CN111606616A - Filling type plant fiber, preparation method and high-strength plastic wave-absorbing concrete - Google Patents

Filling type plant fiber, preparation method and high-strength plastic wave-absorbing concrete Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111606616A
CN111606616A CN202010430556.XA CN202010430556A CN111606616A CN 111606616 A CN111606616 A CN 111606616A CN 202010430556 A CN202010430556 A CN 202010430556A CN 111606616 A CN111606616 A CN 111606616A
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parts
plant fiber
fiber
alkali
concrete
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Inventor
左洲明
袁善文
杨世忠
向敏
李锋刚
白小可
高金华
吴华
刘志韬
李忠
孙涛
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China Railway Erju 2nd Engineering Co Ltd
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China Railway Erju 2nd Engineering Co Ltd
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Priority to CN202010430556.XA priority Critical patent/CN111606616A/en
Publication of CN111606616A publication Critical patent/CN111606616A/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • C04B28/025—Belite cements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B20/00—Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
    • C04B20/02—Treatment
    • C04B20/023—Chemical treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B20/00—Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
    • C04B20/10—Coating or impregnating
    • C04B20/1018—Coating or impregnating with organic materials
    • C04B20/1029—Macromolecular compounds
    • C04B20/1033—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B20/00—Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
    • C04B20/10—Coating or impregnating
    • C04B20/1018—Coating or impregnating with organic materials
    • C04B20/1029—Macromolecular compounds
    • C04B20/1037—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B20/00—Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
    • C04B20/10—Coating or impregnating
    • C04B20/1055—Coating or impregnating with inorganic materials
    • C04B20/1066—Oxides, Hydroxides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B20/00—Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
    • C04B20/10—Coating or impregnating
    • C04B20/1055—Coating or impregnating with inorganic materials
    • C04B20/1074—Silicates, e.g. glass
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B20/00—Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
    • C04B20/10—Coating or impregnating
    • C04B20/1055—Coating or impregnating with inorganic materials
    • C04B20/1077—Cements, e.g. waterglass
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
    • C04B2111/00724—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 in mining operations, e.g. for backfilling; in making tunnels or galleries
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
    • C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
    • C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
    • C04B2201/52—High compression strength concretes, i.e. with a compression strength higher than about 55 N/mm2, e.g. reactive powder concrete [RPC]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete

Abstract

The invention discloses a filling type plant fiber, which takes a hollow tubular plant fiber as a pipe and takes alkali-resistant filler as a core material; the preparation method comprises the steps of soaking the plant fiber in the alkali-resistant filler dispersion liquid, taking out, cooling, drying and cutting to obtain the filled plant fiber. The high-strength plastic wave-absorbing concrete comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20 to 50 parts of filling type plant fiber, 200 to 300 parts of cement, 100 to 150 parts of fly ash, 20 to 50 parts of expanding agent, 700 to 800 parts of sand, 950 to 1100 parts of crushed stone, 5.8 to 6.8 parts of water reducing agent, 0.35 to 0.70 part of air entraining agent and 120 to 180 parts of water. The filling type plant fiber provided by the invention has the advantages of good alkali resistance, good pressure resistance and high breaking strength, and can improve the bonding force between the filling type plant fiber and the cement-based cementing material, so that the compactness, stability and durability of concrete are improved.

Description

Filling type plant fiber, preparation method and high-strength plastic wave-absorbing concrete
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of composite materials, and particularly relates to filled plant fibers, a preparation method and high-strength plastic wave-absorbing concrete.
Background
In the construction process of some tunnels, rock-salt formations are found, and the rock-salt formations are high in chloride salt content and high in the concentration of chloride ions of seepage water in the tunnels. The halite belongs to easily soluble chemical sedimentary rock, has the characteristics of corrosion and chemical erosion, has strong karst characteristics when meeting water, and meanwhile, the underground water solution in the salt rock area generally has chemical erosion with different degrees on a reinforced concrete structure of tunnel engineering.
