CN111613889A - Integrated radio frequency energy receiving device - Google Patents
Integrated radio frequency energy receiving device Download PDFInfo
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- CN111613889A CN111613889A CN202010492414.6A CN202010492414A CN111613889A CN 111613889 A CN111613889 A CN 111613889A CN 202010492414 A CN202010492414 A CN 202010492414A CN 111613889 A CN111613889 A CN 111613889A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
- H01Q1/521—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas
- H01Q1/523—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas between antennas of an array
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
- H01Q5/307—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
Abstract
The invention discloses an integrated radio frequency energy receiving device, and belongs to the technical field of wireless energy transmission. The system comprises a radio frequency rectification output module and a radio frequency energy receiving antenna array; the radio frequency rectification output module is a dielectric plate loaded with a radio frequency rectification circuit, and the radio frequency energy receiving antenna array is a binary PIFA array; the binary PIFA array comprises a metal ground layer and two radiation units, wherein opposite ends of the two radiation units are bent downwards and respectively hooked inwards in respective directions, the outer ends of the two radiation units are respectively connected with the metal ground layer through a short circuit metal sheet, and the two radiation units are both connected with coaxial feeders; the two coaxial feed lines are respectively connected with respective radio frequency rectifying circuits through respective impedance matching microstrip lines, and the two radio frequency rectifying circuits are connected with a load after the output ends are converged. The device integration level is high, compact structure, small in size, and it is applied to the rectenna with array antenna technique, can effectively improve the whole efficiency of radio frequency energy collection system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wireless energy transmission, and particularly relates to an integrated radio frequency energy receiving device.
Background
The wireless energy-carrying communication technology can realize the simultaneous transmission of wireless signals and radio frequency energy, namely, the wireless energy-carrying communication technology provides energy for wireless equipment while carrying out information interaction with the wireless equipment, and the wireless energy-carrying communication technology is a novel wireless communication type. The radio frequency energy collection technology in wireless energy-carrying communication is one of the realization technologies of wireless energy transmission, and is mainly used for realizing long-distance wireless energy transmission compared with a magnetic induction type wireless energy transmission mode, and the key way for ensuring the wireless radio frequency energy transmission is to improve the radio frequency energy collection efficiency.
In the prior art, radio frequency energy is mainly collected through a rectifying antenna, that is, electromagnetic waves in a space are collected on a radio frequency circuit of a receiving end, and the electromagnetic waves are converted into direct current energy through rectifying and filtering to supply power. The radio frequency receiving antenna and the rectifying circuit are key components of a radio frequency wireless charging system, and the performance of the radio frequency receiving antenna and the rectifying circuit is directly related to the input power range, the frequency broadband, the load range, the efficiency and the output voltage amplitude of the radio frequency energy transmission system, so that the economic and practical evaluation of the whole radio frequency energy collection system is influenced.
At present, most radio frequency energy receiving systems connect a receiving antenna occupying a large volume with a rectifying circuit through a pair of SMA interfaces, so that the receiving antenna has a large volume and different shapes, and is not beneficial to being applied to various portable wireless electronic devices. If the radio frequency receiving antenna and the rectifying circuit are designed separately, the receiving system of the wireless electronic equipment becomes huge and complex, and the coupling between the antenna and the high-frequency circuit influences the performance of the antenna and the efficiency of the rectifying circuit, thereby influencing the performance of the radio frequency energy mobile phone system. Therefore, the antenna and the rectifying circuit can be integrated together for design, so that the size and the weight of the system can be greatly reduced, the radio frequency conversion efficiency can be effectively improved, and stable and continuous available electric energy is provided for wireless electronic equipment.
The key to improving the overall efficiency of the radio frequency energy receiving system is to improve the antenna receiving performance and the circuit rectification efficiency. Aiming at improving the receiving performance of the antenna, in the optimization of the communication antenna, the main methods for improving the antenna gain are the MIMO technology and the array antenna technology, and the method is also suitable for the energy receiving field of the antenna. The performance of collecting the radio frequency energy by the single antenna is limited, the received radio frequency energy is low, and the whole collection amount of the radio frequency energy collection device can be effectively improved through the design of the antenna array. The chinese patent with application number 201711078562 proposes an integrated, miniaturized coaxial feed circularly polarized rectenna unit, but the array composition problem is not considered in the present invention.
