CN111607754A - Method for preparing metal transition layer by plasma cladding - Google Patents
Method for preparing metal transition layer by plasma cladding Download PDFInfo
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- CN111607754A CN111607754A CN202010388358.1A CN202010388358A CN111607754A CN 111607754 A CN111607754 A CN 111607754A CN 202010388358 A CN202010388358 A CN 202010388358A CN 111607754 A CN111607754 A CN 111607754A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
- C23C4/134—Plasma spraying
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
- C23C4/06—Metallic material
- C23C4/08—Metallic material containing only metal elements
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal surface treatment, and particularly relates to a method for preparing a metal transition layer by plasma cladding. It includes: preparing a transition layer on a base material by using metal powder as a raw material in a plasma cladding mode; plasma cladding is carried out in cooperation with synchronous powder feeding. And on the basis, the method can also comprise the step of preparing at least one secondary transition layer on the transition layer by taking metal powder as a raw material and further carrying out plasma cladding. The invention overcomes the defect of difficult titanium-iron linkage by a mode of matching plasma cladding with synchronous powder feeding; when the whole scheme is implemented, selective cladding can be carried out, cladding materials are saved, and the flexibility of the process is improved; when the titanium and titanium alloy coating is prepared subsequently after the transition layer is prepared, the defects of air holes, cracks and the like can be obviously reduced, the combination stability of the titanium and titanium alloy coating is enhanced, and the titanium and titanium alloy coating with excellent performance is obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal surface treatment, and particularly relates to a method for preparing a metal transition layer by plasma cladding.
Background
Titanium has excellent mechanical properties and chemical properties such as high specific strength, no magnetism, corrosion resistance, good biocompatibility and the like, is widely applied to the fields of aerospace, automobiles, military, petrochemical engineering, energy, biomedicine and the like, becomes a light metal material which is vigorously developed in many countries, but is relatively expensive, and particularly has a prominent problem when being used as a mechanism part. In recent years, China has been vigorously developed for aviation and oceans, titanium and products thereof are increasingly in vigorous demand, but China is not rich in titanium resources and is limited by the production technology level, so that a large amount of titanium materials in China need to be imported.
The titanium and titanium alloy coating can be used as a substitute of titanium and titanium alloy, mainly uses titanium and titanium alloy as a surface layer, uses common carbon steel or low alloy steel as a substrate, enables titanium and iron to realize titanium-iron linkage, has corrosion resistance of titanium and strength and plasticity of carbon steel, has the cost of only 10-20% of titanium, and is gradually applied to various fields, so that the research on the preparation technology of the titanium and titanium alloy coating has very important significance.
However, the preparation of titanium and titanium alloy coatings on the surface of steel at present has two difficulties: on one hand, the difference of physical and chemical properties between titanium and iron is large, so that the titanium and iron are difficult to form, and a large number of defects such as air holes, cracks and the like can be generated in the welding process; on the other hand, the metal compounds formed between titanium and iron can exist stably at normal temperature, the crystals of the metal compounds are intrinsic brittleness, and the existence of the compounds can have adverse effects on the performance of a bonding interface, so that the direct compounding of titanium and steel is limited in both aspects. In addition, the titanium-iron linking methods such as rolling method and explosive welding which are applied in industry can realize the composition of metals with larger performance difference, but the product specification is mainly medium-thick plates with larger thickness, and the method is not suitable for the preparation and repair of irregular parts.
The current improved method for preparing the steel surface coating comprises the following steps: for example, CN 107937876A/A TiAlN composite superhard coating supported by a hardness gradient layer and a patent application for the invention of the preparation method thereof, the invention adopts a plasma nitrocarburizing technology to prepare a nitrocarburizing layer and then prepares an aluminum titanium nitride coating by matching with an ion source assisted electron beam physical vapor deposition technology; for another example, in the patent application of the invention of the CN 103496211B/low-carbon steel surface titanium-nitrogen-carbon-aluminum-oxygen nano ceramic coating and the preparation method thereof, the composite nano ceramic coating is prepared by adopting a mode of carburizing and vapor deposition.
However, the above process is not an improvement for preparing titanium and titanium alloy coatings on the steel surface, and at present, there is almost no process improvement at home and abroad, and when the above process is used for preparing titanium and titanium alloy coatings on the steel surface, the effect of improving the titanium-iron linkage strength cannot be achieved, and there are still problems that coating defects are easily generated, and metal compounds of titanium and iron cause brittleness between the coating and a substrate material, and the coating is easily peeled off from the steel substrate.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for preparing a metal transition layer by plasma cladding, which aims to solve a series of problems that ferrotitanium is difficult to link, brittle phase is easy to appear, the composite property is poor, the forming is difficult, the defects are more, the cost is too high and the like when the titanium and titanium alloy coating is prepared on the surface of the existing steel.
The invention aims to:
the difficulty of preparing titanium and titanium alloy coatings on the surface of the existing steel base material is effectively reduced, and the titanium-iron linking effect is improved through the preparation of a metal transition layer;
secondly, the bonding strength of the titanium and titanium alloy coating and the base material after the subsequent titanium and titanium alloy coating is prepared is improved;
thirdly, the coating can be used for most of steel products, titanium and titanium alloy coatings, and has good universal applicability;
fourthly, the method is simple and efficient, and has low requirements on equipment.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme.
