CN111606529A

CN111606529A - Water conservancy ecological dredging and dirt removing and dewatering treatment method

Info

Publication number: CN111606529A
Application number: CN202010496574.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 吕文娟; 宋文武; 史广泰; 符杰; 石建伟; 黄宗柳; 文海罡; 侯雨辰
Original assignee: Xihua University
Current assignee: Xihua University
Priority date: 2020-06-03
Filing date: 2020-06-03
Publication date: 2020-09-01

Abstract

The invention discloses a water conservancy ecological dredging and decontamination dewatering treatment method, which is characterized in that a garbage filter device is arranged on a dredger, so that large garbage which is sucked by a sludge pumping device and is difficult to degrade by microorganisms such as glass bottles, broken ceramics and the like can be separated, the large garbage is sent to a garbage recovery device, and then the large garbage is classified and sent to a garbage recovery plant for recovery. Not only is convenient for subsequent processing of the sludge, but also reduces the garbage pollutants for the river channel. Meanwhile, the sediment chamber is arranged on the dredger, preliminary dehydration can be performed on the sludge, the workload of sludge conveying is reduced, and the conveying cost is also reduced. The primarily dewatered sludge is discharged into the sludge storage pool and then stands for 8-12h, which is equivalent to the time of one night, the dewatered sludge can be conveyed to a processing factory for processing in the next day, the weight of the sludge is reduced through twice dewatering, and the transportation cost and the processing cost of sludge recycling are reduced.

Description

Water conservancy ecological dredging and dirt removing and dewatering treatment method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of river channel dredging, and particularly relates to a water conservancy ecological dredging and dirt removing and dewatering treatment method.

Background

Due to the development of the modernization process of the human society, the amount of sewage discharged in life is increased, and more garbage and sludge are deposited at the bottom of a river channel. The accumulation of sludge easily causes the black and odorous river water and causes serious pollution to the river water and the surrounding environment; and meanwhile, the river channel can be raised, and the influence on the water conservancy water potential of the river is caused.

The traditional sludge treatment mode comprises the steps of draining and dredging, namely, stopping water flow at the upstream of a river, then draining a riverbed, and then excavating and treating sludge on the bank by using an excavator and the like, but the traditional sludge treatment mode has huge manpower and material resource consumption and is difficult to clean the sludge in the middle, so that the traditional sludge treatment mode is only suitable for small canals. The existing method for cleaning the sludge in the large river channel generally utilizes a dredger to operate on the water surface, and then simultaneously utilizes a dredger to collect the sludge at the bottom of the river channel. However, the existing dredger does not have a sludge treatment function, the collected sludge contains more water and garbage, and the cost of transportation is high if the sludge is transported to a treatment plant for treatment. At present, collected sludge is generally directly flushed into a flushing and filling pool, but the flushed and filled land can not be cultivated within 3-5 years and can not be used as a construction land, so that the collected sludge is undoubtedly hard to bear for cities with small and precious soil and causes certain pollution to the environment. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a dredging method which is inexpensive and environmentally friendly.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a water conservancy ecological dredging and dirt removing and dehydrating treatment method.

In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a water conservancy ecological dredging and decontamination dehydration treatment method comprises a dredger, wherein the dredger is sequentially provided with a sludge pumping device, a garbage filtering device and a sedimentation cavity from the bow to the stern, and further comprises the following steps:

s1: the sludge pumping device collects sludge at the bottom of the river channel;

s2: the garbage filtering device filters the collected sludge, large-particle garbage is delivered into the garbage recycling device, and small-particle sludge and water flow into the settling cavity;

s3: the sludge and the water are layered in the sedimentation cavity, the upper-layer liquid is directly discharged into a river channel, and the lower-layer sludge is conveyed into a sludge storage tank on the bank through a pipeline pump;

s4: standing the sludge in the sludge storage tank for 8-12h, pumping and discharging upper-layer liquid in the sludge storage tank into a river channel, and transporting lower-layer sludge to a sludge recycling station for secondary utilization;

s5: after the sludge is cleaned, a microbial agent is implanted into the bottom of the river channel, and harmful pollutants in the water body are reduced through the microbial agent.

