CN111610114B - Method for testing crack propagation resistance of pipeline steel - Google Patents
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- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000009863 impact test Methods 0.000 description 3
- 210000003041 ligament Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G01N3/34—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying repeated or pulsating forces generated by mechanical means, e.g. hammer blows
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
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- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/006—Crack, flaws, fracture or rupture
- G01N2203/0062—Crack or flaws
- G01N2203/0066—Propagation of crack
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for testing the crack propagation resistance of pipeline steel, which comprises the following steps: firstly, cutting an improved DWTT sample at the middle part of a steel pipe along the circumferential direction of the steel pipe, processing a notch on the improved DWTT sample in a linear cutting mode, then cutting a back groove at the middle position of the back of the improved DWTT sample in a linear cutting mode, filling the notch with high-strength high-toughness steel, and marking scale marks between the notch and the back groove after polishing; and finally, carrying out a DWTT test, collecting load-displacement and load-time curves of the hammer head in the test process, and carrying out high-speed shooting to obtain effective DWTT energy. In the method, the steady state propagation speed of the crack is more than 200m/s, is consistent with that of a full-size blasting test, is much higher than that of a conventional drop hammer test, and simultaneously effectively avoids the generation of an abnormal fracture, and the obtained effective DWTT energy can accurately reflect the propagation resistance of the high-speed propagation crack.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of testing of dynamic fracture toughness of materials, and particularly relates to a method for testing crack propagation resistance of pipeline steel.
Background
Natural gas is a clean energy source and is also an inflammable and explosive dangerous medium, once cracks in a high-pressure natural gas pipeline expand in a long range, great disasters and losses are caused, and therefore the pipeline must be ensured to generate enough resistance to the cracks expanding at a high speed and stop the cracks in time. When the Charpy impact power (CVN) of the pipeline steel pipe is below 100J, the Battelle hyperbolic method can well predict the crack arrest toughness of the gas transmission pipeline. However, with the application of high-toughness pipeline steel (the Charpy impact energy is more than 100J), the Chartelle impact energy predicted by the Battelle hyperbola method is not accurate any more and is in danger, and a high correction factor needs to be multiplied when the crack arrest toughness of the pipeline is predicted. In this regard, it is generally accepted in the scientific and industrial industries that charpy impact energy does not accurately characterize high-speed dynamic crack propagation resistance of high-toughness pipelines. The charpy impact test suffers from three serious drawbacks: (1) the thickness of the sample is far lower than the actual thickness of the steel pipe; (2) The ligament width of the full-size test sample is only 8mm, so that the ligament width cannot represent the steady-state crack propagation stage in an actual steel pipe; (3) Charpy impact energy actually includes crack initiation energy and crack propagation energy, and the physical meaning of crack arrest is not clear. There is therefore a need to establish a new method for characterizing crack propagation resistance in high toughness pipes. The drop weight tear (DWTT) test uses a steel tube original wall thickness specimen with a ligament width of 71.2mm, much greater than that of the Charpy impact specimen, and is therefore considered to be the most promising alternative to the Charpy impact test.
However, the crack propagation speed in the conventional DWTT test is 10-15 m/s, which is far lower than the crack long-range propagation speed after the actual pipeline explosion by 200-300 m/s, and the difference of the order of magnitude exists. Meanwhile, for high-toughness pipeline steel, abnormal fractures commonly exist in drop weight samples, and the fractures are not consistent with actual gas transmission pipelines. It is therefore desirable to design an improved DWTT test specimen and method for high toughness pipeline steels to avoid the occurrence of anomalous fractures, to increase the fracture rate, and to correctly characterize the crack propagation resistance by extracting the effective DWTT energy.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for testing the crack propagation resistance of pipeline steel, which improves the crack propagation speed in a DWTT test, avoids the generation of abnormal fractures in the DWTT test and extracts effective DWTT energy data.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that a method for testing the crack propagation resistance of the pipeline steel is implemented according to the following steps:
step 2, processing notches on the improved DWTT sample in a linear cutting mode;
step 3, a back groove is formed in the middle of the back of the improved DWTT sample in a linear cutting mode, and high-strength and high-toughness steel is used for filling;
step 4, after the sample is processed, polishing the surface of the improved DWTT sample by using sand paper, and marking scale marks between the notch and the back groove at intervals of 2 mm;
step 6, obtaining the energy E of the DWTT sample according to the load-displacement curve and the load-time curve T And obtaining effective DWTT energy E according to the high-speed camera shooting result TY 。
The present invention is also characterized in that,
in step 1, the length of the improved DWTT test sample is 305 +/-5 mm;
W DWTT calculating according to a formula (1), wherein the tolerance is +/-1 mm; wherein the CVN range is 150J-300J;
W DWTT ＝0.2CVN+90 (1)。
in the step 1, for a steel pipe with the wall thickness of 15 mm-21.4 mm, adopting an original wall thickness sample; for steel pipes with the wall thickness of more than 21.4mm, the two surfaces are thinned to the wall thickness of 21.4mm, and the wall thickness tolerance is +/-1 mm.