In a word, the problems of low environmental radio frequency energy density and low overall radio frequency energy collection efficiency generally exist in the prior art, and the development of a wireless energy transmission technology is restricted.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an integrated radio frequency energy receiving device aiming at the defects in the prior art, the device has the characteristics of high integration level, compact structure and small volume, and the array antenna technology is applied to a rectifying antenna, so that the overall efficiency of a radio frequency energy collecting system can be effectively improved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
an integrated radio frequency energy receiving device comprises a radio frequency rectification output module and a radio frequency energy receiving antenna array; the radio frequency rectification output module is a dielectric plate loaded with a radio frequency rectification circuit, and the radio frequency energy receiving antenna array is a binary PIFA array; the dual PIFA array comprises a metal ground layer positioned on the upper surface of a dielectric plate and two radiating units which are positioned above the metal ground layer and have the same structure and the same height, wherein opposite ends of the two radiating units are bent downwards and are respectively hooked inwards in respective directions, the outer ends of the two radiating units are respectively connected with the metal ground layer through a short-circuit metal sheet, in addition, the two radiating units are respectively connected with respective coaxial feeder lines, and the coaxial feeder lines extend downwards and penetrate through the dielectric plate; the two coaxial feed lines are respectively connected with respective radio frequency rectifying circuits through respective impedance matching microstrip lines, and the two radio frequency rectifying circuits are connected with a load after the output ends are converged.
Furthermore, two nested U-shaped hollow grooves are formed in the radiation unit, openings of the two U-shaped hollow grooves face the outer end of the radiation unit, and the opening part of the inner U-shaped hollow groove protrudes out of the outer U-shaped hollow groove.
Furthermore, the radiation unit is rectangular, and the opposite end and the outer end of the radiation unit are respectively the inner side and the outer side of the rectangle.
Furthermore, a T-shaped hollow groove is formed in the metal stratum, and a leg of the T-shaped hollow groove is inserted between the two radiation units.
Furthermore, the short circuit metal sheet is positioned at an angle on the outer end of the radiation unit, which is far away from the top of the T-shaped hollow groove.
Further, the metal ground layer is a copper-clad layer on the dielectric slab or a metal slab fixed on the dielectric slab, and a support body for supporting the radiation unit is arranged between the radiation unit and the metal ground layer.
Furthermore, the impedance matching microstrip line is provided with a fan-shaped open-circuit branch node, a common open-circuit branch node and a short-circuit branch node, and the short-circuit branch node is connected with the metal ground layer through a metalized via hole.
Further, the radio frequency rectification circuit comprises an input filter capacitor, a rectifier diode, an output filter capacitor and a boosting voltage stabilizing chip, and the input filter capacitor, the rectifier diode and the output filter capacitor form a Greinacher voltage-multiplying rectification circuit structure.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. one end of each radiating unit is folded, so that the size of a circuit space occupied by the antenna units can be reduced, the distance between the two radiating units is increased, and the coupling between the antenna units is reduced.
2. The radio frequency rectification output module and the radio frequency energy receiving antenna array are integrated together, so that the overall size of the radio frequency energy receiving device can be reduced, and the integration level of the radio frequency energy receiving device is improved.
3. Furthermore, the U-shaped hollow groove is formed in the radiation unit, so that the radio-frequency signal receiving device can receive radio-frequency signals with three frequencies, and the energy receiving range is expanded.
4. Furthermore, the metal ground layer is also provided with T-shaped hollow grooves, so that the electrical distance between the antenna units can be further increased, and the decoupling effect is improved.
In a word, compared with a single-antenna rectifying antenna, the binary array provided by the invention can improve the gain of the antenna under the condition that the conversion efficiency of a rectifying circuit is not changed after the coupling of the antenna unit is reduced, and further improve the energy conversion efficiency from radio frequency to direct current. In addition, devices such as a low-pass filter, a rectifier diode, a filter capacitor and a load are arranged on the dielectric plate, so that the whole circuit volume of the radio frequency energy receiving system can be effectively reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an integrated rf energy receiving device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a top view of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an impedance matching microstrip line according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic circuit diagram of a single rf rectifier circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a circuit topology diagram of two rf rectifier circuits according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a circuit schematic of a prior art rectenna.