A method for preparing a metal transition layer by plasma cladding,
the method comprises the following steps:
preparing a transition layer on a base material by using metal powder as a raw material in a plasma cladding mode;
plasma cladding is carried out in cooperation with synchronous powder feeding.
According to the invention, the transition layer is formed by cladding the metal powder on the surface of the base material in a plasma cladding manner, and the transition layer is used as the excessive link of the titanium-iron link, so that the forming difficulty of the titanium and titanium alloy coating is reduced, the titanium layer is more conveniently formed by cladding the subsequent titanium-based metal powder, the titanium-iron link effect is improved, the bonding strength of the titanium layer and the base material is improved, and the effect of efficiently and effectively preparing the titanium alloy coating is realized.
Compared with laser cladding of another cladding process, the plasma cladding has the defects of large cladding deformation, slightly poor cladding precision, slower heating/cooling, generally wider welding line, larger internal stress generation interval and the like, but for a practical process, the plasma cladding also has the advantages of higher stability, less material limitation, simple powder feeding, lower requirements on equipment cost, operation and the like, and has wide universality.
The synchronous powder feeding is that the metal powder is directly fed into the molten pool while the molten pool is formed in the plasma cladding process. Research shows that the plasma cladding and the synchronous powder feeding process are mixed for preparing the transition layer, namely, when the ceramic is respectively used for preparing the transition layer, the adverse effects caused by large cladding deformation and poor cladding precision can be effectively reduced, the cladding effect and the quality of the prepared transition layer are improved, the ceramic is more effectively and stably combined with a base material, in addition, the characteristic of slower heating/cooling is fully utilized, the difficulty of the synchronous powder feeding process is reduced, the holding time of a molten pool is longer and is easy to control, so that the metal powder is fully fused with the formed molten pool, which is beneficial to realizing uniform cladding, the regional transitivity is better, and the weld seam is narrowed, the bonding strength between the layer and the base material is improved integrally, the quality of the transition layer and the bonding strength between the transition layer and the base material are improved integrally, and the titanium-iron linkage difficulty is further reduced when the titanium and titanium alloy coating is prepared subsequently.
As a preference, the first and second liquid crystal compositions are,
the plasma cladding control parameters are as follows:
the working current is 100-260A, the working voltage is 5-30V, the scanning speed is 0.01-1.0 m/min, and the volume flow of the powder feeding gas, the plasma working gas and the shielding gas is 0.2-1.2 m3/h。
The plasma cladding effect is better under the parameter conditions. The heating rate in the cladding process is directly influenced by the size of the working current and the working voltage, the forming rate and controllability of a molten pool are influenced, the controllability of the molten pool is poor when the heating rate is too high, the problems that the molten pool is too deep and the like are easily caused, the molten pool with enough depth is difficult to form when the heating rate is too low, and once the melting and cooling tend to be balanced, the cladding quality is greatly influenced, so that the quality of a transition layer is sharply reduced. The sweeping speed also indirectly influences the controllability of the molten pool, if the sweeping speed is too high, the molten pool is too shallow and is easy to be rapidly solidified, and if the sweeping speed is too low, the molten pool is too deep. In addition, the working current, the working voltage and the sweeping speed comprehensively determine the thickness of the transition layer, and the transition layer has a great influence on the quality of the transition layer.
As a preference, the first and second liquid crystal compositions are,
in the plasma cladding process:
the distance between the nozzle of the welding gun and the surface to be processed is 7.8-8.2 mm, and the tungsten electrode of the welding gun is retracted by 4.8-5.2 mm.
Under the conditions, the plasma beam is better focused, and the plasma cladding effect is better.
As a preference, the first and second liquid crystal compositions are,
the plasma working gas, the powder feeding gas and the protective gas are all argon.
In view of the characteristics of the base material and the titanium material, in order to avoid other impurity phases generated by gas at high temperature, argon is selected as the ion working gas, the powder feeding gas and the protective gas.
As a preference, the first and second liquid crystal compositions are,
the metal powder includes any one or more of Cu, Mn, Co, Ag, Mo, Ta, Nb, W and V.
Research shows that the transition layer metal powder with the components produces the optimal effect on improving the titanium-iron interlinkage effect and reducing the titanium-iron interlinkage difficulty.
As a preference, the first and second liquid crystal compositions are,
the base material is steel;
the steel is carbon steel or low alloy steel.
The technical scheme of the invention has universal applicability to steel base materials, the problem of high difficulty in ferrotitanium linkage of the carbon steel and the low-alloy steel is obvious, and the ferrotitanium linkage improving effect generated when the carbon steel and the low-alloy steel are used for the two steel is also most obvious.
A method for preparing a metal transition layer by plasma cladding,
the method comprises the following steps:
preparing a transition layer on a base material by using metal powder as a raw material in a plasma cladding mode;
preparing at least one secondary transition layer on the transition layer by taking metal powder as a raw material in a plasma cladding mode;
the plasma cladding is carried out in cooperation with synchronous powder feeding.