In step 2, the width of the notch is less than 0.2mm, and the depth W of the notch q The formula (2) is shown in the formula (2);
in step 3, the width of the back groove is 5mm +/-0.4 mm, and the depth W of the back groove B 1/3 of the width of the improved DWTT sample is shown as the formula (3);
in step 5, during DWTT test, the hammering energy of the drop hammer tester is more than 100000J.
In step 6, the method specifically comprises the following steps: according to the load-displacement curve, finding a linear section of the load-displacement curve behind a maximum load point, performing linearity on the section by adopting a least square method, wherein the fitting degree is more than 95%, simultaneously determining a time range t 1-t 2 of the section according to the load-time curve, and obtaining DWTT energy E of the section in the linear section through load displacement integration T And determining the crack propagation distance d in the time period from t1 to t2 according to the high-speed image pickup result, wherein the effective area S = d x t and the unit area DWTT energy is E of the improved DWTT sample TD ＝E T (ii) S; for DWTT test samples with the original steel pipe wall thickness of less than or equal to 21.4mm, E TY ＝E TD (ii) a Calculating an improved DWTT test sample with the original steel pipe wall thickness larger than 21.4mm according to a formula (4) to obtain effective DWTT energy E TY ；
The beneficial effect of the invention is that,
1) The steady state propagation speed of the crack in the test is more than 200m/s, is consistent with the full-size blasting test and is far higher than the crack propagation speed in the conventional drop hammer test by 10-15 m/s; 2) The generation of abnormal fractures is effectively avoided; 3) The obtained effective DWTT energy E TY The size of the propagation resistance of the high-speed propagation crack can be accurately reflected.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a DWTT sample sampling site of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic size diagram of a DWTT sample of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of load displacement for a DWTT sample of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a drawing of a DWTT sample processed by the method of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an expanded image of a DWTT specimen processed by the method of the present invention;
FIG. 6 shows the crack arrest position of the test steel pipe in the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following detailed description and accompanying drawings.
The invention relates to a method for testing the crack propagation resistance of pipeline steel, which is implemented according to the following steps:
W DWTT the width of the DWTT sample is improved, unit mm and tolerance is +/-1 mm; w DWTT The magnitude depends on the charpy impact energy of the test steel pipe, and the higher the charpy impact energy of the test steel pipe, the wider the specimen width to provide a sufficient fracture velocity. The Charpy impact test was carried out according to the ASTMA370-18 standard. W is a group of DWTT The calculation is carried out according to the formula (1), wherein the effective range of CVN data is between 150J and 300J, W DWTT The effective range of (A) is: 120 mm-150 mm;
W DWTT ＝0.2CVN+90 (1)；
t is the sample wall thickness; for a steel pipe with the wall thickness of 15 mm-21.4 mm, adopting an original wall thickness sample; for steel pipes with the wall thickness of more than 21.4mm, the two surfaces are required to be thinned to the wall thickness of 21.4mm, and the wall thickness tolerance is +/-1 mm. In order to ensure the fracture rate, the large wall thickness test piece must be thinned.
The length of the improved DWTT test sample is 305 +/-5 mm;
step 2, processing notches on the improved DWTT sample in a linear cutting mode, wherein the width of each notch is less than 0.2mm, and the depth W of each notch q The formula (2) is shown in the formula;
step 3, a back groove is formed in the middle of the back of the improved DWTT test sample in a linear cutting mode, and high-strength and high-toughness steel is used for filling; the yield strength of the high-strength and high-toughness steel is more than or equal to 1500MPa, and the Charpy impact toughness is more than or equal to 40J;
the width of the back groove is 5mm +/-0.4 mm, and the depth W of the back groove B 1/3 of the width of the improved DWTT sample is shown as the formula (3);
after the back groove is added, the deformation absorption energy of the improved DWTT sample is reduced, the crack propagation speed is improved, and abnormal fractures are avoided;
step 4, after the sample is processed, polishing the surface of the improved DWTT sample by using sand paper of more than 400# and marking scale marks between the notch and the back groove at intervals of 2 mm;
Step 6, according to the load-displacement curve, finding a linear section of the load-displacement curve after the maximum load point, wherein the linear fitting degree of the section adopting a least square method is required to be more than 95%, the section is a crack high-speed steady-state expansion stage, the crack expansion speed can reach more than 200m/s, the crack expansion speed is constant in the section, as shown in figure 3, meanwhile, according to the load-time curve, the time range t 1-t 2 of the section is determined, and the DWTT energy E of the section is obtained through load displacement integration in the linear section T According to the high-speed imaging result, the crack propagation distance d in the time period from t1 to t2 can be determined, the wall thickness of the DWTT sample is t, the effective area S = d multiplied by t of the improved DWTT sample is obtained, and the unit area DWTT energy is E TD ＝E T /S；
E TY For effective DWTT energy, for the DWTT sample with the original steel pipe wall thickness less than or equal to 21.4mm, E TY ＝E TD ；
For the improved DWTT test sample with the original steel pipe wall thickness larger than 21.4mm, in order to eliminate the influence caused by wall thickness reduction, the effective DWTT energy E is obtained by calculating according to the formula (4) TY ；
According to the method for testing the crack propagation resistance of the pipeline steel, the width of the sample is far higher than that of a conventional DWTT sample, meanwhile, a linear cutting mode is adopted to process a notch, a back groove is formed in the back of the sample, the hammering energy in the DWTT test is improved, and the linear segment DWTT energy E is obtained through a load displacement curve T And further by deriving the DWTT energy E per unit area TD And further obtaining effective DWTT energy E through thickness correction TY . Series tests prove that the steady state propagation speed of the crack in the test is more than 200m/s, the steady state propagation speed is consistent with that of a full-size blasting test, the steady state propagation speed is far higher than that of the crack in a conventional drop hammer test by 10-15 m/s, the generation of abnormal fractures is effectively avoided, and the effective DWTT energy E obtained by adopting the method TY The size of the propagation resistance of the high-speed propagation crack can be accurately reflected.