When the lining cracking tunnel engineering is located in a sand-mud rock stratum with a rock salt, gypsum and anhydrite interlayer, after the engineering is built, underground water causes the easily soluble chemical deposition layer to be corroded, and the stress conditions of a tunnel substrate and surrounding rocks are reduced. Rock salt, gypsum and anhydrite in surrounding rock behind the secondary lining are dissolved in underground water and are easy to form cavities and cracks after being discharged, so that the surrounding rock mass is further crushed, disintegrated and even unstable, the strength and the self-stability are reduced, the pressure around the cavity acting on the secondary lining is increased, and the secondary lining resists the pressure of the surrounding rock for a long time and can deform and destroy. Therefore, the concrete constructed in rock salt formations and sand shale formations, both of which have high density and high strength, is required to cope with rock salt formations with low strength and poor stability and to avoid the infiltration of chloride salts.
The compactness, the strength and the wave-absorbing performance of the concrete are enhanced by commonly adopting the fibers at present, the fibers are filled in the gaps of the cement to form compact concrete, and the penetration of chlorine salt is avoided, so that the chlorine resistance and the strength of the concrete are improved. Artificial fibers (such as carbon fibers, steel fibers, glass fibers, and the like) have the characteristics of high specific strength and small specific volume, and are widely added to concrete to form fiber-based concrete. However, the artificial fiber has the disadvantages of high cost, complex process, non-degradability and the like, and is added into the cement-based cementing material to form green fiber-based concrete by adopting a mode of completely or partially replacing the artificial fiber with plant fiber.
The patent publication No. CN201911194965.8 discloses an anti-crack cement mixture, which comprises 46-78 parts of cement, 20-32 parts of sand, 18-26 parts of oil shale ash, 5-8 parts of mineral powder, 3-7 parts of anhydrite, 0.6-3.2 parts of fiber and 0.5-1.2 parts of an additive. The additives in the above patents include defoaming agent, stabilizer, dispersant and slow release agent, and through the interaction of the additives, cement, fiber, filler and other components, the dispersion and connection firmness of the fiber in cement-based concrete are improved, thereby enhancing the compactness and strength of the concrete.
However, cement-based concrete is a strongly alkaline material, and cement generates Ca (OH) during hydration2So that the concrete contains a large amount of hydroxide ions, the pH value of the concrete can reach 12-14, and the breaking strength of the plant fibers in a strong alkali environmentThe softness is reduced, the softness is increased, and further, the bonding force between the fibers and the cement-based concrete is low, so that the durability of the concrete is influenced, the compactness of the concrete is reduced, and the chlorine resistance, the crack resistance and the bearing capacity are poor.
Disclosure of Invention
Through a large amount of researches, the filled plant fiber has the excellent characteristics of good alkali resistance, good pressure resistance and high breaking strength, and the filled plant fiber is adopted to replace the traditional plant fiber, so that the bonding force between the filled plant fiber and the cement-based cementing material can be improved, and the compactness, the stability and the durability of concrete are further improved.
Therefore, a first object of the present invention is to provide a filled plant fiber, which uses a hollow tubular plant fiber as a tube and an alkali-resistant filler as a core material.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method of the filled plant fiber, which comprises the following steps of soaking the plant fiber in alkali-resistant filler dispersion liquid, taking out, cooling, drying and cutting to obtain the filled plant fiber.
The third purpose of the invention is to provide high-strength plastic wave-absorbing concrete, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 20 to 50 parts of filling type plant fiber, 200 to 300 parts of cement, 100 to 150 parts of fly ash, 20 to 50 parts of expanding agent, 700 to 800 parts of sand, 950 to 1100 parts of crushed stone, 5.8 to 6.8 parts of water reducing agent, 0.35 to 0.70 part of air entraining agent and 120 to 180 parts of water.