According to the invention, the transition layer is formed by cladding the metal powder on the surface of the base material in a plasma cladding manner, and the transition layer is used as the excessive link of the titanium-iron link, so that the forming difficulty of the titanium and titanium alloy coating is reduced, the titanium layer is more conveniently formed by cladding the subsequent titanium-based metal powder, the titanium-iron link effect is improved, the bonding strength of the titanium layer and the base material is improved, and the effect of efficiently and effectively preparing the titanium alloy coating is realized.
Compared with laser cladding of another cladding process, the plasma cladding has the defects of large cladding deformation, slightly poor cladding precision, slower heating/cooling, generally wider welding line, larger internal stress generation interval and the like, but for a practical process, the plasma cladding also has the advantages of higher stability, less material limitation, simple powder feeding, lower requirements on equipment cost, operation and the like, and has wide universality.
The synchronous powder feeding is that the metal powder is directly fed into the molten pool while the molten pool is formed in the plasma cladding process. Research shows that when the plasma cladding and the synchronous powder feeding process are mixed and used for preparing the transition layer, namely respectively used for preparing the transition layer, the adverse effects caused by large cladding deformation and poor cladding precision can be effectively reduced, the cladding effect and the quality of the prepared transition layer are improved, the transition layer is more effectively and stably combined with a base material, in addition, the characteristic of slower heating/cooling is fully utilized, the difficulty of the synchronous powder feeding process is also reduced, the molten pool holding time is longer and is easy to control, metal powder is fully fused with the formed molten pool, uniform cladding is favorably realized, the area transition performance is better, the welding seam is narrowed, the bonding strength between layers and the base material is improved, the quality of the transition layer and the bonding strength between the transition layer and the base material are integrally and comprehensively improved, and the titanium-iron linkage difficulty is further reduced when the titanium and titanium alloy coating is prepared subsequently.
In addition, the preparation of the secondary transition layer can further realize the functionalization of the transition layer, further realize the surface modification and the functionalization of steel through the preparation of the transition layer with different components, and regulate and control the components and the layer structure of the transition layer according to the different components of the titanium alloy coating, so as to realize better ferrotitanium linking effect, improve the bonding strength among the layers and further improve the applicability of the method.
As a preference, the first and second liquid crystal compositions are,
the plasma cladding control parameters are as follows:
the working current is 100-260A, the working voltage is 5-30V, the scanning speed is 0.01-1.0 m/min, and the volume flow of the powder feeding gas, the plasma working gas and the shielding gas is 0.2-1.2 m3/h。
The plasma cladding effect is better under the parameter conditions. The heating rate in the cladding process is directly influenced by the size of the working current and the working voltage, the forming rate and controllability of a molten pool are influenced, the controllability of the molten pool is poor when the heating rate is too high, the problems that the molten pool is too deep and the like are easily caused, the molten pool with enough depth is difficult to form when the heating rate is too low, and once the melting and cooling tend to be balanced, the cladding quality is greatly influenced, so that the quality of a transition layer is sharply reduced. The sweeping speed also indirectly influences the controllability of the molten pool, if the sweeping speed is too high, the molten pool is too shallow and is easy to be rapidly solidified, and if the sweeping speed is too low, the molten pool is too deep. In addition, the working current, the working voltage and the sweeping speed comprehensively determine the thickness of the transition layer, and the transition layer has a great influence on the quality of the transition layer.
As a preference, the first and second liquid crystal compositions are,
in the plasma cladding process:
the distance between the nozzle of the welding gun and the surface to be processed is 7.8-8.2 mm, and the tungsten electrode of the welding gun is retracted by 4.8-5.2 mm.
Under the conditions, the plasma beam is better focused, and the plasma cladding effect is better.
As a preference, the first and second liquid crystal compositions are,
the plasma working gas, the powder feeding gas and the protective gas are all argon.
In view of the characteristics of the base material and the titanium material, in order to avoid other impurity phases generated by gas at high temperature, argon is selected as the ion working gas, the powder feeding gas and the protective gas.
As a preference, the first and second liquid crystal compositions are,
during preparation of the secondary transition layer, a pre-conditioning slurry layer containing metal powder with the thickness of 0.5-2.5 mm is coated in a region to be clad before plasma cladding, and then air cooling and hot drying are sequentially carried out;
the air cooling lasts for 1-4 h;
and carrying out thermal drying for 2-6 h at the temperature of 100-180 ℃.
Because most plasma cladding devices have the limitation that only spherical powder can be fed, the mode of pre-mixing slurry and powder feeding can be used for applying irregular non-spherical powder, the application cost is reduced, and the application range of plasma cladding is widened;
meanwhile, the simple adoption of the pre-slurry can generate adverse effect on the synchronous powder feeding/plasma cladding, and the formation of a molten pool is influenced, so that the synchronous powder feeding is generated with certain delay, and therefore, the pre-slurry needs to be treated to a certain extent, and a solidified pre-slurry layer is formed at first to coordinate the implementation of the subsequent synchronous powder feeding/plasma cladding process.
As a preference, the first and second liquid crystal compositions are,
the pre-mixing slurry consists of metal powder, a micromolecular polar solvent and Arabic gum, wherein the Arabic gum and the micromolecular polar solvent are mixed according to a mass ratio of 1: (2-10) as a binder, wherein the mass ratio of the metal powder to the binder is (5-20): (4-9).
