CN111607717A - Additive manufactured copper-iron alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Additive manufactured copper-iron alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111607717A CN111607717A CN202010687379.3A CN202010687379A CN111607717A CN 111607717 A CN111607717 A CN 111607717A CN 202010687379 A CN202010687379 A CN 202010687379A CN 111607717 A CN111607717 A CN 111607717A
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- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 105
- IYRDVAUFQZOLSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper iron Chemical compound [Fe].[Cu] IYRDVAUFQZOLSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 105
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title description 17
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000005674 electromagnetic induction Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009689 gas atomisation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 abstract description 23
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 11
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 5
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000110 selective laser sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010963 304 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010964 304L stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002530 Cu-Y Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000589 SAE 304 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011960 computer-aided design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000016 photochemical curing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000601 superalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
-
- B22F1/0003—
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/0425—Copper-based alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/02—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of metals or alloys
- H01B1/026—Alloys based on copper
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
- B22F2009/0848—Melting process before atomisation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Metal Powder And Suspensions Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to an additive manufactured copper-iron alloy which is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 5.0-8.0 wt%, RE: 0.8-1.5 wt%, and the balance of Cu and inevitable impurities, wherein the content of the impurities is less than or equal to 0.01 wt%. According to the invention, a proper amount of Fe is added into the copper alloy, so that the laser absorption rate of copper in the additive manufacturing process is obviously improved, and the additive manufacturing is easier. The addition of a proper amount of rare earth into the copper alloy can improve the microstructure of the copper-iron alloy powder, so that the copper-iron alloy powder is more suitable for the additive manufacturing process, and can refine the structures of a Cu phase and a Fe phase and improve the mechanical property of the copper-iron alloy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of additive manufacturing of copper alloys, and particularly relates to an additive manufactured copper-iron alloy and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The additive manufacturing technology, also known as rapid prototyping or 3D printing technology, is a manufacturing technology which integrates computer aided design, material processing and forming technology, and based on a digital model file, the special materials such as metal materials, non-metal materials and the like are stacked layer by layer through software and a numerical control system according to the modes of extrusion, sintering, melting, photocuring, spraying and the like to manufacture solid materials. Compared with the traditional manufacturing technology, the additive manufacturing technology has the following advantages: (1) the method is not limited by the shape of the part, and any part with a complex structure can be precisely manufactured; (2) the manufacturing of parts can be rapidly finished without complex processing procedures such as die development, casting, forging, extrusion, rolling, machining and the like; (3) the processing allowance is small, and the raw material waste is less. For metallic materials, a common additive manufacturing process mainly includes: selective Laser Melting (SLM), Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) and Selective Electron Beam Melting (SEBM). The selective laser melting technology has the advantages of high forming precision, good internal quality, high mechanical property and the like, and has a wide application prospect.
At present, products such as titanium alloy, stainless steel, high-temperature nickel-based alloy and the like with excellent performance can be successfully prepared by applying a selective laser melting technology. For example: the invention patent CN104174845B discloses a method for preparing titanium alloy parts by selective laser melting molding; the invention patent CN108339983B discloses a selective laser melting forming method of 304 stainless steel or 304L stainless steel; the invention patent CN109439962B discloses a method for selective laser melting forming of nickel-based superalloy.
However, in the case of copper alloy, the absorption rate of pure copper powder to laser is only 2.0-5.0%, which results in low printing efficiency of pure copper powder and poor product quality, so that the technology for preparing copper alloy by adopting the selective laser melting technology is not mature, and the copper alloy has good electric conductivity and heat conductivity and excellent corrosion resistance and is widely applied to the fields of aerospace, electronic and electrician and the like. At present, along with the shortening of the production period of products and the gradual increase of the requirements of complex precision components, the development of the copper alloy with excellent performance and manufactured by additive manufacturing has important significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The first technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an additive manufactured copper-iron alloy with good absorption rate and excellent comprehensive performance in view of the above-mentioned current state of the art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the first technical problem is as follows: the additive manufacturing copper-iron alloy is characterized in that the composition of the copper-iron alloy in percentage by mass is Fe: 5.0-8.0 wt%, RE: 0.8-1.5 wt%, and the balance of Cu and inevitable impurities, wherein the content of the impurities is less than or equal to 0.01 wt%.