The filling type plant fiber is selected to be used as the reinforcing agent to enhance the strength of the concrete, so that the compression resistance, durability and stability of the concrete can be improved, the impermeability of the concrete is further improved, and the corrosion of chlorine salt is delayed.
(1) Compared with the conventional plant fiber, the filling plant fiber selected by the application takes the hollow tubular plant fiber as a pipe and takes the alkali-resistant filler as a core material. Plant fiber is mostly hollow tubular fiber, is the transfer passage who is used for carrying moisture and nourishment, and plant fiber's fibre inner chamber can avoid cement mortar to get into the fibre inner chamber owing to fill there is alkali-resistant filler. Because the cement mortar carries a large amount of hydroxide ions generated in the cement hydration process, the damage of cellulose caused by the hydroxide ions can be avoided by filling the inner cavity of the plant fiber, so that the reduction of the breaking strength of the plant fiber is avoided, and the improvement of the strength, the pressure resistance, the durability, the impermeability and other performances of the concrete after the plant fiber is added into the concrete is ensured;
(2) the alkali-resistant filler is filled in the inner cavity of the plant fiber as the filler, so that hydroxide ions can be prevented from acting on the filler, the influence on the performance of the filler can be avoided, the bonding force between the filler and the plant fiber is ensured, the breaking strength of the fiber can be effectively maintained, and the fiber can be continuously and stably used as a reinforcing agent to reinforce the strength of the cement;
(3) in addition, the alkali-resistant filler is filled in the inner cavity of the plant fiber, so that the breaking strength of the filled plant fiber is enhanced, the flexibility of the plant fiber is reduced, the bonding force between the filled plant fiber and the cement-based cementing material is enhanced, the dispersibility of the filled plant fiber in concrete is increased, the pores in the concrete are filled, the compactness, the stability and the durability of the concrete are enhanced, and the chlorine resistance and the crack resistance are further improved.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the plant fiber containing the alkali-resistant filler can enhance the alkali resistance and the pressure resistance of the plant fiber, improve the breaking strength, improve the bonding force between the filled plant fiber and the cement-based cementing material and the dispersibility in concrete, further improve the compactness, the stability and the durability of the concrete, and achieve the purposes of impermeability and crack resistance.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
The invention provides a filling type plant fiber, which is characterized in that a hollow tubular plant fiber is taken as a pipe and an alkali-resistant filler is taken as a core material.
In the present invention, the outer wall of the hollow tubular plant fiber is coated with an alkali-resistant filler, and the alkali-resistant filler can be coated on the outer wall of the hollow tubular plant fiber through a conventional coating process to further improve the alkali resistance of the plant fiber. And cooling, drying and cutting after coating. Because the alkali-resistant filler can avoid the invasion of hydroxide ions, when the alkali-resistant filler is a cementing material or a polymer emulsion, the alkali resistance of the filled plant fiber can be further improved, meanwhile, the bonding of the filled plant fiber and cement can be enhanced, and the compactness of concrete is further improved.
In the present invention, the alkali-resistant filler comprises a cementitious material and/or a polymer emulsion having pozzolanic properties. The gelled material and the polymer emulsion not only fill the plant fibers, but also can be tightly combined with the plant fibers. The prepared filling type plant fiber is used as one of the components, and can be better combined with cement, so that the strength of concrete is further improved.
Specifically, the cementing material is a cementing material containing active silicon dioxide and active titanium dioxide and having volcanic ash characteristics, such as fly ash, silica fume, bentonite and the like. The polymer emulsion is polyvinyl acetate, styrene-acrylic emulsion or polyacrylate. Resin can be added on the basis of adding the gelled material and the polymer emulsion, and the resin can be epoxy resin, furan resin, unsaturated polyester and the like. The resin can be used together with the cementing material and the polymer emulsion to enhance the tensile strength and the breaking strength of the filled fiber. In addition, alkaline cementing materials such as cement can be added, but the cement is a high-alkaline material and is easy to damage fibers, so that the alkalinity of the cement can be reduced by compounding the cement with other polymer emulsions and the like for filling the inner cavity of the cellulose, or plant fibers can be modified to enhance the alkali resistance of the fibers and then be filled with the cement.
