CN1116141C - 用于除屑切削的刀具和夹具 - Google Patents

用于除屑切削的刀具和夹具 Download PDF

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CN1116141C
CN1116141C CN99107527A CN99107527A CN1116141C CN 1116141 C CN1116141 C CN 1116141C CN 99107527 A CN99107527 A CN 99107527A CN 99107527 A CN99107527 A CN 99107527A CN 1116141 C CN1116141 C CN 1116141C
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anchor clamps
cutting insert
cantilever
projection
knife rest
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CN1237495A (zh
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米卡埃尔·扬松
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Seco Tools AB
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23QDETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q11/00Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23BTURNING; BORING
    • B23B27/00Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
    • B23B27/14Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material
    • B23B27/16Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material with exchangeable cutting bits or cutting inserts, e.g. able to be clamped
    • B23B27/1666Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material with exchangeable cutting bits or cutting inserts, e.g. able to be clamped with plate-like cutting inserts clamped by a clamping member acting almost perpendicularly on chip-forming plane
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/22Cutters, for shaping including holder having seat for inserted tool
    • Y10T407/2272Cutters, for shaping including holder having seat for inserted tool with separate means to fasten tool to holder
    • Y10T407/2282Cutters, for shaping including holder having seat for inserted tool with separate means to fasten tool to holder including tool holding clamp and clamp actuator
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/22Cutters, for shaping including holder having seat for inserted tool
    • Y10T407/2272Cutters, for shaping including holder having seat for inserted tool with separate means to fasten tool to holder
    • Y10T407/2282Cutters, for shaping including holder having seat for inserted tool with separate means to fasten tool to holder including tool holding clamp and clamp actuator
    • Y10T407/2286Resiliently biased clamp jaw
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/22Cutters, for shaping including holder having seat for inserted tool
    • Y10T407/2272Cutters, for shaping including holder having seat for inserted tool with separate means to fasten tool to holder
    • Y10T407/2282Cutters, for shaping including holder having seat for inserted tool with separate means to fasten tool to holder including tool holding clamp and clamp actuator
    • Y10T407/229Pivoted jaw
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/22Cutters, for shaping including holder having seat for inserted tool
    • Y10T407/2272Cutters, for shaping including holder having seat for inserted tool with separate means to fasten tool to holder
    • Y10T407/2282Cutters, for shaping including holder having seat for inserted tool with separate means to fasten tool to holder including tool holding clamp and clamp actuator
    • Y10T407/2292Slidable jaw

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Cutting Tools, Boring Holders, And Turrets (AREA)
  • Drilling Tools (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及用于除屑切削、最好是用于车削的一刀具和一夹具。该刀具有一带切削镶刃槽的刀架。该刀架在离切削镶刃槽一距离处有一斜面,该斜面在离开切削镶刃槽的方向上向下倾斜。该刀架有一螺纹孔以夹紧一夹具。切削镶刃槽中有一切削镶刃,其上表面的至少一部分为平面。与夹具中的一孔和螺纹孔配合的夹紧装置在装配切削镶刃时在所述方向上向内推动切削镶刃。该夹具和该刀架包括用于抵抗夹具在所述方向上运动的一弹簧和/或一止挡面。

