CN111607904B - Production process of melt-blown non-woven fabric - Google Patents
Production process of melt-blown non-woven fabric Download PDFInfo
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- CN111607904B CN111607904B CN202010591506.XA CN202010591506A CN111607904B CN 111607904 B CN111607904 B CN 111607904B CN 202010591506 A CN202010591506 A CN 202010591506A CN 111607904 B CN111607904 B CN 111607904B
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- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000004750 melt-blown nonwoven Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 129
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 99
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 97
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 59
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012745 toughening agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000013013 elastic material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012803 melt mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
- D04H1/56—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving in association with fibre formation, e.g. immediately following extrusion of staple fibres
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D1/00—Treatment of filament-forming or like material
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/08—Melt spinning methods
- D01D5/088—Cooling filaments, threads or the like, leaving the spinnerettes
- D01D5/0885—Cooling filaments, threads or the like, leaving the spinnerettes by means of a liquid
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/08—Melt spinning methods
- D01D5/098—Melt spinning methods with simultaneous stretching
- D01D5/0985—Melt spinning methods with simultaneous stretching by means of a flowing gas (e.g. melt-blowing)
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of melt-blown non-woven fabrics, in particular to a production process of melt-blown non-woven fabrics; the melt-blown processing machine comprises a machine body; the end surface of the bottom of the machine body is fixedly connected with a storage box; the inner wall of the storage box is connected with an extrusion block in a sliding manner through an electric telescopic rod; a feeding pipe is arranged in the inner wall of the storage box; the inner wall of the right side of the storage box is fixedly connected with uniformly arranged spray heads; the invention is mainly used for solving the problems that the temperature of the fiber silk sprayed by the existing melt-blown processing machine is often reduced and fixed by adopting a natural cooling mode, the cooling forming speed of the fiber silk can be reduced due to the higher temperature of the fiber silk when the fiber silk is just sprayed, and the fiber silk is broken, and meanwhile, the existing melt-blown processing machine adopts a vertical mode to spray the fiber silk, the gravity of the fiber silk can be increased if the fiber silk is wound in the spinning process, and the fiber silk can be deformed after the gravity is increased, so that the fiber silk is finally broken.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of melt-blown non-woven fabrics, and particularly relates to a production process of melt-blown non-woven fabrics.
Background
The non-woven fabric is a fabric formed without spinning woven fabric, and is formed by forming a fiber web structure by directionally or randomly arranging textile short fibers or filaments and then reinforcing the fiber web structure by adopting a mechanical method, a thermal bonding method or a chemical method and the like. Compared with the traditional process, the process has the characteristics of short process flow, high production speed, high yield, low cost, wide application and the like, the non-woven fabric product has rich colors, is bright and bright, fashionable and environment-friendly, has wide application, attractive and elegant appearance, various patterns and styles, is light in weight, environment-friendly and recyclable, is internationally recognized as an environment-friendly product for protecting the ecological environment of the earth, is suitable for industries such as agricultural films, shoemaking, leathers, mattresses, child-mother quilts, decoration, chemical engineering, printing, automobiles, building materials, furniture and the like, and has the technical process of melt-blowing the non-woven fabric: polymer feeding, melt extrusion, fiber formation, fiber cooling, web formation, reinforcement into a fabric, and for the description of melt-blown nonwoven fabrics, the publication can be referred to as follows: the special material extrusion equipment and process research of polypropylene melt-blown non-woven fabric in Tianwei Dong, Liang Xiao gang, rubber and plastic technology and equipment, however, certain problems still exist in the current melt-blown non-woven fabric production process, and the special material extrusion equipment and process research specifically comprise the following aspects:
melt-blown processing machine spun cellosilk among the prior art often adopts natural cooling's mode to cool down fixedly, self temperature when the cellosilk just jets is higher because of the cellosilk, thereby can slow down cellosilk cooling shaping speed, thereby can make the cellosilk cooling untimely, lead to the cracked condition of cellosilk, melt-blown processing machine at present simultaneously all adopts the vertically mode to spout the silk, if take place the winding between the cellosilk at the in-process that spouts the silk, can increase cellosilk self gravity, the cellosilk is in under the high temperature condition simultaneously, can lead to the cellosilk to take place deformation after gravity increases, finally lead to the cracked problem of cellosilk.
Some proposals related to the production process of melt-blown non-woven fabrics exist in the prior art, for example, patent No. 201110286864.0 is named as a patent of the production process of melt-blown non-woven fabrics, the non-woven fabrics made of various raw materials such as PP particles, PP cooling master batches and PP powder have certain functions, but the waste of fiber filaments can be caused in the process of extruding the raw materials.
