CN111610280A - Optimization method of extraction process of taxane compounds in taxus chinensis - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses an optimization method of an extraction process of taxane compounds in taxus chinensis, which comprehensively considers the influence of a feed-liquid ratio, ultrasonic time, water bath time and water bath temperature on the extraction rate of the taxane compounds, establishes a quadratic polynomial equation model of the relationship between the extraction rate of the taxane compounds and the four factors by a response surface method, draws a three-dimensional curved surface diagram, and comprehensively analyzes the three-dimensional curved surface diagram to obtain the optimal process conditions: the material-liquid ratio is 1:15.94, the ultrasonic time is 46.99min, the water bath time is 6.31h, the water bath temperature is 50.43 ℃, and the extraction times are 3 times; the verification experiment proves that the process parameters are accurate and reliable; the invention utilizes a Box-Benhnken response surface Design method and borrows statistical software Design-expert8.0.6 to simply, conveniently and reliably carry out optimization experiment and data analysis, thereby obtaining better effect. The invention provides reference for the evaluation of the internal quality of the taxus chinensis and lays a foundation for the comprehensive utilization of the taxus chinensis.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of natural extracts, and relates to an optimization method of an extraction process of taxane compounds in taxus chinensis.
Background
Taxus chinensis (Taxus wallichiana var. chinensis (Pilg.) Florin), a natural anticancer plant, is well known because the american chemist extracted taxol, an anticancer drug with good biological activity, from it in the 60's of the 20 th century. The taxus chinensis contains a large amount of substances such as taxanes, flavonoids, polysaccharides and the like, can be applied to various aspects such as medicines, cosmetics, health products, foods and the like, and has good effects of resisting tumors, resisting inflammation, eliminating free radicals and the like in the aspects. Taxanes are diterpene compounds including anticancer drugs paclitaxel. At present, more than 400 kinds of taxane compounds are identified and separated, some taxanes such as baccatin III and 10-deacetylbaccatin III have 6/8/6 parent nucleus structures which are the same as that of paclitaxel, so that the taxane compounds can be used as raw materials for semi-synthesis of paclitaxel, and some taxanes such as paclitaxel, docetaxel and the like have good biological activity.
At present, orthogonal design and uniform design are mostly applied at home and abroad, the interaction of all factors cannot be comprehensively considered by the two methods, and the interaction relation between a plurality of response values and the factors is difficult to reflect.
In conclusion, it is very important to research and develop an efficient, simple and feasible extraction process of taxus chinensis taxane compounds.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems of extraction of taxus chinensis taxane compounds in the prior art, the invention provides a method for optimizing extraction process parameters of taxus chinensis taxane compounds based on a response surface method.
The invention provides a method for optimizing extraction process parameters of taxus chinensis taxane compounds based on a response surface method, which comprises the following steps:
s1, taking a taxus chinensis sample, cleaning, drying, crushing and sieving to obtain taxus chinensis powder for later use;
s2, placing the taxus chinensis powder in a methanol solution for water bath extraction, and respectively inspecting the influence of the material-liquid ratio, the ultrasonic time, the water bath time and the water bath temperature on the content of the taxane compounds in the extracting solution;
s3, establishing a multivariate quadratic equation by taking the feed-liquid ratio, the ultrasonic time, the water bath time and the water bath temperature as independent variables and the extraction rate of the taxane compounds as response values;
s4, carrying out response surface analysis on the multivariate quadratic equation, taking the extraction rate of the taxane compounds as the maximum value, and optimizing the extraction conditions of the taxane compounds in the taxus chinensis to obtain extraction process parameters.
In step S3 of the above scheme, when a multivariate quadratic equation is established, multivariate regression fitting is performed according to experimental data to obtain a quadratic polynomial regression of the extraction rate of the taxanes in the taxus chinensis to the independent variable feed-liquid ratio, the ultrasonic time, the water bath time and the water bath temperature, a mathematical model of the extraction of the taxanes in the taxus chinensis is established according to the experimental result, and the model is subjected to significance test.
Further, in step S2 of the above scheme, the content of the taxane compound in the extract is determined, quantitative analysis is performed by an optimized liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-multiple reaction monitoring (LC-MS/MS-MRM) method, and the content of the taxane compound in the sample is rapidly and effectively detected according to a standard curve.