In the present invention, the plant fiber is selected from hemp fiber, palm fiber, coconut fiber or bamboo fiber. The fibrilia, the palm fiber, the coconut fiber and the bamboo fiber are degradable green plant fibers and have the characteristics of low cost, easy acquisition and high fiber strength.
In the present invention, the hemp fibers are selected from ramie fibers, sisal fibers or flax fibers. Among them, sisal fiber is preferably selected because sisal fiber has the advantages of thicker diameter, tough texture, strong tensile force, wear resistance, acid and alkali resistance, corrosion resistance and the like compared with other fibers. In addition, the surface of the sisal fibers is rough and has a plurality of vertical stripes, so that the contact area between the fibers and the cement paste is increased, and the bonding between the fibers and the cement-based cementing material is facilitated.
In the invention, the plant fiber is degummed cellulose, the plant fiber adopted at present also contains undeleted colloid, and the high alkali liquor remained in the cement-based gelling material is easy to erode the colloid in the plant fiber, so that the cellulose and lignin in the fiber are dissolved out, the connectivity between the fibers is weakened, the strength of concrete is reduced, and meanwhile, the bonding force between the alkali-resistant filler and the fiber is reduced, so that the alkali resistance is reduced, and therefore, the secondary degumming needs to be carried out on the undeleted colloid.
Specifically, the plant fiber is placed in an N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide water bath for heating, the water bath temperature is 60-80 ℃, the water bath ratio is 1: 12-20, the water bath time is 45-60 min, and after water bath, the plant fiber is washed by hot water, washed by cold water and dried to obtain the secondary degumming plant fiber. The N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide is a green recyclable solvent, can remove residual glue adsorbed on the surface of cellulose, further improves the strength of plant fiber, avoids corrosion of alkali liquor, and improves the compactness of the prepared concrete.
The invention provides a preparation method of filled plant fiber, which comprises the following steps of soaking plant fiber in alkali-resistant filler dispersion liquid, taking out, cooling, drying and cutting to obtain the filled plant fiber. And (3) pouring the alkali-resistant filler solution into the inner cavity of the plant fiber, and accelerating the bonding force of the alkali-resistant filler and the inner cavity of the plant fiber under the cooling and drying procedures. Because the plant fiber is long-section fiber, the fiber is cut into short fiber, which is beneficial to improving the bonding force of the filling fiber and the cement-based cementing material and improving the strength of concrete. It should be noted that, experimental verification shows that: in the process of soaking the plant fiber in the alkali-resistant filler dispersion liquid, the alkali-resistant filler can be quickly filled in the plant fiber due to the capillary phenomenon in the fiber, and the alkali-resistant filler remained on the surface of the plant fiber is only a small amount, so in order to enhance the protective effect of the alkali-resistant filler on the plant fiber, the alkali-resistant fiber may be further coated on the surface of the fiber according to actual conditions, so as to further improve the alkali resistance, the breaking strength and the adhesion with concrete of the filled plant fiber in concrete.
Specifically, after the plant fibers are placed into an alkali-resistant filler dispersion liquid with the mass fraction of 40% -70% for soaking treatment, the material-liquid ratio is 1: 5-7, the soaking time is 30 min-90 min, the soaking temperature is 25 ℃ -50 ℃, after natural cooling at normal temperature, the plant fibers are placed into a hot air drying oven for drying, and then the plant fibers are cut into chopped fibers with the diameter of 8 mm-12 mm.