In view of the above, in order to overcome the above technical problems, the present inventors have designed and developed a production process of melt-blown nonwoven fabric, made a special melt-blowing processing machine, and solved the above technical problems.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to make up for the defects of the prior art, the production process of the melt-blown non-woven fabric provided by the invention is mainly used for solving the problems that the temperature of the fiber filaments sprayed by the conventional melt-blown processing machine is usually reduced and fixed in a natural cooling mode, the cooling forming speed of the fiber filaments is reduced due to the higher temperature of the fiber filaments when the fiber filaments are just sprayed out, the fiber filaments are cooled untimely and are broken, and the conventional melt-blown processing machine adopts a vertical mode for spinning, so that if the fiber filaments are wound in the spinning process, the gravity of the fiber filaments can be increased, and the fiber filaments are in a high-temperature state, and are deformed after the gravity is increased and finally broken.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a production process of melt-blown non-woven fabric comprises the following steps:
s1: firstly, putting the selected polypropylene raw material into a crushing device for crushing treatment, and after the crushing of the polypropylene is finished, putting the raw material into a grinding machine for secondary grinding, wherein the grinding time is 40-60 minutes, and the thinning degree of the ground raw material is 90-100 meshes;
s2: putting the ground raw materials in the step S1 into a stirring device, adding deionized water into the stirring device, stirring and mixing the ground raw materials, heating the toughening agent in the stirring device during stirring of the raw materials, and continuously stirring for 60-80 minutes;
s3, heating the stirring device to 25-30 ℃ when the toughening agent is heated in S2, then continuously stirring at a constant speed in the passing direction, and obtaining a molten mixture after the raw materials are stirred;
s4: injecting the molten mixture prepared in the step S3 into a storage box in a melt-blowing processing machine for spinning, driving the fiber filaments to flow into uniformly arranged flow guide bins by cooling liquid in the melt-blowing processing machine after the fibers are spun, and winding the fiber filaments on a winding machine along with an adsorption belt after the fiber filaments flow out of the flow guide bins;
s5: processing the fiber filaments prepared in the S4 to obtain a melt-blown fiber layer, and then dividing and winding the prepared melt-blown fiber layer to obtain melt-blown non-woven fabric;
the melt-blown processing machine comprises a machine body, wherein solidification liquid is contained in the machine body; the end face of the bottom of the machine body is fixedly connected with a storage box, and the storage box is used for containing a molten mixture; the inner wall of the storage box is connected with an extrusion block in a sliding manner through an electric telescopic rod; a feeding pipe is arranged in the inner wall of the storage box; the inner wall of the right side of the storage box is fixedly connected with uniformly arranged spray heads; the end face of the right side of the storage box is fixedly connected with uniformly arranged flow guide bins which are all wrapped with spray heads; the right side of the storage box is fixedly connected with a shunting bin which is used for separating the spray heads for use; the lower surface of the machine body is fixedly connected with first liquid pumps which are uniformly arranged, and first liquid pipes on the first liquid pumps extend into the diversion bin; the cavity in each diversion bin is rotatably connected with diversion belts which are uniformly arranged at the central line position of the diversion bin through a rotating shaft, and the number of the diversion belts is two; the diversion belt is used for separating the fiber filaments; the outer surface of the upper diversion belt is fixedly connected with first arc-shaped layers which are uniformly arranged and made of elastic rubber materials; a notch is formed in the inner wall of the first arc-shaped layer at one side, opposite to each first arc-shaped layer; the outer surface of the lower diversion belt is fixedly connected with clamping shafts which are uniformly arranged and are matched with the notches; the outer surface of the lower diversion belt is fixedly connected with second arc-shaped layers which are uniformly arranged; the right side of each diversion bin is fixedly connected with a collection bin, and the diversion bins are communicated with the collection bins; each flow guide belt extends into the collection bin; the right side of the collection bin is rotatably connected with an adsorption band in the machine body through a rotating shaft, and the adsorption band is designed to be permeable; the adsorption belt is obliquely arranged rightwards and extends out of the machine body; the right side of the flow guide belt is fixedly connected with a second liquid pump at the end face of the right side of the machine body, and a liquid suction pipe of the second liquid pump extends into the machine body; the liquid outlet pipe of the second liquid pump extends to the lower part of the adsorption belt; the left end face of a liquid pumping pipe on the second liquid pump is fixedly connected with a liquid pumping box, and first through holes which are uniformly distributed are formed in the inner wall of the liquid pumping box;
when the melt-blown processing machine works, the fiber filaments sprayed by the melt-blown processing machine in the prior art are usually cooled and fixed in a natural cooling mode, the temperature of the fiber filaments is higher when the fiber filaments are just sprayed, so that the cooling forming speed of the fiber filaments can be reduced, the fiber filaments can be cooled untimely, and the fiber filaments are broken, meanwhile, the conventional melt-blown processing machine adopts a vertical mode for spinning, if the fiber filaments are wound in the spinning process, the gravity of the fiber filaments can be increased, and meanwhile, the fiber filaments are in a high-temperature state, the fiber filaments can be deformed after the gravity is increased, and finally the fiber filaments are broken, so that the melt-blown processing machine is manufactured by spinning the raw materials in the cooling liquid, and the cooling liquid can rapidly cool the fiber filaments after the raw materials are spun, so that the condition that the temperature of the fiber filaments is higher and the fiber filaments are broken can be prevented, when the melt-blown processing machine manufactured by the invention is used, firstly, a melt mixture is injected into the storage box through the feed pipe, at the moment, the melt-blown processing machine is started, after the melt-blown processing machine is started, the first liquid pumps and the second liquid pumps which are uniformly arranged start to work, in the working process of the first liquid pump, cooling liquid in the machine body can be pumped into the shunting bin, as the shunting bin is used for separating the spray head, the inflowing liquid can flow into the flow guiding bin through the spray head, simultaneously, the controller controls the