CN111621087A - 一种无卤阻燃母粒及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种无卤阻燃母粒及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种无卤阻燃母粒及其制备方法和应用,该材料由以下组分按重量份制成:聚磷酸铵26‑36份、季戊四醇磷酸酯10‑20份、三聚氰胺15‑20份、聚丙烯10‑20份、氮化硅2‑7份、立方氮化硼1‑5份、抗氧剂0.2‑0.6份、分散剂0.2‑0.5份、润滑剂0.1‑0.3份经过密炼、混合、挤出制备而成。本发明通过将氮化硅、立方氮化硼加入无卤阻燃母粒体系中,煅烧时于复合材料表面形成一层密实的陶瓷壳体,阻隔氧体进一步渗透;同时使膨胀型阻燃剂释放的NH3气体在复合材料内部而稀释氧气浓度,达到迅速阻燃的效果。所以本发明制备的无卤阻燃母粒可广泛应用于玻纤增强聚丙烯中应用到电子、家用电器的塑料产品中。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于高分子复合材料技术领域,具体涉及一种无卤阻燃母粒及其制备方法和应用。
技术背景
随着国家环保的推进,卤系阻燃剂已经国家禁用,当前无卤体系阻燃剂补充了阻燃市场的需求。目前,常用的无卤阻燃剂主要有无机阻燃剂和磷氮类膨胀型阻燃剂,而无机阻燃剂由于与聚烯烃树脂的相容性差,阻燃效率低,只有在大量填充时才具有一定的阻燃效果,而这样会严重损害聚烯烃的力学性能和加工性能。为了克服无机类阻燃剂阻燃效率太低这一缺点,通常在聚烯烃树脂中采用阻燃效率较高的复配型无卤阻燃剂,这类阻燃剂在受热时表面能形成一层致密泡沫炭层,起到隔热、隔氧、抑烟,又能防止熔滴,具有良好的阻燃性能,而且燃烧时无卤、低毒和无腐蚀性气体产生,属于环保型的阻燃体系,所以发展十分迅速。
发明内容
本发明针对以上需求,提供一种适用于工业化批量生产的无卤阻燃母粒及其制备方法和应用。
为了达到上述目的,本发明是通过下列技术方案来实现的:
一种无卤阻燃母粒,聚磷酸铵26-36份、季戊四醇磷酸酯10-20份、三聚氰胺15-20份、聚丙烯10-20份、氮化硅2-7份、立方氮化硼1-5份、抗氧剂0.2-0.6份、分散剂0.2-0.5份、润滑剂0.1-0.3份。
进一步方案,所述聚磷酸铵的平均粒径为1000-2000目,所述三聚氰胺的平均粒径为1000-2000目。
所述季戊四醇磷酸酯的平均粒径为1500-2500目。
所述聚丙烯为连续法生产的聚丙烯粉料。
所述氮化硅为平均粒径为1000-2000目的粉料,所述立方氮化硼粉为平均粒径为1000-2000目的粉料。
所述抗氧剂为抗氧剂1010、抗氧剂DSTDP、抗氧剂168中的至少一种。
所述分散剂为硅酮类高效分散剂。
所述润滑剂为硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸、季戊四醇硬脂酸酯中的至少一种。
本发明的第二个发明目的是提供上述无卤阻燃母粒的制备方法,其包括以下步骤:
(1)先将聚丙烯、抗氧剂、润滑剂加入到加压式翻转密炼机中,控制密炼室内的温度为150-170℃、转子转速为40-60r/min;
(2)待步骤(1)中物料熔融后,分两次将聚磷酸铵、季戊四醇磷酸酯、三聚氰胺粉体、氮化硅、立方氮化硼和分散剂的混合物加入到密炼机中,每次投料间隔2-5min;物料全部加入后,继续密炼8-15min;
(3)密炼后的胶头经传输带输送到单螺杆挤出机的料斗里,经料斗内的切刀将胶头切成碎块,控制机筒各段温度为170-185℃,主机转速350-450r/min,经单螺杆挤出机熔融、混炼、挤出,然后经风冷磨面切粒制成无卤阻燃剂母粒。
本发明的第三个发明目的是提供上述无卤阻燃母粒的应用,所述无卤阻燃母粒用作玻纤增强聚丙烯的阻燃剂,其加入量占玻纤增强聚丙烯总质量的15-23%。
本发明中的氮化硅,是制造精密陶瓷器件的重要组成部分,其具有耐高温、耐磨、耐腐蚀等优异特性,使其广泛应用于化工、机械、航空航天及能源等领域。
立方氮化硼微粉,是由立方氮化硼单晶磨粒,经过粉碎、整形处理,采用特殊的工艺方法生产的,其热稳定性能好,具有良好的自锐性,使用它可获得精密高光洁度的工作表面,使产品具有更高的品质。
