CN111619373A

CN111619373A - Full chassis arrangement structure of fuel cell truck

Info

Publication number: CN111619373A
Application number: CN201910144626.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈琳; 孟永红; 王滢; 邹凡; 耿志勇; 袁凯; 田方
Original assignee: Shaanxi Automobile Group Co Ltd
Current assignee: Shaanxi Automobile Group Co Ltd
Priority date: 2019-02-27
Filing date: 2019-02-27
Publication date: 2020-09-04
Anticipated expiration: 2039-02-27
Also published as: CN111619373B

Abstract

The invention discloses a full chassis arrangement structure of a fuel cell truck, which comprises a frame, a fuel cell engine, a power cell, a hydrogen storage device, an electric drive axle system, a motor controller and a cooling system. The fuel cell engine is arranged at the position of the engine of the traditional diesel vehicle, the power cell is arranged behind the fuel cell engine, the two hydrogen storage devices are symmetrically arranged at two sides of the power cell, the electric drive axle system is arranged between the two rear wheels, and the motor controller is arranged at the tail part of the frame. The cooling system comprises an auxiliary cooling system, a galvanic pile cooling system and a motor cooling system, the auxiliary cooling system is arranged at the front overhang of the frame, the galvanic pile cooling system is arranged in front of the fuel cell engine, and the motor cooling system is arranged at the tail of the frame and at the rear of the rear wheel. The invention has low gravity center of the whole vehicle and high safety, and improves the space utilization rate of the container. Three sets of cooling systems are adopted to perform corresponding heat dissipation effects on different components.

Description

Full chassis arrangement structure of fuel cell truck

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of production and manufacturing of fuel cell trucks, and relates to a full chassis arrangement structure of a fuel cell truck.

Background

As the pace of commercialization of fuel cell vehicles has increased, many enterprises have begun to actively lay out the fuel cell industry. In the field of light fuel cell trucks, light fuel cell trucks are successively released by Beiqi Futian, Dongfeng auto company, youth company, first-steam liberation and the like, and a program-increasing technical route is adopted to meet urban logistics distribution requirements. The fuel cell systems of the existing light fuel cell trucks all adopt a back type, one is that a fuel cell engine, a hydrogen system, a cooling system, a direct current-direct current converter and the like are integrally arranged between a cab and a cargo box. The other is that the fuel cell engine is disposed at the diesel vehicle engine, and the hydrogen system, the dc-dc converter, and the like are disposed between the cab and the cargo box. The back type scheme needs to occupy a certain container space, has short development period and low cost, and can be simply modified directly on a pure electric mature chassis. But the packing box space that occupies will influence the ability of carrying cargo, and the operation income is poor, does not satisfy end user appeal.

Chinese patent application number is CN 201820039389.4's utility model patent discloses a chassis arrangement structure of fuel cell commodity circulation car, though this utility model arranges fuel cell engine, power assembly, hydrogen storage tank, engine cooling system etc. in the chassis, but only arranged one set of engine cooling system in this chassis arrangement structure, can only cool off fuel cell engine, this utility model patent still has following technical problem moreover:

1. the power assembly (i.e., the motor) and the motor controller are cooled by liquid, and the coolant medium is antifreeze solution for vehicles, while the coolant medium of the engine cooling system in the patent is antifreeze solution for fuel cells. The engine cooling system of this patent cannot cool the powertrain and the motor controller because of the different types of coolant, and the patent does not consider the arrangement of a cooling system for cooling the powertrain and the motor controller.

2. The cooling system of the engine in this patent is not capable of cooling the auxiliary machine, and the cooling system for cooling the auxiliary machine is not considered to be arranged, because the cooling system is different in type, because the cooling method of the auxiliary machine in the fuel cell engine is liquid cooling and the coolant medium is the antifreeze for vehicles.