extrusion block to move upwards and carry out the spinning, when the spray head is in the spinning process, the cooling liquid flowing out of the shunting bin can push the fiber filaments to flow into the flow guiding bin, and in the outward jetting process of the shunting bin, the upper flow guiding belt can be pushed to rotate clockwise, the lower guide belt can be driven to rotate anticlockwise, meanwhile, the cooling liquid can push the fiber yarns to the upper side position and the lower side position of the guide belt, in the process of rotating the upper guide belt, the fiber yarns can float on the upper guide belt and then move rightwards along with the cooling liquid, because the outer surface of the upper guide belt is fixedly connected with first arc-shaped layers which are uniformly arranged, the upper guide belt can be pushed to move rightwards in the process of moving the cooling liquid rightwards, the guide belt can be prevented from stopping rotating in the process, the fiber yarns cannot be driven to rotate, when the cooling liquid impacts the first arc-shaped layer, the cooling liquid can flow upwards along the radian of the first arc-shaped layer, the fiber yarns can be prevented from winding in the guide cabin in the process, meanwhile, the fiber yarns can be driven to move rightwards in the process of moving the first arc-shaped layer rightwards, and because a notch formed in the inner wall of the first arc-shaped, the lower guide belt can be driven to rotate in the process that the upper guide belt rotates, the outer surface of the lower guide belt is fixedly connected with second arc-shaped layers which are uniformly arranged, the flowing degree of cooling liquid below the guide belt can be improved in the process that the lower guide belt is driven to rotate by the guide belt, meanwhile, the fiber yarns can be better pushed to move rightwards by matching with the flowing of the cooling liquid, when the fiber yarns are all arranged in the collecting bin, the liquid flowing out of the collecting bin can be pumped out in the process of pumping liquid by the second liquid pump, the fiber yarns can be adsorbed on the adsorption belt in the process of pumping liquid by the second liquid pump, the fiber yarns can be moved to the outside and wound by matching with the rotation of the adsorption belt, and the liquid can be uniformly pumped out on the attached side due to the uniformly arranged first through holes formed in the inner wall of the liquid pumping box, so that the fiber yarns can be prevented from being wound and increasing the gravity, affecting the collection process of the fiber filaments.
Preferably, a diversion trench is formed in the inner wall of the bottom of each diversion bin, and the diversion trenches are communicated with the first liquid pipe; the inner wall of the diversion trench is provided with diversion holes which are uniformly distributed and are all designed in an inclined way;
the during operation, because guiding gutter and first liquid pipe intercommunication seted up in the guiding gutter bottom inner wall, the coolant liquid in the first liquid pipe can flow into the guiding gutter, the coolant liquid that flows into in the guiding gutter is flowing through the water conservancy diversion hole of evenly arranging, because the water conservancy diversion hole is the slope design, thereby can promote coolant liquid and the cellosilk of guiding area below and remove right, can prevent at this in-process that the cellosilk from falling in the guiding gutter bottom, make the winding condition appear in the cellosilk, can also improve cellosilk right translation rate simultaneously, thereby prevent cellosilk jet velocity too fast, make the cellosilk pile up in the guiding gutter.
Preferably, the end surface of the bottom of each diversion bin is rotatably connected with a diversion plate through a rotating shaft, and the upper surface of each diversion plate is in an arc design; each guide plate is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the bottom of the guide cabin through a spring; each flow guide hole part corresponds to a flow guide plate;
when the fiber filament collecting device works, the bottom of the diversion bin is connected with the diversion plate through the rotating shaft in a rotating way, the diversion plate is fixedly connected with the diversion bin through the spring, the diversion plate can enable cooling liquid to flow to the upper right direction in the flowing process of the cooling liquid, the fiber filaments can be further prevented from falling to the bottom of the diversion bin in the process, so that the collection process of the fiber filaments can be improved, the upper surface of the diversion plate is in an arc-shaped design, so that the cooling liquid can be better driven to move to the upper right direction, the upward thrust of the cooling liquid can be improved in the process, the diversion plate can swing up and down in the process that the cooling liquid pushes the diversion plate, the fiber filaments can be pushed to move upwards in the process, the fiber filaments can be further prevented from being accumulated, meanwhile, the cooling liquid above the diversion plate can move to the right in a wavy way, so that the fiber, the rotating frequency of the guide plate can be improved in the liquid spraying process of the guide holes, so that the fluctuation degree of the cooling liquid is improved.
Preferably, a rotating block is hinged to the upper surface of the flow guide bin in each flow guide bin cavity through a rotating shaft; the end face of the bottom of each rotating block is fixedly connected with uniformly arranged separating needles which are made of elastic materials; each of the divider pins intersects the first arcuate plate portion;
the during operation, because the commentaries on classics piece lower surface links firmly the partition needle of evenly arranging, the in-process that moves right at the coolant liquid can promote the partition needle and make a round trip to swing, can comb the cellosilk at this in-process, thereby prevent that the cellosilk from appearing the problem that the winding was knotted, because the partition needle is made for rubber materials, thereby can prevent to separate and lead to the fact the harm to the cellosilk, because first arc layer intersects with partition needle part, can promote the swing degree of partition needle at first arc layer pivoted in-process, thereby can be better comb the cellosilk.
Preferably, the bottom of the collection bin is fixedly connected with a third arc-shaped belt on the end face of the right side of the collection bin, and the third arc-shaped belt is attached to the adsorption belt; the third arc-shaped belt is made of elastic rubber materials; arc-shaped grooves which are uniformly distributed are formed in the inner wall of the third arc-shaped belt;
the during operation, because third arc area and adsorption band laminate each other, when the coolant liquid in the storehouse of assembling drives the cellosilk and flows, can promote the cellosilk and remove to the adsorption band on, can prevent at this in-process that the cellosilk from dropping at the collection in vivo, thereby can't collect the cellosilk, because set up the arc wall in the third arc area inner wall, the coolant liquid can drive the cellosilk upwards flow in the arc wall, can further prevent the cellosilk intertwine at this in-process, thereby influence the collection process of cellosilk.