Description

用于除屑切削的刀具和夹具
技术领域
本发明涉及一种除屑切削、最好是用于车削的刀具和夹具。
背景技术
US-A-4,480,950或US-A-5,100,268公开了上述类型的刀具。该公知刀具包括一把一切削镶刃夹紧在一刀架的一切削镶刃槽上的夹具。该夹具的前端与该切削镶刃上的一凹座配合,从而当作用在该夹具中部上的螺丝旋紧时切削镶刃被向下、向里推动。夹具的后端有一与刀架上的一斜面配合的斜面。该夹具在螺丝旋紧时移动。该公知刀具的一个缺点是:切削镶刃上必须有所述凹座,夹具才能夹紧切削镶刃。另一个缺点是夹具会发生塑性变形。此外,该公知刀具无法夹紧其各表面为平面的实心切削镶刃。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是提供具有现有技术所具有的优点的刀具和夹具。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种刀具,该刀具包括一用于夹具的恰当止挡,从而避免夹具的塑性变形。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种刀具,该刀具的夹具与现有刀具相比,具有一较长的有效配合。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种可夹紧平面型切削镶刃的刀具。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种具有上述优点的刀具。
为了实现上述目的,本发明提出了用于除屑切削、最好用于车削的刀具,包括:-一具有一切削镶刃槽的刀架,该切削镶刃槽有一底面和至少一个支撑面,所述刀架在离切削镶刃槽一距离处有一斜面,该斜面在离开切削镶刃槽的方向(F)上向下倾斜,所述刀架有一用来夹紧一夹具的螺纹孔,所述刀架可用来固定一实心切削镶刃;-切削镶刃槽中的一切削镶刃,所述切削镶刃的上表面的至少一部分为平面;-所述刀架上与该切削镶刃接触的一夹具,所述夹具有一突起,该突起有一与刀架的所述斜面接触的滑动面;-夹紧装置,它与夹具中的一孔和所述螺纹孔配合,从而在装配时在所述方向(F)上向内推动切削镶刃;其特征在于,该夹具和该刀架包括用于抵抗该夹具在所述方向(F)上运动的装置。
优选的是,该装置包括一可相对夹具和/或刀架作弹性运动的装置;和/或该装置包括向滑动面倾斜的止挡面,该止挡面与一向倾斜面倾斜的抵靠斜面配合。
优选的是,该装置包括一悬臂,该悬臂与突起的一后面连接。
优选的是,该悬臂的连接部位为该后面的与突起的自由端相反的一端;该悬臂通过在夹具的基体材料上机加工出一切口而与夹具制成一体。
优选的是,该悬臂越过由突起的止挡面或其切线界定的一平面。
优选的是,该夹具有一突起,该突起有一滑动面,所述夹具可把一实心切削镶刃夹紧在一切削镶刃槽上,该夹具包括用于抵抗该夹具在一方向(F)上的运动的装置。
优选的是,该装置包括一可相对夹具作弹性运动的装置;和/或该装置包括一向滑动面倾斜的止挡面。
优选的是,该装置包括一悬臂,该悬臂与突起的一后面连接。
优选的是,该悬臂的连接部位为该后面的与突起的自由端相反的一端;该悬臂通过在夹具的基体材料上机加工出一切口而与夹具制成一体。
优选的是,该悬臂越过由突起的止挡面或其切线界定的一平面。
这些和其他目的用结合附图并由本发明技术案限定的一刀具和一夹具实现。
附图说明
图1为本发明一刀具的分解立体图。
图2A为装配好的该刀具的立体图。
图2B为装配好的该刀具的俯视图。
图3A-图3C为沿图2B中III-III线剖取的剖面图,示出该刀具的装配顺序。
图4A-图4C为该刀具的局部放大图,也示出该装配顺序。
具体实施方式
如图1所示,刀具10包括一用于车削的切削镶刃刀架11,其前端有一锥体,该锥体有一切削镶刃槽12,该槽有两个互成角度的支撑面13、14和一底面15。该底面15上有一螺纹孔。该刀架11有一杆身16。切削镶刃槽12旁有一靠近该杆身的第一凹座17。该凹座17与一在方向F(见图2B)上更靠近杆身的第二凹座18连接。该刀具10还包括一用一紧固螺丝20压靠该底面的夹铁19。此外,一切削镶刃21压靠该夹铁19和支撑面13、14。该切削镶刃21为多面体,包括相互平行的侧平面22。在某些情况下,切削镶刃只有中心部位为平行平面,而排屑面(chip surface)和邻接表面为异型面。该切削镶刃槽中也可插入圆形、三角形或菱形切削镶刃或三角形镶刃(ISO W镶刃)。