3. Two hydrogen storage tanks (hydrogen bottles) are arranged in the middle of the frame side by side in the patent, and cannot be realized in practical application. In the specifications of the vehicle hydrogen bottle, the diameter of the existing hydrogen bottle is generally four specifications of 350mm, 380mm, 400mm and 440mm, and the length is different from 1000mm to 2400 mm; the internal width of the frame of the light cargo truck is generally 660mm-670 mm. Therefore, two hydrogen storage tanks cannot be arranged simultaneously in the middle of the vehicle frame.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a full chassis arrangement structure of a fuel cell truck, which solves the problems of high center of gravity of the whole truck, low safety, poor maintenance convenience of a fuel cell system, large occupied container space and the like of the back type whole truck arrangement structure of the traditional fuel cell system; secondly, the problems that the hydrogen storage tank is unreasonable in arrangement and other modules of the fuel cell system are not considered are solved; thirdly, the problem that the matching arrangement of the auxiliary machine cooling system and the motor cooling system is not considered in the patent is solved.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a full chassis arrangement structure of a fuel cell truck comprises a frame, a fuel cell engine, a power cell, a hydrogen storage device, an electric drive axle system, a motor controller and a cooling system. The frame is composed of a left longitudinal beam, a right longitudinal beam and a plurality of cross beams, and provides a carrier for the whole chassis arrangement of the whole vehicle. The fuel cell engine is arranged at the location of a conventional diesel vehicle engine, between two front wheels. The power battery is arranged behind the fuel cell engine, the two hydrogen storage devices are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the power battery and are respectively fixed on the outer sides of the left longitudinal beam and the right longitudinal beam, and meanwhile, the hydrogen storage devices are arranged between the front wheels and the rear wheels. The electric drive axle system is characterized in that a motor is directly integrated with a rear axle through a speed reducer, the transmission efficiency is improved, the electric drive axle system is arranged between two rear wheels, and the released middle space of the frame can be used for arranging other components. The motor controller is arranged at the tail part of the frame and fixed on the left longitudinal beam and the right longitudinal beam.

The cooling system comprises an auxiliary machine cooling system, a galvanic pile cooling system and a motor cooling system. The auxiliary machine cooling system is arranged at the front overhang of the frame and fixed on the outer side of the right longitudinal beam and used for cooling the auxiliary machine. The electric pile cooling system is arranged in front of the fuel cell engine, fixed on the left longitudinal beam, the right longitudinal beam and the cross beam and used for cooling the electric pile. The motor cooling system is arranged at the tail part of the frame and fixed on the outer side of the left longitudinal beam, and is arranged behind the rear wheel and used for cooling the electric drive axle system and the motor controller.

Further, hydrogen storage device includes hydrogen bottle and is used for the support of fixed hydrogen bottle, and hydrogen is stored to hydrogen bottle in, and the support is fixed with the hydrogen bottle block.

Furthermore, the two hydrogen bottles are communicated in series through a first pipeline, the first pipeline is connected with one end of a second pipeline through a three-way joint, a valve group is installed on the second pipeline, and the other end of the second pipeline is connected with a fuel cell engine. The first pipeline enables the two hydrogen bottles to be communicated, and hydrogen in the hydrogen bottles is conveyed to the fuel cell engine through the first pipeline, the tee joint and the second pipeline.

Furthermore, the support comprises a frame shaped like a Chinese character ji, a small longitudinal beam and a clamping bracket. The two frames are symmetrically arranged in the front and the back, so that the front and the back plate spring supports can be effectively avoided, and the space utilization rate is improved. The number of the small longitudinal beams is three, and the three small longitudinal beams are fixed between the two inverted V-shaped frames in parallel. The clamping bracket is of a square frame structure and is vertically fixed on the three small longitudinal beams.

Furthermore, a snap ring is arranged in the clamping bracket, the snap ring is of a circular ring structure, the diameter of the snap ring is matched with that of the hydrogen bottle, and the hydrogen bottle is clamped in the snap ring.

Furthermore, a hydrogen system controller, a first hydrogen concentration sensor and a hydrogen filling device are mounted on the support, a filling opening is formed in one end of the hydrogen filling device, and the other end of the hydrogen filling device is connected with the hydrogen bottle through a filling pipe, so that hydrogen can be filled into the hydrogen bottle through the hydrogen filling device.