The addition of the Fe element can obviously improve the absorptivity of the copper alloy powder to laser, the absorptivity of the pure Cu powder to the laser is only 2.0-5.0%, and after a certain amount of the Fe element is added, the absorptivity of the copper alloy powder to the laser can be obviously improved. However, since the melting point of Cu is only 1083 ℃, which is greatly different from the melting point of Fe of 1538 ℃, this may cause defects due to the fact that high-melting-point materials are not easily melted completely in the additive manufacturing process, and therefore, the content of Fe is not too large, and is controlled to be 5.0 to 8.0 wt%.
The rare earth has a certain purification effect on Cu phase and Fe phase in the alloy, so that the rare earth is more suitable for an additive manufacturing process. On the other hand, the structure of the Cu phase and the Fe phase can be refined, and the mechanical property of the copper-iron alloy is improved. Therefore, in the present invention, 0.8 to 1.5 wt% of RE is added.
The impurity elements have great influence on the additive manufacturing of the copper-iron alloy, and particularly when the impurity elements such as O, S are excessive, the performance of the copper-iron alloy material is influenced. The impurity elements of the invention should be controlled within 0.01 wt%.
Preferably, the RE is selected from one or more of the light rare earths; or the RE is selected from one or more of heavy rare earths.
Preferably, the RE is La and Ce in the light rare earth.
Preferably, the compactness of the copper-iron alloy is 95-98%.
Preferably, the grain size of the copper-iron alloy is less than or equal to 50 μm.
Preferably, the tensile strength of the copper-iron alloy is 400-460 MPa, the yield strength is 320-410 MPa, the elongation is 16-25%, and the electric conductivity is 55-70% IACS.
The second technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for preparing an additive manufactured copper-iron alloy in view of the above-mentioned prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the second technical problem is as follows: a preparation method of an additive manufactured copper-iron alloy is characterized by comprising the following preparation steps: 1) preparing copper-iron alloy powder by a gas atomization method; 2) and preparing the copper-iron alloy material by a selective laser melting method.
Preferably, the process of step 1) is as follows: weighing the materials according to the component proportion of the copper-iron alloy material, respectively adding electrolytic Cu, Fe and Cu-RE intermediate alloy into an electromagnetic induction smelting furnace for smelting at the smelting temperature of 1200-1350 ℃, under the protection of inert gas, after molten metal is completely molten, enabling the molten metal to flow out at the speed of 5.0-8.0 kg/min through an atomizing nozzle, wherein the air pressure in the atomizing nozzle is 4.0-5.0 MPa, and atomized metal liquid drops are rapidly solidified to form copper-iron alloy powder.
Preferably, the copper-iron alloy powder with the size of 35-65 mu m is screened out and is put into a vacuum drying oven with the temperature of 100-150 ℃ for standby.
Preferably, in the step 2): placing the copper-iron alloy powder into a powder cylinder of a selective laser melting additive manufacturing machine, protecting by inert gas, wherein the volume ratio of oxygen content is less than 0.1%, and the process conditions of the selective laser melting method are as follows: the laser power is 450-500W, the diameter of a light spot is 0.06-0.1 mm, the scanning speed is 6-10 m/s, the scanning distance is 0.05-0.16 mm, and the thickness of a powder laying layer is 0.02-0.05 mm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1) according to the invention, a proper amount of Fe is added into the copper alloy, so that the laser absorption rate of copper in the additive manufacturing process is obviously improved, and the additive manufacturing is easier. The addition of a proper amount of rare earth into the copper alloy can improve the microstructure of the copper-iron alloy powder, so that the copper-iron alloy powder is more suitable for the additive manufacturing process, and can refine the structures of a Cu phase and a Fe phase and improve the mechanical property of the copper-iron alloy.
2) The copper-iron alloy material is prepared by adopting an additive manufacturing method, the manufacturing of parts with complex structures can be rapidly finished without complex processing procedures such as die development, casting, forging, extrusion, rolling, machining and the like, the processing allowance is small, and the waste of raw materials is less.