一夹紧装置23用来把切削镶刃21紧固地夹在切削镶刃槽12中,该夹紧装置23包括一杆或夹具24、一螺丝25、一定位销27、一空心销28和一压力杯29。为简明起见,图3C-图4C中未示出销27。
如图3A-图3C所示,夹具24呈细长楔形,从而该夹具有一纵向轴线33(见图2B)和一中心孔37。该夹具可用一旋入切削镶刃刀架11的一孔30中的螺丝25操纵。孔30的中心轴线与切削镶刃槽中的螺纹孔平行。该夹具的前端有一局部球面用于抵靠压力杯29上的一相配表面。该压力杯29用插入在该压力杯和夹具的两孔中的空心销28夹持在该夹具上。压力杯夹持在夹具上时可在一定程度上围绕该局部球面的圆心活动。压力杯的底面为平面。
如图5所示,刀架的第二凹座18包括两互成直角的第一表面31和第二表面32。第一表面31也可称为倾斜面,而第二表面32可称为止挡面。所述两表面与夹具的纵向轴线33垂直。第一表面31与刀架的顶面34成约30-60°角。第一表面中部相对于夹具的横向上有一孔35。孔35供定位销27插入,该定位销又以一间隙嵌入在夹具的一凹座36中。装配时销27用凹座36引导夹具。作为替换,该销也可与夹具制成一体而代替销27和孔35,从而在夹紧切削镶刃时该销在表面31的一凹槽中转动。
夹具24在与压力杯相反的第二端上有一突起38。如图4C所示,突起38正对刀架的自由端包括斜向靠拢的两表面:第一和第二表面39和40。第一表面39也可称为滑动面,而第二表面40可称为抵靠面。所述两表面与夹具的纵向轴线33垂直。第一表面39呈凸圆形,第二表面40与夹具的顶面34成约45°角。突起38有一后面41,一悬臂42连接其上。悬臂42连接在表面41的与所述自由端相反的一端上。该悬臂最好通过在基体材料上机加工出的切口43与夹具制成一体。该悬臂也可用其他方式装到夹具上。悬臂42越过一由该突起的第二表面40界定的平面,或者,在第二表面40为曲面时,由该曲面的切线界定的一平面。切口43在装配过程中最好不完全封口。
如图3A-图4C所示,该夹紧装置23的作用如下。其上最好开槽的定位销27紧紧压入孔35后把弹簧26放入孔30的扩大部中。当按上述程序用空心销28把压力杯29装到夹具的端部时锁定螺丝25的螺纹部穿过夹具中的孔37和弹簧26后旋入孔30中,见图3A和4A。此时,夹具不与切削镶刃和刀架直接接触。在这一位置上,切削镶刃可进行更换或转位。锁定螺丝的头部是螺丝在装配顺序中与夹具保持接触的唯一部位,此时该头部的底面可在凹座37中的一肩上滑动。该弹簧在该螺丝未旋紧时顶起夹具。
把一切削镶刃21插入切削镶刃槽12中,然后当螺丝25进一步旋紧时,夹具被压向刀架和切削镶刃,从而压力杯29的底平面22抵靠切削镶刃21,而突起38的第一凸出滑动面39与凹座18的向里、向后倾斜的第一表面31抵靠;悬臂42端部抵靠向前倾斜的止挡面32。″实心″切削镶刃指切削镶刃没有供销或螺丝穿过的中心孔。从图3B剖面图可见,压力杯的最前端与切削镶刃的最前端P相距a1。
当进一步旋紧螺丝25过程中,由于表面31与39之间的配合,夹具在方向F上更稍稍向后压向刀架和切削镶刃。同时悬臂42在方向F上抵抗这一运动,因此夹具围绕该螺丝倾斜,从而突起38因表面40抵靠表面32而在到达凹座18的底部之前压力杯与切削镶刃之间就已产生很大压力。也就是说,压力杯与切削镶刃之间的摩擦增大,从而随着夹具向里移向支撑面13、14,切削镶刃在方向F上受力。此时,压力杯的最前端与切削镶刃的最前端P相距a2(图3C),a2大于a1。
然后,如图3C和图4C所示,突起38的抵靠面40抵靠凹座18的止挡面32而突起38到达底部。操作员在旋紧螺丝时可注意到这时阻力突然变大,从而防止夹具和螺丝的塑性变形。由于突起38与凹座18的接触部位呈V形,因此夹具被紧固在图3C所示位置上。
切削镶刃要转位时,稍稍旋松螺丝,从而压力杯刚与切削镶刃的顶面分开悬臂42的反作用力就向前推动切削镶刃。从而切削镶刃的转位变得很方便。
因此本发明涉及具有一运动止挡、可形成比现有技术更加有效的配合的一刀具和一夹具;从而与现有技术相比,在装配程序的早期夹具首先通过与切削镶刃的摩擦抵靠即可牢固地夹紧切削镶刃。