Preferably, after the step of S4, the method further comprises the steps of performing grade detection on the sludge in the sludge recycling station, and using the sludge meeting the standard grade for farmland or greening land, and using the sludge not meeting the standard grade for firing bricks; the grade detection comprises the detection of the types and the contents of microorganisms, the detection of toxic elements and the detection of plant nutrient components.

Preferably, the one end that draws mud device to be close to the river course bottom is provided with the inductor, the inductor is used for discerning silt, water and hard riverbed.

Preferably, rubbish filter equipment includes conveyer belt and first filter screen, first filter screen is fixed on the conveyer belt, the setting of sedimentation chamber is in the below of first filter screen, take out the silt that mud device gathered and directly discharge on first filter screen, large granule rubbish transports to rubbish recovery unit along with first filter screen in, and granule silt and sewage pass first filter screen and flow to the sedimentation intracavity.

Preferably, the sedimentation chamber includes first cavity and second cavity, the bottom of first cavity be provided with the water inlet of second cavity intercommunication, first cavity sets up the below of first filter screen to receive tiny particle silt and sewage, carry out preliminary layering to silt and sewage, and discharge lower floor's silt to in the second cavity.

Preferably, a second filter screen is arranged in the first cavity, sludge filtered by the second filter screen flows to the water inlet and then flows into the second cavity, and the aperture of the second filter screen is smaller than or equal to that of the first filter screen.

Preferably, a third filter screen is horizontally arranged in the second cavity, the aperture of the third filter screen is smaller than the diameter of sludge particles, the horizontal height of the third filter screen is lower than the liquid level height of the first cavity, a water outlet is arranged in the second cavity at a position higher than the third filter screen, the water outlet is used for discharging water from the second cavity, and a pipeline pump is arranged at the bottom of the second cavity and used for conveying sludge into the sludge storage pool.

Preferably, a hydraulic sensor is arranged on the third filter screen, and when the hydraulic sensor detects that the hydraulic pressure in the second cavity exceeds a set value, the pipeline pump works to further pump away sludge in the second cavity.

Preferably, the bottom level of the first cavity is higher than the bottom level of the second cavity.

Preferably, the periphery and the bottom of the sludge storage pool are provided with filter layers, and the filter layers are used for filtering and soaking and absorbing water in the sludge storage pool.

Preferably, keep away from on the dredge the one side of taking out the mud device still is provided with microorganism input device, microorganism input device implants the bottom in river course with the microbial inoculum.

The invention has the following beneficial effects: through set up rubbish filter equipment on the dredge boat, can separate the glass bottle that the dredge device suction arrived, the difficult large-scale rubbish that degrades of microorganism such as broken pottery to send these large-scale rubbish to among the rubbish recovery unit, then the classification is sent to rubbish recovery plant and is retrieved. Not only is convenient for subsequent processing of the sludge, but also reduces the garbage pollutants for the river channel. Meanwhile, the sediment chamber is arranged on the dredger, preliminary dehydration can be performed on the sludge, the workload of sludge conveying is reduced, and the conveying cost is also reduced. The primarily dewatered sludge is discharged into the sludge storage pool and then stands for 8-12h, which is equivalent to the time of one night, the dewatered sludge can be conveyed to a processing factory for processing in the next day, the weight of the sludge is reduced through twice dewatering, and the transportation cost and the processing cost of sludge recycling are reduced.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a diagram of the method steps of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the dredge vessel of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a portion A of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a side view of the present invention;

fig. 6 is an enlarged view of a portion B of the present invention.

Description of the main element symbols: 1. a mud pumping device; 2. a garbage filtering device; 3. a sedimentation chamber; 4. a garbage recycling device; 5. a microorganism delivery device; 6. a pipeline pump; 11. an inductor; 21. a first filter screen; 22. a conveyor belt; 31. a first cavity; 32. a second cavity; 41. a dustbin; 42. a conveyor belt; 311. a second filter screen; 321. and a third filter screen.