The research shows that the pre-slurry mixing effect of the system is excellent, impurities are not basically left in the transition layer, the curing effect is good, the cured layer formed by pre-slurry mixing after curing has high smoothness, the influence on the formation of a molten pool is small, and the matching effect with synchronous powder feeding/plasma cladding is excellent. The small molecular polar solvent is water or ethanol.
As a preference, the first and second liquid crystal compositions are,
the metal powder includes any one or more of Cu, Mn, Co, Ag, Mo, Ta, Nb, W and V.
Research shows that the transition layer metal powder with the components produces the optimal effect on improving the titanium-iron interlinkage effect and reducing the titanium-iron interlinkage difficulty.
As a preference, the first and second liquid crystal compositions are,
the base material is steel;
the steel is carbon steel or low alloy steel.
The technical scheme of the invention has universal applicability to steel base materials, the problem of high difficulty in ferrotitanium linkage of the carbon steel and the low-alloy steel is obvious, and the ferrotitanium linkage improving effect generated when the carbon steel and the low-alloy steel are used for the two steel is also most obvious.
As a preference, the first and second liquid crystal compositions are,
the granularity of the metal powder used in the invention is 70-180 μm.
It has been found that the smaller the particle size of the metal powder is, the better, the smaller the metal powder is, the higher the cost is, and the larger the metal powder is, the more the powder feeding process is affected.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the defect of difficult titanium-iron linkage is overcome by a mode of matching plasma cladding with synchronous powder feeding;
2) selective cladding can be carried out, cladding materials are saved, and the flexibility of the process is improved;
3) when the titanium and titanium alloy coating is prepared subsequently after the transition layer is prepared, the defects of air holes, cracks and the like can be obviously reduced, the combination stability of the titanium and titanium alloy coating is enhanced, and the titanium and titanium alloy coating with excellent performance is obtained;
4) the invention has more controllable parameters, can better realize the control of the coating quality, and has the advantages of good process controllability, simple preparation process, convenient operation, high efficiency and easy realization.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a macro topography of the final product made in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the final product obtained in example 1;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional elemental distribution plot of the pet-favored product made in example 1.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to specific embodiments and the attached drawing figures. Those skilled in the art will be able to implement the invention based on these teachings. Moreover, the embodiments of the present invention described in the following description are generally only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Therefore, all other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without any creative effort shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Unless otherwise specified, the raw materials used in the examples of the present invention are all commercially available or available to those skilled in the art; unless otherwise specified, the methods used in the examples of the present invention are all those known to those skilled in the art.
The following examples were all subjected to conventional surface pretreatments prior to the preparation of titanium alloy coatings on the base materials, the conventional surface pretreatments including: and (3) polishing the surface of the base material by using No. 60 abrasive paper to remove oxide skin, and cleaning the surface of the base material by using alcohol or acetone to remove impurities such as oil stains and the like. And obtaining a clean matrix material after pretreatment.
Example 1
Taking cleaned Q235 steel obtained after pretreatment as a base material, placing the base material on a plasma cladding workbench, enabling a welding gun nozzle to be 8mm away from a base material processing surface, enabling a tungsten electrode in a welding gun to be retracted by 5mm, loading spherical Cu powder into a powder feeder of plasma cladding equipment, and adopting a synchronous powder feeding mode.
Setting the plasma cladding process parameters as follows:
working current 130A, working voltage 20V, scanning speed of 0.08m/min, volume flow of powder feeding gas (Ar): 0.3m3H, plasma working gas (Ar): 0.3m3H, shielding gas (Ar): 0.3m3/h。
And starting the switch to start the plasma cladding preparation of the transition layer, and finishing the preparation of the copper transition layer on the surface of the base material.
On the basis, after the same conventional surface pretreatment as that of the base material, including descaling, deoiling and the like, is carried out, the base material with the copper transition layer is placed on a plasma workbench, and V powder, Arabic gum and deionized water are mixed according to the mass ratio of 12: 1: 6, uniformly mixing and stirring the mixture according to the proportion until the mixture is viscous liquid to form pre-mixed slurry, covering a pre-mixed slurry layer with the thickness of 1mm on the surface of the copper transition layer, sequentially carrying out air cooling for 2 hours and drying for 3 hours at 150 ℃, then completing solidification of the pre-mixed slurry, and then filling spherical V powder into a powder feeder of plasma cladding equipment, and adopting a synchronous powder feeding mode.
Setting the plasma cladding process parameters as follows:
working current 145A, working voltage 20V, scanning speed of 0.09m/min, volume flow of powder feeding gas (Ar): 0.3m3H, plasma working gas (Ar): 0.3m3H, shielding gas (Ar): 0.3m3/h。
Starting the switch to start the plasma cladding preparation of the transition layer, and finishing the preparation of the vanadium secondary transition layer on the surface of the copper transition layer.
And further preparing a titanium layer on the basis of the secondary transition layer. The same conventional surface pretreatment as that of the base material is adopted, the operations of descaling, deoiling and the like are included, then the base material with the prepared copper and vanadium metal transition layer is placed on a plasma workbench, spherical pure titanium powder (Ti) is loaded into a powder feeder of plasma cladding equipment, and a synchronous powder feeding mode is adopted.