In the above scheme, the chromatographic conditions of the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-multiple reaction monitoring (LC-MS/MS-MRM) method are specifically, Phenomenex aqua 5u C18 chromatographic column (50mM × 2.0mM,5 μm), gradient elution is carried out with A (0.4% formic acid, 10mM ammonium acetate aqueous solution) -B (acetonitrile) as mobile phase (0.01-0.5min, 20% B; 0.5-3min, 20% -85% B; 3-5min, 85% B; 5-5.1min, 85% -20% B; 5.1-7min, 20% B); the detection wavelength is 227 nm; the sample injection amount is 5 mu L; volume flow rate: 3 mL/min; column temperature: 40 ℃; the mass spectrum condition of the liquid chromatogram-tandem mass spectrum-multiple reaction monitoring (LC-MS/MS-MRM) method is specifically that an ESI positive ion mode and an ESI negative ion mode are scanned together; maximum pressure: 20 MPa; an ionization source: an electrospray ionization source (ESI source); air curtain gas (CUR): 10 psi; collision activation parameter (CAD): 5; ion source voltage: -4500.0V; ion source Temperature (TEM): 400 ℃; atomizing gas (GS 1): 65 psi; assist gas (GS 2): 60 psi.
Further, in the above protocol, paclitaxel, baccatin III, 10-deacetylbaccatin III, cephalomannine and 10-deacetylpaclitaxel were mixed with a concentration gradient of 50. mu.g/L, 100. mu.g/L, 200. mu.g/L, 500. mu.g/L, 1mg/L, 2mg/L, 5mg/L and 10mg/L, respectively, and then the mixed standard was subjected to standard curve plotting by LC-MS.
Still further, when the optimal process parameters are selected in step S4 of the above scheme, the extraction rate of the taxane compounds is selected to be the greatest within the selected 4 factor ranges, and the optimal process parameters for extracting the taxane compounds in the yew are obtained by analyzing through Design-expert8.0.6 software according to the regression model.
Preferably, in the above technical scheme, the method for optimizing the extraction process of the taxane compounds in the taxus chinensis further comprises determining the optimal extraction parameters of the taxane compounds in the taxus chinensis and performing experimental verification by using the extraction process parameters obtained in S4.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following positive and beneficial effects:
the invention takes the extraction rate of the taxane compounds as a response value, selects a feed-liquid ratio, ultrasonic time, water bath time and water bath temperature which have great influence on the taxane compounds on the basis of a single factor to investigate, establishes a quadratic polynomial equation model between the total score and four factors by a response surface method, draws a three-dimensional curved surface diagram, and comprehensively analyzes the three-dimensional curved surface diagram to obtain the optimal process conditions as follows: the ratio of material to liquid is 1:20, the ultrasonic time is 45min, the water bath time is 6h, and the water bath temperature is 60 ℃, so that the method provides reference and basis for the quality evaluation of the taxus chinensis and lays a foundation for the comprehensive utilization of the taxus chinensis.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the effect of feed liquid ratio on taxane compound content;
FIG. 2 is a graph of the effect of sonication time on taxane compound content;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the effect of water bath time on taxane compound content;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the effect of water bath temperature on taxane compound content;
FIG. 5 is a line contour plot of feed-to-liquid ratio versus sonication time versus taxane content;
FIG. 6 is a graph of the response of the ratio of feed to liquid versus the time of sonication versus the amount of taxane;
FIG. 7 is a line contour plot of feed to liquid ratio versus bath time versus taxane content;
FIG. 8 is a graph of the response of feed-to-liquid ratio versus bath time to taxane content;
FIG. 9 is a line contour plot of feed to liquid ratio versus bath temperature versus taxane content;
FIG. 10 is a graph of the response of feed-to-liquid ratio versus bath temperature versus taxane content;
FIG. 11 is a contour plot of water bath time versus sonication time versus taxane content;
FIG. 12 is a graph of the response of water bath time versus ultrasound time to taxane content;
FIG. 13 is a contour plot of sonication time and bath temperature versus taxane content;
FIG. 14 is a graph of the response of ultrasound time and bath temperature to taxane content;
FIG. 15 is a contour plot of bath time and bath temperature versus taxane content;
FIG. 16 is a graph of the response of bath time and bath temperature to taxane levels.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples, but is not limited thereto.