3) The density of the copper-iron alloy material manufactured by the additive manufacturing method is 95-98%, the yield strength is 320-410 MPa, the tensile strength is 400-460 MPa, the elongation is 16-25%, and the electric conductivity is 55-70% IACS, so that the copper-iron alloy material is particularly suitable for preparing electric appliance parts, electronic product parts and the like with complex shapes.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
Example 1:
the copper-iron alloy consists of the following components of Fe: 5.0 wt%, La: 0.8 wt%, and the balance of Cu and inevitable impurities, wherein the content of the impurities is less than or equal to 0.01 wt%. The preparation of the additive manufactured copper-iron alloy comprises the following preparation steps:
1) preparing copper-iron alloy powder by a gas atomization method;
weighing the materials according to the component proportion of the copper-iron alloy material, respectively adding electrolytic Cu, Fe and Cu-La intermediate alloy into an electromagnetic induction smelting furnace for smelting at 1200 ℃, protecting with argon, connecting the molten metal on an atomizing nozzle to flow out at the speed of 6.0kg/min after the molten metal is completely melted, meeting with high-speed airflow of the atomizing nozzle, atomizing into fine droplets at the air pressure of 4.0MPa, and then quickly solidifying into fine copper-iron alloy metal powder. And screening the prepared copper-iron alloy powder, and putting the screened metal powder with the size of 35-65 um into a vacuum drying oven at 150 ℃ for later use.
2) And preparing the copper-iron alloy material by a selective laser melting method.
Placing the copper-iron alloy powder in a powder cylinder of an SLM additive manufacturing machine, protecting with argon gas, wherein the volume ratio of oxygen content is less than 0.1%, and the process conditions are as follows: the laser power is 470W, the diameter of a light spot is 0.07mm, the scanning speed is 6m/s, the scanning interval is 0.05mm, and the thickness of the powder laying layer is 0.02 mm.
The density of the copper-iron alloy is 96 percent, the yield strength is 320MPa, the tensile strength is 415MPa, the elongation is 25 percent, the electric conductivity is 70 percent IACS, and the grain size is 45 mu m.
Example 2:
the copper-iron alloy consists of the following components of Fe: 5.8 wt%, Ce: 0.8 wt%, and the balance of Cu and inevitable impurities, wherein the content of the impurities is less than or equal to 0.01 wt%. The preparation of the additive manufactured copper-iron alloy comprises the following preparation steps:
1) preparing copper-iron alloy powder by a gas atomization method;
weighing the materials according to the component proportion of the copper-iron alloy material, respectively adding electrolytic Cu, Fe and Cu-Ce intermediate alloys into an electromagnetic induction smelting furnace for smelting at 1300 ℃, under the protection of argon, connecting molten metal on an atomizing nozzle to flow out at the speed of 5.0kg/min after the molten metal is completely melted, meeting with high-speed airflow of the atomizing nozzle, atomizing into fine droplets under the air pressure of 5.0MPa, and then quickly solidifying into fine copper-iron alloy metal powder. And screening the prepared copper-iron alloy powder, and putting the screened metal powder with the size of 35-65 um into a vacuum drying oven at 100 ℃ for later use.
2) And preparing the copper-iron alloy material by a selective laser melting method.
Placing the copper-iron alloy powder in a powder cylinder of an SLM additive manufacturing machine, protecting with argon gas, wherein the volume ratio of oxygen content is less than 0.1%, and the process conditions are as follows: the laser power is 500W, the diameter of a light spot is 0.08mm, the scanning speed is 10m/s, the scanning interval is 0.10mm, and the thickness of a powder layer is 0.05 mm.
The density of the copper-iron alloy is 95%, the yield strength is 329MPa, the tensile strength is 400MPa, the elongation is 23%, the conductivity is 68% IACS, and the grain size is 50 μm.
Example 3:
the copper-iron alloy consists of the following components of Fe: 6.2 wt%, Ce: 1.0 wt%, and the balance of Cu and inevitable impurities, wherein the content of the impurities is less than or equal to 0.01 wt%. The preparation of the additive manufactured copper-iron alloy comprises the following preparation steps:
1) preparing copper-iron alloy powder by a gas atomization method;
weighing the materials according to the component proportion of the copper-iron alloy material, respectively adding electrolytic Cu, Fe and Cu-Ce intermediate alloys into an electromagnetic induction smelting furnace for smelting at 1300 ℃, under the protection of argon, connecting molten metal on an atomizing nozzle to flow out at the speed of 8.0kg/min after the molten metal is completely melted, meeting with high-speed airflow of the atomizing nozzle, atomizing into fine droplets under the air pressure of 5.0MPa, and then quickly solidifying into fine copper-iron alloy metal powder. And screening the prepared copper-iron alloy powder, and putting the screened metal powder with the size of 35-65 um into a vacuum drying oven at 120 ℃ for later use.
