the obtained voltage wavelet coefficient U and current wavelet coefficient I calculate the internal impedance of the lithium ion battery; inquiring an impedance-impedance phase angle relation table to obtain an impedance phase angle theta under the current impedance; carrying out temperature estimation through an online estimation formula of the lithium ion battery; the method has the advantage that the method can accurately measure the on-line estimation of the temperature of the lithium ion battery without external hardware equipment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of lithium ion battery temperature estimation, in particular to an online lithium ion battery temperature estimation method.
Background
As lithium ion batteries have been increasingly used in various applications in the automotive industry, such as hybrid cars, electric cars. Critical information including internal battery temperature is considered to be one of the most important parameters related to functional safety, key parameter estimation, and the like. Compared with other power batteries, the lithium ion battery has the advantages of high density, high power, no charge-discharge memory effect and the like, and is widely used as a power battery. Since lithium ion batteries are active alkaline metal batteries, there is a risk of fire explosion, and the energy density of lithium ion batteries is greater, the damage caused by uncontrolled explosion is also greater relative to other batteries. Besides the explosion danger caused by violent collision, the most main explosion cause is that the lithium ion battery is out of control due to the fact that the temperature is too high, so that in the development process of a new energy automobile, accurate detection of the temperature of the lithium ion battery is one of essential key technologies.
The difficulty of accurately obtaining the internal temperature of the lithium ion battery is high at present. The reason is that it is difficult for the temperature sensor to directly measure the temperature inside the lithium ion battery using the sensor, which may damage the lithium ion battery, and since the electrochemical reaction occurs inside the lithium ion battery, the possibility of directly measuring the temperature inside the lithium ion battery is not great. The existing impedance measurement method is widely adopted and proved to be a feasible method for estimating the internal temperature, namely, impedance measurement is performed by applying alternating current signals to disturb the lithium ion battery unit, and the internal temperature of the lithium ion battery is determined through a corresponding relation table of impedance phase angles and temperature. This typically requires two basic hardware, including an ac signal generator and an impedance measurement device. Installing such hardware would undoubtedly increase the complexity of the system and would also greatly impact the cost of the product. In addition, the impedance measurement requires static conditions, which are not suitable for dynamic vehicle operation conditions, i.e. the impedance measurement of the lithium ion battery during operation can generate large errors on the measurement. In order to solve the problem, the invention provides an on-line estimation method for the temperature of a lithium ion battery.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: the lithium ion battery temperature online estimation method has the advantages of no need of external hardware equipment, simple structure and accurate measurement.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows: the lithium ion battery temperature online estimation method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, detecting the single voltage and current of a lithium ion battery through a battery management system;
step 2, obtaining step current i and step voltage u of the lithium ion battery between charging and discharging through the step 1;
step 3, performing Fourier series transformation on the step current i and the step voltage u obtained in the step 2 to obtain a current Fourier function Yi and a voltage Fourier function Yu;
step 4, acquiring a Morlet mother wavelet function in the charge and discharge time of the lithium ion battery, wherein the Morlet mother wavelet is the product of a Gaussian function g (t) and a sine term function h (t); and converting the conjugate function of Morlet mother wavelet functionYwt；
Step 5, the conjugate function of the Morlet mother wavelet function in step 4 is obtained by performing the Fourier functions Yi and Yu on the current and voltage of step 2YwtPerforming inverse discrete Fourier transform to obtain a voltage wavelet coefficient U and a current wavelet coefficient I of the lithium ion battery;
and 8, acquiring the temperature of the lithium ion battery in the current environment by inquiring an impedance phase angle-temperature relation table in the battery management system.
Preferably, the battery management system includes a voltage detector for detecting a voltage of the lithium ion battery and transmitting the detected voltage signal to the processor unit, and a current detector for detecting a current signal flowing through the lithium ion battery and transmitting the current signal to the processor unit.
Preferably, the calculation formula of the current fourier function Yi described in step 3 is:
the calculation formula of the voltage Fourier function Yu is as follows: />
Wherein i is step current, u is step voltage, and N is the sampling number of the battery management system for sampling the single voltage and current of the lithium ion battery in the charging and discharging time of the lithium ion battery.
Preferably, the Morlet mother wavelet function described in step 4 is:
wherein->
Is a frequency band parameter->
And t is the charge and discharge time of the lithium ion battery.
Preferably, the conjugate function of Morlet's mother wavelet function in step 4YwtThe method comprises the following steps:
and N is the sampling number of the battery management system for sampling the single voltage and the current of the lithium ion battery in the charge and discharge time of the lithium ion battery.