Meanwhile, the experimental methods described in the following examples are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
The reagents and materials are commercially available, unless otherwise specified.
Example (b):
a method for optimizing extraction process parameters of taxus chinensis taxane compounds based on a response surface method comprises the following steps:
(1) drying the collected taxus chinensis sample by using an oven, setting the temperature of the oven to be 60 ℃, crushing the sample by using a traditional Chinese medicine crusher after drying, and sieving by using a 40-mesh sieve to obtain taxus chinensis powder for later use.
(2) Drawing a content standard curve in a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-multiple reaction monitoring (LC-MS/MS-MRM) method: the chromatographic conditions are that Phenomenex aqua 5u C18 chromatographic column (50mM × 2.0mM,5 μm) is subjected to gradient elution with A (0.4% formic acid, 10mM ammonium acetate aqueous solution) -B (acetonitrile) as mobile phase (0.01-0.5min, 20% B; 0.5-3min, 20-85% B; 3-5min, 85% B; 5-5.1min, 85% -20% B; 5.1-7min, 20% B); the detection wavelength is 227 nm; the sample injection amount is 5 mu L; volume flow rate: 3 mL/min; column temperature: 40 ℃; the mass spectrum condition is that an ESI positive ion mode and an ESI negative ion mode are scanned together; maximum pressure: 20 MPa; an ionization source: an electrospray ionization source (ESI source); air curtain gas (CUR): 10 psi; collision activation parameter (CAD): 5; ion source voltage: -4500.0V; ion source Temperature (TEM): 400 ℃; atomizing gas (GS 1): 65 psi; assist gas (GS 2): 60 psi. Firstly, optimizing the MRM parameter of mass spectrum detection under the mass spectrum condition, and performing optimized response by flow injection of 5 taxane standard substances.
Respectively preparing mixed standards with the concentration gradients of 50 mug/L, 100 mug/L, 200 mug/L, 500 mug/L, 1mg/L, 2mg/L, 5mg/L and 10mg/L from paclitaxel, baccatin III, 10-deacetylbaccatin III, cephalomannine and 10-deacetylpaclitaxel, and then drawing a standard curve for the mixed standards by LC-MS. The linear regression equation for the 5 standards is shown in table one.
TABLE 5 Linear regression equation for standard
aLOD, limit of detection (S/N-3);aLOQ, limit of quantitation (S/N ═ 10)
(3) One-factor experiment for extracting taxane compounds from taxus chinensis
3.1 influence of feed liquid ratio on extraction ratio of taxane compounds
Accurately weighing 0.5g of a taxus sample, extracting with methanol, performing ultrasonic treatment for 30min, extracting for 4h in a water bath kettle at 40 ℃, setting the material-liquid ratio to be 1:10, 1:15, 1:20, 1:25 and 1:30 respectively, taking 100 mu L of the sample in a centrifugal tube, diluting by 10 times, filtering the extract with a 0.45 mu m filter membrane, filling the extract into a liquid phase vial, and taking a certain amount of the extract to detect the content of the taxane compounds.
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the effect of feed liquid ratio on taxane content: as can be seen from FIG. 1, the total amount of taxanes increased and then decreased as the feed-to-liquid ratio increased. The maximum value occurs at a feed-to-liquid ratio of 1:15.
3.2 Effect of ultrasound time on taxane extraction Rate
Accurately weighing 0.5g of a taxus sample, extracting with 10mL of methanol at 40 ℃, wherein the extraction time is 4h, and the ultrasonic time of each test tube is 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 min. After extraction, 100 μ L of the extract is diluted 10 times in a centrifuge tube, the extract is filtered through a 0.45 μm filter membrane and placed in a liquid phase vial, and a certain amount of the extract is taken out to detect the content of the taxane compounds.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the effect of sonication time on taxane content: as can be seen from FIG. 2, the total amount of taxanes increased and then decreased with increasing ultrasound time. The ultrasonic treatment time is 45min, and the extraction effect is the best.
3.3 influence of Water bath time on extraction yield of taxanes
Accurately weighing 0.5g of Taxus chinensis sample, extracting with 10mL of methanol, performing ultrasonic extraction for 30min at 40 deg.C, and performing water bath for 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12h respectively. After the experiment is finished, 100 mu L of the crude extract is taken out to be put into a centrifuge tube, diluted by 10 times, filtered by a filter membrane with the thickness of 0.45 mu m, put into a liquid phase small bottle, and a certain amount of the crude extract is taken out to detect the content of the taxane compound in the small bottle.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the effect of water bath time on taxane content: as can be seen from FIG. 3, the total amount of taxanes increased and then decreased with increasing duration of the water bath. When the water bath time is 6h, the extraction effect is best.