The invention provides high-strength plastic wave-absorbing concrete which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20 to 50 parts of filling type plant fiber, 200 to 300 parts of cement, 100 to 150 parts of fly ash, 20 to 50 parts of expanding agent, 700 to 800 parts of sand, 950 to 1100 parts of crushed stone, 5.8 to 6.8 parts of water reducing agent, 0.35 to 0.70 part of air entraining agent and 120 to 180 parts of water. In the present invention, in addition to enhancing the alkali resistance of the plant fiber, it is also possible to increase by reducing the alkali in the cement-based cementitious material. By adding silica fume, the alkalinity of the cement-based cementing material can be reduced, Ca/Si in cement hydrate can be reduced, and the hydrate can be combined with other ions, so that the ion invasion resistance and alkali-aggregate reaction inhibition capability of the cement stone are improved. The adding proportion of the silica fume is 50 to 100 portions.
In the invention, because the rock salt layer contains alpha, beta and gamma rays or neutron flow, in order to avoid the rays from damaging human bodies, the heavy aggregate is added into the cement-based concrete, so that the neutron flow and the rays can be prevented from being absorbed. The heavy aggregate comprises barite and/or magnetite ore.
In the invention, the expanding agent is calcium sulphoaluminate type concrete expanding agent, and sodium salt is not contained in the expanding agent, so that alkali-aggregate reaction of the concrete can not be caused.
In the invention, the sand is the sand in the zone II, and the granularity of the sand ranges from 0.15mm to 4.75 mm.
In the invention, the granularity of the crushed stone is 5 mm-31.5 mm, and a continuous grading mode is adopted, specifically, 20% is doped in 5 mm-10 mm, 50% is doped in 10 mm-20 mm, and 30% is doped in 16 mm-31.5 mm.
In the invention, the water reducing agent is TY-J25 polycarboxylic acid high-performance water reducing agent.
In the invention, the air-entraining agent is TY-YQ air-entraining agent.
In the present invention, the cement is low heat cement. The hydraulic cementing material with low hydration heat, called low heat cement for short, also called high belite cement, with P.LH code is made up by adding proper quantity of gypsum into proper quantity of silicate cement clinker and grinding. The low-heat portland cement is a cement with dicalcium silicate as a leading mineral and tricalcium aluminate with low content. The cement produced by the method has the characteristics of low energy consumption and less harmful gas emission. A large number of researches and experiments prove that the cement has the advantages of good workability, low hydration heat, high later strength, high durability, high erosion resistance and the like which are not comparable to the common portland cement. When the concrete is poured, the generation of concrete cracks can be reduced due to low hydration heat.
Example 1
A filling type plant fiber is prepared from hollow tubular plant fiber as wall material and alkali-resistant filler as core material. The hollow tubular plant fiber can be selected from sisal fiber A, ramie fiber B, bamboo fiber C, palm fiber D, and coconut fiber E; the alkali-resistant filler can be selected from styrene-acrylic emulsion a, bentonite b, silica fume c, polyvinyl acetate d, styrene-acrylic emulsion e, epoxy resin f and fly ash f; g, silica fume; the preparation method comprises soaking plant fiber in 50 wt% alkali-resistant filler dispersion at a material-to-liquid ratio of 1:6 for 50min at 30 deg.C, naturally cooling at room temperature, drying in hot air drying oven, and cutting into 10mm chopped fiber.
Example 2
The high-strength plastic wave-absorbing concrete comprises the following components in parts by weight: 35 parts of the filled plant fiber prepared in example 1, 275 parts of low-heat cement, 135 parts of fly ash, 25 parts of calcium sulphoaluminate type expanding agent, 750 parts of sand, 1000 parts of crushed stone, 6.0 parts of polycarboxylic acid type water reducing agent, 0.55 part of TY-YQ air entraining agent and 150 parts of water. The hollow tubular plant fiber is sisal fiber A, and the alkali-resistant filler is styrene-acrylic emulsion a.
Example 3
This example is different from example 2 in that the addition ratio of the filled plant fiber is 20 parts.
Example 4
This example is different from example 2 in that the addition ratio of the filled plant fiber is 40 parts.