Setting the plasma cladding process parameters as follows:
working current 175A, working voltage 20V, scanning speed 0.06m/min, powder feeding gas (Ar) volume flow: 1.0m3H, plasma working gas (Ar): 1.0m3H, shielding gas (Ar): 1.0m3/h。
And starting a switch to start plasma cladding preparation of the transition layer, and preparing a titanium layer taking copper and vanadium as the transition layer on the surface of the Q235 steel after cladding is finished, namely a final product.
The prepared final product is shown in figure 1, the surface titanium layer and the base material are combined stably, are basically embedded, have high density and have no defects such as pores, cracks and the like in a macroscopic view, and the cross section is observed and detected after the titanium layer and the base material are further cut along the depth direction. As shown in figures 2 and 3, the cross section of the titanium-based titanium-iron alloy is also compact, has no defects such as air holes and cracks, has no welding seams between layers, basically generates no inter-diffusion of the components between the layers except for the diffusion of the components of a partial copper transition layer, remarkably improves the bonding strength of the titanium layer and a base material through the transition layer, and realizes excellent titanium-iron linking effect.
The bonding strength of the prepared titanium layer and the Q235 steel matrix material is detected according to GB/T6396-2008, and is recorded and compared with the conventional commercially available titanium-plated Q235 steel.
Example 2
Taking cleaned Q235 steel obtained after pretreatment as a base material, placing the base material on a plasma cladding workbench, enabling a welding gun nozzle to be 8mm away from a base material processing surface, enabling a tungsten electrode in a welding gun to be retracted by 5mm, loading spherical Cu powder into a powder feeder of plasma cladding equipment, and adopting a synchronous powder feeding mode.
Setting the plasma cladding process parameters as follows:
working current 130A, working voltage 10V, scanning speed of 0.06m/min, volume flow of powder feeding gas (Ar): 0.3m3H, plasma working gas (Ar): 0.3m3H, shielding gas (Ar): 0.3m3/h。
And starting the switch to start the plasma cladding preparation of the transition layer, and finishing the preparation of the copper transition layer on the surface of the base material.
On the basis, after the same conventional surface pretreatment as that of the base material, including descaling, deoiling and the like, is carried out, the base material with the copper transition layer is placed on a plasma workbench, and V powder, Arabic gum and deionized water are mixed according to the mass ratio of 12: 1: 6, uniformly mixing and stirring the mixture according to the proportion until the mixture is viscous liquid to form pre-mixed slurry, covering a pre-mixed slurry layer with the thickness of 1mm on the surface of the copper transition layer, sequentially carrying out air cooling for 2 hours and drying for 3 hours at 150 ℃, then completing solidification of the pre-mixed slurry, and then filling spherical V powder into a powder feeder of plasma cladding equipment, and adopting a synchronous powder feeding mode.
Setting the plasma cladding process parameters as follows:
working current 160A, working voltage 30V, scanning speed of 0.10m/min, volume flow of powder feeding gas (Ar): 0.3m3H, plasma working gas (Ar): 0.3m3H, shielding gas (Ar): 0.3m3/h。
Starting the switch to start the plasma cladding preparation of the transition layer, and finishing the preparation of the vanadium secondary transition layer on the surface of the copper transition layer.
And further preparing a titanium layer on the basis of the secondary transition layer. The same conventional surface pretreatment as that of the base material is adopted, the operations of descaling, deoiling and the like are included, then the base material with the prepared copper and vanadium metal transition layer is placed on a plasma workbench, spherical pure titanium powder (Ti) is loaded into a powder feeder of plasma cladding equipment, and a synchronous powder feeding mode is adopted.
Setting the plasma cladding process parameters as follows:
working current 190A, working voltage 30V, scanning speed of 0.10m/min, volume flow of powder feeding gas (Ar): 1.0m3H, plasma working gas (Ar): 1.0m3H, shielding gas (Ar): 1.0m3/h。
And starting a switch to start plasma cladding preparation of the transition layer, and preparing a titanium layer taking copper and vanadium as the transition layer on the surface of the Q235 steel after cladding is finished.
The bonding strength of the prepared titanium layer and the Q235 steel matrix material is detected according to GB/T6396-2008, and is recorded and compared with the conventional commercially available titanium-plated Q235 steel.
Example 3
The specific procedure was the same as in example 1, except that:
in the preparation process of the copper transition layer, the following plasma cladding parameters are changed:
adjusting the working current to 160A;
when the titanium layer is prepared, the following plasma cladding parameters are changed:
the operating current was adjusted to 200A.
And preparing a titanium layer with copper and vanadium as transition layers on the surface of the Q235 steel.
The bonding strength of the prepared titanium layer and the Q235 steel matrix material is detected according to GB/T6396-2008, and is recorded and compared with the conventional commercially available titanium-plated Q235 steel.