Preferably, the inner wall of the third arc-shaped belt is rotatably connected with uniformly arranged guide rods through a rotating shaft, and the guide rods partially extend out of the third arc-shaped belt;
when the cooling device works, the flow guide rod is rotatably connected in the inner wall of the third arc-shaped belt, so that the flow guide rod can be pushed to rotate in the process that cooling liquid flows rightwards, the fiber yarns can be driven to move upwards in the rotating process of the flow guide rod, and the fiber yarns are prevented from being accumulated on the third arc-shaped belt in the process.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the invention, the guide groove is arranged, the guide groove arranged in the inner wall of the bottom of the guide cabin is communicated with the first liquid pipe, the cooling liquid in the first liquid pipe can flow into the guide groove, the cooling liquid flowing into the guide groove flows out through the guide holes uniformly arranged, and the guide holes are obliquely designed, so that the cooling liquid and the cellosilk below the guide belt can be pushed to move rightwards, and the cellosilk can be prevented from falling on the bottom of the guide cabin in the process, so that the cellosilk is wound, the rightward moving speed of the cellosilk can be increased, and the cellosilk is prevented from being sprayed at an excessively high speed, and the cellosilk is prevented from being accumulated in the guide cabin.
2. The invention can improve the collecting process of the fiber silk by arranging the guide plate, the guide plate can enable the cooling liquid to flow to the upper right in the flowing process of the cooling liquid, the fiber silk can be further prevented from falling to the bottom of the guide cabin in the process, the upper surface of the guide plate is designed in an arc shape, so the cooling liquid can be better driven to move to the upper right, the upward thrust of the cooling liquid can be improved in the process, the guide plate can rock up and down in the process that the cooling liquid pushes the guide plate, the fiber silk can be pushed to move upward in the process, the fiber silk can be further prevented from being accumulated, meanwhile, the cooling liquid above the guide plate can also move to the right in a wave form, so the fiber silk can be better driven to move, the part of the guide plate corresponds to the guide plate, and the rotating frequency of the guide plate can be improved in the liquid spraying process of the guide holes, thereby increasing the degree of coolant fluctuation.
Drawings
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the body of a melt blowing processor of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a melt blowing processor of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 3 at A;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 3 at B;
in the figure: the machine body 1, a storage box 11, a spray head 12, a diversion bin 13, a diversion bin 14, a first liquid pump 15, a diversion belt 16, a first arc-shaped layer 17, a slot 18, a clamping shaft 19, a second arc-shaped layer 191, a collection bin 192, an adsorption belt 2, a second liquid pump 21, a liquid pumping box 22, a diversion groove 23, a diversion hole 24, a diversion plate 25, a separation needle 26, a third arc-shaped layer 27, an arc-shaped groove 28 and a diversion stick 29.
Detailed Description
A process for producing a meltblown nonwoven fabric according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to fig. 1 to 5.
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, the process for producing a melt-blown nonwoven fabric according to the present invention comprises the following steps:
s1: firstly, putting the selected polypropylene raw material into a crushing device for crushing treatment, and after the crushing of the polypropylene is finished, putting the raw material into a grinding machine for secondary grinding, wherein the grinding time is 40-60 minutes, and the thinning degree of the ground raw material is 90-100 meshes;
s2: putting the ground raw materials in the step S1 into a stirring device, adding deionized water into the stirring device, stirring and mixing the ground raw materials, heating the toughening agent in the stirring device during stirring of the raw materials, and continuously stirring for 60-80 minutes;
s3, heating the stirring device to 25-30 ℃ when the toughening agent is heated in S2, then continuously stirring at a constant speed in the passing direction, and obtaining a molten mixture after the raw materials are stirred;
s4: injecting the molten mixture prepared in the step S3 into a storage box 11 in a melt-blowing processing machine for spinning, driving the fiber filaments to flow into uniformly arranged guide bins 13 by cooling liquid in the melt-blowing processing machine after the fibers are spun, and winding the fiber filaments on a winding machine along with an adsorption belt 2 after the fiber filaments flow out of the guide bins 13;
s5: processing the fiber filaments prepared in the S4 to obtain a melt-blown fiber layer, and then dividing and winding the prepared melt-blown fiber layer to obtain melt-blown non-woven fabric;
the melt-blown processing machine comprises a machine body 1, wherein solidification liquid is contained in the machine body 1; the end face of the bottom of the machine body 1 is fixedly connected with a storage box 11, and the storage box 11 is used for containing a molten mixture; the inner wall of the storage box 11 is connected with an extrusion block in a sliding manner through an electric telescopic rod; a feeding pipe is arranged in the inner wall of the storage box 11; the inner wall of the right side of the storage box 11 is fixedly connected with uniformly arranged spray heads 12; the right end face of the storage box 11 is fixedly connected with uniformly arranged diversion bins 13, and the diversion bins 13 are all designed to wrap the spray heads 12; the right side of the storage box 11 is fixedly connected with a shunt bin 14, and the shunt bin 14 is used for separating the spray heads 12 for use; the lower surface of the machine body 1 is fixedly connected with first liquid pumps 15 which are uniformly arranged, and first liquid pipes on the first liquid pumps 15 extend into the diversion bin 13; the cavity in each diversion bin 13 is rotatably connected with diversion belts 16 which are uniformly arranged at the central line position of the