Example 5
This example is different from example 2 in that the filling type plant fiber is added in a ratio of 50 parts.
Example 6
The difference between the embodiment and the embodiment 2 is that the hollow tubular plant fiber is C: bamboo fiber.
Example 7
The difference between this example and example 2 is that the hollow tubular plant fiber is E: coconut shell fiber.
Example 8
This example differs from example 2 in that bentonite is used as the alkali-resistant filler.
Example 9
The difference between the embodiment and the embodiment 2 is that the alkali-resistant filler is selected from styrene-acrylic emulsion and epoxy resin, and 1 part of the alkali-resistant filler is composed of 0.6 part of styrene-acrylic emulsion and 0.4 part of epoxy resin. In other embodiments, the ratio of the styrene-acrylic emulsion to the epoxy resin is 0.5-0.8: 0.2-0.5.
Example 10
This example is different from example 2 in that 80 parts of silica fume is further included.
Example 11
The difference between the embodiment and the embodiment 2 is that the sisal fibers are subjected to secondary degumming treatment, and the degumming process comprises the steps of placing the plant fibers in N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide for heating in a water bath, wherein the water bath temperature is 70 ℃, the water bath ratio is 1:15, and the water bath time is 50min, washing with hot water, washing with cold water, and drying after water bath to obtain the secondary degummed sisal fibers.
Example 12
The difference between the present example and example 2 is that the hollow tubular plant fiber is D: palm fiber.
Example 13
The difference between the embodiment and the embodiment 2 is that f, fly ash is selected as the alkali-resistant filler.
Example 14
The difference between this example and example 2 is that the alkali-resistant filler is silica fume.
Example 15
The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 2 is that the alkali-resistant filler can also be polyvinyl acetate, or a mixture of polyvinyl acetate and fly ash, or a mixture of cement and polymer emulsion
Example 16
This example is different from example 2 in that 50 parts of silica fume is further included.
Example 17
The present embodiment is different from embodiment 2 in that 100 parts of silica fume is further included.
Example 18
The difference between the embodiment and the embodiment 2 is that the sisal fibers are subjected to secondary degumming treatment, and the degumming process comprises the steps of placing the plant fibers in an N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide water bath for heating, wherein the water bath temperature is 60 ℃, the water bath ratio is 1:20, the water bath time is 60min, and after water bath, washing with hot water, washing with cold water, and drying to obtain the secondary degummed sisal fibers.
Example 19
The difference between the embodiment and the embodiment 2 is that the sisal fibers are subjected to secondary degumming treatment, and the degumming process comprises the steps of placing the plant fibers in an N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide water bath for heating, wherein the water bath temperature is 80 ℃, the water bath ratio is 1:12, the water bath time is 45min, and after water bath, washing with hot water, washing with cold water, and drying to obtain the secondary degummed sisal fibers.
Example 20
The difference between the embodiment and the embodiment 1 is that the preparation method is different, plant fibers are put into an alkali-resistant filler dispersion liquid with the mass fraction of 40% for soaking treatment, the material-liquid ratio is 1:5, the soaking time is 60min, the soaking temperature is 25 ℃, after natural cooling at normal temperature, the plant fibers are put into a hot air drying oven for drying, and then the plant fibers are cut into chopped fibers with the length of 8 mm.
Example 21
The difference between the embodiment and the embodiment 1 is that the preparation method is different, plant fibers are put into an alkali-resistant filler dispersion liquid with the mass fraction of 40% for soaking treatment, the material-liquid ratio is 1:5, the soaking time is 60min, the soaking temperature is 25 ℃, after natural cooling at normal temperature, the plant fibers are put into a hot air drying oven for drying, and then the plant fibers are cut into chopped fibers with the length of 8 mm.