3.4 influence of Water bath temperature on the extraction yield of taxanes
Accurately weighing 0.5g of Taxus chinensis sample, extracting with 10mL of methanol, performing ultrasonic treatment for 30min, and respectively performing water bath in water bath pots at 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70 deg.C for 4 h. After all samples are cooled to room temperature, the crude extract is diluted by 10 times, filtered by a 0.45 mu m filter membrane, put into a liquid phase vial, and a certain amount of the crude extract is taken out to detect the content of the taxane compounds in the liquid phase vial.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the effect of bath temperature on taxane content: as can be seen from FIG. 4, the total amount of taxanes increased and then decreased as the temperature of the bath increased. The extraction effect is best when the temperature of the water bath reaches 50 ℃.
(5) Response surface test design
On the basis of the single-factor test, selecting a material-liquid ratio, ultrasonic time, water bath time and water bath temperature as test factors, using the obtained content of the taxane compound as a response value, applying a Box-Behnken response surface method test design principle to design a four-factor three-level response surface test, and determining the optimal extraction condition of the taxus chinensis according to the test result, wherein the test factors and the level design are shown in Table II.
Table two experiment factors and level design
The design and results of the response surface method are shown in the third table.
Design and results of the table three response surface method
(6) Response surface method analysis and optimization
The experimental data is subjected to multiple regression analysis by adopting statistical software Design-expert8.0.6 to obtain a regression equation of the influence of experimental factors on response values:
the results of the anova of the data are shown in table four.
Results of analysis of variance of the four data in Table
Note: *. P < 0.05, with significant difference; p < 0.01 was very significantly different.
The analysis result shows that the regression equation model of the response surface experiment is extremely remarkable (P < 0.01), which means that the experiment is successful and meaningful. The mismatching term P value is 0.2324 more than 0.05, the mismatching difference is not obvious, and no mismatching factor exists. The influence of X1, X12, X32 and X42 on the total extraction amount of the taxane compounds is extremely obvious (P is less than 0.01), the influence of X3 and X22 on the total extraction amount of the taxane compounds is obvious (P is less than 0.05), the influence of the other factors and the combination on the total extraction amount of the taxane compounds is not obvious (P is more than 0.05), the influence of each factor on the total extraction amount of the taxane compounds is X1, X3, X2 and X4 in sequence, namely, the feed-liquid ratio, the water bath time, the ultrasonic time and the water bath temperature. The correction decision coefficient R2 is 370.869 > 0.80, the coefficient of variation is 7.94%, which also means that the test result is more reliable, the fitting degree of the test model is higher, and the test model can be used for theoretical prediction of the total amount of the extracted taxane compounds.
Fig. 5-16 are a response surface graph and a contour graph plotted according to a regression equation to visually describe the interaction between two factors on a response value. In the contour diagrams, the contour lines in fig. 11 and 13 are arranged more uniformly, the response surfaces are all smoother, and the interaction between the ultrasonic time and the water bath temperature is not obvious. In addition, in the contour diagrams in fig. 5, 7, 9 and 15, it can be seen that the contour lines in each contour diagram are uniformly arranged, but blue can be clearly seen at the outer circle, which indicates that the interaction is stronger, and it can be seen from the response surface diagram that the response surface gradually has blue color to orange yellow color from outside to inside, and has a more obvious responsivity, which indicates that the 4 combinations have certain interaction.
According to the optimization result of the response surface method, the optimal extraction process of the taxane compounds comprises the steps of the feed-liquid ratio of 1:15.94, the ultrasonic time of 46.99min, the water bath time of 6.31h and the water bath temperature of 50.43 ℃. In consideration of the actual situation, the optimized process is adjusted to be that the material-liquid ratio is 1:16, the ultrasonic time is 47min, the water bath time is 6.3h, and the water bath temperature is 51 ℃, and 3 times of extraction tests are carried out on the taxus chinensis under the condition to verify the reliability of the extraction process predicted by the response surface method. The experimental result shows that the extraction amount of the taxanes is 296.99 +/-2.1462 mu g in each 0.5g of taxus chinensis sample. Compared with the theoretical yield of 298.477 mug, the error is 1.05 percent. Therefore, the process feasibility of response surface method optimization can be demonstrated.
