CN111623732A - Method for measuring needle cluster ratio of coniferous forest blades - Google Patents

Method for measuring needle cluster ratio of coniferous forest blades Download PDF

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CN111623732A
CN111623732A CN202010496375.7A CN202010496375A CN111623732A CN 111623732 A CN111623732 A CN 111623732A CN 202010496375 A CN202010496375 A CN 202010496375A CN 111623732 A CN111623732 A CN 111623732A
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needle
cluster
needles
area
water
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于颖
杨曦光
朱艳超
范文义
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Northeast Forestry University
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Northeast Forestry University
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/28—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring areas
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F17/00—Methods or apparatus for determining the capacity of containers or cavities, or the volume of solid bodies
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/0098—Plants or trees

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Abstract

A method for measuring the needle cluster ratio of coniferous forest leaves. The invention aims to solve the problem that the existing optical instrument measurement technology cannot penetrate through gaps between leaf bundles in needle leaf clusters to obtain needle cluster ratio. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, calculating the total projection area weighted by each angle; secondly, measuring the volume of all needles in the cluster by a drainage method; thirdly, counting the number of needles in the needle leaf sample cluster, measuring the length of each needle, and calculating an average value; and fourthly, calculating the needle cluster ratio of the needle leaf sample cluster through a formula. The method is used for measuring the needle cluster ratio of the conifer blades.