diversion bin 13 through a rotating shaft, and the number of the diversion belts 16 is two; the diversion belt 16 is used for separating fiber filaments; the outer surface of the upper diversion belt 16 is fixedly connected with first arc-shaped layers 17 which are uniformly arranged, and the first arc-shaped layers 17 are made of elastic rubber materials; a notch 18 is formed in the inner wall of the first arc-shaped layer 17 at one side, opposite to the first arc-shaped layer 17, of each first arc-shaped layer 17; the outer surface of the lower diversion belt 16 is fixedly connected with clamping shafts 19 which are uniformly arranged, and the clamping shafts 19 are matched with the notches 18; the outer surface of the lower diversion belt 16 is fixedly connected with second arc-shaped layers 191 which are uniformly arranged; the right side of each diversion bin 13 is fixedly connected with a collection bin 192, and the diversion bins 13 are communicated with the collection bins 192; each diversion strip 16 extends into the collection bin 192; the right side of the collecting bin 192 is rotatably connected with an adsorption band 2 in the machine body 1 through a rotating shaft, and the adsorption band 2 is designed to be permeable; the adsorption belt 2 is designed to be inclined rightwards and extends out of the machine body 1; the right side of the diversion belt 16 is fixedly connected with a second liquid pump 21 at the right end face of the machine body 1, and a liquid pumping pipe of the second liquid pump 21 extends into the machine body 1; the liquid outlet pipe of the second liquid pump 21 extends to the lower part of the adsorption belt 2; the left end face of a liquid pumping pipe on the second liquid pump 21 is fixedly connected with a liquid pumping box 22, and the inner wall of the liquid pumping box 22 is provided with first through holes which are uniformly distributed;
when the melt-blown processing machine works, the fiber filaments sprayed by the melt-blown processing machine in the prior art are usually cooled and fixed in a natural cooling mode, the temperature of the fiber filaments is higher when the fiber filaments are just sprayed, so that the cooling forming speed of the fiber filaments can be reduced, the fiber filaments can be cooled untimely, and the fiber filaments are broken, meanwhile, the conventional melt-blown processing machine adopts a vertical mode for spinning, if the fiber filaments are wound in the spinning process, the gravity of the fiber filaments can be increased, and meanwhile, the fiber filaments are in a high-temperature state, the fiber filaments can be deformed after the gravity is increased, and finally the fiber filaments are broken, so that the melt-blown processing machine is manufactured by spinning the raw materials in the cooling liquid, and the cooling liquid can rapidly cool the fiber filaments after the raw materials are spun, so that the condition that the temperature of the fiber filaments is higher and the fiber filaments are broken can be prevented, when the melt-blown processing machine manufactured by the invention is used, firstly, a melt mixture is injected into the storage box 11 through the feeding pipe, at the moment, the melt-blown processing machine is started, after the melt-blown processing machine is started, the first liquid pumps 15 and the second liquid pumps 21 which are uniformly arranged start to work, in the working process of the first liquid pump 15, the cooling liquid in the machine body 1 can be pumped into the shunt bin 14, because the shunt bin 14 is used for separating the spray head 12, the inflowing liquid can flow into the flow guide bin 13 through the spray head 12, simultaneously, the controller controls the extrusion block to move upwards and perform spinning, in the spinning process of the spray head 12, the cooling liquid flowing out of the shunt bin 14 can push the fiber filaments to flow into the flow guide bin 13, and in the outward jetting process of the shunt bin 14, the upper flow guide belt 16 can be pushed to rotate clockwise, meanwhile, the lower guide belt 16 can be driven to rotate anticlockwise, meanwhile, the cooling liquid can push the fiber yarns to the upper side and the lower side of the guide belt 16, in the process of rotating the upper guide belt 16, the fiber yarns can float on the upper guide belt 16 and then move rightwards along with the cooling liquid, as the outer surface of the upper guide belt 16 is fixedly connected with the first arc-shaped layers 17 which are uniformly arranged, the upper guide belt 16 can be pushed to move rightwards in the process of moving the cooling liquid rightwards, the stop of the guide belt 16 can be prevented in the process, the fiber yarns cannot be driven to rotate, when the cooling liquid impacts the first arc-shaped layer 17, the cooling liquid can flow upwards along the radian of the first arc-shaped layer 17, the fiber yarns can be prevented from being wound in the guide cabin 13 in the process, meanwhile, the fiber yarns can be driven to move rightwards in the process of moving the first arc-shaped layer 17, and as the notch 18 formed in the inner wall of the first arc-shaped layer, the lower diversion belt 16 can be driven to rotate in the process that the upper diversion belt 16 rotates, the outer surface of the lower diversion belt 16 is fixedly connected with the second arc-shaped layers 191 which are uniformly arranged, the flowing degree of cooling liquid below the diversion belt 16 can be improved in the process that the diversion belt 16 drives the lower diversion belt 16 to rotate, meanwhile, the fiber yarns can be better pushed to move rightwards by matching with the flowing of the cooling liquid, when the fiber yarns are all arranged in the collection bin 192, the liquid flowing out of the collection bin 192 can be pumped out in the process of liquid pumping of the second liquid pump 21, as the adsorption belt 2 is in a permeable design, the fiber yarns can be adsorbed on the adsorption belt 2 in the process of liquid pumping of the second liquid pump 21, the fiber yarns can be moved to the outside and wound by matching with the rotation of the adsorption belt 2, and as the first through holes which are uniformly arranged are formed in the inner wall of the liquid pumping box 22, the liquid pumping of the adsorption belt 2 can be uniformly pumped out, thereby preventing the filament from being wound to increase gravity and influencing the collection process of the filament.