Furthermore, the front end, the rear end and the bottom end of the support are respectively provided with a skin thin plate, and the support is covered by the skin thin plates to protect the support and the hydrogen bottle.

Further, the fuel cell engine integrates an auxiliary machine, an electric pile, a fuel cell system controller, a hydrogen circulating pump, a second hydrogen concentration sensor and the like, wherein the auxiliary machine comprises an air compressor and a controller thereof, and a direct current-direct current converter.

Furthermore, the bottom end of the fuel cell engine is provided with a protection plate, and the protection plate is fixed on the ventral surface of the left longitudinal beam and the ventral surface of the right longitudinal beam and plays a role in protecting the fuel cell engine.

Furthermore, the bottom end of the fuel cell engine is provided with a hydrogen tail discharge port, and the hydrogen tail discharge pipe is connected with the hydrogen tail discharge port and extends backwards along the hydrogen storage device. The hydrogen and air mixture discharged from the hydrogen tail discharge port of the fuel cell engine is discharged out of the vehicle through the hydrogen tail discharge pipe.

Furthermore, a high-voltage box is arranged between the power battery and the electric drive axle system, a vehicle direct current-direct current converter is arranged between the electric drive axle system and the motor controller, a storage battery is fixed on the outer side of the right longitudinal beam and is positioned behind the rear wheel.

The full chassis arrangement structure of the fuel cell truck adopts an electric-electric hybrid technical route to match a fuel cell system with certain power and a power battery system with certain electric quantity. The whole vehicle arrangement scheme adopts a full chassis arrangement structure of a fuel cell system, the gravity center of the whole vehicle is low, the safety is high, the arrangement space of a container is not occupied, and the space utilization rate of the container is improved. The fuel cell engine is highly integrated, and is convenient for later maintenance and maintenance. In addition, the full chassis arrangement structure adopts three sets of cooling systems, so that the filling requirements of two different anti-freezing solutions can be met, and the corresponding heat dissipation effect on different parts is realized.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the installation of the hydrogen storage apparatus according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a stent according to the present invention;

fig. 4 is a schematic view showing the installation of the protection plate and the hydrogen tail discharge pipe in the present invention.

Description of the main element symbols:

1 vehicle frame

11 left longitudinal beam

12 right longitudinal beam

2 fuel cell engine

21 protective plate

22 hydrogen tail outlet

23 hydrogen tail calandria

3 power battery

4 hydrogen storage device

41 Hydrogen bottle

42 first pipeline

43 second pipeline

44 valve group

45 support

451 inverted V-shaped frame

452 Small stringer

453 card bracket

454 clamping ring

455 buffer pad

46 hydrogen system controller

47 first hydrogen concentration sensor

48 hydrogen filling device

5 electric drive axle system

6 electric machine controller

71 front wheel

72 rear wheel

81 auxiliary machinery cooling system

82 electric pile cooling system

83 motor cooling system

91 high-voltage box

92 DC-DC converter for vehicle

93 accumulator

Detailed Description

The technical solution in the embodiment of the full chassis arrangement structure of a fuel cell truck according to the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiment of the present invention. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely a few embodiments of the invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "lateral," "longitudinal," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "upper," "lower," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like are used in the orientation or positional relationship indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the invention and for simplicity in description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are therefore not to be considered limiting of the scope of the invention.

As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a full chassis layout structure of a fuel cell truck, which includes a frame 1, a fuel cell engine 2, a power battery 3, a hydrogen storage device 4, an electric drive axle system 5, a motor controller 6 and a cooling system. The frame 1 is composed of a left longitudinal beam 11, a right longitudinal beam 12 and a plurality of cross beams, and provides a carrier for the arrangement of the whole chassis of the whole vehicle.

The fuel cell engine 2 is disposed at the position of a conventional diesel vehicle engine, and is located between two front wheels 71. The fuel cell engine 2 integrates an auxiliary machine, an electric stack, a fuel cell system controller, a hydrogen circulation pump, a second hydrogen concentration sensor, and the like, wherein the auxiliary machine includes an air compressor and a controller thereof, and a dc-dc converter.