Example 4
The specific procedure was the same as in example 1, except that:
in the preparation process of the copper transition layer, the following plasma cladding parameters are changed:
the working voltage is 30V, and the scanning speed is 1.0 m/min;
in the preparation process of the vanadium transition layer, the following plasma cladding parameters are changed:
the working voltage is 30V, and the scanning speed is 1.0 m/min;
during the preparation of the titanium layer, the following plasma cladding parameters were changed:
the working voltage is 30V, and the scanning speed is 1.0 m/min.
And preparing a titanium layer with copper and vanadium as transition layers on the surface of the Q235 steel.
The bonding strength of the prepared titanium layer and the Q235 steel matrix material is detected according to GB/T6396-2008, and is recorded and compared with the conventional commercially available titanium-plated Q235 steel.
Example 5
The specific preparation procedure was the same as in example 1, except that:
the pre-mixing ratio is adjusted to the following ratio:
deionized water and Arabic gum are mixed in a mass ratio of 9: 2, and preparing the binder, wherein the mass ratio of the binder to the vanadium powder is 9: 20, preparing into pre-mixed slurry.
And preparing a titanium layer with copper and vanadium as transition layers on the surface of the Q235 steel.
The bonding strength of the prepared titanium layer and the Q235 steel matrix material is detected according to GB/T6396-2008, and is recorded and compared with the conventional commercially available titanium-plated Q235 steel.
Example 6
The specific procedure was the same as in example 1, except that:
in the preparation process of the copper transition layer, the following plasma cladding parameters are changed:
the scanning speed is 0.10 m/min;
the pre-mixing ratio is adjusted to the following ratio:
deionized water and Arabic gum are mixed in a mass ratio of 9: 2, and preparing the binder, wherein the mass ratio of the binder to the vanadium powder is 9: 20, changing the following plasma cladding parameters in the preparation process of the pre-slurried vanadium transition layer:
the scanning speed is 0.1 m/min;
during the preparation of the titanium layer, the following plasma cladding parameters were changed:
the scanning speed was 0.1 m/min.
And preparing a titanium layer with copper and vanadium as transition layers on the surface of the Q235 steel.
The bonding strength of the prepared titanium layer and the Q235 steel matrix material is detected according to GB/T6396-2008, and is recorded and compared with the conventional commercially available titanium-plated Q235 steel.
Example 7
The specific procedure was the same as in example 1, except that:
the vanadium metal powder used was replaced with niobium metal powder, and the plasma cladding parameters were adjusted for the following secondary transition layer (i.e. preparation of the original vanadium transition layer, niobium transition layer in this example) preparation:
the working current was 165A, and the scanning speed was 0.10 m/min.
And preparing a titanium layer with copper and niobium as transition layers on the surface of the Q235 steel.
The bonding strength of the prepared titanium layer and the Q235 steel matrix material is detected according to GB/T6396-2008, and is recorded and compared with the conventional commercially available titanium-plated Q235 steel.
Example 8
The specific procedure was the same as in example 1, except that:
the vanadium metal powder used was completely replaced with tantalum metal powder, and the plasma cladding parameters during the preparation of the following secondary transition layer (i.e. the preparation of the original vanadium transition layer, the tantalum transition layer in this example) were adjusted:
the working current is 180A, the working voltage is 30V, and the scanning speed is 0.10 m/min.
A titanium layer with copper and tantalum as transition layers is prepared on the surface of Q235 steel.
The bonding strength of the prepared titanium layer and the Q235 steel matrix material is detected according to GB/T6396-2008, and is recorded and compared with the conventional commercially available titanium-plated Q235 steel.
Example 9
The specific procedure was the same as in example 1, except that:
the used copper metal powder was completely replaced with silver metal powder, and the plasma cladding parameters during the preparation of the following secondary transition layer (i.e. the preparation of the original copper transition layer, the silver transition layer in this example) were adjusted:
the working current was 150A, and the scanning speed was 0.10 m/min.
And preparing a titanium layer with silver and vanadium as transition layers on the surface of the Q235 steel.
The bonding strength of the prepared titanium layer and the Q235 steel matrix material is detected according to GB/T6396-2008, and is recorded and compared with the conventional commercially available titanium-plated Q235 steel.
Example 10
The specific preparation procedure was the same as in example 1, except that:
in the preparation process of the copper transition layer, the following plasma cladding parameters are changed:
the working current is 260A, the working voltage is 30V, the scanning speed is 1.0m/min, and the volume flow rates of the powder feeding gas (Ar), the plasma working gas (Ar) and the protective gas (Ar) are all 1.2m3/h；
In the preparation process of the vanadium transition layer, the following plasma cladding parameters are changed:
the working voltage is 5V, and the scanning speed is 1.0 m/min.
And preparing a titanium layer with copper and vanadium as transition layers on the surface of the Q235 steel.
The bonding strength of the prepared titanium layer and the Q235 steel matrix material is detected according to GB/T6396-2008, and is recorded and compared with the conventional commercially available titanium-plated Q235 steel.
Example 11
The specific procedure was the same as in example 1, except that:
the pre-mixing ratio is adjusted to the following ratio:
deionized water and Arabic gum are mixed in a mass ratio of 10: 1, and preparing the binder, wherein the mass ratio of the binder to vanadium powder is 4: and 5, preparing the pre-mixed slurry.
And preparing a titanium layer with copper and vanadium as transition layers on the surface of the Q235 steel.