As an embodiment of the present invention, a diversion trench 23 is formed in an inner wall of the bottom of each diversion bin 13, and the diversion trench 23 is communicated with the first liquid pipe; the inner wall of the diversion trench 23 is provided with diversion holes 24 which are uniformly distributed, and the diversion holes 24 are all designed in an inclined way;
the during operation, because guiding gutter 23 and the first liquid pipe intercommunication of seting up in the guiding gutter 13 bottom inner wall, coolant liquid in the first liquid pipe can flow in guiding gutter 23, the coolant liquid that flows in guiding gutter 23 is flowing through the water conservancy diversion hole 24 of evenly arranging, because water conservancy diversion hole 24 is the slope design, thereby can promote coolant liquid and the cellosilk of guiding area 16 below and remove right, can prevent at this in-process that the cellosilk from dropping in guiding gutter 13 bottom, make the winding condition appear in the cellosilk, can also improve the moving speed of cellosilk right simultaneously, thereby prevent cellosilk jet velocity at the excessive speed, make the cellosilk pile up in guiding gutter 13.
As an embodiment of the invention, the end surface of the bottom of each diversion bin 13 is rotatably connected with a diversion plate 25 through a rotating shaft, and the upper surface of each diversion plate 25 is in an arc design; each guide plate 25 is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the bottom of the guide bin 13 through a spring; each diversion hole 24 partially corresponds to a diversion plate 25;
when the fiber filament collecting device works, the bottom of the diversion bin 13 is rotatably connected with the diversion plate 25 through the rotating shaft, the diversion plate 25 is fixedly connected with the diversion bin 13 through the spring, the diversion plate 25 can enable cooling liquid to flow towards the upper right in the flowing process of the cooling liquid, the fiber filaments can be further prevented from falling at the bottom of the diversion bin 13 in the process, so that the collecting process of the fiber filaments can be improved, the upper surface of the diversion plate 25 is in an arc-shaped design, the cooling liquid can be better driven to move towards the upper right, the upward thrust of the cooling liquid can be improved in the process, the diversion plate 25 can vertically shake in the process that the cooling liquid pushes the diversion plate 25, the fiber filaments can be pushed to move upwards in the process, the fiber filaments can be further prevented from being accumulated, meanwhile, the cooling liquid above the diversion plate 25 can also move towards the right in a wave form, so that the fiber filaments, because the part of the guide hole 24 corresponds to the guide plate 25, the rotation frequency of the guide plate 25 can be improved in the liquid spraying process of the guide hole 24, and the fluctuation degree of the cooling liquid is improved.
As an embodiment of the present invention, a rotating block is hinged to the upper surface of the diversion bin 13 through a rotating shaft in the cavity of each diversion bin 13; the bottom end face of each rotating block is fixedly connected with uniformly arranged separating needles 26, and the separating needles 26 are made of elastic materials; each of the partition pins 26 intersects the first arc-shaped plate portion;
the during operation, because the commentaries on classics piece lower surface links firmly the partition needle 26 of evenly arranging, the in-process that moves right at the coolant liquid can promote partition needle 26 swing back and forth, can comb the cellosilk at this in-process, thereby prevent that the cellosilk from appearing the problem that the winding is knotted, because partition needle 26 is made for rubber materials, thereby can prevent to separate needle 26 and cause the harm to the cellosilk, because first arc layer 17 intersects with partition needle 26 part, can promote the swing degree of partition needle 26 at first arc layer 17 pivoted in-process, thereby can be better comb the cellosilk.
As an embodiment of the present invention, the bottom of the collecting bin 192 is fixedly connected with a third arc-shaped belt 27 on the end surface of the right side of the collecting bin 192, and the third arc-shaped belt 27 and the absorbent belt 2 are attached to each other; the third arc-shaped belt 27 is made of elastic rubber material; arc-shaped grooves 28 which are uniformly distributed are formed in the inner wall of the third arc-shaped belt 27;
the during operation, because third arc area 27 and adsorption band 2 laminate each other, when the coolant liquid in the storehouse 192 of assembling drives the cellosilk and flows out, can promote the cellosilk and remove to adsorption band 2 on, can prevent at this in-process that the cellosilk from dropping at the collection in, thereby can't collect the cellosilk, because set up arc 28 in the third arc area 27 inner wall, the coolant liquid can drive the cellosilk upwards flow in arc 28, can further prevent the cellosilk intertwine at this in-process, thereby influence the collecting process of cellosilk.
As an embodiment of the present invention, the inner wall of the third arc-shaped belt 27 is rotatably connected with guide rods 29 uniformly arranged through a rotating shaft, and the guide rods 29 are all partially extended out of the third arc-shaped belt 27;
during operation, because the diversion stick 29 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the third arc-shaped belt 27, the diversion stick 29 can be pushed to rotate in the process that the cooling liquid flows rightwards, the fiber yarns can be driven to move upwards in the rotating process of the diversion stick 29, and the fiber yarns are prevented from being accumulated on the third arc-shaped belt 27 in the process.