Example 22
The difference between the embodiment and the embodiment 1 is that the preparation method is different, plant fibers are put into an alkali-resistant filler dispersion liquid with the mass fraction of 70% for soaking treatment, the material-liquid ratio is 1:7, the soaking time is 30min, the soaking temperature is 50 ℃, after natural cooling at normal temperature, the plant fibers are put into a hot air drying oven for drying, and then the plant fibers are cut into 12mm chopped fibers.
Example 23
The difference between the embodiment and the embodiment 1 is that the preparation method is different, plant fibers are put into 60 mass percent alkali-resistant filler dispersion liquid for soaking treatment, the material-liquid ratio is 1:5, the soaking time is 90min, the soaking temperature is 40 ℃, after natural cooling at normal temperature, the plant fibers are put into a hot air drying oven for drying, and then the plant fibers are cut into 8mm chopped fibers.
Example 24
The high-strength plastic wave-absorbing concrete comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of the filled plant fiber prepared in example 20, 300 parts of low-heat cement, 100 parts of fly ash, 50 parts of calcium sulphoaluminate type expanding agent, 800 parts of sand, 950 parts of crushed stone, 5.8 parts of polycarboxylic acid type water reducing agent, 0.70 part of TY-YQ air entraining agent and 180 parts of water.
Example 25
The high-strength plastic wave-absorbing concrete comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50 parts of the filled plant fiber prepared in example 21, 200 parts of low-heat cement, 150 parts of fly ash, 20 parts of calcium sulphoaluminate type expanding agent, 700 parts of sand, 1100 parts of crushed stone, 6.8 parts of polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent, 0.35 part of TY-YQ air entraining agent and 120 parts of water;
example 26
The high-strength plastic wave-absorbing concrete comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40 parts of the filled plant fiber prepared in example 22, 280 parts of low-heat cement, 140 parts of fly ash, 30 parts of calcium sulphoaluminate type expanding agent, 740 parts of sand, 1080 parts of crushed stone, 6.2 parts of polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent, 0.50 part of TY-YQ air entraining agent and 160 parts of water;
example 27
The high-strength plastic wave-absorbing concrete comprises the following components in parts by weight: 25 parts of the filled plant fiber obtained in example 23, 250 parts of low-heat cement, 120 parts of fly ash, 40 parts of calcium sulfoaluminate type expanding agent, 750 parts of sand, 1050 parts of crushed stone, 6.0 parts of polycarboxylic acid type water reducing agent, 0.60 part of TY-YQ air entraining agent and 130 parts of water.
Example 28
This example is different from example 1 in that the exterior of the packed plant fiber is coated with an alkali-resistant material such as bentonite, silica fume, polymer emulsion, etc.
Example 29
The difference between the embodiment and the embodiment 2 is that the embodiment further comprises 30 parts, 40 parts, 50 parts, 60 parts, 70 parts or 80 parts of heavy aggregate, the heavy aggregate can be barite, magnetite ore or a combination of the barite and the magnetite ore, and the ratio of the barite to the magnetite ore is 1: 1-3.
Blank group 1
The high-strength plastic wave-absorbing concrete comprises the following components in parts by weight: 310 parts of low-heat cement, 135 parts of fly ash, 25 parts of calcium sulphoaluminate type expanding agent, 750 parts of sand, 1000 parts of crushed stone, 6.0 parts of polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent, 0.55 part of TY-YQ air entraining agent and 150 parts of water.
Blank group 2
The high-strength plastic wave-absorbing concrete comprises the following components in parts by weight: 35 parts of sisal fiber, 275 parts of low-heat cement, 135 parts of fly ash, 25 parts of calcium sulphoaluminate type expanding agent, 750 parts of sand, 1000 parts of crushed stone, 6.0 parts of polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent, 0.55 part of TY-YQ air entraining agent and 150 parts of water.
The experimental method comprises the following steps:
GB/T-50080-2016 standard for testing the performance of common concrete mixture, GB/T-50081-2019 standard for testing the physical and mechanical properties of concrete, GB/T-50082-2009 standard for testing the long-term performance and the durability of common concrete and TB/T3275-2018 standard for testing the construction quality of railway concrete engineering are adopted to measure the strength, the electric flux and the diffusion coefficient of chloride ions of concrete.