Detailed Description

Referring to fig. 1 to 6, a water conservancy ecological dredging and decontamination dewatering treatment method comprises a dredger, wherein the dredger is provided with a sludge pumping device 1, a garbage filtering device 2 and a settling cavity 3 from the bow to the stern, and the method further comprises the following steps: s1: the sludge pumping device 1 collects sludge at the bottom of a river channel; s2: the garbage filtering device 2 filters the collected sludge, large-particle garbage is delivered to the garbage recycling device 4, and small-particle sludge and water flow into the settling chamber 3; s3: the sludge and the water are layered in the sedimentation cavity 3, the upper-layer liquid is directly discharged into a river channel, and the lower-layer sludge is conveyed into a sludge storage pool on the bank through a pipeline pump 6; s4: standing the sludge in the sludge storage tank for 8-12h, pumping and discharging upper-layer liquid in the sludge storage tank into a river channel, and transporting lower-layer sludge to a sludge recycling station for secondary utilization; s5: after the sludge is cleaned, a microbial agent is implanted into the bottom of the river channel, and harmful pollutants in the water body are reduced through the microbial agent.

Through set up rubbish filter equipment 2 on the dredge boat, can separate the glass bottle that the mud pumping device 1 suction arrived, the difficult large-scale rubbish that degrades of microorganism such as broken pottery to in sending these large-scale rubbish to rubbish recovery unit 4, then the classification is sent to rubbish recovery plant and is retrieved. Not only is convenient for subsequent processing of the sludge, but also reduces the garbage pollutants for the river channel. Meanwhile, the sediment chamber 3 is arranged on the dredger and can be used for primarily dewatering the sludge, so that the workload of sludge conveying is reduced, and the conveying cost is also reduced. The primarily dewatered sludge is discharged into the sludge storage pool and then stands for 8-12h, which is equivalent to the time of one night, the dewatered sludge can be conveyed to a processing factory for processing in the next day, the weight of the sludge is reduced through twice dewatering, and the transportation cost and the processing cost of sludge recycling are reduced.

The embodiment further comprises, after the step of S4, performing grade detection on the sludge in the sludge recycling station, and using the sludge meeting the standard grade for farmland or greening land, and using the sludge not meeting the standard grade for firing bricks; the grade detection comprises the detection of the types and the contents of microorganisms, the detection of toxic elements and the detection of plant nutrient components. The sludge treatment problem in the prior art always puzzles the staff of river channel dredging. Firstly, the sludge is not subjected to dehydration processing and garbage filtration, has poor quality and high transportation cost. Secondly, many sludge may contain lethal microorganisms, such as escherichia coli; it may also contain an excess of heavy metals such as mercury, lead, etc. These poor quality sludges can affect the viability of the primary land and are harmful to plants, and plants grown on such land can be a significant hazard if used as human food. Because the grades of the sludge of different river channels are possibly different, the harmful components are detected in the embodiment, and only the harmful components with the detection grades meeting the national standard are put into green and cultivated land, so that the treatment cost is low and the environment is protected. For sludge with detection grade not meeting the national standard, the sludge can be conveyed to a brickyard after being dehydrated to prepare finished bricks which are used for building houses, so that the building cost can be reduced, and the sludge is more environment-friendly.

The one end that the mud pumping device 1 of this embodiment is close to the river course bottom is provided with inductor 11, and inductor 11 is used for discerning silt, water and hard riverbed. The mud pumping device 1 has various types, including a trailing suction type, a hinge suction type, a chain bucket type, a grab bucket type and a shovel bucket type, and no matter which structure needs to avoid touching a hard river bed, the device is easy to damage, and the ship body can be seriously unbalanced. Therefore, it is necessary to provide an inductor 11 at the end of the mud pumping device 1 that is exposed into the river, and the type of the inductor 11 is generally a hydraulic sensor, a pressure sensor, a visual sensor, etc. The sludge is higher in pressure because the density of the sludge is higher than that of the clear water, and as the depth increases, if the indication number of the hydraulic sensor has an increasing inflection point, the situation that one end of the sludge pumping device 1 is inserted into the sludge is shown, and the sludge pumping can be started. Since the riverway bed cannot be flat, the riverway bed is likely to touch a hard riverbed in the process of pumping sludge, the pressure sensor can detect that the sludge pumping device 1 collides with the riverbed, and the position can be changed to continue pumping at the moment so as to avoid damaging the sludge pumping device 1. The fuzzy capture can be carried out through a visual sensor in some clear riverways.