The power battery 3 is disposed behind the fuel cell engine 1, and both sides thereof are fixed to a left side member 11 and a right side member 12. Two hydrogen storage devices 4 are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the power battery 3 and are respectively fixed on the outer side of the left longitudinal beam 11 and the outer side of the right longitudinal beam 12, and meanwhile, each hydrogen storage device 4 is uniformly arranged between the front wheel 71 and the rear wheel 72. Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, each hydrogen storage device 4 includes a hydrogen bottle 41 and a bracket 45, the bracket 45 is used for clamping and fixing the hydrogen bottle 41, a hydrogen system controller 46, a first hydrogen concentration sensor 47 and a hydrogen gas filling device 48 are mounted on the bracket 45, one end of the hydrogen gas filling device 48 is provided with a filling port, and the other end of the hydrogen gas filling device 48 is connected with the hydrogen bottle 41 through a filling pipe, so that hydrogen gas can be filled into the hydrogen bottle 41 through the hydrogen gas filling device 48.

The hydrogen bottles 41 are provided in two, and hydrogen gas is stored therein. The two hydrogen bottles 41 are communicated in series through a first pipeline 42, and the first pipeline 42 is connected with one end of a second pipeline 43 through a three-way joint. A valve block 44 is mounted on the second pipe 43, and the other end of the second pipe 43 is connected to the fuel cell engine 2. The first pipe 42 communicates the two hydrogen bottles 41, and the hydrogen gas in the hydrogen bottles 41 is supplied to the fuel cell engine 2 through the first pipe 42, the three-way joint, and the second pipe 43.

As shown in fig. 3, each bracket 45 includes a frame 451 shaped like a Chinese character ji, a small side member 452, and a clip bracket 453. The two inverted V-shaped frames 451 are symmetrically arranged in the front and the back, so that front and back plate spring supports can be effectively avoided, and the space utilization rate is improved. Three small longitudinal beams 452 are arranged and are arranged between the two inverted-T-shaped frames 451 in parallel, two ends of each small longitudinal beam 452 are fixed with the inverted-T-shaped frames 451 through bolts, and the inverted-T-shaped frames 451 and the three small longitudinal beams 452 form a large frame structure. In practical applications, the number of the small longitudinal beams 452 may be four or more, and a plurality of the small longitudinal beams 452 may also be welded to the frame shaped like a Chinese character ji, which is not limited herein. The three clip brackets 453 are provided in a square frame structure, and the three clip brackets 453 are provided in parallel between the two frames 451 shaped like a Chinese character ji, and are vertically fixed to the three small longitudinal beams 452 by bolts. Referring to fig. 2, as described above, two hydrogen storage devices 4 are provided, one of the three clip brackets 453 is fixed to the ventral surface of the left side member 11 by bolts to fix one of the hydrogen storage devices 4 to the outer side of the left side member 11, and one of the three clip brackets 453 is fixed to the ventral surface of the right side member 12 by bolts to fix the other hydrogen storage device 4 to the outer side of the right side member 12. In practical applications, each support 45 may also include four or more card holders 453, which are not limited herein.

As shown in fig. 2 and 3, a snap ring 454 is provided inside the clip holder 453, the snap ring 454 has a circular ring shape, and the diameter of the snap ring 454 is adapted to the diameter of the hydrogen bottle 41, and the hydrogen bottle 41 is clipped in the snap ring 454. The buffer pad 455 is arranged between the hydrogen bottle 41 and the snap ring 454, and the buffer pad 455 is made of rubber, so that impact on the hydrogen bottle 41 during driving can be reduced, and carbon fibers outside the hydrogen bottle 41 can be effectively protected.

The front end, the rear end and the bottom end of the bracket 45 are respectively provided with a skin thin plate, the skin thin plates are fixed on the outer side of the inverted V-shaped frame 451 through bolts to cover the bracket 45, and the skin thin plates protect the bracket 45 and the hydrogen bottle 41 inside the bracket 45.