Fig. 7 is a return loss plot of a radiating element in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a graph of impedance matching of an antenna array in an embodiment of the present invention, in which the solid line represents the imaginary part of the input impedance and the dashed line represents the real part of the input impedance.
Fig. 9 is an overall gain pattern of the radiation unit in the embodiment of the present invention, in which the solid line and the broken line represent the gain patterns of the yz radiation surface and the xz radiation surface, respectively.
In the figure: 1. a dielectric plate; 2. a metal formation; 21. t-shaped hollow grooves; 3. a radiation unit; 31. a U-shaped hollow groove; 4. a short-circuit metal sheet; 5. a coaxial feed line; 6. a support body; 71. an input end; 72. an output end; 73. a fan-shaped open branch node; 74. short circuit branch sections; 740. a short-circuit terminal; 75. and (5) common open-circuit branch nodes.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, an integrated rf energy receiving device includes an rf rectifying output module and an rf energy receiving antenna array; the radio frequency rectification output module is a dielectric plate 1 loaded with a radio frequency rectification circuit, and the radio frequency energy receiving antenna array is a binary PIFA array; the binary PIFA array comprises a metal ground layer 2 positioned on the upper surface of a dielectric plate 1 and two radiating units 3 which are positioned above the metal ground layer 2 and have the same structure and the same height, wherein opposite ends of the two radiating units 3 are bent downwards and respectively hooked inwards in respective directions, the outer ends of the two radiating units 3 are respectively connected with the metal ground layer 2 through a short circuit metal sheet 4, in addition, the two radiating units 3 are respectively connected with respective coaxial feeder lines 5, and the coaxial feeder lines 5 extend downwards and penetrate through the dielectric plate 1; the two coaxial feed lines 5 are respectively connected with respective radio frequency rectifying circuits through respective impedance matching microstrip lines, and the two radio frequency rectifying circuits are connected with a load after the output ends are converged.
Furthermore, the dielectric plate can be made of FR4 plate, the relative dielectric constant is 4.4, and the loss tangent angle is 0.02.
Furthermore, the radiation unit 3 is provided with two nested U-shaped hollow grooves 31, the openings of the two U-shaped hollow grooves 31 face the outer end of the radiation unit, and the opening of the inner U-shaped hollow groove protrudes out of the outer U-shaped hollow groove.
Furthermore, the radiating element is a rectangular copper sheet, the dielectric constant of the radiating element is 3.5, the thickness of the radiating element is 0.25mm-0.3mm, the opposite end and the outer end of the radiating element are respectively an inner side edge and an outer side edge of the rectangle, and the folding height of the inner side edge is 5 mm. The hollow width of the U-shaped hollow groove 31 is 2mm, the width of the outer groove bottom is 27mm, the length of two outer sides is 23mm, the width of the inner groove bottom is 17mm, and the length of two inner sides is 21 mm.
Further, the metal ground layer is provided with a T-shaped hollow-out groove 21, and a leg of the T-shaped hollow-out groove 21 is inserted between the two radiation units 3.
Furthermore, the short circuit metal sheet 4 is located at an angle of the outer end of the radiation unit far away from the top of the T-shaped hollow groove.
Further, the metal ground layer is a copper-clad layer on the dielectric slab or a metal slab fixed on the dielectric slab, and a support body 6 for supporting the radiation unit is arranged between the radiation unit and the metal ground layer. The material of the support body can be selected from Rohacell radio frequency foam, the Rohacell radio frequency foam is filled between the radiation unit and the metal stratum and used for fixing the radiation unit, the thickness of the Rohacell radio frequency foam is the height of the radiation unit, and is the height of the short-circuit metal sheet, and the thickness of the Rohacell radio frequency foam is 10 mm. The radio frequency foam had a dielectric constant of 1.06 and a loss tangent of 0.005.
Further, as shown in fig. 3, the impedance matching microstrip line has an input end 71 for connecting a coaxial feeder line, an output end 72 for connecting a radio frequency rectification circuit, and a fan-shaped open stub 73, a normal open stub 75 and a short stub 74, and a short end 740 of the short stub 74 is connected to the metal ground layer 2 through a metalized via. The open sector stubs tend to produce a wider matching bandwidth.