2) And preparing the copper-iron alloy material by a selective laser melting method.
Placing the copper-iron alloy powder in a powder cylinder of an SLM additive manufacturing machine, protecting with argon gas, wherein the volume ratio of oxygen content is less than 0.1%, and the process conditions are as follows: the laser power is 480W, the diameter of a light spot is 0.09mm, the scanning speed is 8m/s, the scanning interval is 0.16mm, and the thickness of a powder laying layer is 0.05 mm.
The density of the copper-iron alloy is 97.5 percent, the yield strength is 340MPa, the tensile strength is 432MPa, the elongation is 20 percent, the electric conductivity is 62 percent IACS, and the grain size is 40 mu m.
Example 4:
the copper-iron alloy consists of the following components of Fe: 7.0 wt%, Ce: 1.5 wt%, and the balance of Cu and inevitable impurities, wherein the content of the impurities is less than or equal to 0.01 wt%. The preparation of the additive manufactured copper-iron alloy comprises the following preparation steps:
1) preparing copper-iron alloy powder by a gas atomization method;
weighing the materials according to the component proportion of the copper-iron alloy material, respectively adding electrolytic Cu, Fe and Cu-Ce intermediate alloys into an electromagnetic induction smelting furnace for smelting at 1350 ℃, carrying out argon protection, connecting the molten metal on an atomizing nozzle to flow out at the speed of 8.0kg/min after the molten metal is completely melted, meeting with high-speed airflow of the atomizing nozzle, atomizing into fine droplets at the air pressure of 5.0MPa, and then rapidly solidifying into fine copper-iron alloy metal powder. And screening the prepared copper-iron alloy powder, and putting the screened metal powder with the size of 35-65 um into a vacuum drying oven at 150 ℃ for later use.
2) And preparing the copper-iron alloy material by a selective laser melting method.
Placing the copper-iron alloy powder in a powder cylinder of an SLM additive manufacturing machine, protecting with argon gas, wherein the volume ratio of oxygen content is less than 0.1%, and the process conditions are as follows: the laser power is 480W, the diameter of a light spot is 0.06mm, the scanning speed is 10m/s, the scanning interval is 0.16mm, and the thickness of a powder layer is 0.02 mm.
The density of the copper-iron alloy is 96 percent, the yield strength is 380MPa, the tensile strength is 451MPa, the elongation is 18 percent, the electric conductivity is 60 percent IACS, and the grain size is 45 mu m.
Example 5:
the copper-iron alloy consists of the following components, Fe: 7.5 wt%, Y: 1.2 wt%, and the balance of Cu and inevitable impurities, wherein the content of the impurities is less than or equal to 0.01 wt%. The preparation of the additive manufactured copper-iron alloy comprises the following preparation steps:
1) preparing copper-iron alloy powder by a gas atomization method;
weighing the materials according to the component proportion of the copper-iron alloy material, respectively adding electrolytic Cu, Fe and Cu-Y intermediate alloy into an electromagnetic induction smelting furnace for smelting at 1350 ℃, carrying out argon protection, connecting the molten metal on an atomizing nozzle to flow out at the speed of 6.0kg/min after the molten metal is completely melted, meeting with high-speed airflow of the atomizing nozzle, atomizing into fine droplets at the air pressure of 4.8MPa, and then rapidly solidifying into fine copper-iron alloy metal powder. And screening the prepared copper-iron alloy powder, and putting the screened metal powder with the size of 35-65 um into a vacuum drying oven at 150 ℃ for later use.
2) And preparing the copper-iron alloy material by a selective laser melting method.
Placing the copper-iron alloy powder in a powder cylinder of an SLM additive manufacturing machine, protecting with argon gas, wherein the volume ratio of oxygen content is less than 0.1%, and the process conditions are as follows: the laser power is 500W, the diameter of a light spot is 0.10mm, the scanning speed is 10m/s, the scanning interval is 0.06mm, and the thickness of a powder laying layer is 0.03 mm.
The density of the copper-iron alloy is 98 percent, the yield strength is 400MPa, the tensile strength is 455MPa, the elongation is 16 percent, the conductivity is 55 percent IACS, and the grain size is 50 mu m.