The rubbish filter equipment 2 of this embodiment includes conveyer belt 22 and first filter screen 21, and first filter screen 21 is fixed on conveyer belt 22, and sedimentation chamber 3 sets up in the below of first filter screen 21, draws the silt that mud device 1 gathered and directly discharges on first filter screen 21, draws the mud outlet of mud device 1 to be located the top of first filter screen 21 promptly. The large-particle garbage is conveyed to the garbage collection device 4 along with the first filter screen 21, and the small-particle sludge and the sewage flow into the sedimentation chamber 3 through the first filter screen 21. The width of the first filter screen 21 is not less than the width of the settling chamber 3, and the garbage recycling device 4 comprises a conveyor belt 42 arranged at the end of the first filter screen 21, wherein the conveyor belt 42 conveys the garbage into the garbage can 41 and cleans the garbage regularly. The conveyor belt 42 may be disposed above the second chamber 32 and may be provided with filter holes, but the size of the filter holes needs to be small to prevent sludge from flowing into the upper liquid layer of the second chamber 32. Can be with remaining liquid among the rubbish leading-in to the second cavity 32, reduce the convenient transportation of quality of rubbish. The conveyor belt 22 moves the first filter screen 21, and during the movement, the small-particle sludge and the sewage flow into the lower sedimentation chamber 3 for further treatment. The garbage and the sludge can be separated, the classification effect is achieved, and the subsequent processing of the sludge is facilitated.

The settling chamber 3 of the present embodiment includes a first chamber 31 and a second chamber 32, the bottom of the first chamber 31 is provided with a water inlet communicated with the second chamber 32, the first chamber 31 is disposed below the first filter 21, and receives the small-particle sludge and the sewage, preliminarily stratifies the sludge and the sewage, and discharges the lower-layer sludge into the second chamber 32. The small-particle sludge and the sewage flow into the first cavity 31 under the action of gravity, the first cavity 31 also has a certain sedimentation effect, and the sludge and the sewage with high sediment content below can preferentially pass through the water inlet to the second cavity 32. The water inlet may be provided in plurality so that the sludge and the sewage of the first chamber 31 are accelerated to flow into the second chamber 32.

The second filter screen 311 is disposed in the first cavity 31 of this embodiment, sludge filtered by the second filter screen 311 flows to the water inlet and then flows into the second cavity 32, and the aperture of the second filter screen 311 is smaller than or equal to the aperture of the first filter screen 21. Preferably, the aperture of the second filter screen 311 is slightly smaller than that of the first filter screen 21, the second filter screen 311 is used for filtering the sludge again, the sludge flowing out of the first filter screen 21 can be buffered, the stirring of the liquid in the first cavity 31 during the water inflow is reduced, and the sedimentation effect of the first cavity 31 is enhanced.

In the present embodiment, the third filter 321 is horizontally disposed in the second chamber 32, the aperture of the third filter 321 is smaller than the diameter of the sludge particles, the level of the third filter 321 is lower than the liquid level in the first chamber 31, a water outlet is disposed in the second chamber 32 at a position higher than the third filter 321, the water outlet is used for discharging water from the second chamber 32, and the second chamber 32 is provided with a pipe pump 6 at the bottom for delivering the sludge into the sludge storage tank. The bottom of the second chamber 32 is preferably arranged as a funnel, and the bottom of the funnel is connected with the pipeline pump 6, so that the pipeline pump 6 can suck the sludge sufficiently, and the sludge is prevented from being deposited in the second chamber 32. In the second cavity 32, the aperture of the third filter 321 can be set to millimeter level or even smaller, and at the same time, a plurality of holes are provided, along with the inflow of the sewage, the liquid level in the second cavity 32 rises, when the liquid level rises to the third filter 321, only water and part of extremely small particles can continue to rise, and the part of water can be directly put back into the river or sucked to the shore for purification treatment. The concentration of the sludge at the lower layer is higher and higher, and only the sludge at the lower layer is pumped regularly.