The specific working process is as follows:
when the melt-blown processing machine manufactured by the invention is used, firstly, a melt mixture is injected into the storage box 11 through the feeding pipe, the melt-blown processing machine is started, after the melt-blown processing machine is started, the first liquid pump 15 and the second liquid pump 21 which are uniformly arranged start to work, in the working process of the first liquid pump 15, cooling liquid in the machine body 1 can be pumped into the diversion bin 14, as the diversion bin 14 is used for separating the spray head 12, the inflowing liquid can flow into the diversion bin 13 through the spray head 12, meanwhile, the extrusion block is controlled by the controller to move upwards and perform spinning, in the spinning process of the spray head 12, the cooling liquid flowing out of the diversion bin 14 can push fiber filaments to flow into the diversion bin 13, in the outward jetting process of the diversion bin 14, the upper diversion strip 16 can be pushed to rotate clockwise, and the lower diversion strip 16 can be driven to rotate anticlockwise, meanwhile, the cooling liquid can push the fiber yarns to the upper side and the lower side of the flow guide belt 16, the fiber yarns can float on the upper flow guide belt 16 and then move rightwards along with the cooling liquid in the rotating process of the upper flow guide belt 16, the upper flow guide belt 16 can be pushed to move rightwards in the rightwards moving process of the cooling liquid due to the fact that the first arc-shaped layers 17 which are uniformly distributed are fixedly connected to the outer surface of the upper flow guide belt 16, the flow guide belt 16 can be prevented from stalling in the process, the fiber yarns cannot be driven to rotate, when the cooling liquid impacts the first arc-shaped layers 17, the cooling liquid can flow upwards along the radian of the first arc-shaped layers 17, the fiber yarns can be prevented from winding in the flow guide cabin 13 in the process, meanwhile, the fiber yarns can be driven to move rightwards in the rightwards moving process of the first arc-shaped layers 17, and due to the fact that the notches 18 formed in the, the lower diversion belt 16 can be driven to rotate in the process that the upper diversion belt 16 rotates, the outer surface of the lower diversion belt 16 is fixedly connected with the second arc-shaped layers 191 which are uniformly arranged, the flowing degree of cooling liquid below the diversion belt 16 can be improved in the process that the diversion belt 16 drives the lower diversion belt 16 to rotate, meanwhile, the fiber yarns can be better pushed to move rightwards by matching with the flowing of the cooling liquid, when the fiber yarns are all arranged in the collection bin 192, the liquid flowing out of the collection bin 192 can be pumped out in the process of liquid pumping of the second liquid pump 21, as the adsorption belt 2 is in a permeable design, the fiber yarns can be adsorbed on the adsorption belt 2 in the process of liquid pumping of the second liquid pump 21, the fiber yarns can be moved to the outside and wound by matching with the rotation of the adsorption belt 2, and as the first through holes which are uniformly arranged are formed in the inner wall of the liquid pumping box 22, the liquid pumping of the adsorption belt 2 can be uniformly pumped out, thereby preventing the filament from being wound to increase gravity and influencing the collection process of the filament.
The foregoing illustrates and describes the principles, general features, and advantages of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (6)
1. A production process of melt-blown non-woven fabric is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: firstly, putting the selected polypropylene raw material into a crushing device for crushing treatment, and after the crushing of the polypropylene is finished, putting the raw material into a grinding machine for secondary grinding, wherein the grinding time is 40-60 minutes, and the thinning degree of the ground raw material is 90-100 meshes;
s2: putting the ground raw materials in the step S1 into a stirring device, adding deionized water into the stirring device, stirring and mixing the ground raw materials, heating the toughening agent in the stirring device during stirring of the raw materials, and continuously stirring for 60-80 minutes;
s3, heating the stirring device to 25-30 ℃ when the toughening agent is heated in S2, then continuously stirring at a constant speed in the passing direction, and obtaining a molten mixture after the raw materials are stirred;
s4: injecting the molten mixture prepared in the S3 into a storage box (11) in a melt-blowing processing machine for spinning, after fibers are spun, driving the fibers to flow into uniformly arranged diversion bins (13) by cooling liquid in the melt-blowing processing machine, and winding the fibers on a winding machine along with an adsorption belt (2) after the fibers flow out of the diversion bins (13);
s5: processing the fiber filaments prepared in the S4 to obtain a melt-blown fiber layer, and then dividing and winding the prepared melt-blown fiber layer to obtain melt-blown non-woven fabric;
the melt-blown processing machine comprises a machine body (1), wherein solidification liquid is contained in the machine body (1); the end face of the bottom of the machine body (1) is fixedly connected with a storage box (11), and the storage box (11) is used for containing a molten mixture; the inner wall of the storage box (11) is connected with an extrusion block in a sliding manner through an electric telescopic rod; a feeding pipe is arranged in the inner wall of the storage box (11); the inner wall of the right side of the storage box (11) is fixedly connected with uniformly arranged spray heads (12); the end face of the right side of the storage box (11) is fixedly connected with uniformly arranged diversion bins (13), and the diversion bins (13) are all designed to wrap the spray head (12); the right side of the storage box (11) is fixedly connected with a shunt bin (14), and the shunt bin (14) is used for separating the spray heads (12) for use; the lower surface of the machine body (1) is fixedly connected with first liquid pumps (15) which are uniformly arranged, and first liquid pipes on the first liquid pumps (15) extend into the diversion bin (13); the inner cavity of each diversion bin (13) is rotatably connected with diversion belts (16) which are uniformly arranged at the central line position of the diversion bin (13) through a rotating shaft, and the number of the diversion belts (16) is two; the flow guide belt (16) is used for separating fiber filaments; the outer surface of the upper diversion belt (16) is fixedly connected with first arc-shaped layers (17) which are uniformly arranged, and the first arc-shaped layers (17) are made of elastic rubber materials; a notch (18) is formed in the inner wall of the first arc-shaped layer (17) on one side, opposite to the first arc-shaped layer (17), of each first arc-shaped layer; the outer surface of the lower diversion belt (16) is fixedly connected with clamping shafts (19) which are uniformly arranged, and the clamping shafts (19) are matched with the notches (18); the outer surface of the guide belt (16) below is fixedly connected with second arc-shaped layers (191) which are uniformly arranged; the right side of each diversion bin (13) is fixedly connected with a collection bin (192), and the diversion bins (13) are communicated with the collection bins (192); each flow guiding belt (16) extends into the collection bin (192); the right side of the collection bin (192) is rotatably connected with an adsorption band (2) in the machine body (1) through a rotating shaft, and the adsorption band (2) is designed to be permeable; the adsorption belt (2) is designed to be inclined rightwards and extends out of the machine body (1); a second liquid pump (21) is fixedly connected to the end face of the right side of the machine body (1) on the right side of the flow guide belt (16), and a liquid suction pipe of the second liquid pump (21) extends into the machine body (1); the liquid outlet pipe of the second liquid pump (21) extends to the lower part of the adsorption belt (2); the liquid pumping pipe on the second liquid pump (21) is fixedly connected with a liquid pumping box (22) on the left end face, and first through holes which are uniformly distributed are formed in the inner wall of the liquid pumping box (22).