As shown in fig. 4, the protection plate 21 is provided at the bottom of the fuel cell engine 2, and the protection plate 21 is fixed to the ventral surface of the left side member 11 and the ventral surface of the right side member 12, and serves to protect the fuel cell engine 2 from the impact of foreign objects such as stones and the like and the contamination of mud and the like in rainy days during the driving. The bottom of the fuel cell engine 2 is also provided with a hydrogen tail discharge port 22, a hydrogen tail discharge pipe 23 is connected with the hydrogen tail discharge port 22 and extends backwards along the hydrogen storage device 4, and hydrogen and air mixture discharged from the hydrogen tail discharge port 22 on the fuel cell engine 2 is discharged to a larger external space through the hydrogen tail discharge pipe 23, so that potential safety hazards can be reduced.

As shown in fig. 1, the electric drive axle system 5 is formed by integrating a motor with a rear axle directly through a speed reducer, which is beneficial to improving the transmission efficiency. Electric drive axle system 5 is disposed between the two rear wheels 72, and the freed mid-frame space is available for disposing other components. The motor controller 6 is arranged at the tail part of the frame 1 and is fixed on the left longitudinal beam 11 and the right longitudinal beam 12. A high-voltage box 91 is arranged between the power battery 3 and the electric drive axle system 5, and a vehicle dc-dc converter 92 is arranged between the electric drive axle system 5 and the motor controller 6. A battery 93 is fixed to the outer side of the right side member 12, and the battery 93 is located rearward of the rear wheel 72.

The cooling system includes an auxiliary cooling system 81, a stack cooling system 82, and a motor cooling system 83. The auxiliary cooling system 81 is arranged at the front overhang of the frame and fixed on the outer side of the right side frame 12, the auxiliary cooling system 81 is integrated with an air conditioning condenser, the air conditioning condenser and the auxiliary cooling system share one set of electronic fan, and the auxiliary cooling system 81 adopts vehicle antifreeze and is connected with an auxiliary integrated on the fuel cell engine 2 through a cooling water pipe to cool the auxiliary. The electric pile cooling system 82 is arranged in front of the fuel cell engine 2 and is fixed on the left longitudinal beam 11, the right longitudinal beam 12 and the cross beam, and the electric pile cooling system 82 adopts special antifreezing fluid for the fuel cell system and is connected with the electric pile integrated on the fuel cell engine 2 through a cooling water pipe to cool the electric pile. The motor cooling system 83 is arranged at the tail part of the frame 1, fixed on the outer side of the left side frame 11 and arranged behind the rear wheel 72, and the motor cooling system 83 adopts an automotive anti-freezing solution to cool the electric drive axle system 5 and the motor controller 6.

According to the different antifreeze solutions, the nearby arrangement principle of cooling parts and the modularized design idea, three sets of independent cooling systems (an auxiliary cooling system 81, a galvanic pile cooling system 82 and a motor cooling system 83) are adopted to respectively cool an auxiliary machine, a galvanic pile, an electric drive axle system and a motor controller, so that the system resistance is favorably dispersed, the water pump type selection matching is easy, and the pipeline arrangement is relatively independent and simple.

It should be noted that: the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention. Therefore, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A full chassis arrangement structure of a fuel cell truck is characterized by comprising a frame (1), a fuel cell engine (2), a power cell (3), a hydrogen storage device (4), an electric drive axle system (5), a motor controller (6) and a cooling system, wherein the frame (1) is composed of a left longitudinal beam (11), a right longitudinal beam (12) and a plurality of cross beams,

the fuel cell engine (2) is arranged at the position of a conventional diesel vehicle engine and between two front wheels (71),

the power battery (3) is arranged behind the fuel cell engine (2),

the two hydrogen storage devices (4) are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the power battery (3) and are respectively fixed on the outer sides of the left longitudinal beam (11) and the right longitudinal beam (12), meanwhile, the hydrogen storage devices (4) are arranged between the front wheels (71) and the rear wheels (72),

the electric drive axle system (5) is arranged between two rear wheels (72),

the motor controller (6) is arranged at the tail part of the frame (1) and is fixed on the left longitudinal beam (11) and the right longitudinal beam (12),