The results of the experiments are shown in the following table:
Figure RE-GDA0002580603210000131
from the experimental results of the above table, it can be seen that:
(1) compared with the test samples of the blank group, the experimental data of the embodiment group have different degrees of improvement on various technical indexes of the concrete, which shows that compared with the common plant, the filling type plant fiber can optimize the performance of the concrete, improve the hardness and the compactness of the concrete and further improve the chlorine resistance; compared with the blank group 1, the blank group 2 has the advantages that although the concrete added with the plant fiber can improve various indexes of the concrete, the effect of the concrete is inferior to that of the filling type plant fiber-based concrete.
(2) From examples 2 to 5, it is known that different addition ratios of the filling type plant fibers have different effects on various indexes of the concrete, wherein the addition ratio of example 2 is the best index of the obtained concrete. If the addition amount is too low, the distribution amount of the filled plant fibers in the concrete is small, the bonding force between the filled plant fibers and the concrete is low, and the hardness and the impermeability of the concrete are low; if the adding proportion is too high, the filling type fibers are difficult to disperse in the cement-based concrete and are easy to agglomerate and gather, so that the distribution is uneven, and the cavities in the concrete are difficult to fill by the filling type fibers, so that the concrete has low compactness, low impermeability and low strength.
(3) Compared with the example 2, the concrete is affected by different plant fibers, alkali-resistant fillers, the alkalinity of the cement-based cementing material is reduced, and the plant fibers are subjected to secondary degumming treatment to different degrees in the examples 6 to 11.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The filled plant fiber is characterized in that hollow tubular plant fiber is used as a pipe and alkali-resistant filler is used as a core material.
2. The filled plant fiber according to claim 1, wherein the outer wall of the hollow tubular plant fiber is coated with an alkali-resistant filler.
3. Filled plant fiber according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the alkali-resistant filler comprises a gelling material and/or a polymer emulsion having pozzolanic properties.
4. The filled plant fiber according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the plant fiber is selected from hemp fiber, palm fiber, coconut fiber or bamboo fiber.
5. The filled plant fiber according to claim 4, wherein the hemp fiber is selected from ramie fiber, sisal fiber or flax fiber.
6. The filled plant fiber according to claim 4, wherein the plant fiber is subjected to secondary degumming treatment by placing the plant fiber in an N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide water bath for heating, wherein the water bath temperature is 60-80 ℃, the water bath ratio is 1: 12-20, the water bath time is 45-60 min, and the plant fiber subjected to secondary degumming is washed by hot water, washed by cold water and dried after water bath to obtain the secondary degumming plant fiber.
7. A preparation method of filled plant fiber is characterized by comprising the following steps of soaking plant fiber in alkali-resistant filler dispersion liquid, taking out, cooling, drying and cutting to obtain the filled plant fiber.
8. The high-strength plastic wave-absorbing concrete is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 20 to 50 parts of filling type plant fiber, 200 to 300 parts of cement, 100 to 150 parts of fly ash, 20 to 50 parts of expanding agent, 700 to 800 parts of sand, 950 to 1100 parts of crushed stone, 5.8 to 6.8 parts of water reducing agent, 0.35 to 0.70 part of air entraining agent and 120 to 180 parts of water.
9. The high-strength plastic wave-absorbing concrete according to claim 8, further comprising 50-100 parts of silica fume.
10. The high-strength plastic wave-absorbing concrete according to claim 8 or 9, further comprising 30-80 parts of natural heavy aggregate, wherein the natural heavy aggregate comprises barite and/or magnetite.
CN202010430556.XA 2020-05-20 2020-05-20 Filling type plant fiber, preparation method and high-strength plastic wave-absorbing concrete Pending CN111606616A (en)

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