The bonding strength of the prepared titanium layer and the Q235 steel matrix material is detected according to GB/T6396-2008, and is recorded and compared with the conventional commercially available titanium-plated Q235 steel.
Example 12
The specific procedure was the same as in example 1, except that:
the pre-mixing ratio is adjusted to the following ratio:
deionized water and Arabic gum are mixed in a mass ratio of 2: 1, and preparing the binder, wherein the mass ratio of the binder to vanadium powder is 8: 20, preparing into pre-mixed slurry.
And preparing a titanium layer with copper and vanadium as transition layers on the surface of the Q235 steel.
The bonding strength of the prepared titanium layer and the Q235 steel matrix material is detected according to GB/T6396-2008, and is recorded and compared with the conventional commercially available titanium-plated Q235 steel.
Example 13
The specific procedure was the same as in example 1, except that:
after pre-mixing slurry is covered, air cooling is carried out for 1h, and drying and curing are carried out for 6h at 100 ℃.
And preparing a titanium layer with copper and vanadium as transition layers on the surface of the Q235 steel.
The bonding strength of the prepared titanium layer and the Q235 steel matrix material is detected according to GB/T6396-2008, and is recorded and compared with the conventional commercially available titanium-plated Q235 steel.
Example 14
The specific procedure was the same as in example 1, except that:
air cooling for 4h after pre-mixing slurry covering, and drying and curing at 180 ℃ for 2 h.
And preparing a titanium layer with copper and vanadium as transition layers on the surface of the Q235 steel.
The bonding strength of the prepared titanium layer and the Q235 steel matrix material is detected according to GB/T6396-2008, and is recorded and compared with the conventional commercially available titanium-plated Q235 steel.
Comparative example 1
The specific procedure was the same as in example 1, except that:
the method does not adopt a mode of synchronous powder feeding for preparation, and adopts a mode of firstly generating a molten pool, then feeding powder, and then cooling and solidifying in the conventional plasma cladding process for preparation.
The bonding strength of the prepared titanium layer and the Q235 steel matrix material is detected according to GB/T6396-2008, and is recorded and compared with the conventional commercially available titanium-plated Q235 steel.
Comparative example 2
The specific procedure was the same as in example 1, except that:
the preparation of the transition layer was not carried out.
The bonding strength of the prepared titanium layer and the Q235 steel matrix material is detected according to GB/T6396-2008, and is recorded and compared with the conventional commercially available titanium-plated Q235 steel.
Comparative example 3
The specific procedure was the same as in example 1, except that:
when the secondary transition layer is prepared, the pre-slurry mixing is not preferentially arranged.
The bonding strength of the prepared titanium layer and the Q235 steel matrix material is detected according to GB/T6396-2008, and is recorded and compared with the conventional commercially available titanium-plated Q235 steel.
Comparative example 4
The specific procedure was the same as in example 1, except that:
replacing the pre-mixed slurry with pure metal powder, and directly covering vanadium metal powder with the same vanadium content in the pre-mixed slurry on the surface of the copper transition layer.
The bonding strength of the prepared titanium layer and the Q235 steel matrix material is detected according to GB/T6396-2008, and is recorded and compared with the conventional commercially available titanium-plated Q235 steel.
Comparative example 5
The specific procedure was the same as in example 1, except that:
after pre-slurry-mixing covering, the plasma cladding of vanadium is directly carried out without carrying out curing treatment.
The bonding strength of the prepared titanium layer and the Q235 steel matrix material is detected according to GB/T6396-2008, and is recorded and compared with the conventional commercially available titanium-plated Q235 steel.
Example 15
Taking cleaned Q235 steel obtained after pretreatment as a base material, placing the base material on a plasma cladding workbench, enabling a welding gun nozzle to be 8mm away from a base material processing surface, enabling a tungsten electrode in a welding gun to be retracted by 5mm, loading spherical Cu powder into a powder feeder of plasma cladding equipment, and adopting a synchronous powder feeding mode.
Setting the plasma cladding process parameters as follows:
working current 130A, working voltage 20V, scanning speed of 0.08m/min, volume flow of powder feeding gas (Ar): 0.3m3H, plasma working gas (Ar): 0.3m3H, shielding gas (Ar): 0.3m3/h。
And starting the switch to start the plasma cladding preparation of the transition layer, and finishing the preparation of the copper transition layer on the surface of the base material.
And further preparing a titanium layer on the basis of the copper transition layer. The same conventional surface pretreatment as that of the base material is adopted, the conventional surface pretreatment comprises operations of descaling, deoiling and the like, then the base material with the copper metal transition layer is placed on a plasma workbench, spherical pure titanium powder (Ti) is filled into a powder feeder of plasma cladding equipment, and a synchronous powder feeding mode is adopted.
Setting the plasma cladding process parameters as follows:
working current 175A, working voltage 20V, scanning speed 0.06m/min, powder feeding gas (Ar) volume flow: 1.0m3H, plasma working gas (Ar): 1.0m3H, shielding gas (Ar): 1.0m3/h。
And starting a switch to start plasma cladding preparation of the transition layer, and preparing a titanium layer taking copper as the transition layer on the surface of the Q235 steel after cladding is finished.