the cooling system comprises an auxiliary cooling system (81), a galvanic pile cooling system (82) and a motor cooling system (83), wherein the auxiliary cooling system (81) is arranged at the front overhang of the frame (1) and is fixed on the outer side of the right side beam (12); the stack cooling system (82) is arranged in front of the fuel cell engine (2) and fixed on the left longitudinal beam (11), the right longitudinal beam (12) and the cross beam; the motor cooling system (83) is arranged at the tail of the frame (1) and fixed on the outer side of the left side beam (11), and meanwhile the motor cooling system (83) is arranged behind the rear wheel (72).

2. The full chassis arrangement of a fuel cell truck according to claim 1, characterized in that the hydrogen storage device (4) includes a hydrogen bottle (41) and a bracket (45) for fixing the hydrogen bottle (41), hydrogen gas is stored in the hydrogen bottle (41), and the bracket (45) fixes the hydrogen bottle (41) by snap-fitting.

3. The full chassis arrangement of a fuel cell truck according to claim 2, characterized in that two of said hydrogen bottles (41) are communicated in series through a first pipe (42), said first pipe (42) is connected to one end of a second pipe (43) through a three-way joint, said second pipe (43) is provided with a valve block (44), and the other end of said second pipe (43) is connected to said fuel cell engine (2).

4. The full chassis arrangement structure of a fuel cell truck according to claim 2, characterized in that the bracket (45) includes a frame (451) shaped like a Chinese character 'ji', two frames (451) shaped like a Chinese character 'ji' are provided, symmetrically and arranged in the front-rear direction, and a clip bracket (453); the number of the small longitudinal beams (452) is three, and the three small longitudinal beams are fixed between the two inverted V-shaped frames (451) in parallel; the clamping bracket (453) is of a square frame structure and is vertically fixed on the three small longitudinal beams (452).

5. The full chassis arrangement of the fuel cell truck as recited in claim 4, characterized in that a snap ring (454) is provided inside the card bracket (453), the snap ring (454) being a circular ring structure having a diameter corresponding to the diameter of the hydrogen bottle (41).

6. The full chassis arrangement structure of a fuel cell truck according to claim 2, wherein a hydrogen system controller (46), a first hydrogen concentration sensor (47), and a hydrogen gas filling device (48) are mounted on the support (45), and one end of the hydrogen gas filling device (48) is provided with a filling port, and the other end thereof is connected to the hydrogen bottle (41) through a filling pipe.

7. The full chassis arrangement of a fuel cell truck according to claim 2, characterized in that the brackets (45) are provided at their front, rear and bottom ends with skin sheets covering the brackets (45) for protection of the brackets (45) and the hydrogen bottles (41).

8. The full chassis arrangement structure of a fuel cell truck according to claim 1, wherein the fuel cell engine (2) integrates an auxiliary machine, a stack, a fuel cell system controller, a hydrogen circulation pump, a second hydrogen concentration sensor, and the like, wherein the auxiliary machine includes an air compressor and its controller, a dc-dc converter, and the like.

9. The full chassis arrangement of a fuel cell truck according to claim 8, characterized in that the bottom end of the fuel cell engine (2) is provided with a guard plate (21), the guard plate (21) being fixed to the ventral surface of the left side member (11) and the ventral surface of the right side member (12) for protecting the fuel cell engine (2).

10. The full chassis arrangement of a fuel cell truck according to claim 9, characterized in that the bottom end of the fuel cell engine (2) is provided with a hydrogen exhaust port (22), and a hydrogen exhaust pipe (23) is connected to the hydrogen exhaust port (22) and extends rearward along the hydrogen storage device (4).

11. The full chassis arrangement of a fuel cell truck according to any of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that a high voltage box (91) is arranged between the power cell (3) and the electric drive axle system (5), a vehicle dc-dc converter (92) is arranged between the electric drive axle system (5) and the motor controller (6), a battery (93) is fixed to the outside of the right side member (12), and the battery (93) is located behind the rear wheel (72).