Example 6:
the copper-iron alloy consists of the following components, Fe: 8.0 wt%, La: 1.0 wt%, Ce: 0.3 wt%, and the balance of Cu and inevitable impurities, wherein the content of the impurities is less than or equal to 0.01 wt%. The preparation of the additive manufactured copper-iron alloy comprises the following preparation steps:
1) preparing copper-iron alloy powder by a gas atomization method;
weighing the materials according to the component proportion of the copper-iron alloy material, respectively adding electrolytic Cu, Fe, Cu-La intermediate alloy and Cu-Ce intermediate alloy into an electromagnetic induction smelting furnace for smelting at 1350 ℃, carrying out argon protection, connecting the molten metal on an atomizing nozzle to flow out at the speed of 8.0kg/min after the molten metal is completely melted, meeting with high-speed airflow of the atomizing nozzle, atomizing into fine droplets at the air pressure of 5MPa, and then quickly solidifying into fine copper-iron alloy metal powder. And screening the prepared copper-iron alloy powder, and putting the screened metal powder with the size of 35-65 um into a vacuum drying oven at 150 ℃ for later use.
2) And preparing the copper-iron alloy material by a selective laser melting method.
Placing the copper-iron alloy powder in a powder cylinder of an SLM additive manufacturing machine, protecting with argon gas, wherein the volume ratio of oxygen content is less than 0.1%, and the process conditions are as follows: the laser power is 500W, the diameter of a light spot is 0.06mm, the scanning speed is 6m/s, the scanning interval is 0.08mm, and the thickness of a powder layer is 0.02 mm.
The density of the copper-iron alloy is 96.8 percent, the yield strength is 410MPa, the tensile strength is 460MPa, the elongation is 16.8 percent, the conductivity is 55 percent IACS, and the grain size is 45 mu m.
Claims (10)
1. The additive manufacturing copper-iron alloy is characterized in that the composition of the copper-iron alloy in percentage by mass is Fe: 5.0-8.0 wt%, RE: 0.8-1.5 wt%, and the balance of Cu and inevitable impurities, wherein the content of the impurities is less than or equal to 0.01 wt%.
2. The additive manufactured copper-iron alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: the RE is selected from one or more of light rare earth; or the RE is selected from one or more of heavy rare earths.
3. The additive manufactured copper-iron alloy according to claim 2, wherein: and RE is La and Ce in the light rare earth.
4. The additive manufactured copper-iron alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: the compactness of the copper-iron alloy is 95-98%.
5. The additive manufactured copper-iron alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: the grain size of the copper-iron alloy is less than or equal to 50 mu m.
6. The additive manufactured copper-iron alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: the tensile strength of the copper-iron alloy is 400-460 MPa, the yield strength is 320-410 MPa, the elongation is 16-25%, and the electric conductivity is 55-70% IACS.
7. A method of manufacturing an additively manufactured copper-iron alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by comprising the following manufacturing steps: 1) preparing copper-iron alloy powder by a gas atomization method; 2) and preparing the copper-iron alloy material by a selective laser melting method.
8. The method of making an additively manufactured copper-iron alloy according to claim 7, wherein: the process of the step 1) comprises the following steps: weighing the materials according to the component proportion of the copper-iron alloy material, respectively adding electrolytic Cu, Fe and Cu-RE intermediate alloy into an electromagnetic induction smelting furnace for smelting at the smelting temperature of 1200-1350 ℃, under the protection of inert gas, after molten metal is completely molten, enabling the molten metal to flow out at the speed of 5.0-8.0 kg/min through an atomizing nozzle, wherein the air pressure in the atomizing nozzle is 4.0-5.0 MPa, and atomized metal liquid drops are rapidly solidified to form copper-iron alloy powder.
9. The method of making an additively manufactured copper-iron alloy of claim 8, wherein: screening out copper-iron alloy powder with the size of 35-65 mu m, and putting the copper-iron alloy powder into a vacuum drying oven at 100-150 ℃ for later use.
10. The method of making an additively manufactured copper-iron alloy according to claim 7, wherein: in the step 2): placing the copper-iron alloy powder into a powder cylinder of a selective laser melting additive manufacturing machine, protecting by inert gas, wherein the volume ratio of oxygen content is less than 0.1%, and the process conditions of the selective laser melting method are as follows: the laser power is 450-500W, the diameter of a light spot is 0.06-0.1 mm, the scanning speed is 6-10 m/s, the scanning distance is 0.05-0.16 mm, and the thickness of a powder laying layer is 0.02-0.05 mm.
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