Example 16
The specific procedure was the same as in example 13, except that:
adjusting the plasma cladding parameters of the transition layer preparation as follows:
the working current is 260A, the working voltage is 30V, and the scanning speed is 1.0 m/min.
And preparing a titanium layer taking copper as a transition layer on the surface of the Q235 steel.
The bonding strength of the prepared titanium layer and the Q235 steel matrix material is detected according to GB/T6396-2008, and is recorded and compared with the conventional commercially available titanium-plated Q235 steel.
Example 17
The specific procedure was the same as in example 13, except that:
tungsten powder is used for replacing copper powder, and plasma cladding parameters for preparing the transition layer are adjusted as follows:
the working current is 100A, the working voltage is 5V, the scanning speed is 0.01m/min, and the volume flow of the powder feeding gas (Ar), the plasma working gas (Ar) and the protective gas (Ar) is 1.2m3/h。
And preparing a titanium layer taking tungsten as a transition layer on the surface of the Q235 steel.
The bonding strength of the prepared titanium layer and the Q235 steel matrix material is detected according to GB/T6396-2008, and is recorded and compared with the conventional commercially available titanium-plated Q235 steel.
Comparative example 6
The specific procedure was the same as in example 15, except that:
the method does not adopt a mode of synchronous powder feeding for preparation, and adopts a mode of firstly generating a molten pool, then feeding powder, and then cooling and solidifying in the conventional plasma cladding process for preparation.
The bonding strength of the prepared titanium layer and the Q235 steel matrix material is detected according to GB/T6396-2008, and is recorded and compared with the conventional commercially available titanium-plated Q235 steel.
Comparative example 7
The specific procedure was the same as in example 15, except that:
the preparation of the transition layer was not carried out.
The bonding strength of the prepared titanium layer and the Q235 steel matrix material is detected according to GB/T6396-2008, and is recorded and compared with the conventional commercially available titanium-plated Q235 steel.
The results of the bond strength test of examples 1 to 17 and comparative examples 1 to 7 are shown in table 1 below.
Table 1: and (5) testing the bonding strength.
The test results are all measured by taking the average value of ten times, and are accurate to one digit after decimal.
From the above table, it is obvious that the preparation of the titanium layer after the preparation of the transition layer by the preparation process of the invention can greatly improve the bonding strength between the titanium layer and the base material, remarkably improve the titanium iron linking effect, and basically improve the bonding strength by over 155% compared with the conventional commercially available titanium-plated Q235 steel.
Claims (10)
1. A method for preparing a metal transition layer by plasma cladding is characterized in that,
the method comprises the following steps:
preparing a transition layer on a base material by using metal powder as a raw material in a plasma cladding mode;
plasma cladding is carried out in cooperation with synchronous powder feeding.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of forming the metal transition layer by plasma cladding,
the plasma cladding control parameters are as follows:
the working current is 100-260A, the working voltage is 5-30V, the scanning speed is 0.01-1.0 m/min, and the volume flow of the powder feeding gas, the plasma working gas and the shielding gas is 0.2-1.2 m3/h。
3. The method for preparing a metal transition layer by plasma cladding as claimed in claim 2,
the plasma working gas is argon;
the powder feeding gas and the protective gas are nitrogen or inert gas.
4. A method for producing a metal transition layer by plasma cladding according to claim 1, 2 or 3,
the metal powder includes any one or more of Cu, Mn, Co, Ag, Mo, Ta, Nb, W and V.
5. A method for preparing a metal transition layer by plasma cladding is characterized in that,
the method comprises the following steps:
preparing a transition layer on a base material by using metal powder as a raw material in a plasma cladding mode;
preparing at least one secondary transition layer on the transition layer by taking metal powder as a raw material in a plasma cladding mode;
the plasma cladding is carried out in cooperation with synchronous powder feeding.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the step of forming the metal transition layer by plasma cladding,
the plasma cladding control parameters are as follows:
the working current is 100-260A, the working voltage is 5-30V, the scanning speed is 0.01-1.0 m/min, and the volume flow of the powder feeding gas, the plasma working gas and the shielding gas is 0.2-1.2 m3/h。
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the step of forming the metal transition layer by plasma cladding,
the plasma working gas, the powder feeding gas and the protective gas are all argon.
8. The method of claim 5, wherein the step of forming the metal transition layer by plasma cladding,
during preparation of the secondary transition layer, a pre-conditioning slurry layer containing metal powder with the thickness of 0.5-2.5 mm is coated in a region to be clad before plasma cladding is carried out, and then air cooling and hot drying are sequentially carried out;
the air cooling lasts for 1-4 h;
and carrying out thermal drying for 2-6 h at the temperature of 100-180 ℃.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the step of forming the metal transition layer by plasma cladding,
the pre-mixing slurry consists of metal powder, a micromolecular polar solvent and Arabic gum, wherein the Arabic gum and the micromolecular polar solvent are mixed according to a mass ratio of 1: (2-10) as a binder, wherein the mass ratio of the metal powder to the binder is (5-20): (4-9).
10. A method for preparing a metal transition layer by plasma cladding according to claim 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9,
the metal powder includes any one or more of Cu, Mn, Co, Ag, Mo, Ta, Nb, W and V.
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