Claims (10)

1、用于除屑切削、最好用于车削的刀具,包括:
-一具有一切削镶刃槽(12)的刀架(11),该切削镶刃槽有一底面(15、19)和至少一个支撑面(13、14),所述刀架在离切削镶刃槽一距离处有一斜面(31),该斜面在离开切削镶刃槽的方向(F)上向下倾斜,所述刀架有一用来夹紧一夹具的螺纹孔(30),所述刀架可用来固定一实心切削镶刃,
-切削镶刃槽(12)中的一切削镶刃(21),所述切削镶刃的上表面(22)的至少一部分为平面,
-所述刀架(11)上与该切削镶刃接触的一夹具(24),所述夹具有一突起(38),该突起有一与刀架的所述斜面(31)接触的滑动面(39),
-夹紧装置(25),它与夹具中的一孔(37)和所述螺纹孔(30)配合,从而在装配时在所述方向(F)上向内推动切削镶刃,
其特征在于,该夹具(24)和该刀架(11)包括用于抵抗该夹具在所述方向(F)上运动的装置(32、40、42)。
2、根据权利要求1所述的刀具,其特征在于,该装置包括一可相对夹具(24)和/或刀架(11)作弹性运动的装置(42);和/或该装置包括向滑动面(39)倾斜的止挡面(40),该止挡面与一向倾斜面(31)倾斜的抵靠斜面(32)配合。
3、根据权利要求2所述的刀具,其特征在于,该装置包括一悬臂(42),该悬臂与突起(38)的一后面(41)连接。
4、根据权利要求3所述的刀具,其特征在于,该悬臂(42)的连接部位为该后面(41)的与突起的自由端相反的一端;该悬臂通过在夹具的基体材料上机加工出一切口(43)而与夹具(24)制成一体。
5、根据权利要求3所述的刀具,其特征在于,该悬臂(42)越过由突起的止挡面(40)或其切线界定的一平面。
6、构成按权利要求1所述的刀具的一部分的夹具,该夹具(24)有一突起(38),该突起有一滑动面(39),所述夹具可把一实心切削镶刃夹紧在一切削镶刃槽上,
其特征在于,该夹具(24)包括用于抵抗该夹具在一方向(F)上的运动的装置(40、42)。
7、根据权利要求6所述的夹具,其特征在于,该装置包括一可相对夹具(24)作弹性运动的装置(42);和/或该装置包括一向滑动面(39)倾斜的止挡面(40)。
8、根据权利要求7所述的夹具,其特征在于,该装置包括一悬臂(42),该悬臂与突起(38)的一后面(41)连接。
9、根据权利要求8所述的夹具,其特征在于,该悬臂(42)的连接部位为该后面(41)的与突起的自由端相反的一端;该悬臂通过在夹具的基体材料上机加工出一切口(43)而与夹具(24)制成一体。
10、根据权利要求8所述的夹具,其特征在于,该悬臂(42)越过由突起的止挡面(40)或其切线界定的一平面。
CN99107527A 1998-05-29 1999-05-26 用于除屑切削的刀具和夹具 Expired - Fee Related CN1116141C (zh)

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SE9801903L (sv) 1999-11-30
US6146062A (en) 2000-11-14
DE69905516T2 (de) 2003-09-04
EP0960676A1 (en) 1999-12-01
SE513952C2 (sv) 2000-12-04
JP2000000703A (ja) 2000-01-07
KR19990088665A (ko) 1999-12-27
DE69905516D1 (de) 2003-04-03
KR100557383B1 (ko) 2006-03-06
EP0960676B1 (en) 2003-02-26
SE9801903D0 (sv) 1998-05-29

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