2. The process of claim 1, wherein the melt-blown nonwoven fabric is produced by: a diversion trench (23) is formed in the inner wall of the bottom of each diversion bin (13), and the diversion trench (23) is communicated with the first liquid pipe; the inner wall of the diversion trench (23) is provided with diversion holes (24) which are uniformly distributed, and the diversion holes (24) are all designed in an inclined manner.
3. The process of claim 2, wherein the melt-blown nonwoven fabric is produced by: the end surface of the bottom of each diversion bin (13) is rotatably connected with a diversion plate (25) through a rotating shaft, and the upper surface of each diversion plate (25) is in an arc design; each guide plate (25) is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the bottom of the guide bin (13) through a spring; each diversion hole (24) is partially corresponding to a diversion plate (25).
4. The process of claim 3, wherein the melt-blown nonwoven fabric is produced by: a rotating block is hinged to the upper surface of each flow guide bin (13) in the cavity of each flow guide bin (13) through a rotating shaft; the bottom end face of each rotating block is fixedly connected with uniformly arranged separating needles (26), and the separating needles (26) are made of elastic materials; each of the divider pins (26) intersects the first arcuate plate portion.
5. The process of claim 1, wherein the melt-blown nonwoven fabric is produced by: the bottom of the collection bin (192) is fixedly connected with a third arc-shaped belt (27) on the end face of the right side of the collection bin (192), and the third arc-shaped belt (27) is mutually attached to the adsorption belt (2); the third arc-shaped belt (27) is made of elastic rubber material; arc-shaped grooves (28) which are uniformly distributed are formed in the inner wall of the third arc-shaped belt (27).
6. The process of claim 5, wherein the melt-blown nonwoven fabric is produced by: the inner wall of the third arc-shaped belt (27) is rotatably connected with guide rollers (29) which are uniformly arranged through a rotating shaft, and the guide rollers (29) partially extend out of the third arc-shaped belt (27).
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| CN113005637A (en) * | 2021-02-18 | 2021-06-22 | 金艺炜 | Processing technology of melt-blown non-woven fabric |
| CN113684609A (en) * | 2021-09-04 | 2021-11-23 | 湖南仁瑞无纺制品有限公司 | Melt-blown non-woven fabric processing device |
| CN115896962B (en) * | 2022-11-10 | 2023-08-15 | 济宁鸿运棉杆纤维科技有限公司 | Environment-friendly fiber preparation device |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN209307520U (en) * | 2018-08-27 | 2019-08-27 | 广州市骏呈无纺布有限公司 | Non-woven spinning die head |
| CN210237850U (en) * | 2019-03-06 | 2020-04-03 | 刘凤林 | Artificial fiber water cooling device |
| CN210314597U (en) * | 2019-05-18 | 2020-04-14 | 吴江市华峰化纤有限公司 | Chemical fiber filament cooling device |
| CN210506602U (en) * | 2019-08-12 | 2020-05-12 | 四川兴正源环保材料有限责任公司 | Improved structure of melt-blown non-woven fabric melt-blown air duct |
| CN210736966U (en) * | 2019-07-21 | 2020-06-12 | 张家港维德新材料科技有限公司 | Melt-blown equipment of non-woven fabrics production usefulness |
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN209307520U (en) * | 2018-08-27 | 2019-08-27 | 广州市骏呈无纺布有限公司 | Non-woven spinning die head |
| CN210237850U (en) * | 2019-03-06 | 2020-04-03 | 刘凤林 | Artificial fiber water cooling device |
| CN210314597U (en) * | 2019-05-18 | 2020-04-14 | 吴江市华峰化纤有限公司 | Chemical fiber filament cooling device |
| CN210736966U (en) * | 2019-07-21 | 2020-06-12 | 张家港维德新材料科技有限公司 | Melt-blown equipment of non-woven fabrics production usefulness |
| CN210506602U (en) * | 2019-08-12 | 2020-05-12 | 四川兴正源环保材料有限责任公司 | Improved structure of melt-blown non-woven fabric melt-blown air duct |
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