Preferably, the voltage wavelet coefficient U described in step 5 is:
the current wavelet coefficient I is:
。
compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that the temperature inside the lithium ion battery can be estimated in the gap time between the charging and discharging of the lithium ion battery under the dynamic working condition of the vehicle, so that the on-line estimation of the temperature of the lithium ion battery is realized. Meanwhile, the method utilizes the built-in power detector and current detector of the battery management system to detect the voltage and current of the lithium ion battery, so that the load of the vehicle is greatly reduced, the space is saved, namely, an impedance phase detector and an alternating current generator for applying alternating current to the lithium ion battery in the traditional method are omitted, the interference of external factors is reduced, the reliability of temperature detection of the lithium ion battery is improved, and the stability of real-time measurement of the lithium ion battery in the running process is ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing step current profiles over 1 NEDC test period;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the step voltage profile over 3 NEDC test cycles;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the step current profile over 3 NEDC test cycles;
FIG. 4 is a graph of lithium ion battery temperature profiles detected by an online estimation of lithium ion battery temperature over 3 NEDC test cycles;
fig. 5 is a graph showing measured temperature profiles during 3 NEDC test cycles of a lithium ion battery.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the embodiments of the drawings.
The lithium ion battery temperature online estimation method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, detecting the single voltage and current of a lithium ion battery through a battery management system; that is, the voltage of the lithium ion battery is detected by a voltage detector in the battery management system and the detected voltage signal is transmitted to a processor unit of the battery management system, and the current signal flowing through the lithium ion battery is checked by a current detector and transmitted to the processor unit. And processes the current signal and the voltage signal in an arithmetic unit within the processor unit.
Step 2, respectively obtaining a step current i and a step voltage u of the lithium ion battery between charging and discharging through the step 1, and detecting the step current i and the step voltage u in a NEDC test period. The step current i and the step voltage u at sampling time points are obtained by carrying out point sampling in the time between charging and discharging of the lithium ion battery. Wherein, NEDC test period is 1200s
And step 3, performing Fourier series transformation on the step current i and the step voltage u obtained in the step 2 to obtain a current Fourier function Yi and a voltage Fourier function Yu. Software simulation is realized in MATLAB Simulink environment, wherein
、 />
. And i is step current, u is step voltage, and N is the sampling number of the battery management system for sampling the single voltage and the current of the lithium ion battery in the charge and discharge time of the lithium ion battery.
Step 4, acquiring a Morlet mother wavelet function in the charge and discharge time of the lithium ion battery, wherein the Morlet mother wavelet is the product of a Gaussian function g (t) and a sine term function h (t); and converting the conjugate function of Morlet mother wavelet functionYwtThe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein the Morlet mother wavelet function is as follows:
wherein, in this step->
10000%>
The center frequency parameter is 3000, and the charging and discharging time t of the lithium ion battery is 3 NEDC test periods, namely 3600s.
Conjugate function of Morlet's mother wavelet functionYwtThe method comprises the following steps:
wherein N is the charge and discharge time of the lithium ion battery, and the battery management system is used for the lithium ion batteryThe number of samples of the individual voltages and currents, i.e. the number of points collected according to the frequency band parameters in 3 NEDC test periods, N in this step is 36000000.
Step 5, the conjugate function of the Morlet mother wavelet function in step 4 is obtained by performing the Fourier functions Yi and Yu on the current and voltage of step 2YwtPerforming inverse discrete Fourier transform to obtain a voltage wavelet coefficient U and a current wavelet coefficient I of the lithium ion battery; the voltage wavelet coefficient U is:
the current wavelet coefficient I is:
。
And 7, acquiring the impedance phase angle theta under the current impedance by inquiring an impedance-impedance phase angle relation table in the battery management system. The step can store the relation table of impedance-impedance phase angle of the factory detection of the lithium ion battery into a memory of a processor unit in the battery management system; or impedance-impedance phase angle corresponding relation detection is carried out on the lithium ion battery applied with alternating current through an impedance phase angle detector, the manufactured impedance-impedance phase angle relation table is stored in a memory, and the corresponding impedance phase angle under the current impedance can be obtained through table lookup.
And 8, acquiring the temperature of the lithium ion battery in the current environment by inquiring an impedance phase angle-temperature relation table in the battery management system.