The third filter 321 of this embodiment is provided with a hydraulic sensor, and when the hydraulic sensor detects that the hydraulic pressure in the second chamber 32 exceeds a set value, the pipe pump 6 works to pump away the sludge in the second chamber 32. When the liquid level in the second cavity 32 is too high or the concentration of the lower-layer sludge is too high, even the third filter screen 321 is blocked, the reading detected by the hydraulic sensor rises, and at this time, the lower-layer sludge needs to be pumped or whether the third filter screen 321 is blocked or not needs to be checked.

The bottom level of the first cavity 31 is higher than the bottom level of the second cavity 32 in this embodiment. In order to facilitate the flow of sewage to prevent sludge from being deposited in the first chamber 31, the bottom of the first chamber 31 may be provided in an inclined form, and the bottom surface of the second chamber 32 is lower than the bottom surface of the first chamber 31.

The mud storage pool of this embodiment is provided with the filter layer all around and bottom, and the filter layer is arranged in filtering and imbibition to the moisture that stores up in the mud storage pool. The filter layer can adopt the fine sand, can block the inside moisture suction of silt, and the silt of big granule flows, and the fine sand is comparatively common on the river course limit simultaneously, and the cost also can reduce according to local conditions.

The side of keeping away from mud pumping device 1 on the dredger of this embodiment still is provided with microorganism input device 5, and microorganism input device 5 implants the bottom in river course with the microbial inoculum. Can degrade impurities in the river channel and quickly recover the ecology of the river channel. The overall treatment effect is good, and compared with the existing dredging method for destroying ecology, the method is more environment-friendly.

Example (b): the simple sludge storage tank is built beside the river channel to be cleaned by a construction party in advance, the structure of a concrete layer and a fine sand layer can be directly used, the cost is low, the construction period is short, and meanwhile, when the sludge storage tank is not needed to be used, the sludge storage tank is easy to push and recover. During construction, the sludge pumping device 1 is firstly required to detect the position and depth of sludge and pump the sludge, and as river water is more, 70% -80% of the sludge is water in the pumping process. The remaining particles are not completely available sludge and may include some glass, ceramic, etc. waste. Therefore, the water and the garbage need to be separated, and finally, the sludge with higher purity is obtained. The sludge pumping device 1 pumps the sludge directly to the first filter 21, the first filter 21 moves along with the conveyor belt 22, in the process, the garbage is separately separated into the garbage recycling device 4 and is separately treated, and the rest is the sewage and the sludge. Silt and sewage reach first cavity 31 after second filter screen 311 buffering filters, silt and sewage carry out preliminary sedimentation at first cavity 31 for most silt and little water flow into in the second cavity 32 through the water inlet, then filter through the third filter screen 321 of second cavity 32, can obtain the clear liquid in upper strata and the higher purity silt of bottom after filtering, then the clear liquid in upper strata can directly discharge also can transport to the bank in the river course and carry out purification treatment. And (3) conveying the bottom high-purity sludge into a sludge storage pool, performing dehydration treatment for 8-12h, detecting the grade of the sludge, and selecting different treatment modes according to the detection grade of the sludge. The embodiment can be used for rapidly classifying and treating water, sludge and garbage, and due to the fact that traffic is inconvenient at the edge of a river channel and processing equipment is not enough, most of water is directly discharged or used for other purposes after classification, garbage is classified and recycled, the residual sludge only accounts for 10% -20% of the total mass, and the transportation cost can be reduced.