Further, as shown in fig. 4, the radio frequency rectifier circuit includes input filter capacitors C1 and C2, rectifier diodes D1 to D4, output filter capacitors C3 and C4, a primary energy storage capacitor C5, and a boost voltage stabilization chip, where the input filter capacitors C1 and C2, the rectifier diodes D1 to D4, and the output filter capacitors C3 and C4 form a Greinacher voltage-doubling rectifier circuit structure. The circuit topology of the whole radio frequency rectification output module is shown in fig. 5. The rectifier diodes can be HSMS7630 in type and are packaged in SOT-23 chip format. The boost voltage stabilizing chip can adopt BQ25504 or LTC3108, and both chips have the function of energy management of weak energy collection, and the use mode of the boost voltage stabilizing chip is common knowledge.
In contrast, fig. 1 is a schematic circuit structure diagram of a conventional rectenna, and it can be seen that, in the conventional rectenna, a radio frequency receiving antenna and a rectifying circuit are separately connected, which occupies a large volume of the whole circuit and has a direct insertion loss. The invention adopts the mode of layered connection of the radio frequency receiving antenna and the rectifying circuit, and adjusts the matching resistance through the short circuit metal sheet, thereby effectively reducing the circuit volume.
The radio frequency energy collection process of the device is as follows: radio frequency energy is converted into micro alternating current through a receiving antenna, then is transmitted to a microstrip impedance matching circuit through a coaxial feeder, and then outputs direct current through an input filter capacitor, a rectifier diode, an output filter capacitor and a voltage stabilizing chip to supply power for a low-power consumption electronic product at a load end.
In this embodiment, the size of the whole device is 120mm × 60mm, and the antenna array adopts an optimized planar inverted F antenna structure, so that better impedance matching can be realized by adjusting the position of the coaxial feeder.
The device improves the isolation between the antenna radiation units and reduces the coupling between the radiation units while reducing the size and the weight of a radio frequency energy collection system, thereby effectively improving the radio frequency energy conversion efficiency and solving the problem that small passive low-power-consumption electronic products such as node equipment and mobile electronic equipment in a similar wireless sensor network cannot independently and stably continuously supply power.
Fig. 7 is a return loss graph of the antenna array radiating elements in the above embodiment, where the data of three points m1, m2, and m3 are as follows:
| name (R) | X | Y |
| m1 | 0.9210 | -19.0640 |
| m2 | 1.7920 | -12.4568 |
| m3 | 2.4130 | -17.8295 |
Fig. 8 is an impedance matching graph of the radiating element, where coordinates at point m4 are 0.9310, 0.5361.
The array antenna is short-circuited by the metal sheet arranged between the radiation unit and the metal layer, and simultaneously meets the requirement of inverted F antenna characteristics by adopting a coaxial feed mode, so that the antenna impedance matching is favorably realized.
It can be seen from the figure that, because the radiating unit of the antenna is provided with the U-shaped hollow groove, three central frequency points such as 900MHz, 1.8GHz and 2.4GHz are provided, the antenna realizes better impedance matching at the frequency point of 915MHz, and the bandwidth for realizing impedance matching at 1.8GHz and 2.4GHz is narrower.
Fig. 9 is a graph of the gain of the radiating element, up to a gain of about 5.9 dBm.
In addition, the device also adopts a fan-shaped open-circuit branch node matching method to carry out impedance matching with the rectifying circuit, thereby easily increasing the matching bandwidth.
The energy conversion efficiency formula of the device is as follows:
wherein, VoutIs the voltage output across the load, RLIs a load resistance, PinIs the received power of the antenna. Compared with the traditional single-antenna rectifying antenna, the binary array of the device can improve the gain of the antenna under the condition that the conversion efficiency of a rectifying circuit is not changed after the coupling of the antenna units is reduced, and further improve the energy conversion efficiency from radio frequency to direct current.