Description

Method for measuring needle cluster ratio of coniferous forest blades
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for measuring the needle cluster ratio of coniferous forest blades.
Background
The needle cluster ratio is defined as the ratio of half of the sum of the leaf areas of all the needles in the cluster to half of the cluster surface area, describes the degree of needle aggregation within a cluster of needle leaf blades, and is a key parameter for accurate measurement of true leaf area index of conifer species.
At present, the optical instrument measurement technology cannot penetrate through gaps between leaf bundles in needle leaf clusters to obtain numerical values of needle cluster ratios, so that most domestic researchers set the needle cluster ratios by adopting empirical values or referring to foreign measurement data, measurement experiments and data results of needle leaf tree seed needle cluster ratios are lacked, and large errors are caused in calculation of leaf area indexes.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for measuring the needle cluster ratio of needle blades of a needle forest, aiming at solving the problem that the conventional optical instrument measurement technology cannot penetrate through gaps between the blade bundles in a needle cluster to obtain the needle cluster ratio.
The method for measuring the needle cluster ratio of the conifer forest leaves comprises the following steps:
firstly, calculating the total projection area weighted by each angle: fixing a camera above a needle sample cluster, taking grid paper as a background to sequentially shoot projection images of the needle sample cluster at three azimuth angles of 0 degrees, 45 degrees and 90 degrees, importing the image data into a computer, respectively processing each image data by using Photoshop software, respectively calculating the total number of pixels occupied by the projection area of the needle sample cluster at each angle according to a coordinate grid in the image, multiplying the total number of pixels by the area of a single pixel to obtain the real projection area at the angle, and calculating the total projection area A weighted by each angle by using a formula (1)s；
Figure BDA0002523017080000011
Wherein A isp(0 ° ) represents the real projected area of the needle-like cluster at an angle of 0 °; a. thep(45 °, 0 °) represents the real projected area of the needle-like cluster at an angle of 45 °; a. thep(90 °, 0 °) represents the real projected area of the needle-like cluster at an angle of 90 °;
secondly, measuring the volume of all needles in the cluster by a drainage method: weighing the experimental water by using a precision balance instrument, treating the experimental water by using a reagent to ensure that no bubbles are generated in the experimental process, and recording the total mass m of the container and the experimental water0(ii) a The needle leaf sample cluster is wound by adopting a copper wire, the needle leaf sample cluster is slowly pressed into water by adopting a measuring copper wire, when the needle leaf sample cluster is completely immersed into the water and does not touch the periphery and the bottom of the container, the influence of the surface tension of the water is eliminated, the length of the measuring copper wire entering the water is marked as a marked position, and the mass value m of the balance at the moment is recorded1(ii) a Taking out the needle leaf sample cluster, recording the container and the experimental water at the momentTotal mass m of0' after all needles on the needle leaf sample cluster are removed, the measuring copper wire is immersed into the experimental water again, and when the position of the measuring copper wire entering the water is a mark position, the mass value m of the balance at the moment is recorded2(ii) a By using (m)1-m0)–(m2-m0') obtaining the mass sum m of all needles in the needle leaf-like cluster; calculating the volume V of all needles in the needle leaf sample cluster according to the density of water by rho-m/V;
thirdly, counting the number of needles in the needle leaf sample cluster, measuring the length of each needle, and calculating an average value; obtaining the number n of needles in the needle leaf sample cluster and the average length l of the needles, and calculating to obtain a half A of the total area of all the needles in the needle leaf sample cluster through a formula (2) according to the volume area conversion coefficient G of the needle leaf sample clustern；
Figure BDA0002523017080000021
Fourthly, calculating the needle cluster ratio gamma of the needle leaf sample cluster through a formula (3)s：
γs＝An/As(3)。
Has the advantages that:
the method is adopted to determine the needle cluster ratio of the main conifer species in the experimental forest farm of cap mountain of Heilongjiang province as 1.21 pinus koraiensis, 1.09 pinus sylvestris and 1.19 pinus lariciifolia, so that accurate parameter data are provided for accurately measuring the real leaf area index of the conifer forest, and errors caused by calculation of the real leaf area index by adopting empirical values or foreign measurement data are avoided.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: the method for measuring the needle cluster ratio of the coniferous tree leaves in the embodiment specifically comprises the following steps:
firstly, calculating the total projection area weighted by each angle: fixing a camera above the needle sample cluster, sequentially shooting projected images of the needle sample cluster at three azimuth angles of 0 degree, 45 degrees and 90 degrees by taking grid paper as a background, importing the image data into a computer, respectively processing each image data by utilizing Photoshop software, and according to the image data, respectively processing the projected images by utilizing Photoshop softwareThe coordinate grid in the figure respectively calculates the total number of pixels occupied by the projection area of the conifer cluster under each angle, multiplies the area of a single pixel to obtain the real projection area under the angle, and calculates the total projection area A weighted by each angle by using a formula (1)s；