Fig. 4 shows a DWTT test specimen processed and manufactured according to the method of the present invention, wherein the actual test specimen is divided into three regions, the foremost end is a notch processed by wire cutting, the middle part is a crack expansion region, the bottom part is a back groove region, and the back groove is filled with high-strength high-toughness steel. FIG. 5 is an image of a DWTT specimen processed and manufactured by the method of the present invention, during a test, taken by a high speed camera of crack propagation along the DWTT specimen.
In a certain three-pipe blasting test, the toughness of the steel pipes are arranged as shown in table 1, the middle steel pipe is a crack initiation pipe, the two sides of the crack initiation pipe are test steel pipes, cracks initiate from the crack initiation pipe and expand to the west 1 pipe and the east 1 pipe, as shown in fig. 6, and crack arrest is realized on the west 1 pipe and the east 1 pipe.
The fracture resistance represented by the traditional Charpy impact energy is that the West 1 pipe and the east 1 pipe have larger difference, namely 250J, 296J and 46J, which indicates that the Charpy impact energy cannot well represent the fracture resistance. And adopt the invention E TY To characterize the breaking resistance, one side was 988J/cm 2 One side is 1002J/cm 2 The difference is 14J/cm 2 And excellent consistency is presented.
TABLE 1 Steel pipe toughness distribution
Claims (3)
1. A method for testing the crack propagation resistance of pipeline steel is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, cutting an improved DWTT sample blank at the middle part of a steel pipe along the annular direction of the steel pipe, wherein CVN samples are taken from adjacent parts; w DWTT For improved DWTT specimen width, t is specimen wall thickness;
the length of the modified DWTT test sample is 305 +/-5 mm; w DWTT Calculating according to the formula (1), wherein the tolerance is +/-1 mm; wherein the CVN range is 150J-300J;
W DWTT ＝0.2CVN+90 (1)；
step 2, processing notches on the improved DWTT sample in a linear cutting mode;
the width of the notch is less than 0.2mm, and the depth W of the notch q The formula (2) is shown in the formula (2);
step 3, a back groove is formed in the middle of the back of the improved DWTT test sample in a linear cutting mode, and high-strength and high-toughness steel is used for filling;
the width of the back groove is 5mm +/-0.4 mm, and the depth W of the back groove B 1/3 of the width of the improved DWTT sample is shown as the formula (3);
step 4, after the sample is processed, the surface of the improved DWTT sample is polished smooth by using sand paper, and scale marks are marked between the notch and the back groove at intervals of 2 mm;
step 5, carrying out DWTT test, collecting load-displacement and load-time curves of the hammer head in the test process, and carrying out high-speed shooting;
step 6, obtaining the energy E of the DWTT sample according to the load-displacement curve and the load-time curve T And obtaining effective DWTT energy E according to the high-speed camera shooting result TY ；
The method comprises the following specific steps: according to the load-displacement curve, finding a linear section of the load-displacement curve behind a maximum load point, performing linearity on the section by adopting a least square method, wherein the fitting degree is more than 95%, simultaneously determining a time range t 1-t 2 of the section according to the load-time curve, and obtaining DWTT energy E of the section in the linear section through load displacement integration T And determining the crack propagation distance d in the time period from t1 to t2 according to the high-speed image pickup result, wherein the effective area S = d x t and the unit area DWTT energy is E of the improved DWTT sample TD ＝E T (ii) S; for DWTT samples with the wall thickness of the original steel pipe being less than or equal to 21.4mm, E TY ＝E TD (ii) a Calculating an improved DWTT test sample with the original steel pipe wall thickness larger than 21.4mm according to a formula (4) to obtain effective DWTT energy E TY ；
2. The method for testing the crack propagation resistance of the pipeline steel according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1, an original wall thickness sample is adopted for the steel pipe with the wall thickness of 15 mm-21.4 mm; for steel pipes with the wall thickness of more than 21.4mm, the two surfaces are thinned to the wall thickness of 21.4mm, and the wall thickness tolerance is +/-1 mm.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 5, the hammering energy of the drop hammer tester is more than 100000J during DWTT test.
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