The above disclosure is only for a few specific embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and any variations that can be made by those skilled in the art are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The water conservancy ecological dredging and decontamination dewatering treatment method is characterized by comprising a dredger, wherein the dredger is sequentially provided with a sludge pumping device (1), a garbage filtering device (2) and a sedimentation cavity (3) from the bow to the stern, and further comprises the following steps:

s1: the sludge pumping device (1) collects sludge at the bottom of a river channel;

s2: the garbage filtering device (2) filters the collected sludge, large-particle garbage is delivered to the garbage recycling device (4), and small-particle sludge and water flow into the settling cavity (3);

s3: the sludge and the water are layered in the sedimentation cavity (3), the upper-layer liquid is directly discharged into a river channel, and the lower-layer sludge is conveyed into a sludge storage pool on the bank through a pipeline pump (6);

2. The water conservancy ecological dredging, decontaminating and dewatering method according to claim 1, further comprising, after the step of S4, performing grade detection on the sludge in the sludge recycling station, and using the sludge meeting the standard grade for farmland or afforestation, and using the sludge not meeting the standard grade for firing bricks; the grade detection comprises the detection of the types and the contents of microorganisms, the detection of toxic elements and the detection of plant nutrient components.

3. The water conservancy ecological dredging, decontaminating and dewatering method according to claim 1, wherein an inductor (11) is provided at an end of the sludge pumping device (1) near the bottom of the river, and the inductor (11) is used for identifying sludge, water and a hard riverbed.

4. The water conservancy ecological dredging, decontaminating and dewatering treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the waste filtering device (2) comprises a conveyor belt (22) and a first filter screen (21), the first filter screen (21) is fixed on the conveyor belt (22), the settling chamber (3) is arranged below the first filter screen (21), the sludge collected by the sludge pumping device is directly discharged onto the first filter screen (21), large-particle waste is conveyed to the waste recycling device (4) along with the first filter screen (21), and small-particle sludge and sewage flow into the settling chamber (3) through the first filter screen (21).

5. A water conservancy ecological dredging, decontaminating and dewatering method according to claim 4, characterized in that the sedimentation chamber (3) comprises a first chamber (31) and a second chamber (32), the bottom of the first chamber (31) is provided with a water inlet communicated with the second chamber (32), the first chamber (31) is arranged below the first filter screen (21) and receives the small-particle sludge and sewage, and the sludge and sewage are primarily layered and discharged into the second chamber (32).

6. A water conservancy ecological dredging, dirt removing and dewatering treatment method as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that a second filter screen (311) is arranged in the first cavity (31), sludge filtered by the second filter screen (311) flows to the water inlet and then flows into the second cavity (32), and the aperture of the second filter screen (311) is smaller than or equal to that of the first filter screen (21).

7. A water conservancy ecological dredging, decontaminating and dewatering process according to claim 5, characterized in that a third filter screen (321) is horizontally arranged in the second cavity (32), the pore size of the third filter screen (321) is smaller than the diameter of the sludge particles, the level of the third filter screen (321) is lower than the liquid level of the first cavity (31), a water outlet is arranged in the second cavity (32) at a position higher than the third filter screen (321) and used for discharging water from the second cavity (32), and a pipeline pump (6) is arranged at the bottom of the second cavity (32) and used for conveying sludge into the sludge storage tank.

8. The water conservancy ecological dredging, decontaminating and dewatering method according to claim 7, wherein a hydraulic sensor is disposed on the third filter screen (321), and when the hydraulic sensor detects that the hydraulic pressure in the second cavity (32) exceeds a set value, the pipeline pump (6) operates to pump away the sludge in the second cavity (32).

9. A water conservancy ecological dredging and sewage draining treatment method according to claim 5, characterized in that the bottom level of the first cavity (31) is higher than the bottom level of the second cavity (32).

10. The water conservancy ecological dredging, dirt removing and dewatering treatment method according to claim 1, characterized in that filter layers are arranged on the periphery and the bottom of the sludge storage pool and used for filtering and soaking water in the sludge storage pool.