本发明利用氮化硅及立方氮化硼的优异耐高温性、良好的自锐性。制备出玻纤增强聚丙烯用的无卤阻燃母粒。该无卤阻燃母粒在高温燃烧过程中,于玻纤聚丙烯复合材料表面形成光洁密闭的表层,提高玻纤聚丙烯复合材料的阻燃性能。
本发明通过将氮化硅、立方氮化硼微粉加入无卤阻燃母粒体系中,氮化硅与立方氮化硼在煅烧过程中,于复合材料表面形成一层密实的陶瓷壳体,阻隔氧体进一步渗透;同时,使膨胀型阻燃剂释放的NH3气体在复合材料内部,稀释氧气浓度,达到迅速阻燃的效果。
另外,本申请制备的无卤阻燃母粒的使用量较低,从而减少对玻纤增强聚丙烯材料的本身性能影响;而其中的氮化硅、立方氮化硼还能相应提高材料的机械性能、耐磨和耐高温性能。
具体实施方式
下面给出实施例以对本发明进行具体的描述,有必要在此指出的是以下实施例只用于对本发明进行进一步说明,不能理解为对本发明保护范围的限制,该领域的普通技术人员根据该实施例对本发明所做出的一些非本质的改进或调整仍属于本发明的保护范围。
本发明的玻纤增强聚丙烯用无卤阻燃母粒涉及材料型号如下:
其中所用聚磷酸铵、季戊四醇磷酸酯、三聚氰胺均为市售;
聚丙烯为225粉、425粉、
氮化硅粉、立方氮化硼粉为市售;
所用抗氧剂为抗氧剂1010、抗氧剂DSTDP和抗氧剂168;
所用分散剂为E525、P121;
所用润滑剂为硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸、季戊四醇硬脂酸酯。
以下结合实施例对本发明作进一步的说明。
实施例1
(1)将10份聚丙烯、0.2份抗氧剂1330、0.2份抗氧剂168、0.2份抗氧剂DSTDP、0.3份润滑剂季戊四醇硬脂酸酯加入到加压式翻转密炼机中,控制密炼室内的温度为150℃,转子转速为40r/min,密炼时间为4min至熔融。
(2)分两次将36份聚磷酸铵、20份季戊四醇磷酸酯、20份三聚氰胺粉体、7份氮化硅粉、5份立方氮化硼粉和0.5份分散剂E525加入到密炼机中,每次投料间隔2min;物料全部加入后,继续密炼8min。密炼后的胶头经传输带输送到单螺杆挤出机的料斗里,经料斗内的切刀将胶头切成碎块,控制机筒温度在170-185℃,主机转速350r/min,经单螺杆熔融混炼挤出,然后经风冷磨面切粒制成无卤阻燃剂母粒。
实施例2
(1)将20份聚丙烯、0.1份抗氧剂1010、0.1份抗氧剂168、0.1份润滑剂硬脂酸加入到加压式翻转密炼机中,控制密炼室内的温度为180℃,转子转速为50r/min,密炼时间为8min至熔融。
(2)分两次将26份聚磷酸铵、10份季戊四醇磷酸酯、15份三聚氰胺粉体、2份氮化硅粉、1份立方氮化硼粉和0.2份分散剂P121加入到密炼机中,每次投料间隔5min;物料全部加入后,继续密炼6min。密炼后的胶头经传输带输送到单螺杆挤出机的料斗里,经料斗内的切刀将胶头切成碎块,控制机筒温度在170-185℃,主机转速450r/min,经单螺杆熔融混炼挤出,然后经风冷磨面切粒制成无卤阻燃剂母粒。
实施例3
(1)将15份聚丙烯、0.1份抗氧剂1010、0.2份抗氧剂168、0.1份抗氧剂DSTDP、0.2份润滑剂硬脂酸钙加入到加压式翻转密炼机中,控制密炼室内的温度为170℃,转子转速为60r/min,密炼时间为6min至熔融。
(2)分两次将31份聚磷酸铵、15份季戊四醇磷酸酯、17份三聚氰胺粉体、4.5份氮化硅粉、3份立方氮化硼粉和0.3份分散剂E525加入到密炼机中,每次投料间隔5min;物料全部加入后,继续密炼5min。密炼后的胶头经传输带输送到单螺杆挤出机的料斗里,经料斗内的切刀将胶头切成碎块,控制机筒温度在170-185℃,主机转速400r/min,经单螺杆熔融混炼挤出,然后经风冷磨面切粒制成无卤阻燃剂母粒。
对比样1:
选择普塞呋磷市售的阻燃剂110DM(其主要组成部分是三聚氰胺磷酸盐、二甲庚基磷酸、氧化锌)。
对比样2:
将15份聚丙烯、0.1份抗氧剂1010、0.2份抗氧剂168、0.1份抗氧剂DSTDP、0.2份润滑剂硬脂酸钙加入到加压式翻转密炼机中,控制密炼室内的温度为170℃,转子转速为60r/min,密炼时间为6min至熔融。分两次将31份聚磷酸铵、15份季戊四醇磷酸酯、17份三聚氰胺粉体和0.3份分散剂E525加入到密炼机中,每次投料间隔5min;物料全部加入后,继续密炼5min。密炼后的胶头经传输带输送到单螺杆挤出机的料斗里,经料斗内的切刀将胶头切成碎块,控制机筒温度在170-185℃,主机转速400r/min,经单螺杆熔融混炼挤出,然后经风冷磨面切粒制成无卤阻燃剂母粒对比样2。
将以上制备的无卤阻燃母粒1、2、3和对比样1、2分别应用到玻纤增强聚丙烯体系中制成的玻纤增强聚丙烯材料,作为实施例4-6和对比例1-2,其性能测试结果如下表1。
其中:玻纤增强聚丙烯材料的原料配方如下表1所示,其按照如下步骤进行制备:
按重量配比称取干燥的聚丙烯、无卤阻燃母粒、抗氧剂、润滑剂混合后加入挤出机中,并从玻纤口加入988A玻纤,经挤出机挤出,水冷后切粒。其中,挤出机的加工温度由下料口到模口依次为170℃、185℃、190℃、195℃、195℃、200℃,主机转速为400rpm,真空度为-0.06MPa。
表1:
备注:以上机械性能均依GB测试。
从上表1数据可以看出,使用本发明制备的阻燃母粒,与阻燃母粒对比样1、2相比,制备的材料不仅阻燃性能高,更因为阻燃剂使用量低,材料的速度机械性能更高。因此,本发明可根据客户需求,生产更高效的无卤阻燃母粒。
需要说明的是,以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对其限制;尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种无卤阻燃母粒,其特征在于:聚磷酸铵26-36份、季戊四醇磷酸酯10-20份、三聚氰胺 15-20份、聚丙烯10-20份、氮化硅2-7份、立方氮化硼1-5份、抗氧剂0.2-0.6份、分散剂0.2-0.5份、润滑剂0.1-0.3份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的无卤阻燃母粒,其特征在于:所述聚磷酸铵的平均粒径为1000-2000目,所述三聚氰胺的平均粒径为1000-2000目。
3.根据权利要求1所述的无卤阻燃母粒,其特征在于:所述季戊四醇磷酸酯的平均粒径为1500-2500目。
4.根据权利要求1所述的无卤阻燃母粒,其特征在于:所述聚丙烯为连续法生产的聚丙烯粉料。
5.根据权利要求1所述的无卤阻燃母粒,其特征在于:所述氮化硅为平均粒径为1000-2000目的粉料,所述立方氮化硼粉为平均粒径为1000-2000目的粉料。
6.根据权利要求1所述的无卤阻燃母粒,其特征在于:所述抗氧剂为抗氧剂1010、抗氧剂DSTDP、抗氧剂168中的至少一种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的无卤阻燃母粒,其特征在于:所述分散剂为硅酮类高效分散剂。
8.根据权利要求1所述的无卤阻燃母粒,其特征在于:所述润滑剂为硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸、季戊四醇硬脂酸酯中的至少一种。
9.一种制备如权利要求1-8任一项所述的无卤阻燃母粒的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
(1)先将聚丙烯、抗氧剂、润滑剂加入到加压式翻转密炼机中,控制密炼室内的温度为150-170℃、转子转速为40-60r/min;
(2)待步骤(1)中物料熔融后,分两次将聚磷酸铵、季戊四醇磷酸酯、三聚氰胺粉体、氮化硅、立方氮化硼和分散剂的混合物加入到密炼机中,每次投料间隔2-5min;物料全部加入后,继续密炼8-15min;
(3)密炼后的胶头经传输带输送到单螺杆挤出机的料斗里,经料斗内的切刀将胶头切成碎块,控制机筒各段温度为170-185℃,主机转速350-450r/min,经单螺杆挤出机熔融、混炼、挤出,然后经风冷磨面切粒制成无卤阻燃剂母粒。
10.如权利要求1-8任一项所述的无卤阻燃母粒的应用,其特征在于:所述无卤阻燃母粒用作玻纤增强聚丙烯的阻燃剂,其加入量占玻纤增强聚丙烯总质量的15-23%。
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