The impedance phase angle-temperature relation table in the above step 8 is obtained by: step 1, installing a temperature sensor on a lithium ion battery pack, and detecting and displaying the temperature of each single battery of the lithium ion battery pack;
step 2, placing the lithium ion battery pack into a constant temperature environment cabin with the initial temperature of-20 ℃;
step 3, standing for 3 hours, when the temperature of each single battery of the lithium ion battery pack is the same as the initial temperature, adopting an electrochemical impedance spectrum technology for each single battery, namely applying exciting current with a current value of 2 amperes and a frequency of 10 hertz to the lithium ion battery pack to be tested, detecting the impedance phase angle of each single battery at the current temperature through a Solartron1287/1255B instrument of an electrochemical workstation, and recording;
and step 4, raising the initial temperature by 1 degree, repeating the step 3 to obtain the corresponding impedance phase angle of each single battery, and forming the obtained data into an impedance phase angle-temperature meter.
And 5, comparing the impedance phase angle-thermometer with the impedance phase angle of the power battery formed by the lithium ion battery pack detected by the battery management system in the new energy automobile to obtain the temperature of the power battery at the moment. The impedance phase angle-temperature table obtained through the steps is input to a battery management system of the new energy automobile, and an impedance phase angle detection device is arranged on the new energy automobile, and as the impedance phase angle corresponds to the temperature one by one, the impedance phase angle of the lithium ion battery at the moment is detected, and the corresponding accurate temperature of the lithium ion battery can be obtained through table lookup.
The simulation formula obtained by the simulation software of the measured data is as follows:
wherein T is the estimated temperature of the lithium ion battery, theta is the impedance phase angle, and e is the natural constant; as can be seen from fig. 4 and fig. 5, the fitted curve obtained by this method and the simulation formula is almost identical to the real measured data.
The software simulation environment is MATLAB Simulink environment for data parameter simulation, and in the actual operation process, formula carrying operation is carried out through a power management system built in an automobile, so that the on-line estimation of the temperature of the lithium ion battery can be realized.
The method can realize the on-line estimation of the temperature of the lithium ion battery through the steps, namely realize the detection of the step voltage and the step current of the lithium ion battery through the voltage detector and the current detector which are arranged in the battery management system in the automobile, thereby avoiding the traditional external impedance phase detector and applying extra alternating current points to the lithium ion battery for impedance detection.
The foregoing embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, which are described in more detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that it is possible for a person skilled in the art to make several variants and modifications without departing from the inventive concept, which fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. The online estimation method for the temperature of the lithium ion battery is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, detecting the voltage of a lithium ion battery through a voltage detector in a battery management system, transmitting the detected voltage signal to a processor unit of the battery management system, checking a current signal flowing through the lithium ion battery through a current detector, transmitting the current signal to the processor unit, and carrying out operation processing on the current signal and the voltage signal in the processor unit;
step 2, obtaining step current i and step voltage u of the lithium ion battery between charging and discharging through the step 1;
step 3, carrying out Fourier series transformation on the step current i and the step voltage u obtained in the step 2 to obtain a current Fourier function Yi and a voltage Fourier function Yu,
the calculation formula of the voltage Fourier function Yu is as follows:
wherein i is step current, u is step voltage, and N is when the lithium ion battery is charged and dischargedThe inter-cell battery management system samples the single voltage and current of the lithium ion battery;
step 4, acquiring a Morlet mother wavelet function in the charge and discharge time of the lithium ion battery, wherein the Morlet mother wavelet is the product of a Gaussian function g (t) and a sine term function h (t); the Morlet mother wavelet function is:
and converting the conjugate function of Morlet mother wavelet functionYwt，
Wherein->
Is a frequency band parameter->
Taking the charge and discharge time of the lithium ion battery as a central parameter, wherein t is the charge and discharge time of the lithium ion battery, and N is the sampling number of the battery management system for sampling the single voltage and the current of the lithium ion battery in the charge and discharge time of the lithium ion battery;
step 5, the conjugate function of the Morlet mother wavelet function in step 4 is obtained by performing the Fourier functions Yi and Yu on the current and voltage of step 2YwtPerforming inverse discrete Fourier transform to obtain a voltage wavelet coefficient U and a current wavelet coefficient I of the lithium ion battery,
step 6, calculating the internal impedance of the lithium ion battery through the voltage wavelet coefficient U and the current wavelet coefficient I obtained in the step 5
；
Step 7, obtaining the impedance phase angle theta under the current impedance by inquiring an impedance-impedance phase angle relation table in the battery management system;
and 8, acquiring the temperature of the lithium ion battery in the current environment by inquiring an impedance phase angle-temperature relation table in the battery management system.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the battery management system comprises a voltage detector and a current detector, and a processor unit, the voltage detector is configured to detect the voltage of the lithium ion battery and transmit a detected voltage signal to the processor unit, and the current detector is configured to detect a current signal flowing through the lithium ion battery and transmit the current signal to the processor unit.
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