Claims (7)
1. The method for optimizing the extraction process of the taxane compounds in the taxus chinensis is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, taking a taxus chinensis sample, cleaning, drying, crushing and sieving to obtain taxus chinensis powder for later use;
s2, placing the taxus chinensis powder in a methanol solution for water bath extraction, and respectively inspecting the influence of the material-liquid ratio, the ultrasonic time, the water bath time and the water bath temperature on the content of the taxane compounds in the extracting solution;
s3, establishing a multivariate quadratic equation by taking the feed-liquid ratio, the ultrasonic time, the water bath time and the water bath temperature as independent variables and the extraction rate of the taxane compounds as response values;
s4, carrying out response surface analysis on the multivariate quadratic equation, taking the extraction rate of the taxane compounds as the maximum value, and optimizing the extraction conditions of the taxane compounds in the taxus chinensis to obtain extraction process parameters.
2. The method for optimizing the process of extracting taxanes from taxus chinensis as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S3, when a multivariate quadratic equation is established, multivariate regression fitting is performed according to experimental data to obtain quadratic polynomial regression of the extraction rate of taxanes from taxus chinensis to the independent variable feed-liquid ratio, ultrasonic time, water bath time and water bath temperature, a mathematical model of the extraction of taxanes from taxus chinensis is established according to experimental results, and the model is subjected to significance test.
3. The method for optimizing the process of extracting taxanes from taxus chinensis as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein in step S2, the content of taxanes in the extract is determined, quantitative analysis is performed by an optimized liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-multiple reaction monitoring (LC-MS/MS-MRM) method, and the content of taxanes in the sample is rapidly and effectively detected according to a standard curve.
4. The method for optimizing the extraction process of the taxanes in the taxus chinensis as claimed in claim 3, wherein the chromatographic conditions of the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-multiple reaction monitoring (LC-MS/MS-MRM) method are specifically that Phenomenexaqua 5u C18 chromatographic column (50mM x 2.0mM,5 μm) is subjected to gradient elution with A (0.4% formic acid, 10mM ammonium acetate aqueous solution) -B (acetonitrile) as a mobile phase (0.01-0.5min, 20% B; 0.5-3min, 20% -85% B; 3-5min, 85% B; 5-5.1min, 85% -20% B; 5.1-7min, 20% B); the detection wavelength is 227 nm; the sample injection amount is 5 mu L; volume flow rate: 3 mL/min; column temperature: 40 ℃; the mass spectrum condition of the liquid chromatogram-tandem mass spectrum-multiple reaction monitoring (LC-MS/MS-MRM) method is specifically that an ESI positive ion mode and an ESI negative ion mode are scanned together; maximum pressure: 20 MPa; an ionization source: an electrospray ionization source (ESI source); air curtain gas (CUR): 10 psi; collision activation parameter (CAD): 5; ion source voltage: -4500.0V; ion source Temperature (TEM): 400 ℃; atomizing gas (GS 1): 65 psi; assist gas (GS 2): 60 psi.
5. The method for optimizing the extraction process of the taxanes in the taxus chinensis as claimed in claim 4, wherein paclitaxel, baccatin III, 10-deacetylbaccatin III, cephalomannine and 10-deacetylpaclitaxel are respectively prepared into mixed standard with concentration gradient of 50 μ g/L, 100 μ g/L, 200 μ g/L, 500 μ g/L, 1mg/L, 2mg/L, 5mg/L and 10mg/L, and then the mixed standard is subjected to standard curve drawing by LC-MS/MS-MRM.
6. The method for optimizing the process of extracting taxanes from taxus chinensis as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein when the optimal process parameters are selected in step S4, the extraction rate of taxanes is selected to be the greatest within the range of the selected 4 factors, and the optimal process parameters for extracting taxanes from taxus chinensis are obtained by analyzing through Design-expert8.0.6 software according to a regression model.
7. The method for optimizing the process of extracting taxanes from taxus chinensis as claimed in claim 6, wherein the optimal extraction parameters of taxanes from taxus chinensis are determined and experimentally verified by using the extraction process parameters obtained in S4.
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