In a word, the device adopts two planar inverted F antennas as a receiving antenna array, integrates the receiving antenna with a micro-strip rectifying circuit by adopting a layered structure, and a reflecting surface of a radio frequency receiving antenna and the micro-strip rectifying circuit share the same metal reflecting ground plane, so that the integration level of the whole device is improved, the energy conversion efficiency is enhanced, the device has higher sensitivity and wider frequency band, can collect low-density environmental radio frequency energy in a free space, has the characteristics of decoupling, integration and capability of receiving three frequency bands, and is an important improvement on the prior art.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. Various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art without inventive step within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. An integrated radio frequency energy receiving device comprises a radio frequency rectification output module and a radio frequency energy receiving antenna array; the radio frequency energy receiving antenna is characterized in that the radio frequency rectification output module is a dielectric plate (6) loaded with a radio frequency rectification circuit, and the radio frequency energy receiving antenna array is a binary PIFA array; the binary PIFA array comprises a metal ground layer positioned on the upper surface of a dielectric plate (6) and two radiating units which are positioned above the metal ground layer, have the same structure and the same height, wherein opposite ends of the two radiating units are bent downwards and are respectively hooked inwards in respective directions, the outer ends of the two radiating units are respectively connected with the metal ground layer through a short-circuit metal sheet, in addition, the two radiating units are respectively connected with respective coaxial feeder lines, and the coaxial feeder lines extend downwards and penetrate through the dielectric plate (6); the two coaxial feed lines are respectively connected with respective radio frequency rectifying circuits through respective impedance matching microstrip lines, and the two radio frequency rectifying circuits are connected with a load after the output ends are converged.
2. The integrated RF energy receiver according to claim 1, wherein the radiating unit has two U-shaped hollow-out slots embedded therein, and the two U-shaped hollow-out slots have openings facing the outer end of the radiating unit, and the inner U-shaped hollow-out slot has an opening protruding beyond the outer U-shaped hollow-out slot.
3. The integrated radio frequency energy receiving device according to claim 1, wherein the radiating element is rectangular, and opposite ends and outer ends of the radiating element are inner and outer sides of the rectangle, respectively.
4. The integrated radio frequency energy receiving device according to claim 1, wherein the metal formation has a T-shaped hollowed-out groove, and a leg of the T-shaped hollowed-out groove is inserted between the two radiation units.
5. The integrated radio frequency energy receiving device according to claim 4, wherein the shorting metal tab is located at a corner of the outer end of the radiating element away from the top of the T-shaped slot.
6. The integrated radio-frequency energy receiving device according to claim 1, wherein the metal ground layer is a copper-clad layer on a dielectric plate or a metal plate fixed on the dielectric plate, and a support body for supporting the radiation unit is disposed between the radiation unit and the metal ground layer.
7. The integrated radio frequency energy receiving device according to claim 1, wherein the impedance matching microstrip line has a sector open stub, a normal open stub and a short stub, the short stub being connected to the metal ground through a metalized via.
8. The integrated radio frequency energy receiving device according to claim 1, wherein the radio frequency rectifying circuit comprises an input filter capacitor, a rectifying diode, an output filter capacitor and a boost voltage stabilizing chip, and the input filter capacitor, the rectifying diode and the output filter capacitor form a Greinacher voltage doubling rectifying circuit structure.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112382852A (en) * | 2020-11-20 | 2021-02-19 | 深圳市德兴达科技有限公司 | Electronic equipment and double-antenna energy acquisition device |
| CN113178951A (en) * | 2021-03-05 | 2021-07-27 | 内蒙古显鸿科技股份有限公司 | Energy acquisition device based on multiple antennas |
| CN113381178A (en) * | 2021-06-24 | 2021-09-10 | 西安电子科技大学 | Integrated small-sized rectifying antenna based on energy collection |
| CN115133673A (en) * | 2022-09-01 | 2022-09-30 | 荣耀终端有限公司 | Radio frequency energy collector and electronic equipment |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112382852A (en) * | 2020-11-20 | 2021-02-19 | 深圳市德兴达科技有限公司 | Electronic equipment and double-antenna energy acquisition device |
| CN113178951A (en) * | 2021-03-05 | 2021-07-27 | 内蒙古显鸿科技股份有限公司 | Energy acquisition device based on multiple antennas |
| CN113381178A (en) * | 2021-06-24 | 2021-09-10 | 西安电子科技大学 | Integrated small-sized rectifying antenna based on energy collection |
| CN115133673A (en) * | 2022-09-01 | 2022-09-30 | 荣耀终端有限公司 | Radio frequency energy collector and electronic equipment |
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