Figure BDA0002523017080000022
Wherein A isp(0 ° ) represents the real projected area of the needle-like cluster at an angle of 0 °; a. thep(45 °, 0 °) represents the real projected area of the needle-like cluster at an angle of 45 °; a. thep(90 °, 0 °) represents the real projected area of the needle-like cluster at an angle of 90 °;
secondly, measuring the volume of all needles in the cluster by a drainage method: weighing the experimental water by using a precision balance instrument, treating the experimental water by using a reagent to ensure that no bubbles are generated in the experimental process, and recording the total mass m of the container and the experimental water0(ii) a The needle leaf sample cluster is wound by adopting a copper wire, the needle leaf sample cluster is slowly pressed into water by adopting a measuring copper wire, when the needle leaf sample cluster is completely immersed into the water and does not touch the periphery and the bottom of the container, the influence of the surface tension of the water is eliminated, the length of the measuring copper wire entering the water is marked as a marked position, and the mass value m of the balance at the moment is recorded1(ii) a Taking out the needle leaf sample cluster, recording the total mass m of the container and the experimental water at the moment0' after all needles on the needle leaf sample cluster are removed, the measuring copper wire is immersed into the experimental water again, and when the position of the measuring copper wire entering the water is a mark position, the mass value m of the balance at the moment is recorded2(ii) a By using (m)1-m0)–(m2-m0') obtaining the mass sum m of all needles in the needle leaf-like cluster; calculating the volume V of all needles in the needle leaf sample cluster according to the density of water by rho-m/V;
thirdly, counting the number of needles in the needle leaf sample cluster, measuring the length of each needle, and calculating an average value; obtaining the number n of needles in the needle leaf sample cluster and the average length l of the needles, and then calculating the total number of all needles in the needle leaf sample cluster through a formula (2) according to the volume area conversion coefficient G of the needle leaf sample clusterHalf of area An；
Figure BDA0002523017080000031
Fourthly, calculating the needle cluster ratio gamma of the needle leaf sample cluster through a formula (3)s：
γs＝An/As(3)。
Half A of the total area of all the needles in the needle-like clusternI.e. the total area of the single side of all the needles in the needle-like cluster.
In this embodiment, the volume-area conversion coefficient G is a constant derived from a volume-area calculation formula according to the shape of the needle in the needle-leaf cluster.
Taking pinus sylvestris as an example, 2 pinus of pinus sylvestris are bundled, each needle leaf is semi-cylindrical, the volume of n needle leaves obtained by measurement in water is V, the average cylinder radius is r, the average leaf length of the needle leaf is l, the semi-cylindrical surface area of each needle leaf is S, then
Figure BDA0002523017080000032
S＝πrl+2rl＝(π+2)rl；
Bringing r in;
Figure BDA0002523017080000033
half A of the total area of n needlesn：
Figure BDA0002523017080000034
Wherein 2.05 is a constant G, so the volume area conversion coefficient G of the pushed camphor pine is 2.05. The same can be concluded that the Korean pine G is 2.27 and the larch G is 2.0.
The reason for winding the needle leaf-like cluster by the copper wire in the embodiment is to prevent the needle leaves from floating in water and avoid the deformation of the leaf surface.
The reagent is a detergent, and a drop of detergent is added to reduce the tension of water and ensure that no bubbles are generated in the experimental process.
In this embodiment, since the reagent used in step two is small, the density of the standard water is selected when the volume V of all the needles is calculated.
The second embodiment is as follows: the first difference between the present embodiment and the specific embodiment is: in the step one, the needle-like clusters are Korean pine, larch or pinus sylvestris. The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The third concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment differs from the first or second embodiment in that: the volume area conversion factor G of the Korean pine is 2.27. The others are the same as in the first or second embodiment.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment mode and one of the first to third embodiment modes is: the larch has a volume area conversion coefficient G of 2. The rest is the same as one of the first to third embodiments.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to fourth embodiments is: the volume area conversion coefficient G of the pinus sylvestris is 2.05. The rest is the same as one of the first to fourth embodiments.
Example (b): the method of the invention is adopted to respectively carry out multiple groups of measurements on the Korean pine, the larch and the pinus sylvestris; the results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0002523017080000041
Figure BDA0002523017080000051
Note: HS represents Korean pine; LYS represents larch; ZZS means Pinus sylvestris.
The method is adopted to determine the needle cluster ratio of the main conifer species in the experimental forest farm of cap mountain of Heilongjiang province as 1.21 pinus koraiensis, 1.09 pinus sylvestris and 1.19 pinus lariciifolia, so that accurate parameter data are provided for accurately measuring the real leaf area index of the conifer forest, and errors caused by calculation of the real leaf area index by adopting empirical values or foreign measurement data are avoided.

Claims (5)

1. A method for measuring the needle cluster ratio of conifer blades is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, calculating the total projection area weighted by each angle: fixing a camera above a needle sample cluster, taking grid paper as a background to sequentially shoot projection images of the needle sample cluster at three azimuth angles of 0 degrees, 45 degrees and 90 degrees, importing the image data into a computer, respectively processing each image data by using Photoshop software, respectively calculating the total number of pixels occupied by the projection area of the needle sample cluster at each angle according to a coordinate grid in the image, multiplying the total number of pixels by the area of a single pixel to obtain the real projection area at the angle, and calculating the total projection area A weighted by each angle by using a formula (1)s；
Figure FDA0002523017070000011
Wherein A isp(0 ° ) represents the real projected area of the needle-like cluster at an angle of 0 °; a. thep(45 °, 0 °) represents the real projected area of the needle-like cluster at an angle of 45 °; a. thep(90 °, 0 °) represents the real projected area of the needle-like cluster at an angle of 90 °;
secondly, measuring the volume of all needles in the cluster by a drainage method: weighing the experimental water by using a precision balance instrument, treating the experimental water by using a reagent to ensure that no bubbles are generated in the experimental process, and recording the total mass m of the container and the experimental water0(ii) a The needle leaf sample cluster is wound by adopting a copper wire, the needle leaf sample cluster is slowly pressed into water by adopting a measuring copper wire, when the needle leaf sample cluster is completely immersed into the water and does not touch the periphery and the bottom of the container, the influence of the surface tension of the water is eliminated, the length of the measuring copper wire entering the water is marked as a marked position, and the mass value m of the balance at the moment is recorded1(ii) a Taking out the needle leaf sample cluster, recording the total mass m of the container and the experimental water at the moment0', after all needles on the needle leaf sample cluster are removed, the measuring copper wire is immersed into the experimental water again, and when the measurement is carried outWhen the position of the copper wire entering the water is the mark position, the mass value m of the balance at the moment is recorded2(ii) a By using (m)1-m0)–(m2-m0') obtaining the mass sum m of all needles in the needle leaf-like cluster; calculating the volume V of all needles in the needle leaf sample cluster according to the density of water by rho-m/V;
thirdly, counting the number of needles in the needle leaf sample cluster, measuring the length of each needle, and calculating an average value; obtaining the number n of needles in the needle leaf sample cluster and the average length l of the needles, and calculating to obtain a half A of the total area of all the needles in the needle leaf sample cluster through a formula (2) according to the volume area conversion coefficient G of the needle leaf sample clustern；
Figure FDA0002523017070000012
Fourthly, calculating the needle cluster ratio gamma of the needle leaf sample cluster through a formula (3)s：
γs＝An/As(3)。
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the conifer-like clusters in the first step are Pinus koraiensis, Larix gmelinii, or Pinus sylvestris.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the volumetric-to-area conversion factor G of the pinus koraiensis is 2.27.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein the larch has a Larix Gmelini volume to area conversion factor of 2.
5. The method of claim 2, wherein the Pinus sylvestris has a volume-to-area conversion factor G of 2.05.
CN202010496375.7A 2020-06-03 2020-06-03 Method for measuring needle cluster ratio of coniferous forest blades Pending CN111623732A (en)

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CN101713641A (en) * 2009-10-09 2010-05-26 山西农业大学 Digital graphic technology-based method and device for analyzing leaf area
CN102506772A (en) * 2011-11-01 2012-06-20 西北农林科技大学 Method and device for quickly detecting area of leaf blade based on mobile phone
CN109059808A (en) * 2018-08-15 2018-12-21 华南农业大学 Method for measuring leaf area, system, storage medium and mobile terminal
JP2019061567A (en) * 2017-09-27 2019-04-18 シンフォニアテクノロジー株式会社 Shape recognition program and shape recognition device for leaf-like crop

Patent Citations (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101298986A (en) * 2007-04-30 2008-11-05 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 Field measuring method of sand broad leaf plant leaf area
CN101713641A (en) * 2009-10-09 2010-05-26 山西农业大学 Digital graphic technology-based method and device for analyzing leaf area
CN102506772A (en) * 2011-11-01 2012-06-20 西北农林科技大学 Method and device for quickly detecting area of leaf blade based on mobile phone
JP2019061567A (en) * 2017-09-27 2019-04-18 シンフォニアテクノロジー株式会社 Shape recognition program and shape recognition device for leaf-like crop
CN109059808A (en) * 2018-08-15 2018-12-21 华南农业大学 Method for measuring leaf area, system, storage medium and mobile terminal

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